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HAN M, YI X, YOU S, WU X, WANG S, HE D. Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver in mice by regulating lipid and bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress based on 4DLabel-free quantitative proteomic study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:277-288. [PMID: 38504534 PMCID: PMC10927405 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231018.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect and molecular mechanism of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction (, GJDD) on alcoholic fatty live disease (AFLD) by using proteomic methods. METHODS The male C57BL/6J mouse were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, GJDD group and resveratrol group. After the AFLD model was successfully prepared by intragastric administration of alcohol once on the basis of the Lieber-DeCarli classical method, the GJDD group and resveratrol group were intragastrically administered with GJDD (4900 mg/kg) and resveratrol (400 mg/kg) respectively, once a day for 9 d. The fat deposition of liver tissue was observed and evaluated by oil red O (ORO) staining. 4DLabel-free quantitative proteome method was used to determine and quantify the protein expression in liver tissue of each experimental group. The differentially expressed proteins were screened according to protein expression differential multiples, and then analyzed by Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. Finally, expression validation of the differentially co-expressed proteins from control group, model group and GJDD group were verified by targeted proteomics quantification techniques. RESULTS In semiquantitative analyses of ORO, all kinds of steatosis (ToS, MaS, and MiS) were evaluated higher in AFLD mice compared to those in GJDD or resveratrol-treated mice. 4DLabel-free proteomics analysis results showed that a total of 4513 proteins were identified, of which 3763 proteins were quantified and 946 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Compared with the control group, 145 proteins were up-regulated and 148 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of model group. In addition, compared with the model group, 92 proteins were up-regulated and 135 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of the GJDD group. 15 differentially co-expressed proteins were found between every two groups (model group vs control group, GJDD group vs model group and GJDD group vs control group), which were involved in many biological processes. Among them, 11 differentially co-expressed key proteins (Aox3, H1-5, Fabp5, Ces3a, Nudt7, Serpinb1a, Fkbp11, Rpl22l1, Keg1, Acss2 and Slco1a1) were further identified by targeted proteomic quantitative technology and their expression patterns were consistent with the results of 4D label-free proteomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided proteomics-based evidence that GJDD alleviated AFLD by modulating liver protein expression, likely through the modulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min HAN
- 1 Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xu YI
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shaowei YOU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xueli WU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shuoshi WANG
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Diancheng HE
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
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Azarova I, Klyosova E, Polonikov A. The Link between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Polymorphisms of Glutathione-Metabolizing Genes Suggests a New Hypothesis Explaining Disease Initiation and Progression. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090886. [PMID: 34575035 PMCID: PMC8466482 DOI: 10.3390/life11090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding glutathione-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione synthetase (GSS) and gamma-glutamyl transferase 7 (GGT7). A total of 3198 unrelated Russian subjects including 1572 T2D patients and 1626 healthy subjects were enrolled. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GSS and GGT7 genes were genotyped using the MassArray-4 system. We found that the GSS and GGT7 gene polymorphisms alone and in combinations are associated with T2D risk regardless of sex, age, and body mass index, as well as correlated with plasma glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and fasting blood glucose levels. Polymorphisms of GSS (rs13041792) and GGT7 (rs6119534 and rs11546155) genes were associated with the tissue-specific expression of genes involved in unfolded protein response and the regulation of proteostasis. Transcriptome-wide association analysis has shown that the pancreatic expression of some of these genes such as EDEM2, MYH7B, MAP1LC3A, and CPNE1 is linked to the genetic risk of T2D. A comprehensive analysis of the data allowed proposing a new hypothesis for the etiology of type 2 diabetes that endogenous glutathione deficiency might be a key condition responsible for the impaired folding of proinsulin which triggered an unfolded protein response, ultimately leading to beta-cell apoptosis and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia;
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia;
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-471-258-8147
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Dominguez M, Brüne B, Namgaladze D. Exploring the Role of ATP-Citrate Lyase in the Immune System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632526. [PMID: 33679780 PMCID: PMC7930476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have revealed that metabolism profoundly influences immune responses. In particular, metabolism causes epigenetic regulation of gene expression, as a growing number of metabolic intermediates are substrates for histone post-translational modifications altering chromatin structure. One of these substrates is acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which donates an acetyl group for histone acetylation. Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is also a critical substrate for de novo synthesis of fatty acids and sterols necessary for rapid cellular growth. One of the main enzymes catalyzing cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation is ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). In addition to its classical function in the provision of acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis, ACLY contributes to epigenetic regulation through histone acetylation, which is increasingly appreciated. In this review we explore the current knowledge of ACLY and acetyl-CoA in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. We focus on the role of ACLY in supporting de novo lipogenesis in immune cells as well as on its impact on epigenetic alterations. Moreover, we summarize alternative sources of acetyl-CoA and their contribution to metabolic and epigenetic regulation in cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Moffett JR, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AM. Acetate Revisited: A Key Biomolecule at the Nexus of Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Oncogenesis - Part 2: Acetate and ACSS2 in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580171. [PMID: 33304273 PMCID: PMC7693462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate, the shortest chain fatty acid, has been implicated in providing health benefits whether it is derived from the diet or is generated from microbial fermentation of fiber in the gut. These health benefits range widely from improved cardiac function to enhanced red blood cell generation and memory formation. Understanding how acetate could influence so many disparate biological functions is now an area of intensive research. Protein acetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and increased systemic acetate strongly drives protein acetylation. By virtue of acetylation impacting the activity of virtually every class of protein, acetate driven alterations in signaling and gene transcription have been associated with several common human diseases, including cancer. In part 2 of this review, we will focus on some of the roles that acetate plays in health and human disease. The acetate-activating enzyme acyl-CoA short-chain synthetase family member 2 (ACSS2) will be a major part of that focus due to its role in targeted protein acetylation reactions that can regulate central metabolism and stress responses. ACSS2 is the only known enzyme that can recycle acetate derived from deacetylation reactions in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, including both protein and metabolite deacetylation reactions. As such, ACSS2 can recycle acetate derived from histone deacetylase reactions as well as protein deacetylation reactions mediated by sirtuins, among many others. Notably, ACSS2 can activate acetate released from acetylated metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the most concentrated acetylated metabolite in the human brain. NAA has been associated with the metabolic reprograming of cancer cells, where ACSS2 also plays a role. Here, we discuss the context-specific roles that acetate can play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane M. Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ng'oma E, Williams-Simon PA, Rahman A, King EG. Diverse biological processes coordinate the transcriptional response to nutritional changes in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparent population. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:84. [PMID: 31992183 PMCID: PMC6988245 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental variation in the amount of resources available to populations challenge individuals to optimize the allocation of those resources to key fitness functions. This coordination of resource allocation relative to resource availability is commonly attributed to key nutrient sensing gene pathways in laboratory model organisms, chiefly the insulin/TOR signaling pathway. However, the genetic basis of diet-induced variation in gene expression is less clear. Results To describe the natural genetic variation underlying nutrient-dependent differences, we used an outbred panel derived from a multiparental population, the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource. We analyzed RNA sequence data from multiple female tissue samples dissected from flies reared in three nutritional conditions: high sugar (HS), dietary restriction (DR), and control (C) diets. A large proportion of genes in the experiment (19.6% or 2471 genes) were significantly differentially expressed for the effect of diet, and 7.8% (978 genes) for the effect of the interaction between diet and tissue type (LRT, Padj. < 0.05). Interestingly, we observed similar patterns of gene expression relative to the C diet, in the DR and HS treated flies, a response likely reflecting diet component ratios. Hierarchical clustering identified 21 robust gene modules showing intra-modularly similar patterns of expression across diets, all of which were highly significant for diet or diet-tissue interaction effects (FDR Padj. < 0.05). Gene set enrichment analysis for different diet-tissue combinations revealed a diverse set of pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms (two-sample t-test, FDR < 0.05). GO analysis on individual co-expressed modules likewise showed a large number of terms encompassing many cellular and nuclear processes (Fisher exact test, Padj. < 0.01). Although a handful of genes in the IIS/TOR pathway including Ilp5, Rheb, and Sirt2 showed significant elevation in expression, many key genes such as InR, chico, most insulin peptide genes, and the nutrient-sensing pathways were not observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that a more diverse network of pathways and gene networks mediate the diet response in our population. These results have important implications for future studies focusing on diet responses in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ng'oma
- University of Missouri, 401 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | | | - A Rahman
- University of Missouri, 401 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - E G King
- University of Missouri, 401 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Olona A, Terra X, Ko JH, Grau-Bové C, Pinent M, Ardevol A, Diaz AG, Moreno-Moral A, Edin M, Bishop-Bailey D, Zeldin DC, Aitman TJ, Petretto E, Blay M, Behmoaras J. Epoxygenase inactivation exacerbates diet and aging-associated metabolic dysfunction resulting from impaired adipogenesis. Mol Metab 2018; 11:18-32. [PMID: 29656108 PMCID: PMC6001407 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When molecular drivers of healthy adipogenesis are perturbed, this can cause hepatic steatosis. The role of arachidonic acid (AA) and its downstream enzymatic cascades, such as cyclooxygenase, in adipogenesis is well established. The exact contribution of the P450 epoxygenase pathway, however, remains to be established. Enzymes belonging to this pathway are mainly encoded by the CYP2J locus which shows extensive allelic expansion in mice. Here we aimed to establish the role of endogenous epoxygenase during adipogenesis under homeostatic and metabolic stress conditions. METHODS We took advantage of the simpler genetic architecture of the Cyp2j locus in the rat and used a Cyp2j4 (orthologue of human CYP2J2) knockout rat in two models of metabolic dysfunction: physiological aging and cafeteria diet (CAF). The phenotyping of Cyp2j4-/- rats under CAF was integrated with proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and lipidomics (LC-MS) analyses in the liver and the adipose tissue. RESULTS We report that Cyp2j4 deletion causes adipocyte dysfunction under metabolic challenges. This is characterized by (i) down-regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) PPARγ and C/EBPα, (ii) adipocyte hypertrophy, (iii) extracellular matrix remodeling, and (iv) alternative usage of AA pathway. Specifically, in Cyp2j4-/- rats treated with a cafeteria diet, the dysfunctional adipogenesis is accompanied by exacerbated weight gain, hepatic lipid accumulation, and dysregulated gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AA epoxygenases are essential regulators of healthy adipogenesis. Our results uncover their synergistic role in fine-tuning AA pathway in obesity-mediated hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Olona
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ximena Terra
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jeong-Hun Ko
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carme Grau-Bové
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK; Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Ardevol
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia Diaz
- Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Matthew Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Mayte Blay
- Mobiofood Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Moreno-Moral A, Petretto E. From integrative genomics to systems genetics in the rat to link genotypes to phenotypes. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:1097-1110. [PMID: 27736746 PMCID: PMC5087832 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary to traditional gene mapping approaches used to identify the hereditary components of complex diseases, integrative genomics and systems genetics have emerged as powerful strategies to decipher the key genetic drivers of molecular pathways that underlie disease. Broadly speaking, integrative genomics aims to link cellular-level traits (such as mRNA expression) to the genome to identify their genetic determinants. With the characterization of several cellular-level traits within the same system, the integrative genomics approach evolved into a more comprehensive study design, called systems genetics, which aims to unravel the complex biological networks and pathways involved in disease, and in turn map their genetic control points. The first fully integrated systems genetics study was carried out in rats, and the results, which revealed conserved trans-acting genetic regulation of a pro-inflammatory network relevant to type 1 diabetes, were translated to humans. Many studies using different organisms subsequently stemmed from this example. The aim of this Review is to describe the most recent advances in the fields of integrative genomics and systems genetics applied in the rat, with a focus on studies of complex diseases ranging from inflammatory to cardiometabolic disorders. We aim to provide the genetics community with a comprehensive insight into how the systems genetics approach came to life, starting from the first integrative genomics strategies [such as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) mapping] and concluding with the most sophisticated gene network-based analyses in multiple systems and disease states. Although not limited to studies that have been directly translated to humans, we will focus particularly on the successful investigations in the rat that have led to primary discoveries of genes and pathways relevant to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Moreno-Moral
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
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Abstract
Future prospects continue to be strong for research using the rat as a model organism. New technology has enabled the proliferation of many new transgenic and knockout rat strains, the genomes of more than 40 rat strains have been sequenced, publications using the rat as a model continue to be produced at a steady rate, and discoveries of disease-associated genes and mechanisms from rat experiments abound, frequently with conservation of function between rats and humans. However, advances in genome technology have led to increasing insights into human disease directly from human genetic studies, pulling more and more researchers into the human genetics arena and placing funding for model organisms and their databases under threat. This, therefore, is a pivotal time for rat-based biomedical research - a timely moment to review progress and prospects - providing the inspiration for a new Special Collection focused on the impact of the model on translational science, launched in this issue of Disease Models & Mechanisms. What disease areas are most appropriate for research using rats? Why should the rat be favoured over other model organisms, and should the present levels of funding be continued? Which approaches should we expect to yield biologically and medically useful insights in the coming years? These are key issues that are addressed in the original Research Articles and reviews published in this Special Collection, and in this introductory Editorial. These exemplar articles serve as a landmark for the present status quo after a decade of major advances using the rat model and could help to guide the direction of rat research in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Aitman
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Paraminder Dhillon
- Disease Models & Mechanisms, The Company of Biologists, Bidder Building, Station Road, Histon, Cambridge CB24 9LF, UK
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology and Genome Editing Rat Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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