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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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Kapoor S, Padwad YS. Phloretin suppresses intestinal inflammation and maintained epithelial tight junction integrity by modulating cytokines secretion in in vitro model of gut inflammation. Cell Immunol 2023; 391-392:104754. [PMID: 37506521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease which in long run can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic inflammation can be a key factor for the occurrence of CRC thus mitigating an inflammation can be a preventive strategy for the occurrence of CRC. In this study we have explored the anti-inflammatory potential of phloretin, in in vitro gut inflammation model, developed by co-culture of Caco2 (intestinal epithelial) cells and RAW264.7 macrophages (immune cells). Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone present in apple, pear and strawberries. An anti-inflammatory effect of phloretin in reducing LPS induced inflammation and maintenance of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) in Caco2 cells was examined. Paracellular permeability assay was performed using Lucifer yellow dye to evaluate the effect of phloretin in inhibiting gut leakiness caused by inflammatory mediators secreted by activated macrophages. Phloretin attenuated LPS induced nitric oxide levels, oxidative stress, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential in Caco2 cells as evidenced by reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhancement of MMP, and decrease in inflammatory cytokines IL8, TNFα, IL1β and IL6. It exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of NFκB, iNOS and Cox2. Phloretin maintained the epithelial integrity by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins ZO1, occludin, Claudin1 and JAM. Phloretin reduced LPS induced levels of Cox2 along with the reduction in Src expression which further regulated an expression of tight junction protein occludin. Phloretin in combination to sodium pyruvate exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity via targeting NFkB signaling. Our findings paved a way to position phloretin as nutraceutical in preventing the occurrence of colitis and culmination of disease into colitis associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kapoor
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Monaco A, Ovryn B, Axis J, Amsler K. The Epithelial Cell Leak Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147677. [PMID: 34299297 PMCID: PMC8305272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell tight junction structure is the site of the transepithelial movement of solutes and water between epithelial cells (paracellular permeability). Paracellular permeability can be divided into two distinct pathways, the Pore Pathway mediating the movement of small ions and solutes and the Leak Pathway mediating the movement of large solutes. Claudin proteins form the basic paracellular permeability barrier and mediate the movement of small ions and solutes via the Pore Pathway. The Leak Pathway remains less understood. Several proteins have been implicated in mediating the Leak Pathway, including occludin, ZO proteins, tricellulin, and actin filaments, but the proteins comprising the Leak Pathway remain unresolved. Many aspects of the Leak Pathway, such as its molecular mechanism, its properties, and its regulation, remain controversial. In this review, we provide a historical background to the evolution of the Leak Pathway concept from the initial examinations of paracellular permeability. We then discuss current information about the properties of the Leak Pathway and present current theories for the Leak Pathway. Finally, we discuss some recent research suggesting a possible molecular basis for the Leak Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Monaco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Ben Ovryn
- Department of Physics, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
| | - Josephine Axis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Kurt Amsler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; (A.M.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-516-686-3716
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4
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Tutunea-Fatan E, Lee JC, Denker BM, Gunaratnam L. Heterotrimeric Gα 12/13 proteins in kidney injury and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F660-F672. [PMID: 31984793 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00453.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gα12 and Gα13 are ubiquitous members of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) family that play central and integrative roles in the regulation of signal transduction cascades within various cell types in the kidney. Gα12/Gα13 proteins enable the kidney to adapt to an ever-changing environment by transducing stimuli from cell surface receptors and accessory proteins to effector systems. Therefore, perturbations in Gα12/Gα13 levels or their activity can contribute to the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including renal cancer. This review will highlight and discuss the complex and expanding roles of Gα12/Gα13 proteins on distinct renal pathologies, with emphasis on more recently reported findings. Deciphering how the different Gα12/Gα13 interaction networks participate in the onset and development of renal diseases may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tutunea-Fatan
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasper C Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley M Denker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Puech C, Delavenne X, He Z, Forest V, Mismetti P, Perek N. Direct oral anticoagulants are associated with limited damage of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier mediated by the thrombin/PAR-1 pathway. Brain Res 2019; 1719:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Streicher JM. The role of heat shock protein 90 in regulating pain, opioid signaling, and opioid antinociception. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 111:91-103. [PMID: 31421708 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the central signal transduction regulators of the cell. Via client interactions with hundreds of proteins, including receptors, receptor regulatory kinases, and downstream signaling regulators, Hsp90 has a crucial and wide-ranging impact on signaling in response to numerous drugs with impacts on resultant physiology and behavior. Despite this importance, however, Hsp90 has barely been studied in the context of pain and the opioid receptor system, leaving open the possibility that Hsp90 could be manipulated to improve pain therapeutic outcomes, a current area of massive medical need. In this review, we will highlight the known roles of Hsp90 in directly regulating the initiation and maintenance of the pain state. We will also explore how Hsp90 regulates signaling and antinociceptive responses to opioid analgesic drugs, with a special emphasis on ERK MAPK signaling. Understanding this new and growing area will improve our understanding of how Hsp90 regulates signaling and physiology, and also may provide new ways to treat pain, and perhaps reduce the severe impact of the ongoing opioid addiction and overdose crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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7
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Stavsky J, Maitra R. The Synergistic Role of Diet and Exercise in the Prevention, Pathogenesis, and Management of Ulcerative Colitis: An Underlying Metabolic Mechanism. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819834526. [PMID: 30911221 PMCID: PMC6425530 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819834526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a biologically complex condition characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The relative incidence of this debilitating condition is increasing and sociologically damaging outcomes are a continued reality. Several etiological theories for UC are currently under investigation, spanning between genetic and environmental determinants. From an environmental perspective, previous literature reviews have demonstrated the independent effectiveness of specific diet and exercise patterns in modifying UC immuno-pathophysiology. This article explores the synergistic role of diet and aerobic exercise in the prevention, pathogenesis, and management of UC in the context of recent immunological research. Through a unifying mechanism-that is, microbial influence of colonic inflammation and immuno-pathophysiology-the simultaneous reduction of pro-inflammatory dietary sulfurous amino acid intake (ie methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine) and the upregulation of aerobic exercise frequency (which spurs the colonization of anti-inflammatory butyrate, acetate, and propionate producing microbial taxa) demonstrate the clinical efficacy of incorporating both diet and exercise modifications for UC prevention and management through pathogenic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Stavsky
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Streicher JM. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Regulating Receptor Signal Transduction. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:468-474. [PMID: 30670482 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a class of stress-inducible proteins that mainly act as molecular protein chaperones. This chaperone activity is diverse, including assisting in nascent protein folding and regulating client protein location and translocation within the cell. The main proteins within the Hsp family, particularly Hsp70 and Hsp90, also have a highly diverse and numerous set of protein clients, which when combined with the high expression levels of Hsp proteins (2%-6% of total protein content) establishes these molecules as "central regulators" of cell protein physiology. Among the client proteins, Hsps regulate numerous signal-transduction and receptor-regulatory kinases, and indeed directly regulate some receptors themselves. This also makes the Hsps, particularly Hsp90, central regulators of signal-transduction machinery, with important impacts on endogenous and drug ligand responses. Among these roles, Hsp90 in particular acts to maintain mature signaling kinases in a metastable conformation permissive for signaling activation. In this review, we will focus on the roles of the Hsps, with a special focus on Hsp90, in regulating receptor signaling and subsequent physiologic responses. We will also explore potential means to manipulate Hsp function to improve receptor-targeted therapies. Overall, Hsps are important regulators of receptor signaling that are receiving increasing interest and exploration, particularly as Hsp90 inhibitors progress toward clinical approval for the treatment of cancer. Understanding the complex interplay of Hsp regulation of receptor signaling may provide important avenues to improve patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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9
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González-Mariscal L, Raya-Sandino A, González-González L, Hernández-Guzmán C. Relationship between G proteins coupled receptors and tight junctions. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:e1414015. [PMID: 29420165 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1414015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are sites of cell-cell adhesion, constituted by a cytoplasmic plaque of molecules linked to integral proteins that form a network of strands around epithelial and endothelial cells at the uppermost portion of the lateral membrane. TJs maintain plasma membrane polarity and form channels and barriers that regulate the transit of ions and molecules through the paracellular pathway. This structure that regulates traffic between the external milieu and the organism is affected in numerous pathological conditions and constitutes an important target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we describe how a wide array of G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by diverse stimuli including light, ions, hormones, peptides, lipids, nucleotides and proteases, signal through heterotrimeric G proteins, arrestins and kinases to regulate TJs present in the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retinal barrier, renal tubular cells, keratinocytes, lung and colon, and the slit diaphragm of the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Arturo Raya-Sandino
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Laura González-González
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- a Department of Physiology , Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav) , Mexico City , Mexico
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10
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Lo Sardo F, Muti P, Blandino G, Strano S. Melatonin and Hippo Pathway: Is There Existing Cross-Talk? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091913. [PMID: 28878191 PMCID: PMC5618562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolic hormone that regulates a plethora of functions ranging from the regulation of circadian rhythms and antioxidant properties to the induction and maintenance of tumor suppressor pathways. It binds to specific receptors as well as to some cytosolic proteins, leading to several cellular signaling cascades. Recently, the involvement of melatonin in cancer insurgence and progression has clearly been demonstrated. In this review, we will first describe the structure and functions of melatonin and its receptors, and then discuss both molecular and epidemiological evidence on melatonin anticancer effects. Finally, we will shed light on potential cross-talk between melatonin signaling and the Hippo signaling pathway, along with the possible implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lo Sardo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Molecular Chemoprevention Group, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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11
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Nemati S, Teimourian S. An Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: General Consideration and Genetic Screening Approach in Diagnosis of Early Onset Subsets. Middle East J Dig Dis 2017. [PMID: 28638582 PMCID: PMC5471105 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the consequence of an aberrant hemostasis of the immune cells at the gut mucosal border. Based on clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, radiological studies, endoscopic and histological features, this disease is divided into three main types including Crohn's disease (CD), Ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBDunclassified (IBD-U). IBD is frequently presented in adults, but about 20% of IBD cases are diagnosed during childhood called pediatric IBD (PIBD). Some patients in the latter group emerge the first symptoms during infancy or under 5 years of age named infantile and very early onset IBD (VEO-IBD), respectively. These subtypes make a small fraction of PIBD, but they have exclusive phenotypic and genetic characteristics such that they are accompanied by severe disease course and resistance to conventional therapy. In this context, understanding the underlying molecular pathology opens a promising field for individualized and effective treatment. Here, we describe current hypotheses on IBD pathophysiology then explain the new idea about genetic screening technology as a good potential approach to identify the causal variants early in the disease manifestation, which is especially important for the fast and accurate treatment of VEO-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Nemati
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Teimourian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan G Nebigil
- From the Biotechnology and Cell Signaling Laboratory (UMR 7242), CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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13
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Wu Y, Xu JX, El-Jouni W, Lu T, Li S, Wang Q, Tran M, Yu W, Wu M, Barrera IE, Bonventre JV, Zhou J, Denker BM, Kong T. Gα12 is required for renal cystogenesis induced by Pkd1 inactivation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3675-3684. [PMID: 27505895 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of PKD1, encoding the protein polycystin-1 (PC1), is the main cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The signaling pathways downstream of PC1 in ADPKD are still not fully understood. Here, we provide genetic evidence for the necessity of Gα12 (encoded by Gna12, hereafter Gα12) for renal cystogenesis induced by Pkd1 knockout. There was no phenotype in mice with deletion of Gα12 (Gα12-/-). Polyinosine-polycytosine (pI:pC)-induced deletion of Pkd1 (Mx1Cre+Pkd1f/fGα12+/+) in 1-week-old mice resulted in multiple kidney cysts by 9 weeks, but the mice with double knockout of Pkd1 and Gα12 (Mx1Cre+Pkd1f/fGα12-/-) had no structural and functional abnormalities in the kidneys. These mice could survive more than one year without kidney abnormalities except multiple hepatic cysts in some mice, which indicates that the effect of Gα12 on cystogenesis is kidney specific. Furthermore, Pkd1 knockout promoted Gα12 activation, which subsequently decreased cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion by affecting the function of focal adhesion and E-cadherin, respectively. Our results demonstrate that Gα12 is required for the development of kidney cysts induced by Pkd1 mutation in mouse ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jen X Xu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wassim El-Jouni
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tzongshi Lu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Suyan Li
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qingyi Wang
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mei Tran
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Renal Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wanfeng Yu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maoqing Wu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivan E Barrera
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley M Denker
- Renal Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tianqing Kong
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Inflammatory networks underlying colorectal cancer. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:230-40. [PMID: 26882261 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is emerging as one of the hallmarks of cancer, yet its role in most tumors remains unclear. Whereas a minority of solid tumors are associated with overt inflammation, long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is remarkably effective in reducing cancer rate and death. This indicates that inflammation might have many as-yet-unrecognized facets, among which an indolent course might be far more prevalent than previously appreciated. In this Review, we explore the various inflammatory processes underlying the development and progression of colorectal cancer and discuss anti-inflammatory means for its prevention and treatment.
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15
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Ismail OZ, Zhang X, Bonventre JV, Gunaratnam L. G protein α 12 (Gα 12) is a negative regulator of kidney injury molecule-1-mediated efferocytosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F607-F620. [PMID: 26697979 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00169.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a receptor for the "eat me" signal, phosphatidylserine, on apoptotic cells. The specific upregulation of KIM-1 by injured tubular epithelial cells (TECs) enables them to clear apoptotic cells (also known as efferocytosis), thereby protecting from acute kidney injury. Recently, we uncovered that KIM-1 binds directly to the α-subunit of heterotrimeric G12 protein (Gα12) and inhibits its activation by reactive oxygen species during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (Ismail OZ, Zhang X, Wei J, Haig A, Denker BM, Suri RS, Sener A, Gunaratnam L. Am J Pathol 185: 1207-1215, 2015). Here, we investigated the role that Gα12 plays in KIM-1-mediated efferocytosis by TECs. We showed that KIM-1 remains bound to Gα12 and suppresses its activity during phagocytosis. When we silenced Gα12 expression using small interefering RNA, KIM-1-mediated engulfment of apoptotic cells was increased significantly; in contrast overexpression of constitutively active Gα12 (QLGα12) resulted in inhibition of efferocytosis. Inhibition of RhoA, a key effector of Gα12, using a chemical inhibitor or expression of dominant-negative RhoA, had the same effect as inhibition of Gα12 on efferocytosis. Consistent with this, silencing Gα12 suppressed active RhoA in KIM-1-expressing cells. Finally, using primary TECs from Kim-1+/+ and Kim-1-/- mice, we confirmed that engulfment of apoptotic cells requires KIM-1 expression and that silencing Gα12 enhanced efferocytosis by primary TECs. Our data reveal a previously unknown role for Gα12 in regulating efferocytosis and that renal TECs require KIM-1 to mediate this process. These results may have therapeutic implications given the known harmful role of Gα12 in acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Z Ismail
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xizhong Zhang
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division and Biomedical Engineering Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; .,Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Janosevic D, Axis J, Bacallao RL, Amsler K. Occludin Content Modulates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Increase in Renal Epithelial Paracellular Permeability. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:769-79. [PMID: 26348235 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to increase paracellular permeability of renal epithelial cell monolayers was examined and the role of occludin in this regulation was investigated. H2O2 treatment increased the paracellular movement of calcein, a marker for the leak pathway permeability, across monolayers of two renal epithelial cell lines, MDCK and LLC-PK1, in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same concentrations, H2O2 did not alter transepithelial resistance (TER) nor increase cell death. The magnitude of the H2O2-induced increase in leak pathway permeability was inversely related to cellular occludin protein content. H2O2 treatment did not produce any major change in total cellular content or Triton X-100-soluble or -insoluble fraction content of occludin protein. Occludin protein staining at the tight junction region was diminished following H2O2 treatment. The most dramatic effect of H2O2 was on the dynamic mobility of GFP-occludin into the tight junction region. H2O2 treatment slowed lateral movement of GFP-occludin into the tight junction region but not on the apical membrane. Further, removal of the cytoplasmic C-terminal region of occludin protein eliminated the effect of H2O2 on GFP-occludin lateral movement into the tight junction region. An increase in the mobile fraction of GFP-occludin was associated with a loss of response to H2O2. These data indicate that the H2O2-induced increase in renal epithelial cell paracellular permeability is mediated, at least in part, through occludin protein, possibly through a slowing of the rate of occludin movement into the tight junction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Janosevic
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana
| | - Josephine Axis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, 11568, New York
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana
| | - Kurt Amsler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, 11568, New York
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17
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Abstract
Technological advances in the large scale analysis of human genetics have generated profound insights into possible genetic contributions to chronic diseases including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. To date, 163 distinct genetic risk loci have been associated with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, with a substantial degree of genetic overlap between these 2 conditions. Although many risk variants show a reproducible correlation with disease, individual gene associations only affect a subset of patients, and the functional contribution(s) of these risk variants to the onset of IBD is largely undetermined. Although studies in twins have demonstrated that the development of IBD is not mediated solely by genetic risk, it is nevertheless important to elucidate the functional consequences of risk variants for gene function in relevant cell types known to regulate key physiological processes that are compromised in IBD. This article will discuss IBD candidate genes that are known to be, or are suspected of being, involved in regulating the intestinal epithelial barrier and several of the physiological processes presided over by this dynamic and versatile layer of cells. This will include assembly and regulation of tight junctions, cell adhesion and polarity, mucus and glycoprotein regulation, bacterial sensing, membrane transport, epithelial differentiation, and restitution.
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18
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Rigoli L, Caruso RA. Inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric and adolescent patients: A biomolecular and histopathological review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10262-10278. [PMID: 25132743 PMCID: PMC4130834 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i30.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with both overlapping and distinct clinical, pathological and biomolecular features. It has been suggested that pediatric IBD is a distinct disease entity, with probably different disease subtypes.The aim of this study is to review and summarize the evolution of the current concept of pediatric IBD. The results of this review reinforce the idea that pediatric CD and UC may be further classified in various clinicopathologic entities. For clinicians and pathologists convenience, practical algorithms for the distinction of the various subphenotypes of pediatric IBD are also provided.
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19
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Traweger A, Toepfer S, Wagner RN, Zweimueller-Mayer J, Gehwolf R, Lehner C, Tempfer H, Krizbai I, Wilhelm I, Bauer HC, Bauer H. Beyond cell-cell adhesion: Emerging roles of the tight junction scaffold ZO-2. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e25039. [PMID: 24665396 PMCID: PMC3885625 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zonula occludens proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3), which belong to the family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) homologs, serve as molecular hubs for the assembly of multi-protein networks at the cytoplasmic surface of intercellular contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. These multi-PDZ proteins exert crucial functions in the structural organization of intercellular contacts and in transducing intracellular signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. The junctional MAGUK protein ZO-2 not only associates with the C-terminal PDZ-binding motif of various transmembrane junctional proteins but also transiently targets to the nucleus and interacts with a number of nuclear proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and cell proliferation. Recent evidence suggests that ZO-2 is also involved in stress response and cytoprotective mechanisms, which further highlights the multi-faceted nature of this PDZ domain-containing protein. This review focuses on ZO-2 acting as a molecular scaffold at the cytoplasmic aspect of tight junctions and within the nucleus and discusses additional aspects of its cellular activities. The multitude of proteins interacting with ZO-2 and the heterogeneity of proteins either influencing or being influenced by ZO-2 suggests an exceptional functional capacity of this protein far beyond merely serving as a structural component of cellular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traweger
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Toepfer
- University of Salzburg; Department of Organismic Biology; Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland N Wagner
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | - Renate Gehwolf
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna, Austria
| | - Istvan Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics; Biological Research Centre; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration; Vienna, Austria ; University of Salzburg; Department of Organismic Biology; Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannelore Bauer
- Paracelsus Medical University; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg; Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration; Salzburg, Austria ; University of Salzburg; Department of Organismic Biology; Salzburg, Austria
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20
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Jiménez-Salazar JE, Posadas-Rodríguez P, Lazzarini-Lechuga RC, Luna-López A, Zentella-Dehesa A, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Königsberg M, Domínguez-Gómez G, Damián-Matsumura P. Membrane-initiated estradiol signaling of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated mechanisms through regulation of tight junctions in human breast cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:161-73. [PMID: 24771004 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells utilize inappropriate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms during the invasive process. It is becoming increasingly clear that estradiol (E2) induces breast cancer cell progression and enhances EMT; however, the mechanisms associated with this are unclear. We investigated the role of E2 on the expression and intracellular localization of the tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins, zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1), ZO-1-associated nucleic acid binding (ZONAB), and occludin, on the activation of c-Src and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression and cellular migration in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and T47D. We demonstrated that 1 nM E2 elicits c-Src activation after 15 min. The p-Src/ZO-1 complex led to ZO-1 and ZONAB disruption at the TJ and increased expression of HER2 mRNAs. These changes correlate with decreased expression of the epithelial markers occludin and CRB3 and increased synthesis of N-cadherin. This led to increased MCF-7 cell migration induced by E2, even in the presence of a cell proliferation inhibitor. Incubation with ICI 182,780 (Fulvestrant), an ER antagonist, precluded the effects of E2 on c-Src phosphorylation, p-Src/ZO-1 complex formation, ZO-1/ZONAB nuclear translocation, and migration of MCF-7 cells. Our findings suggest that E2 promotes TJ disruption during tumor progression and increases cell motility. We propose a novel pathway where estrogens promote EMT-associated mechanisms that possibly lead to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Jiménez-Salazar
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (UAM), 09310, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability and reduction of alveolar liquid clearance capacity are two leading pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary edema, which is a major complication of acute lung injury, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the pathologies characterized by unacceptably high rates of morbidity and mortality. Besides the success in protective ventilation strategies, no efficient pharmacological approaches exist to treat this devastating condition. Understanding of fundamental mechanisms involved in regulation of endothelial permeability is essential for development of barrier protective therapeutic strategies. Ongoing studies characterized specific barrier protective mechanisms and identified intracellular targets directly involved in regulation of endothelial permeability. Growing evidence suggests that, although each protective agonist triggers a unique pattern of signaling pathways, selected common mechanisms contributing to endothelial barrier protection may be shared by different barrier protective agents. Therefore, understanding of basic barrier protective mechanisms in pulmonary endothelium is essential for selection of optimal treatment of pulmonary edema of different etiology. This article focuses on mechanisms of lung vascular permeability, reviews major intracellular signaling cascades involved in endothelial monolayer barrier preservation and summarizes a current knowledge regarding recently identified compounds which either reduce pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption and hyperpermeability, or reverse preexisting lung vascular barrier compromise induced by pathologic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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22
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Yashin AI, Wu D, Arbeev KG, Kulminski AM, Stallard E, Ukraintseva SV. Why does melanoma metastasize into the brain? Genes with pleiotropic effects might be the key. Front Genet 2013; 4:75. [PMID: 23641255 PMCID: PMC3640189 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy I Yashin
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Xiao X, Mruk DD, Cheng FL, Cheng CY. C-Src and c-Yes are two unlikely partners of spermatogenesis and their roles in blood-testis barrier dynamics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 763:295-317. [PMID: 23397631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4711-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs), in particular c-Src and c-Yes, are nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases that mediate integrin signaling at focal adhesion complex at the cell-extracellular matrix interface to regulate cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, most notably in cancer cells during tumorigenesis and metastasis. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that these two proto-oncogenes are integrated components of the stem cell niche and the cell-cell actin-based anchoring junction known as ectoplasmic specialization (ES) at the: (1) Sertoli cell-spermatid interface known as apical ES and (2) Sertoli-Sertoli cell interface known as basal ES which together with tight junctions (TJ), gap junctions and desmosomes constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). At the stem cell niche, these SFKs regulate spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) renewal to maintain the proper population of SSC/spermatogonia for spermatogenesis. At the apical ES and the BTB, c-Src and c-Yes confer cell adhesion either by maintaining the proper phosphorylation status of integral membrane proteins at the site which in turn regulates protein-protein interactions between integral membrane proteins and their adaptors, or by facilitating androgen action on spermatogenesis via a nongenomic pathway which also modulates cell adhesion in the seminiferous epithelium. Herein, we critically evaluate recent findings in the field regarding the roles of these two unlikely partners of spermatogenesis. We also propose a hypothetical model on the mechanistic functions of c-Src and c-Yes in spermatogenesis so that functional experiments can be designed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York New York, USA
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24
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Merkin J, Russell C, Chen P, Burge CB. Evolutionary dynamics of gene and isoform regulation in Mammalian tissues. Science 2012; 338:1593-9. [PMID: 23258891 PMCID: PMC3568499 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most mammalian genes produce multiple distinct messenger RNAs through alternative splicing, but the extent of splicing conservation is not clear. To assess tissue-specific transcriptome variation across mammals, we sequenced complementary DNA from nine tissues from four mammals and one bird in biological triplicate, at unprecedented depth. We find that while tissue-specific gene expression programs are largely conserved, alternative splicing is well conserved in only a subset of tissues and is frequently lineage-specific. Thousands of previously unknown, lineage-specific, and conserved alternative exons were identified; widely conserved alternative exons had signatures of binding by MBNL, PTB, RBFOX, STAR, and TIA family splicing factors, implicating them as ancestral mammalian splicing regulators. Our data also indicate that alternative splicing often alters protein phosphorylatability, delimiting the scope of kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Merkin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Caitlin Russell
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Christopher B. Burge
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02142 USA
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25
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Liu Z, Fenech C, Cadiou H, Grall S, Tili E, Laugerette F, Wiencis A, Grosmaitre X, Montmayeur JP. Identification of new binding partners of the chemosensory signaling protein Gγ13 expressed in taste and olfactory sensory cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:26. [PMID: 22737109 PMCID: PMC3380295 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tastant detection in the oral cavity involves selective receptors localized at the apical extremity of a subset of specialized taste bud cells called taste receptor cells (TRCs). The identification of the genes coding for the taste receptors involved in this process have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying detection. However, how these receptors signal in TRCs, and whether the components of the signaling cascades interact with each other or are organized in complexes is mostly unexplored. Here we report on the identification of three new binding partners for the mouse G protein gamma 13 subunit (Gγ13), a component of the bitter taste receptors signaling cascade. For two of these Gγ13 associated proteins, namely GOPC and MPDZ, we describe the expression in taste bud cells for the first time. Furthermore, we demonstrate by means of a yeast two-hybrid interaction assay that the C terminal PDZ binding motif of Gγ13 interacts with selected PDZ domains in these proteins. In the case of the PDZ domain-containing protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), a major component of the tight junction defining the boundary between the apical and baso-lateral region of TRCs, we identified the first PDZ domain as the site of strong interaction with Gγ13. This association was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK 293 cells. In addition, we present immunohistological data supporting partial co-localization of GOPC, MPDZ, or ZO-1, and Gγ13 in taste buds cells. Finally, we extend this observation to olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), another type of chemosensory cells known to express both ZO-1 and Gγ13. Taken together our results implicate these new interaction partners in the sub-cellular distribution of Gγ13 in olfactory and gustatory primary sensory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Liu
- Chemosensory Perception, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR-6265 CNRS, UMR-1324 INRA Dijon, France
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26
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Boucher I, Yu W, Beaudry S, Negoro H, Tran M, Pollak M, Henderson J, Denker BM. Gα12 activation in podocytes leads to cumulative changes in glomerular collagen expression, proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. J Transl Med 2012; 92:662-75. [PMID: 22249312 PMCID: PMC3338890 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulosclerosis is a common pathological finding that often progresses to renal failure. The mechanisms of chronic kidney disease progression are not well defined, but may include activation of numerous vasoactive and inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that podocytes are susceptible to filtered plasma components, including hormones and growth factors that stimulate signaling pathways leading to glomerulosclerosis. Gα12 couples to numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulates multiple epithelial responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, permeability and the actin cytoskeleton. Herein, we report that genetic activation of Gα12 in podocytes leads to time-dependent increases in proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. To mimic activation of Gα12 pathways, constitutively active Gα12 (QL) was conditionally expressed in podocytes using Nphs2-Cre and LacZ/floxed QLα12 transgenic mice. Some QLα12(LacZ+/Cre+) mice developed proteinuria at 4-6 months, and most were proteinuric by 12 months. Proteinuria increased with age, and by 12-14 months, many demonstrated glomerulosclerosis with ultrastructural changes, including foot process fusion and both mesangial and subendothelial deposits. QLα12(LacZ+/Cre+) mice showed no changes in podocyte number, apoptosis, proliferation or Rho/Src activation. Real-time PCR revealed no significant changes in Nphs1, Nphs2, Cd2ap or Trpc6 expression, but Col4a2 message was increased in younger and older mice, while Col4a5 was decreased in older mice. Confocal microscopy revealed disordered collagen IVα1/2 staining in older mice and loss of α5 without changes in other collagen IV subunits. Taken together, these studies suggest that Gα12 activation promotes glomerular injury without podocyte depletion through a novel mechanism regulating collagen (α)IV expression, and supports the notion that glomerular damage may accrue through persistent GPCR activation in podocytes.
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27
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H2O2 activates G protein, α 12 to disrupt the junctional complex and enhance ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6680-5. [PMID: 22493269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial cell tight junction separates apical and basolateral domains and is essential for barrier function. Disruption of the tight junction is a hallmark of epithelial cell damage and can lead to end organ damage including renal failure. Herein, we identify Gα12 activation by H(2)O(2) leading to tight junction disruption and demonstrate a critical role for Gα12 activation during bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with inducible Gα12 (Gα12-MDCK) and silenced Gα12 (shGα12-MDCK) were subjected to ATP depletion/repletion and H(2)O(2)/catalase as models of tight junction disruption and recovery by monitoring transepithelial resistance. In ATP depleted cells, barrier disruption and recovery was not affected by Gα12, but reassembly was accelerated by Gα12 depletion. In contrast, silencing of Gα12 completely protected cells from H(2)O(2)-stimulated barrier disruption, a response that rapidly occurred in control cells. H(2)O(2) activated Src and Rho, and Src inhibition (by PP2), but not Rho (by Y27632), protected cells from H(2)O(2)-mediated barrier disruption. Immunofluorescent and biochemical analysis showed that H(2)O(2) led to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous proteins and altered membrane localization of tight junction proteins through Gα12/Src signaling pathway. Gα12 and Src were activated in vivo during ischemia/reperfusion injury, and transgenic mice with renal tubular QLα12 (activated mutant) expression were delayed in recovery and showed more extensive injury. Conversely, Gα12 knockout mice were nearly completely protected from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Taken together, these studies reveal that ROS stimulates Gα12 to activate injury pathways and identifies a therapeutic target for ameliorating ROS mediated injury.
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28
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Di Sabatino A, Biancheri P, Rovedatti L, Macdonald TT, Corazza GR. Recent advances in understanding ulcerative colitis. Intern Emerg Med 2012; 7:103-11. [PMID: 22068230 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-011-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by inflammation of the large bowel with constant involvement of the rectum, and a possible continuous retrograde distribution up to the cecum. Typical macroscopic lesions are mucosal ulcerations, with immune cell infiltration and cryptic abscesses at histology. Ulcerative colitis usually manifests with bloody diarrhea, is associated with a number of extra-intestinal manifestations, and may be acutely complicated by toxic megacolon. Longstanding disease may predispose to the development of colorectal cancer. Therapeutic options include mesalazine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators and biologic agents; however, if these treatments fail, the only available therapeutic choice remaining is the surgical removal of the colon. This review emphasizes novel concepts in the basic aspects of ulcerative colitis, and, in addition to the current clinical and diagnostic knowledge, it also describes new treatment options for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Medicine, Centro per lo Studio e la Cura delle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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29
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Qin S, Ni M, Wang X, Maurier-Mahé F, Shurland DL, Rodrigues GA. Inhibition of RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses and endotoxin-induced uveitis by a cell-impermeable HSP90 inhibitor. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:889-97. [PMID: 22019372 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dying cells release pro-inflammatory molecules, functioning as cytokines to trigger cell/tissue inflammation that is relevant to disease pathology. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) is believed to act as a danger signal for tissue damage once released extracellularly. Potential roles of HSP90 were explored in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) inflammatory responses to necrosis. Cellular extracts can trigger ARPE-19 cell inflammatory responses, producing cytokines that lead to an increase in ARPE-19 cell monolayer permeability. Addition of recombinant HSP90β mimics the induction of chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1 in cultured RPE cells, suggesting that released HSP90 can incite RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses. Consistent with this, classical HSP90 inhibitors were shown to substantially reduce necrosis-induced cytokine production and permeability increases in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, a cell-impermeable inhibitor, 17-N,N-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin-N-oxide, also efficiently inhibited necrosis-induced cytokine production and TNF-α/IL-1β-induced increase in ARPE-19 cell permeability in vitro and endotoxin-induced development of uveitis in vivo, suggesting that HSP90 can contribute to necrosis-induced RPE inflammatory responses. Collectively, our data identify HSP90 as a pro-inflammatory molecule in RPE cell sterile inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofu Qin
- Retinal Disease Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
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30
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González-Mariscal L, Quirós M, Díaz-Coránguez M. ZO proteins and redox-dependent processes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1235-53. [PMID: 21294657 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 are scaffold proteins of the tight junction (TJ) that belong to the MAGUK protein family characterized for exhibiting PDZ, SH3, and GuK domains. ZO proteins are present only in multicellular organisms, being the placozoa the first to have them. ZO proteins associate among themselves and with other integral and adaptor proteins of the TJ, of the ZA and of gap junctions, as with numerous signaling proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. ZO proteins are also present at the nucleus of proliferating cells. RECENT ADVANCES Oxidative stress disassembles the TJs of endothelial and epithelial cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Oxidative stress alters ZO proteins expression and localization, in conditions like hypoxia, bacterial and viral infections, vitamin deficiencies, age-related diseases, diabetes and inflammation, alcohol and tobacco consumption. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecules present in the signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress can be targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico DF, México.
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31
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Giannatselis H, Calder M, Watson AJ. Ouabain stimulates a Na+/K+-ATPase-mediated SFK-activated signalling pathway that regulates tight junction function in the mouse blastocyst. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23704. [PMID: 21901128 PMCID: PMC3162003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase plays a pivotal role during preimplantation development; it establishes a trans-epithelial ionic gradient that facilitates the formation of the fluid-filled blastocyst cavity, crucial for implantation and successful pregnancy. The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is also implicated in regulating tight junctions and cardiotonic steroid (CTS)-induced signal transduction via SRC. We investigated the expression of SRC family kinase (SFK) members, Src and Yes, during preimplantation development and determined whether SFK activity is required for blastocyst formation. Embryos were collected following super-ovulation of CD1 or MF1 female mice. RT-PCR was used to detect SFK mRNAs encoding Src and Yes throughout preimplantation development. SRC and YES protein were localized throughout preimplantation development. Treatment of mouse morulae with the SFK inhibitors PP2 and SU6656 for 18 hours resulted in a reversible blockade of progression to the blastocyst stage. Blastocysts treated with 10(-3) M ouabain for 2 or 10 minutes and immediately immunostained for phosphorylation at SRC tyr418 displayed reduced phosphorylation while in contrast blastocysts treated with 10(-4) M displayed increased tyr418 fluorescence. SFK inhibition increased and SFK activation reduced trophectoderm tight junction permeability in blastocysts. The results demonstrate that SFKs are expressed during preimplantation development and that SFK activity is required for blastocyst formation and is an important mediator of trophectoderm tight junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Giannatselis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Calder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Watson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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32
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Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ, Stange DE, Vries RG, van den Born M, Barker N, Shroyer NF, van de Wetering M, Clevers H. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [PMID: 21677747 DOI: 10.1038/nature] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have provided substantial insight into the maintenance of mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular programs responsible for intestinal homeostasis use diverse intracellular and intercellular networks to promote immune tolerance, inflammation or epithelial restitution. Complex interfaces integrate local host and microbial signals to activate appropriate effector programs selectively and even drive plasticity between these programs. In addition, genetic studies and mouse models have emphasized the role of genetic predispositions and how they affect interactions with microbial and environmental factors, leading to pro-colitogenic perturbations of the host-commensal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Khor
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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33
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Abstract
Recent advances have provided substantial insight into the maintenance of mucosal immunity and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular programs responsible for intestinal homeostasis use diverse intracellular and intercellular networks to promote immune tolerance, inflammation or epithelial restitution. Complex interfaces integrate local host and microbial signals to activate appropriate effector programs selectively and even drive plasticity between these programs. In addition, genetic studies and mouse models have emphasized the role of genetic predispositions and how they affect interactions with microbial and environmental factors, leading to pro-colitogenic perturbations of the host-commensal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Khor
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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34
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Tkachuk N, Tkachuk S, Patecki M, Kusch A, Korenbaum E, Haller H, Dumler I. The tight junction protein ZO-2 and Janus kinase 1 mediate intercellular communications in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:531-6. [PMID: 21679692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a multifunctional role of ZO-2, the tight junction protein of the MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase-like) family. Though ZO-2 has been found in cell types lacking tight junction structures, such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), little is known about ZO-2 function in these cells. We provide evidence that ZO-2 mediates specific homotypic cell-to-cell contacts between VSMC. Using mass spectrometry we found that ZO-2 is associated with the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Jak1. By generating specific ZO-2 constructs we further found that the N-terminal fragment of ZO-2 molecule is responsible for this interaction. Adenovirus-based expression of Jak1 inactive mutant demonstrated that Jak1 mediates ZO-2 tyrosine phosphorylation. By means of RNA silencing, expression of Jak1 mutant form and fluorescently labeled ZO-2 fusion protein we further specified that active Jak1, but not Jak1 inactive mutant, mediates ZO-2 localization to the sites of intercellular contacts. We identified the urokinase receptor uPAR as a pre-requisite for these cellular events. Functional requirement of the revealed signaling complex for VSMC network formation was confirmed in experiments using Matrigel and in contraction assay. Our findings imply involvement of the ZO-2 tight junction independent signaling complex containing Jak1 and uPAR in VSMC intercellular communications. This mechanism may contribute to vascular remodeling in occlusive cardiovascular diseases and in arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tkachuk
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover D-30625, Germany
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35
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Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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36
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Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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37
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Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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38
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Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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39
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Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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40
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Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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41
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Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10209 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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42
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Denker BM, Sabath E. The biology of epithelial cell tight junctions in the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:622-5. [PMID: 21415157 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50 years have lapsed since the tight junction between epithelial cells was first identified by electron microscopy. The tight junction was once viewed as a static structure providing a barrier to paracellular movement and restricting proteins to the apical or basolateral membrane. Recent insights into the molecular composition of tight junctions reveal surprising complexity and dynamic regulation. Epithelia along the nephron exemplify a diversity of tight junctions that contribute to more than a 100-fold difference in permeability from the proximal tubule to the collecting duct. Tight junctions along the nephron form during kidney development and must reassemble after tubular injury. Hereditary diseases, animal models, and cell culture studies provide a variety of new perspectives on the function of tight junctions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley M Denker
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011; 43:246-52. [PMID: 21297633 PMCID: PMC3084597 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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44
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011. [PMID: 21297633 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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45
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New aspects of the molecular constituents of tissue barriers. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:7-21. [PMID: 20865434 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial tissue barriers are based on tight intercellular contacts (Tight Junctions, TJs) between neighbouring cells. TJs are multimeric complexes, located at the most apical border of the lateral membrane. So far, a plethora of proteins locating at tight intercellular contacts have been discovered, the role of which has just partly been unraveled. Yet, there is convincing evidence that many TJ proteins exert a dual role: They act as structural components at the junctional site and they are involved in signalling pathways leading to alterations of gene expression and cell behaviour (migration, proliferation). This review will shortly summarize the classical functions of TJs and TJ-related proteins and will introduce a new category, termed the "non-classical" functions of junctional proteins. A particular focus will be directed towards the nuclear targeting of junctional proteins and the downstream effects elicited by their intranuclear activities.
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46
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Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Miyashita H, Ohta H, Sonoda H, Sato Y. Isolation of a small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) and its role in vasohibin secretion. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3094-101. [PMID: 20736312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.067538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon stimulation with angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) secrete a negative-feedback regulator of angiogenesis, vasohibin-1 (VASH1). Because VASH1 lacks a classical signal sequence, it is not clear how ECs secrete VASH1. We isolated a small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) composed of 66 amino acids. The level of Svbp mRNA was relatively high in the bone marrow, spleen and testes of mice. In cultured ECs, Vash1 mRNA was induced by VEGF, and Svbp mRNA was expressed constitutively. The interaction between VASH1 and SVBP was confirmed using the BIAcore system and immunoprecipitation analysis. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that SVBP colocalized with VASH1 in ECs. In polarized epithelial cells, SVBP accumulated on the apical side, whereas VASH1 was present throughout the cells and partially colocalized with SVBP. Transfection of SVBP enhanced VASH1 secretion, whereas knockdown of endogenous SVBP markedly reduced VASH1 secretion. SVBP increased the solubility of VASH1 protein in detergent solution and inhibited the ubiquitylation of VASH1 protein. Moreover, co-transfection of SVBP significantly augmented the inhibitory effect of VASH1 on EC migration. These results indicate that SVBP acts as a secretory chaperone for VASH1 and contributes to the anti-angiogenic activity of VASH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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47
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Terry S, Nie M, Matter K, Balda MS. Rho signaling and tight junction functions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2010; 25:16-26. [PMID: 20134025 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are heteromeric protein complexes that act as signaling centers by mediating the bidirectional transmission of information between the environment and the cell interior to control paracellular permeability and differentiation. Insight into tight junction-associated signaling mechanisms is of fundamental importance for our understanding of the physiology of epithelia and endothelia in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Terry
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Guilini C, Urayama K, Turkeri G, Dedeoglu DB, Kurose H, Messaddeq N, Nebigil CG. Divergent roles of prokineticin receptors in the endothelial cells: angiogenesis and fenestration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H844-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00898.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prokineticins are secreted peptides that activate two G protein-coupled receptors: PKR1 and PKR2. Prokineticins induce angiogenesis and fenestration, but the cognate receptors involved in these functions are unknown. We hypothesized a role for prokineticin receptor signaling pathways and expression profiles in determining the selective effects of prokineticins on coronary endothelial cells (H5V). Activation of the PKR1/MAPK/Akt signaling pathway stimulates proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in H5V cells, in which PKR1 predominates over PKR2. PKR1 was colocalized with Gα11 and was internalized following the stimulation of these cells with prokineticin-2. Knock down of PKR1 or Gα11 expression in H5V cells effectively inhibited prokineticin-2-induced vessel formation and MAPK/Akt activation, indicating a role for PKR1/Gα11 in this process. However, in conditions in which PKR2 predominated over PKR1, these cells displayed a fenestrated endothelial cell phenotype. H5V cells overexpressing PKR2 displayed large numbers of multivesicular bodies and caveolar clusters and a disruption of the distribution of zonula occluden-1 tight junction protein. Prokineticin-2 induced the colocalization of PKR2 with Gα12, and activated Gα12, which bound to zonula occluden-1 to trigger the degradation of this protein in these cells. Prokineticin-2 induced the formation of vessel-like structures by human aortic endothelial cells expressing only PKR1, and disorganized the tight junctions in human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells expressing only PKR2, confirming the divergent roles of these receptors. Our findings show the functional characteristics of coronary endothelial cells depend on the expression of PKR1 and PKR2 levels and the divergent signaling pathways used by these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Guilini
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, FRE3211, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, and Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Kyoji Urayama
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, FRE3211, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, and Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gulen Turkeri
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, FRE3211, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, and Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Deniz B. Dedeoglu
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, FRE3211, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, and Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Canan G. Nebigil
- Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, FRE3211, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, and Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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49
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Yu W, Kong T, Beaudry S, Tran M, Negoro H, Yanamadala V, Denker BM. Polycystin-1 protein level determines activity of the Galpha12/JNK apoptosis pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10243-51. [PMID: 20106977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.070821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PKD1 are the most common cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The protein product of PKD1 (polycystin-1 (PC1)) is a large transmembrane protein with a short intracellular C terminus that interacts with numerous signaling molecules, including Galpha(12). Cyst formation in ADPKD results from numerous cellular defects, including abnormal cilia, changes in polarity, and dysregulated apoptosis and proliferation. Recently, we reported increased apoptosis in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells through Galpha(12) stimulation of JNK and degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (Yanamadala, V., Negoro, H., Gunaratnam, L., Kong, T., and Denker, B. M. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 24352-24363). Herein, we confirm this pathway in Galpha(12)-silenced MDCK cells and utilize MDCK cell lines harboring either overexpressed or silenced PC1 to demonstrate that PC1 expression levels determine activity of the JNK/Bcl-2 apoptosis pathway. PC1-overexpressing MDCK cells were resistant to thrombin/Galpha(12)-stimulated apoptosis, JNK activation, and Bcl-2 degradation. In contrast, PC1-silenced MDCK cells displayed enhanced thrombin-induced apoptosis, JNK activity, and Bcl-2 degradation. In pulldown experiments, PC1 bound to Galpha(12), but not the related Galpha(13) subunit, and thrombin-stimulated MDCK cells led to increased interaction of Galpha(12) with the PC1 C terminus. In transient transfection assays, a PC1 C-terminal mutant lacking the G protein-binding domain was uncoupled from PC1-inhibited apoptosis. PC1 expression levels may be increased or decreased in ADPKD, and these findings suggest a mechanism in which levels of PC1 expression modulate Galpha(12)/JNK-stimulated apoptosis. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a set point model in which PC1 expression levels regulate specific G protein signaling pathways important to cyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Yu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Yang G, Li Q, Ren S, Lu X, Fang L, Zhou W, Zhang F, Xu F, Zhang Z, Zeng R, Lottspeich F, Chen Z. Proteomic, functional and motif-based analysis of C-terminal Src kinase-interacting proteins. Proteomics 2009; 9:4944-61. [PMID: 19743411 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) that functions as an essential negative regulator of Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) interacts with tyrosine-phosphorylated molecules through its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, allowing it targeting to the sites of SFKs and concomitantly enhancing its kinase activity. Identification of additional Csk-interacting proteins is expected to reveal potential signaling targets and previously undescribed functions of Csk. In this study, using a direct proteomic approach, we identified 151 novel potential Csk-binding partners, which are associated with a wide range of biological functions. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the majority of identified proteins contain one or several Csk-SH2 domain-binding motifs, indicating a potentially direct interaction with Csk. The interactions of Csk with four proteins (partitioning defective 3 (Par3), DDR1, SYK and protein kinase C iota) were confirmed using biochemical approaches and phosphotyrosine 1127 of Par3 C-terminus was proved to directly bind to Csk-SH2 domain, which was consistent with predictions from in silico analysis. Finally, immunofluorescence experiments revealed co-localization of Csk with Par3 in tight junction (TJ) in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner and overexpression of Csk, but not its SH2-domain mutant lacking binding to phosphotyrosine, promoted the TJ assembly in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, implying the involvement of Csk-SH2 domain in regulating cellular TJs. In conclusion, the newly identified potential interacting partners of Csk provided new insights into its functional diversity in regulation of numerous cellular events, in addition to controlling the SFK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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