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Xie S, Li F. Ependymal cells: roles in central nervous system infections and therapeutic application. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:255. [PMID: 39385253 PMCID: PMC11465851 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells are arranged along the inner surfaces of the ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord, providing anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that maintain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. Based on this, studies have found that alterations in gene expression, cell junctions, cytokine secretion and metabolic disturbances can lead to dysfunction of ependymal cells, thereby participating in the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Additionally, ependymal cells can exhibit proliferative and regenerative potential as well as secretory functions during CNS injury, contributing to neuroprotection and post-injury recovery. Currently, studies on ependymal cell primarily focus on the basic investigations of their morphology, function and gene expression; however, there is a notable lack of clinical translational studies examining the molecular mechanisms by which ependymal cells are involved in disease onset and progression. This limits our understanding of ependymal cells in CNS infections and the development of therapeutic applications. Therefore, this review will discuss the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of ependymal cells in CNS infections, and explore their potential for application in clinical treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Cao Lang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Cao Lang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, 130 Dong An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Cao Lang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Arimoto KI, Zhang Y, Matsuura S, Miyauchi S, Zhang DE. Hypersensitivity to type I interferon as a cause of hydrocephalus development. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149082. [PMID: 38866307 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease 18 (USP18) serves as a potent inhibitor of Type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Previous studies have shown that Usp18 deficient (homozygous Usp18 gene knockout) mice exhibit hydrocephalus; however, the precise molecular mechanism underlying hydrocephalus development remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that mice lacking both type I IFN receptor subunit 1 (Ifnar1) and Usp18 (Ifnar1/Usp18 double knockout mice) are viable and do not display a hydrocephalus phenotype. Moreover, we observed that suppression of USP18 in ependymal cells treated with IFN significantly increased cell death, including pyroptosis, and decreased proliferation. These findings suggest that heightened sensitivity to type I IFN during brain development contributes to the onset of hydrocephalus. Furthermore, they imply that inhibition of IFN signaling may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Ichiro Arimoto
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shinobu Matsuura
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sayuri Miyauchi
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dong-Er Zhang
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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3
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Chiani F, Mastrorilli V, Marchetti N, Macioce A, Nappi C, Strimpakos G, Pasquini M, Gambadoro A, Battistini JI, Cutuli D, Petrosini L, Marinelli S, Scardigli R, Farioli Vecchioli S. Essential role of p21 Waf1/Cip1 in the modulation of post-traumatic hippocampal Neural Stem Cells response. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:197. [PMID: 38971774 PMCID: PMC11227726 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents one of the main causes of brain damage in young people and the elderly population with a very high rate of psycho-physical disability and death. TBI is characterized by extensive cell death, tissue damage and neuro-inflammation with a symptomatology that varies depending on the severity of the trauma from memory loss to a state of irreversible coma and death. Recently, preclinical studies on mouse models have demonstrated that the post-traumatic adult Neural Stem/Progenitor cells response could represent an excellent model to shed light on the neuro-reparative role of adult neurogenesis following damage. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 plays a pivotal role in modulating the quiescence/activation balance of adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) and in restraining the proliferation progression of progenitor cells. Based on these considerations, the aim of this work is to evaluate how the conditional ablation of p21Waf1/Cip1 in the aNSCS can alter the adult hippocampal neurogenesis in physiological and post-traumatic conditions. METHODS We designed a novel conditional p21Waf1/Cip1 knock-out mouse model, in which the deletion of p21Waf1/Cip1 (referred as p21) is temporally controlled and occurs in Nestin-positive aNSCs, following administration of Tamoxifen. This mouse model (referred as p21 cKO mice) was subjected to Controlled Cortical Impact to analyze how the deletion of p21 could influence the post-traumatic neurogenic response within the hippocampal niche. RESULTS The data demonstrates that the conditional deletion of p21 in the aNSCs induces a strong increase in activation of aNSCs as well as proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, resulting in an enhancement of neurogenesis and the hippocampal-dependent working memory. However, following traumatic brain injury, the increased neurogenic response of aNSCs in p21 cKO mice leads to a fast depletion of the aNSCs pool, followed by declined neurogenesis and impaired hippocampal functionality. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time a fundamental role of p21 in modulating the post-traumatic hippocampal neurogenic response, by the regulation of the proliferative and differentiative steps of aNSCs/progenitor populations after brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Nicole Marchetti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- PhD Course in Sciences of Nutrition, Aging, Metabolism and Gender Pathologies, Catholic University of Roma, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Macioce
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nappi
- Instituto de Neurosciencias, Universidad Miguel-Hernandez, Alicante, Spain
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Pasquini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Gambadoro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Marinelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regine Elena, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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4
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Pasquini M, Chiani F, Gambadoro A, Di Pietro C, Paoletti R, Orsini T, Putti S, Scavizzi F, La Sala G, Ermakova O. The Odad3 Gene Is Necessary for Spermatozoa Development and Male Fertility in Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1053. [PMID: 38920681 PMCID: PMC11201558 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Odad3 gene loss-of-function mutation leads to Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), a disease caused by motile cilia dysfunction. Previously, we demonstrated that knockout of the Odad3 gene in mice replicates several features of PCD, such as hydrocephalus, defects in left-right body symmetry, and male infertility, with a complete absence of sperm in the reproductive tract. The majority of Odad3 knockout animals die before sexual maturation due to severe hydrocephalus and failure to thrive, which precludes fertility studies. Here, we performed the expression analysis of the Odad3 gene during gonad development and in adult testes. We showed that Odad3 starts its expression during the first wave of spermatogenesis, specifically at the meiotic stage, and that its expression is restricted to the germ cells in the adult testes, suggesting that Odad3 plays a role in spermatozoa formation. Subsequently, we conditionally deleted the Odad3 gene in adult males and demonstrated that even partial ablation of the Odad3 gene leads to asthenoteratozoospermia with multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella (MMAF) in mice. The analysis of the seminiferous tubules in Odad3-deficient mice revealed defects in spermatogenesis with accumulation of seminiferous tubules at the spermiogenesis and spermiation phases. Furthermore, analysis of fertility in heterozygous Odad3+/- knockout mice revealed a reduction in sperm count and motility as well as abnormal sperm morphology. Additionally, Odad3+/- males exhibited a shorter fertile lifespan. Overall, these results suggest the important role of Odad3 and Odad3 gene dosage in male fertility. These findings may have an impact on the genetic and fertility counseling practice of PCD patients carrying Odad3 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pasquini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessia Gambadoro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Renata Paoletti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Tiziana Orsini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Putti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Olga Ermakova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (A.G.); (C.D.P.); (R.P.); (T.O.); (S.P.); (F.S.)
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini, 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
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Man Y, Li W, Yap YT, Kearney A, Yee SP, Strauss JF, Harding P, Song S, Zhang L, Zhang Z. Generation of floxed Spag6l mice and disruption of the gene by crossing to a Hprt-Cre line. Genesis 2023; 61:e23512. [PMID: 37058328 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Mouse sperm-associated antigen 6 like (SPAG6L) is an axoneme central apparatus protein, essential for the normal function of the ependymal cell and lung cilia, and sperm flagella. Accumulated evidence has disclosed multiple biological functions of SPAG6L, including ciliary/flagellar biogenesis and polarization, neurogenesis, and neuronal migration. Conventional Spag6l knockout mice died of hydrocephalus, which impedes further investigation of the function of the gene in vivo. To overcome the limitation of the short lifespan of conventional knockout mice, we developed a conditional allele by inserting two loxP sites in the genome flanking exon 3 of the Spag6l gene. By crossing the floxed Spag6l mice to a Hrpt-Cre line which expresses Cre recombinase ubiquitously in vivo, mutant mice that are missing SPAG6L globally were obtained. Homozygous mutant Spag6l mice showed normal appearance within the first week after birth, but reduced body size was observed after 1 week, and all developed hydrocephalus and died within 4 weeks of age. The phenotype mirrored that of the conventional Spag6l knockout mice. The newly established floxed Spag6l model provides a powerful tool to further investigate the role of the Spag6l gene in individual cell types and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Man
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Tian Yap
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alivia Kearney
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Health Center, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jerome F Strauss
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shizheng Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Jacquemin V, Versbraegen N, Duerinckx S, Massart A, Soblet J, Perazzolo C, Deconinck N, Brischoux-Boucher E, De Leener A, Revencu N, Janssens S, Moorgat S, Blaumeiser B, Avela K, Touraine R, Abou Jaoude I, Keymolen K, Saugier-Veber P, Lenaerts T, Abramowicz M, Pirson I. Congenital hydrocephalus: new Mendelian mutations and evidence for oligogenic inheritance. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:16. [PMID: 36859317 PMCID: PMC9979489 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hydrocephalus is characterized by ventriculomegaly, defined as a dilatation of cerebral ventricles, and thought to be due to impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) homeostasis. Primary congenital hydrocephalus is a subset of cases with prenatal onset and absence of another primary cause, e.g., brain hemorrhage. Published series report a Mendelian cause in only a minority of cases. In this study, we analyzed exome data of PCH patients in search of novel causal genes and addressed the possibility of an underlying oligogenic mode of inheritance for PCH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced the exome in 28 unrelated probands with PCH, 12 of whom from families with at least two affected siblings and 9 of whom consanguineous, thereby increasing the contribution of genetic causes. Patient exome data were first analyzed for rare (MAF < 0.005) transmitted or de novo variants. Population stratification of unrelated PCH patients and controls was determined by principle component analysis, and outliers identified using Mahalanobis distance 5% as cutoff. Patient and control exome data for genes biologically related to cilia (SYScilia database) were analyzed by mutation burden test. RESULTS In 18% of probands, we identify a causal (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variant of a known hydrocephalus gene, including genes for postnatal, syndromic hydrocephalus, not previously reported in isolated PCH. In a further 11%, we identify mutations in novel candidate genes. Through mutation burden tests, we demonstrate a significant burden of genetic variants in genes coding for proteins of the primary cilium in PCH patients compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the low contribution of Mendelian mutations in PCH and reports PCH as a phenotypic presentation of some known genes known for syndromic, postnatal hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this study identifies novel Mendelian candidate genes, and provides evidence for oligogenic inheritance implicating primary cilia in PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jacquemin
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nassim Versbraegen
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Duerinckx
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles and CUB Hôpital Erasme and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Massart
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- grid.412157.40000 0000 8571 829XHuman Genetics Department, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- grid.412209.c0000 0004 0578 1002Hopital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola and Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- grid.493090.70000 0004 4910 6615Centre de génétique humaine - CHU de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anne De Leener
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Revencu
- grid.48769.340000 0004 0461 6320Centre de Génétique Humaine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc et Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stèphanie Moorgat
- grid.452439.d0000 0004 0578 0894Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bettina Blaumeiser
- grid.411414.50000 0004 0626 3418Center of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Kristiina Avela
- grid.15485.3d0000 0000 9950 5666Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renaud Touraine
- grid.412954.f0000 0004 1765 1491Génétique Clinique Chromosomique et Moléculaire, CHU de Saint-Etienne, St-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Imad Abou Jaoude
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Abou Jaoude Hospital, Jal El Dib, Lebanon
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- grid.411326.30000 0004 0626 3362Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussels, Jette, Belgium
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- grid.10400.350000 0001 2108 3034Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Université Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Artificial Intelligence Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Rethinking the cilia hypothesis of hydrocephalus. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Greiner T, Manzhula K, Baumann L, Kaddatz H, Runge J, Keiler J, Kipp M, Joost S. Morphology of the murine choroid plexus: Attachment regions and spatial relation to the subarachnoid space. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1046017. [DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1046017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus has recently been identified as a possible migration route for peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system. For future investigation of this route, profound knowledge of the morphology of the murine choroid plexus is a prerequisite. We here present a detailed morphological description of the murine choroid plexus, its attachment regions as well as its spatial relation to the subarachnoid space. We used micro-computed tomography of immersion-contrasted fixated brains to generate three-dimensional models of the ventricle system and the choroid plexus and aligned micro-computed tomography-based sections with histological paraffin-embedded sections after immunohistochemical labeling of the basal lamina and choroid plexus epithelium marker proteins (laminin and aquaporin 1). The murine choroid plexus is located in all four ventricles and is attached to the brain parenchyma in narrow attachment regions with a specific morphology in each ventricle. While in the lateral and fourth ventricle, the attachment site is formed by thin tissue bridges, the choroid plexus attachment in the third ventricle has a more complex V-like shape. In all ventricles, the choroid plexus is in close spatial relationship with the subarachnoid space that extends from the brain surface along physiologic openings toward the choroid plexus. In summary, we here provide a description of the morphology of the murine ventricle system and choroid plexus, the attachment regions of the choroid plexus and its connection to the subarachnoid space, as well as a three-dimensional model of the ventricles, the choroid plexus, and the subarachnoid space to facilitate a spatial understanding of these complex structures.
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9
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Ji W, Tang Z, Chen Y, Wang C, Tan C, Liao J, Tong L, Xiao G. Ependymal Cilia: Physiology and Role in Hydrocephalus. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:927479. [PMID: 35903173 PMCID: PMC9315228 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a colorless liquid that generally circulates from the lateral ventricles to the third and fourth ventricles, provides essential nutrients for brain homeostasis and growth factors during development. As evidenced by an increasing corpus of research, CSF serves a range of important functions. While it is considered that decreased CSF flow is associated to the development of hydrocephalus, it has recently been postulated that motile cilia, which line the apical surfaces of ependymal cells (ECs), play a role in stimulating CSF circulation by cilia beating. Ependymal cilia protrude from ECs, and their synchronous pulsing transports CSF from the lateral ventricle to the third and fourth ventricles, and then to the subarachnoid cavity for absorption. As a result, we postulated that malfunctioning ependymal cilia could disrupt normal CSF flow, raising the risk of hydrocephalus. This review aims to demonstrate the physiological functions of ependymal cilia, as well as how cilia immobility or disorientation causes problems. We also conclude conceivable ways of treatment of hydrocephalus currently for clinical application and provide theoretical support for regimen improvements by investigating the relationship between ependymal cilia and hydrocephalus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuansen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junbo Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Hydrocephalus, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Gelei Xiao,
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10
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Zhao H, Sun J, Insinna C, Lu Q, Wang Z, Nagashima K, Stauffer J, Andresson T, Specht S, Perera S, Daar IO, Westlake CJ. Male infertility-associated Ccdc108 regulates multiciliogenesis via the intraflagellar transport machinery. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52775. [PMID: 35201641 PMCID: PMC8982597 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia on the cell surface generate movement and directional fluid flow that is crucial for various biological processes. Dysfunction of these cilia causes human diseases such as sinopulmonary disease and infertility. Here, we show that Ccdc108, a protein linked to male infertility, has an evolutionarily conserved requirement in motile multiciliation. Using Xenopus laevis embryos, Ccdc108 is shown to be required for the migration and docking of basal bodies to the apical membrane in epidermal multiciliated cells (MCCs). We demonstrate that Ccdc108 interacts with the IFT‐B complex, and the ciliation requirement for Ift74 overlaps with Ccdc108 in MCCs. Both Ccdc108 and IFT‐B proteins localize to migrating centrioles, basal bodies, and cilia in MCCs. Importantly, Ccdc108 governs the centriolar recruitment of IFT while IFT licenses the targeting of Ccdc108 to the cilium. Moreover, Ccdc108 is required for the centriolar recruitment of Drg1 and activated RhoA, factors that help establish the apical actin network in MCCs. Together, our studies indicate that Ccdc108 and IFT‐B complex components cooperate in multiciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christine Insinna
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ziqiu Wang
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Stauffer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory (PCL) Mass Spectrometry Center, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne Specht
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sumeth Perera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ira O Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
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11
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Abstract
Hydrocephalus, the abnormal accumulation and impaired circulation/clearance of cerebrospinal fluid, occurs as a common phenotypic feature of a diverse group of genetic syndromes. In this review, we outline the genetic mutations, pathogenesis, and accompanying symptoms underlying syndromic hydrocephalus in the context of: L1 syndrome, syndromic craniosynostoses, achondroplasia, NF 1/2, Down's syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Walker-Warburg syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Further, we discuss emerging genetic variants associated with syndromic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaamya Varagur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sai Anusha Sanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Gui M, Farley H, Anujan P, Anderson JR, Maxwell DW, Whitchurch JB, Botsch JJ, Qiu T, Meleppattu S, Singh SK, Zhang Q, Thompson J, Lucas JS, Bingle CD, Norris DP, Roy S, Brown A. De novo identification of mammalian ciliary motility proteins using cryo-EM. Cell 2021; 184:5791-5806.e19. [PMID: 34715025 PMCID: PMC8595878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) are critical components of the oscillatory molecular machine of cilia, the axoneme, and have luminal surfaces patterned periodically by microtubule inner proteins (MIPs). Here we present an atomic model of the 48-nm repeat of a mammalian DMT, derived from a cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) map of the complex isolated from bovine respiratory cilia. The structure uncovers principles of doublet microtubule organization and features specific to vertebrate cilia, including previously unknown MIPs, a luminal bundle of tektin filaments, and a pentameric dynein-docking complex. We identify a mechanism for bridging 48- to 24-nm periodicity across the microtubule wall and show that loss of the proteins involved causes defective ciliary motility and laterality abnormalities in zebrafish and mice. Our structure identifies candidate genes for diagnosis of ciliopathies and provides a framework to understand their functions in driving ciliary motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Gui
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah Farley
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Priyanka Anujan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School and The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dale W Maxwell
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - J Josephine Botsch
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Qiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shimi Meleppattu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandeep K Singh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James Thompson
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S Lucas
- Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK; University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Colin D Bingle
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, The Medical School and The Florey Institute for Host Pathogen Interactions, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dominic P Norris
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - Sudipto Roy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Ling School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119288 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alan Brown
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Kumar V, Umair Z, Kumar S, Goutam RS, Park S, Kim J. The regulatory roles of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:31. [PMID: 34233705 PMCID: PMC8261947 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its continuous flow serves many primary functions, including nourishment, brain protection, and waste removal. Main body The abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain cavities triggers severe hydrocephalus. Accumulating evidence had indicated that synchronized beats of motile cilia (cilia from multiciliated cells or the ependymal lining in brain ventricles) provide forceful pressure to generate and restrain CSF flow and maintain overall CSF circulation within brain spaces. In humans, the disorders caused by defective primary and/or motile cilia are generally referred to as ciliopathies. The key role of CSF circulation in brain development and its functioning has not been fully elucidated. Conclusions In this review, we briefly discuss the underlying role of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. We have reviewed cilia and ciliated cells in the brain and the existing evidence for the regulatory role of functional cilia in CSF circulation in the brain. We further discuss the findings obtained for defective cilia and their potential involvement in hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this review will reinforce the idea of motile cilia as master regulators of CSF movements, brain development, and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiv Kumar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street. St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Three-Dimensional X-ray Imaging of β-Galactosidase Reporter Activity by Micro-CT: Implication for Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060746. [PMID: 34199780 PMCID: PMC8230009 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of detailed anatomical and molecular knowledge from intact biological samples while preserving their native three-dimensional structure is still a challenging issue for imaging studies aiming to unravel a system's functions. Three-dimensional micro-CT X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution in minimally perturbed naive non-transparent samples has recently gained increased popularity and broad application in biomedical research. Here, we describe a novel X-ray-based methodology for analysis of β-galactosidase (lacZ) reporter-driven gene expression in an intact murine brain ex vivo by micro-CT. The method relies on detection of bromine molecules in the product of the enzymatic β-galactosidase reaction. Enhancement of the X-ray signal is observed specifically in the regions of the murine brain where expression of the lacZ reporter gene is also detected histologically. We performed quantitative analysis of the expression levels of lacZ reporter activity by relative radiodensity estimation of the β-galactosidase/X-gal precipitate in situ. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method, we performed expression analysis of the Tsen54-lacZ reporter gene in the murine brain in a semi-quantitative manner. Human mutations in the Tsen54 gene cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), a group of severe neurodegenerative disorders with both mental and motor deficits. Comparing relative levels of Tsen54 gene expression, we demonstrate that the highest Tsen54 expression is observed in anatomical brain substructures important for the normal motor and memory functions in mice.
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15
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Wang G, Jia Y, Ye Y, Kang E, Chen H, Wang J, He X. Identification of key methylation differentially expressed genes in posterior fossa ependymoma based on epigenomic and transcriptome analysis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:174. [PMID: 33902636 PMCID: PMC8077736 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PF) can be classified into Group A posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PFA) and Group B posterior fossa ependymoma (EPN-PFB) according to DNA CpG island methylation profile status and gene expression. EPN-PFA usually occurs in children younger than 5 years and has a poor prognosis. Methods Using epigenome and transcriptome microarray data, a multi-component weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to systematically identify the hub genes of EPN-PF. We downloaded two microarray datasets (GSE66354 and GSE114523) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Limma R package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and ChAMP R was used to analyze the differential methylation genes (DMGs) between EPN-PFA and EPN-PFB. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. Results GO analysis showed that enriched genes were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix organization, adaptive immune response, membrane raft, focal adhesion, NF-kappa B pathway, and axon guidance, as suggested by KEGG analysis. Through WGCNA, we found that MEblue had a significant correlation with EPN-PF (R = 0.69, P = 1 × 10–08) and selected the 180 hub genes in the blue module. By comparing the DEGs, DMGs, and hub genes in the co-expression network, we identified five hypermethylated, lower expressed genes in EPN-PFA (ATP4B, CCDC151, DMKN, SCN4B, and TUBA4B), and three of them were confirmed by IHC. Conclusion ssGSEA and GSVA analysis indicated that these five hub genes could lead to poor prognosis by inducing hypoxia, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and TNFα-NFKB pathways. Further study of these dysmethylated hub genes in EPN-PF and the pathways they participate in may provides new ideas for EPN-PF treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02834-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yibin Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuqin Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 163Rd Hospital (Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Enming Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiayou Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
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16
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Duong Phu M, Bross S, Burkhalter MD, Philipp M. Limitations and opportunities in the pharmacotherapy of ciliopathies. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107841. [PMID: 33771583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a family of rather diverse conditions, which have been grouped based on the finding of altered or dysfunctional cilia, potentially motile, small cellular antennae extending from the surface of postmitotic cells. Cilia-related disorders include embryonically arising conditions such as Joubert, Usher or Kartagener syndrome, but also afflictions with a postnatal or even adult onset phenotype, i.e. autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The majority of ciliopathies are syndromic rather than affecting only a single organ due to cilia being found on almost any cell in the human body. Overall ciliopathies are considered rare diseases. Despite that, pharmacological research and the strive to help these patients has led to enormous therapeutic advances in the last decade. In this review we discuss new treatment options for certain ciliopathies, give an outlook on promising future therapeutic strategies, but also highlight the limitations in the development of therapeutic approaches of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Duong Phu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bross
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Ding X, Fragoza R, Singh P, Zhang S, Yu H, Schimenti JC. Variants in RABL2A causing male infertility and ciliopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3402-3411. [PMID: 33075816 PMCID: PMC7749704 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7% of men worldwide suffer from infertility, with sperm abnormalities being the most common defect. Though genetic causes are thought to underlie a substantial fraction of idiopathic cases, the actual molecular bases are usually undetermined. Because the consequences of most genetic variants in populations are unknown, this complicates genetic diagnosis even after genome sequencing of patients. Some patients with ciliopathies, including primary ciliary dyskinesia and Bardet-Biedl syndrome, also suffer from infertility because cilia and sperm flagella share several characteristics. Here, we identified two deleterious alleles of RABL2A, a gene essential for normal function of cilia and flagella. Our in silico predictions and in vitro assays suggest that both alleles destabilize the protein. We constructed and analyzed mice homozygous for these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, Rabl2L119F (rs80006029) and Rabl2V158F (rs200121688), and found that they exhibit ciliopathy-associated disorders including male infertility, early growth retardation, excessive weight gain in adulthood, heterotaxia, pre-axial polydactyly, neural tube defects and hydrocephalus. Our study provides a paradigm for triaging candidate infertility variants in the population for in vivo functional validation, using computational, in vitro and in vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbao Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Robert Fragoza
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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18
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Lee L, Ostrowski LE. Motile cilia genetics and cell biology: big results from little mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:769-797. [PMID: 32915243 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of motile cilia and their role in disease has increased tremendously over the last two decades, with critical information and insight coming from the analysis of mouse models. Motile cilia form on specific epithelial cell types and typically beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to facilitate the flow and clearance of fluids along the cell surface. Defects in formation and function of motile cilia result in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a genetically heterogeneous disorder with a well-characterized phenotype but no effective treatment. A number of model systems, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to mammals, have provided information about the genetics, biochemistry, and structure of motile cilia. However, with remarkable resources available for genetic manipulation and developmental, pathological, and physiological analysis of phenotype, the mouse has risen to the forefront of understanding mammalian motile cilia and modeling PCD. This is evidenced by a large number of relevant mouse lines and an extensive body of genetic and phenotypic data. More recently, application of innovative cell biological techniques to these models has enabled substantial advancement in elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and function of mammalian motile cilia. In this article, we will review genetic and cell biological studies of motile cilia in mouse models and their contributions to our understanding of motile cilia and PCD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Lee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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19
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Robson EA, Dixon L, Causon L, Dawes W, Benenati M, Fassad M, Hirst RA, Kenia P, Moya EF, Patel M, Peckham D, Rutman A, Mitchison HM, Mankad K, O'Callaghan C. Hydrocephalus and diffuse choroid plexus hyperplasia in primary ciliary dyskinesia-related MCIDAS mutation. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e482. [PMID: 32802948 PMCID: PMC7371369 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report a neuroradiologic phenotype associated with reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC) and mutations in the multicilin gene. We hypothesize that the observed phenotype may reflect the emerging role that ependymal cilia play in regulating CSF production. Method Clinical and radiologic records were retrospectively reviewed for 7 consecutive patients diagnosed by the Leicester UK national primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnostic laboratory. Results On MRI scanning, all patients demonstrated hydrocephalus, choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH), and arachnoid cysts. No patient had any sign of neurologic deficit. All patients had significant lung disease. Conclusions We conclude that there is a high incidence of hydrocephalus, arachnoid cysts, and CPH in MCIDAS-associated RGMC. In all cases, the observed hydrocephalus seems arrested in childhood without progression or adverse neurologic sequelae. Our new observation of CPH, which is associated with CSF overproduction, is the first macroscopic evidence that ependymal cilia may be involved in the regulation of CSF production and flow. We suggest that brain imaging should be performed in all cases of RGMC and that a diagnosis of PCD or RGMC be strongly considered in patients with unexplained hydrocephalus and a lifelong “wet”-sounding cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evie Alexandra Robson
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Luke Dixon
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Liam Causon
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - William Dawes
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Massimo Benenati
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Mahmoud Fassad
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Robert Anthony Hirst
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Priti Kenia
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Eduardo Fernandez Moya
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Mitali Patel
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
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A framework for high-resolution phenotyping of candidate male infertility mutants: from human to mouse. Hum Genet 2020; 140:155-182. [PMID: 32248361 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a heterogeneous condition of largely unknown etiology that affects at least 7% of men worldwide. Classical genetic approaches and emerging next-generation sequencing studies support genetic variants as a frequent cause of male infertility. Meanwhile, the barriers to transmission of this disease mean that most individual genetic cases will be rare, but because of the large percentage of the genome required for spermatogenesis, the number of distinct causal mutations is potentially large. Identifying bona fide causes of male infertility thus requires advanced filtering techniques to select for high-probability candidates, including the ability to test causality in animal models. The mouse remains the gold standard for defining the genotype-phenotype connection in male fertility. Here, we present a best practice guide consisting of (a) major points to consider when interpreting next-generation sequencing data performed on infertile men, and, (b) a systematic strategy to categorize infertility types and how they relate to human male infertility. Phenotyping infertility in mice can involve investigating the function of multiple cell types across the testis and epididymis, as well as sperm function. These findings will feed into the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility as well as male health broadly.
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Keep RF, Jones HC, Drewes LR. This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32138786 PMCID: PMC7059280 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research published in 2019, as well as addressing current controversies and pressing needs. Topics include recent advances related to: the cerebral endothelium and the neurovascular unit; the choroid plexus, arachnoid membrane; cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic hypothesis; the impact of disease states on brain barriers and brain fluids; drug delivery to the brain; and translation of preclinical data to the clinic. This editorial also mourns the loss of two important figures in the field, Malcolm B. Segal and Edward G. Stopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | | | - Lester R. Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
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First person – Francesco Chiani and Tiziana Orsini. Dis Model Mech 2019. [PMCID: PMC6737954 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms (DMM), helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Francesco Chiani and Tiziana Orsini are co-first authors on ‘Functional loss of Ccdc151 leads to hydrocephalus in a mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia’, published in DMM. Francesco is a researcher (PhD) in the lab of Fabio Mammano (Italian IMPC/INFRANFRONTIER delegate) at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology – Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy, where he is interested in engineering and studying novel mouse models for human disease with the aim to understand gene function in normal physiology and pathological conditions. Tiziana is a CNR Technologist in the lab of Fabio Mammano, studying the function of genes in normal conditions and during disease development in mouse models by applying the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging technique.
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