1
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Jasim SA, Farhan SH, Ahmad I, Hjazi A, Kumar A, Jawad MA, Pramanik A, Altalbawy FMA, Alsaadi SB, Abosaoda MK. Role of homeobox genes in cancer: immune system interactions, long non-coding RNAs, and tumor progression. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:964. [PMID: 39240390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The intricate interplay between Homeobox genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and the development of malignancies represents a rapidly expanding area of research. Specific discernible lncRNAs have been discovered to adeptly regulate HOX gene expression in the context of cancer, providing fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern cancer development and progression. An in-depth comprehension of these intricate associations may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. The HOX gene family is garnering increasing attention due to its involvement in immune system regulation, interaction with long non-coding RNAs, and tumor progression. Although initially recognized for its crucial role in embryonic development, this comprehensive exploration of the world of HOX genes contributes to our understanding of their diverse functions, potentially leading to immunology, developmental biology, and cancer research discoveries. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to delve into these aspects of HOX gene biology in greater detail, shedding light on their complex functions and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shireen Hamid Farhan
- Biotechnology Department, College of Applied Science, Fallujah University, Al-Fallujah, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | | | - Atreyi Pramanik
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Farag M A Altalbawy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Duba, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim B Alsaadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Munther Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
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2
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Lim RMH, Lee JY, Kannan B, Ko TK, Chan JY. Molecular and immune pathobiology of human angiosarcoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189159. [PMID: 39032539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare endothelial-derived malignancy that is extremely diverse in anatomy, aetiology, molecular and immune characteristics. While novel therapeutic approaches incorporating targeted agents and immunotherapy have yielded significant improvements in patient outcomes across several cancers, their impact on angiosarcoma remains modest. Contributed by its heterogeneous nature, there is currently a lack of novel drug targets in this disease entity and no reliable biomarkers that predict response to conventional treatment. This review aims to examine the molecular and immune landscape of angiosarcoma in association with its aetiology, anatomical sites, prognosis and therapeutic options. We summarise current efforts to characterise angiosarcoma subtypes based on molecular and immune profiling. Finally, we highlight promising technologies such as single-cell spatial "omics" that may further our understanding of angiosarcoma and propose strategies that can be similarly applied for the study of other rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Kologrivova IV, Naryzhnaya NV, Suslova TE. Thymus in Cardiometabolic Impairments and Atherosclerosis: Not a Silent Player? Biomedicines 2024; 12:1408. [PMID: 39061983 PMCID: PMC11273826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The thymus represents a primary organ of the immune system, harboring the generation and maturation of T lymphocytes. Starting from childhood, the thymus undergoes involution, being replaced with adipose tissue, and by an advanced age nearly all the thymus parenchyma is represented by adipocytes. This decline of thymic function is associated with compromised maturation and selection of T lymphocytes, which may directly impact the development of inflammation and induce various autoinflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis. For a long time, thymus health in adults has been ignored. The process of adipogenesis in thymus and impact of thymic fat on cardiometabolism remains a mysterious process, with many issues being still unresolved. Meanwhile, thymus functional activity has a potential to be regulated, since islets of thymopoeisis remain in adults even at an advanced age. The present review describes the intricate process of thymic adipose involution, focusing on the issues of the thymus' role in the development of atherosclerosis and metabolic health, tightly interconnected with the state of vessels. We also review the recent information on the key molecular pathways and biologically active substances that may be targeted to manipulate both thymic function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kologrivova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 111A Kievskaya, Tomsk 634012, Russia; (N.V.N.); (T.E.S.)
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4
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Zhou Y, Wu Q, Guo Y. Deciphering the emerging landscape of HOX genes in cardiovascular biology, atherosclerosis and beyond (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:17. [PMID: 38131178 PMCID: PMC10781420 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a dominant driving force underlying multiple cardiovascular events, is an intertwined and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposition in the arterial wall, which leads to diverse cardiovascular problems. Despite unprecedented advances in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the substantial decline in cardiovascular mortality, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a global public health issue. Understanding the molecular landscape of atherosclerosis is imperative in the field of molecular cardiology. Recently, compelling evidence has shown that an important family of homeobox (HOX) genes endows causality in orchestrating the interplay between various cardiovascular biological processes and atherosclerosis. Despite seemingly scratching the surface, such insight into the realization of biology promises to yield extraordinary breakthroughs in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Primarily recapitulated herein are the contributions of HOX in atherosclerosis, including diverse cardiovascular biology, knowledge gaps, remaining challenges and future directions. A snapshot of other cardiovascular biological processes was also provided, including cardiac/vascular development, cardiomyocyte pyroptosis/apoptosis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy, which are responsible for cardiovascular disorders. Further in‑depth investigation of HOX promises to provide a potential yet challenging landscape, albeit largely undetermined to date, for partially pinpointing the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. A plethora of new targeted therapies may ultimately emerge against atherosclerosis, which is rapidly underway. However, translational undertakings are crucially important but increasingly challenging and remain an ongoing and monumental conundrum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yingchu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
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Hirata Y, Mizushima S, Mitsukawa S, Kon M, Kuroki Y, Jogahara T, Shinohara N, Kuroiwa A. Identification of a New Enhancer That Promotes Sox9 Expression by a Comparative Analysis of Mouse and Sry-Deficient Amami Spiny Rat. Cytogenet Genome Res 2024; 163:307-316. [PMID: 38246151 DOI: 10.1159/000536408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testis differentiation is initiated by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome in mammalian species. However, the Amami spiny rat, Tokudaia osimensis, lacks both the Y chromosome and the Sry gene and acquired a unique Sox9 regulatory mechanism via a male-specific duplication upstream of Sox9, without Sry. In general mammalian species, the SRY protein binds to a testis-specific enhancer to promote SOX9 gene expression. Several enhancers located upstream of Sox9/SOX9 have been reported in mice and humans. In particular, the binding of SRY to the highly conserved enhancer Enh13 is thought to be a common mechanism underlying testis differentiation and sex determination in mammals. METHODS Sequences of T. osimensis homologues of three Sox9 enhancers that were previously reported in mice, Enh8, Enh14, and Enh13, were determined. We performed in vitro assays to confirm enhancer activity involved in Sox9 regulation in T. osimensis. RESULTS T. osimensis Enh13 showed enhancer activity when co-transfected with NR5A1 and SOX9. Mouse Enh13 was activated by NR5A1 and SRY; however, T. osimensis Enh13 did not respond to SRY, even though the binding sites of SRY and NR5A1 were conserved. To identify the key sequence that is present in mouse but absent from T. osimensis, we performed reporter gene assays using vectors in which partial sequences of T. osimensis Enh13 were replaced with mouse sequences. For T. osimensis Enh13 in which the second half (approximately 430 bp) was replaced with the corresponding mouse sequence, activity in response to NR5A1 and SRY was recovered. Further, reporter assays revealed that multiple regions in the second half of the mouse Enh13 sequence are required for the response to NR5A1 and SRY. The latter 49 bp was particularly important and contained four binding sites for three transcription factors, POU2F1, HOXA3, and GATA1. CONCLUSION We showed that there are unknown sequences responsible for the interaction between NR5A1 and SRY and mEnh13 based on comparative analyses of Sry-dependent and Sry-independent species. Our comparative analyses revealed new molecular mechanisms underlying mammalian sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Hirata
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shusei Mizushima
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Mitsukawa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kon
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kuroki
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Collaborative Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Diversity Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamichi Jogahara
- Faculty of Law, Economics and Management, Okinawa University, Naha, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asato Kuroiwa
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Parella K, Moody K, Wortel D, Colegrove H, Elser JA. HOXA3 accelerates wound healing in diabetic and aged non-diabetic mammals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9923. [PMID: 37337031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are characterized by a persistent, hyper-inflammatory environment that prevents progression to regenerative wound closure. Such chronic wounds are especially common in diabetic patients, often requiring distal limb amputation, but occur in non-diabetic, elderly patients as well. Induced expression of HoxA3, a member of the Homeobox family of body patterning and master regulatory transcription factors, has been shown to accelerate wound closure in diabetic mice when applied topically as a plasmid encased in a hydrogel. We now provide independent replication of those foundational in vivo diabetic wound closure studies, observing 16% faster healing (3.3 mm wounds vs 3.9 mm wounds at Day 9 post original injury of 6 mm diameter) under treatment with observable microscopic benefits. We then expand upon these findings with minimal dose threshold estimation of 1 μg HoxA3 plasmid delivered topically at a weekly interval. Furthermore, we observed similarities in natural wound healing rates between aged non-diabetic mice and young diabetic mice, which provided motivation to test topical HoxA3 plasmid in aged non-diabetic mice. We observed that HoxA3 treatment achieved complete wound closure (0 mm diameter) at 2 weeks whereas untreated wounds were only 50% closed (3 mm wound diameter). We did not observe any gross adverse effects macroscopically or via histology in these short studies. Whether as a plasmid or future alternative modality, topical HoxA3 is an attractive translational candidate for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Parella
- Ichor Life Sciences Inc, Lafayette, USA
- Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA
| | - K Moody
- Ichor Life Sciences Inc, Lafayette, USA
- Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA
| | - D Wortel
- Ichor Life Sciences Inc, Lafayette, USA
- Clarkson University, Potsdam, USA
| | | | - J A Elser
- Ship of Theseus LLC, Philadelphia, USA.
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7
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Singh SK, Dwivedi SD, Yadav K, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Pradhan M, Singh MR, Singh D. Novel Biotherapeutics Targeting Biomolecular and Cellular Approaches in Diabetic Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020613. [PMID: 36831151 PMCID: PMC9952895 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing responses play a major role in chronic inflammation, which affects millions of people around the world. One of the daunting tasks of creating a wound-healing drug is finding equilibrium in the inflammatory cascade. In this study, the molecular and cellular mechanisms to regulate wound healing are explained, and recent research is addressed that demonstrates the molecular and cellular events during diabetic wound healing. Moreover, a range of factors or agents that facilitate wound healing have also been investigated as possible targets for successful treatment. It also summarises the various advances in research findings that have revealed promising molecular targets in the fields of therapy and diagnosis of cellular physiology and pathology of wound healing, such as neuropeptides, substance P, T cell immune response cDNA 7, miRNA, and treprostinil growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, including thymosin beta 4, and immunomodulators as major therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kumar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Sarona, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Gracious College of Pharmacy Abhanpur Raipur, Village-Belbhata, Taluka, Abhanpur 493661, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
- Correspondence:
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8
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Chen J, Qin S, Liu S, Zhong K, Jing Y, Wu X, Peng F, Li D, Peng C. Targeting matrix metalloproteases in diabetic wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1089001. [PMID: 36875064 PMCID: PMC9981633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1089001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation participates in the progression of multiple chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and DM related complications. Diabetic ulcer, characterized by chronic wounds that are recalcitrant to healing, is a serious complication of DM tremendously affecting the quality of life of patients and imposing a costly medical burden on society. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases with the capacity of degrading all the components of the extracellular matrix, which play a pivotal part in healing process under various conditions including DM. During diabetic wound healing, the dynamic changes of MMPs in the serum, skin tissues, and wound fluid of patients are in connection with the degree of wound recovery, suggesting that MMPs can function as essential biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic ulcer. MMPs participate in various biological processes relevant to diabetic ulcer, such as ECM secretion, granulation tissue configuration, angiogenesis, collagen growth, re-epithelization, inflammatory response, as well as oxidative stress, thus, seeking and developing agents targeting MMPs has emerged as a potential way to treat diabetic ulcer. Natural products especially flavonoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, polypeptides, and estrogens extracted from herbs, vegetables, as well as animals that have been extensively illustrated to treat diabetic ulcer through targeting MMPs-mediated signaling pathways, are discussed in this review and may contribute to the development of functional foods or drug candidates for diabetic ulcer therapy. This review highlights the regulation of MMPs in diabetic wound healing, and the potential therapeutic ability of natural products for diabetic wound healing by targeting MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Fu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Pharmacology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Niebergall-Roth E, Frank NY, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Skin-Derived ABCB5 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells for High-Medical-Need Inflammatory Diseases: From Discovery to Entering Clinical Routine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:66. [PMID: 36613507 PMCID: PMC9820160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette superfamily member ABCB5 identifies a subset of skin-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that exhibit potent immunomodulatory and wound healing-promoting capacities along with superior homing ability. The ABCB5+ MSCs can be easily accessed from discarded skin samples, expanded, and delivered as a highly homogenous medicinal product with standardized potency. A range of preclinical studies has suggested therapeutic efficacy of ABCB5+ MSCs in a variety of currently uncurable skin and non-skin inflammatory diseases, which has been substantiated thus far by distinct clinical trials in chronic skin wounds or recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, skin-derived ABCB5+ MSCs have the potential to provide a breakthrough at the forefront of MSC-based therapies striving to fulfill current unmet medical needs. The most recent milestones in this regard are the approval of a phase III pivotal trial of ABCB5+ MSCs for treatment of recessive dystrophic and junctional epidermolysis bullosa by the US Food and Drug Administration, and national market access of ABCB5+ MSCs (AMESANAR®) for therapy-refractory chronic venous ulcers under the national hospital exemption pathway in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Y. Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus H. Frank
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Mark A. Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Howard AGA, Uribe RA. Hox proteins as regulators of extracellular matrix interactions during neural crest migration. Differentiation 2022; 128:26-32. [PMID: 36228422 PMCID: PMC10802151 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging during embryogenesis, the neural crest are a migratory, transient population of multipotent stem cell that differentiates into various cell types in vertebrates. Neural crest cells arise along the anterior-posterior extent of the neural tube, delaminate and migrate along routes to their final destinations. The factors that orchestrate how neural crest cells undergo delamination and their subsequent sustained migration is not fully understood. This review provides a primer about neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with a special emphasis on the role of the Extracellular matrix (ECM), cellular effector proteins of EMT, and subsequent migration. We also summarize published findings that link the expression of Hox transcription factors to EMT and ECM modification, thereby implicating Hox factors in regulation of EMT and ECM remodeling during neural crest cell ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey G A Howard
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Rosa A Uribe
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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11
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Guo Q, Huang L, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Chen G, Bai H, Chang G. Identification of Genes Associated with Crest Cushion Development in the Chinese Crested Duck. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2150. [PMID: 36009740 PMCID: PMC9404885 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crest trait is a specific and widely distributed phenotype in birds. However, the shape and function vary in different species of birds. To understand the mechanism of crest formation, the present study used RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the crest-cushion-associated genes in the Chinese crested (CC) duck. As a result, 28, 40, 32, 33, and 126 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CC and cherry valley (CV) ducks at the embryonic days (E)15, E22, E28, D7 (7 days old), and D42 stages, respectively. In addition, the results of WGCNA show that 3697 (turquoise module), 485 (green-yellow module), 687 (brown module), 205 (red module), and 1070 (yellow module) hub genes were identified in the E15, E22, E28, D7, and D42 stages, respectively. Based on the results of DEGs and WGCNA Venn analysis, three, two, zero, one, and seven genes were found to be associated with crest cushion formation at the E15, E22, E28, D7, and D42 stages, respectively. The expression of all the associated genes and some DEGs was verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, this study provided an approach revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the crested trait development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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12
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Xie HM, Bernt KM. HOXA Amplification Defines a Genetically Distinct Subset of Angiosarcomas. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081124. [PMID: 36009018 PMCID: PMC9406048 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare, devastating malignancy with few curative options for disseminated disease. We analyzed a recently published genomic data set of 48 angiosarcomas and noticed recurrent amplifications of HOXA-cluster genes in 33% of patients. HOXA genes are master regulators of embryonic vascular development and adult neovascularization, which provides a molecular rationale to suspect that amplified HOXA genes act as oncogenes in angiosarcoma. HOXA amplifications typically affected multiple pro-angiogenic HOXA genes and co-occurred with amplifications of CD36 and KDR, whereas the overall mutation rate in these tumors was relatively low. HOXA amplifications were found most commonly in angiosarcomas located in the breast and were rare in angiosarcomas arising in sun-exposed areas on the head, neck, face and scalp. Our data suggest that HOXA-amplified angiosarcoma is a distinct molecular subgroup. Efforts to develop therapies targeting oncogenic HOX gene expression in AML and other sarcomas may have relevance for HOXA-amplified angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo M. Xie
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3064, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics (DBHI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathrin M. Bernt
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, CTRB 3064, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-370-3171
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13
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Al Sadoun H. Macrophage Phenotypes in Normal and Diabetic Wound Healing and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:2430. [PMID: 35954275 PMCID: PMC9367932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage differentiation and polarization are essential players in the success of the wound-healing process. Acute simple wounds progress from inflammation to proliferation/regeneration and, finally, to remodeling. In injured skin, macrophages either reside in the epithelium or are recruited from monocytes. Their main role is supported by their plasticity, which allows them to adopt different phenotypic states, such as the M1-inflammatory state, in which they produce TNF and NO, and the M2-reparative state, in which they resolve inflammation and exhibit a reparative function. Reparative macrophages are an essential source of growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF and are not found in nonhealing wounds. This review discusses the differences between macrophage phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, how macrophages originate, and how they cross-communicate with other cellular components in a wound. This review also highlights the dysregulation of macrophages that occurs in nonhealing versus overhealing wounds and fibrosis. Then, the therapeutic manipulation of macrophages is presented as an attractive strategy for promoting healing through the secretion of growth factors for angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and collagen production. Finally, Hoxa3 overexpression is discussed as an example of the therapeutic repolarization of macrophages to the normal maturation state and phenotype with better healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; ; Tel.: +966-(12)-6400000 (ext. 24277)
- Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Zhu Q, Hu S, He Y, Qiu C, Chen T, He Y, Wu Z, Tian L, Shang T, Xiang Y, Zhang H, Li D. Nuclear Factor Kappa-B/Homeobox A9-Mediated Modulation of Leucine-Rich Repeat Flightless-Interacting Protein 1 Is Involved in Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:311-320. [PMID: 33882503 DOI: 10.1159/000515177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases begins with endothelial dysfunction. Our previous study has shown that advanced glycation end products (AGE) could inhibit the expression of homeobox A9 (Hoxa9), thereby inducing endothelial dysfunction. Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1) has been found to participate in a variety of pathological processes, but reports of its role in endothelial dysfunction are rare. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate whether LRRFIP1 is involved in AGE-induced endothelial dysfunction through Hoxa9-mediated transcriptional activation. METHODS Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect the transcriptional regulation of Hoxa9 on LRRFIP1 promoters. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with AGE or pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB] inhibitor). Moreover, changes in apoptosis, proliferation, migration, release of nitric oxide, and angiogenesis were detected. RESULTS Hoxa9 promotes LRRFIP1 expression by binding to the -LRRFIP1 promoter. Meanwhile, overexpression of LRRFIP1 inhibited phosphorylation of P65 and elevated expression of Hoxa9. Overexpression of LRRFIP1 or/and Hoxa9 reversed the effects of AGE on HUVEC. AGE-induced inhibition on the expression of LRRFIP1 and Hoxa9 could be reversed by the NF-κB inhibitor. CONCLUSION LRRFIP1 is involved in AGE-induced endothelial dysfunction via being regulated by the NF-κB/Hoxa9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songjie Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yunjun He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianchi Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyan He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Shang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilang Xiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongkun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Di Santo MC, Alaimo A, Acebedo SL, Spagnuolo C, Pozner R, Pérez OE. Biological responses induced by high molecular weight chitosan administrated jointly with Platelet-derived Growth Factors in different mammalian cell lines. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:953-967. [PMID: 32423872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied cellular responses known to be involved in tissue regeneration, such as proliferation, migration and tubulogenesis under High Molecular Weight Chitosan (HMWC) and recombinant Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) treatments using an in vitro cell culture approach. We also analysed changes in mitochondrial dynamics that could be associated with such biological responses. For this proposes, endothelial human cell lines (EA.hy926 and ECFC) and 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts were used. The intracellular uptake of HMWC and their co-localization with acidic compartments were evaluated. Our results show that HMWC enhance PDGF-induced proliferation and cell migration in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. An increase in PDGF-induced mitochondrial fragmentation was observed in 3T3-L1 cell line, but not in EA.hy926 cells, after the addition of HMWC. Endothelial cells, EA.hy926 and ECFC, potentiate their tubulogenesis capacity with the only addition of HMWC. The HMWC/PDGF-BB treatment notably enhanced tubule formation showing a synergistic effect when act combined in cell culture medium. The knowledge of these cellular responses can be used to design new tissue repair strategies using HMWC and PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carolina Di Santo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Alaimo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sofía Lorena Acebedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla Spagnuolo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roberto Pozner
- Laboratorio Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Edgardo Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Alrdahe S, Al Sadoun H, Torbica T, McKenzie EA, Bowling FL, Boulton AJM, Mace KA. Dysregulation of macrophage development and phenotype in diabetic human macrophages can be rescued by Hoxa3 protein transduction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223980. [PMID: 31626638 PMCID: PMC6799902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled inflammatory responses of myeloid cells recruited to wounds are essential for effective repair. In diabetes, the inflammatory response is prolonged and augmented over time, with increased myeloid cells present in the wound that fail to switch from a pro-inflammatory phenotype to a pro-healing phenotype. These defects lead to delayed angiogenesis and tissue repair and regeneration, and contribute to chronic wound formation. In mouse models of diabetes, this aberrant phenotype is partially mediated by stable intrinsic changes to the developing myeloid cells in the bone marrow, affecting their maturation and polarization potential. Previous studies have shown that freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients are more inflammatory than non-diabetic counterparts. However, the phenotype of macrophages from human diabetic patients has not been well characterized. Here we show that diabetic-derived human macrophages cultured for 6 days in vitro maintain a pro-inflammatory priming and hyperpolarize to a pro-inflammatory phenotype when stimulated with LPS and INF-ɣ or TNF. In addition, diabetic-derived macrophages show maturation defects associated with reduced expression of the RUNX1 transcription factor that promotes myeloid cell development. Targeting intrinsic defects in myeloid cells by protein transduction of the Hoxa3 transcription factor can rescue some inflammation and maturation defects in human macrophages from diabetic patients via upregulation of Runx1. In addition, Hoxa3 can modulate the levels of p65/NF-κB and histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase activity, as well as inhibit acetylation of the TNF promoter. Altogether, these results show a link between myeloid cell maturation and inflammatory responses, and that diabetes induces intrinsic changes to human myeloid cells that are maintained over time, as well as potentially therapeutic Hoxa3-mediated mechanisms of controlling the inflammatory response in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/analysis
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alrdahe
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medical Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanja Torbica
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A. McKenzie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Frank L. Bowling
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. M. Boulton
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly A. Mace
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Yang Z, Jiang S, Shang J, Jiang Y, Dai Y, Xu B, Yu Y, Liang Z, Yang Y. LncRNA: Shedding light on mechanisms and opportunities in fibrosis and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:17-31. [PMID: 30954650 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is universally observed in multiple aging-related diseases and progressions and is characterized by excess accumulation of the extracellular matrix. Fibrosis occurs in various human organs and eventually results in organ failure. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as essential regulators of cellular signaling and relevant human diseases. In particular, the enigmatic class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is a kind of noncoding RNA that is longer than 200 nucleotides and does not possess protein coding ability. LncRNAs have been identified to exert both promotive and inhibitory effects on the multifaceted processes of fibrosis. A growing body of studies has revealed that lncRNAs are involved in fibrosis in various organs, including the liver, heart, lung, and kidney. As lncRNAs have been increasingly identified, they have become promising targets for anti-fibrosis therapies. This review systematically highlights the recent advances regarding the roles of lncRNAs in fibrosis and sheds light on the use of lncRNAs as a potential treatment for fibrosis.
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18
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Sun W, Li S, Yu Y, Jin H, Xie Q, Hua X, Wang S, Tian Z, Zhang H, Jiang G, Huang C, Huang H. MicroRNA-3648 Is Upregulated to Suppress TCF21, Resulting in Promotion of Invasion and Metastasis of Human Bladder Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:519-530. [PMID: 31071528 PMCID: PMC6506626 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known for their potential in cancer, the function and mechanisms of miR-3648 have barely been explored in any type of cancer. We show here that miR-3648 is upregulated in human BC tissues in comparison with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Functional studies showed that inhibition of miR-3648 expression in the human invasive BC UMUC3 and T24T cell lines decreased migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed lung metastasis in vivo, whereas miR-3648 overexpression promoted BC cell migration and invasion. A bioinformatics screen and mRNA 3' UTR luciferase reporter assay showed that transcription factor 21 (TCF21) was a direct target of miR-3648, and the results obtained from using a miR-3648 inhibitor revealed that miR-3648 inhibited TCF21 protein expression by reduction of its mRNA stability. Further, Kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) was identified as a TCF21 downstream effector responsible for miR-3648-mediated BC invasion and lung metastasis. Collectively, the present results suggest that miR-3648 is overexpressed and plays an oncogenic role in mediation of BC invasion and metastasis through directing the TCF21/KISS1 axis, revealing miR-3648 as a potential biomarker for BC prognosis and a target for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Xi'an GaoXin Hospital, Shannxi, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Shi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Huxiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 431 East 25(th) Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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19
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He C, Chen ZY, Li Y, Yang ZQ, Zeng F, Cui Y, He Y, Chen JB, Chen HQ. miR-10b suppresses cell invasion and metastasis through targeting HOXA3 regulated by FAK/YAP signaling pathway in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:127. [PMID: 30975094 PMCID: PMC6458703 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs have been related to tumor progression in diverse human cancers including clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Previous study has suggested the important regulation function of miR-10b in ccRCC. However, the direct target of miR-10b in ccRCC and the related molecular mechanisms has not yet been revealed. Methods miR-10b and HOXA3 was detected by qRT-PCR. MTT, colony formation assay, wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities in ccRCC. Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the protein expression of HOXA3, YAP, FAK and MMP-9. Dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to measure potential molecular mechanism of miR-10b in ccRCC. Results miR-10b was down-regulated in 786-O and A498 cells as compared to renal tubular HK-2 cells. By contrast, HOXA3 and YAP was up-regulated in ccRCC cells and tissues. Functionally, knockdown of YAP inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Knockdown of FAK downregulated YAP, in turn, resulted in a decrease of HOXA3 expression. Mechanically, miR-10b targets HOXA3 to exert its tumor-suppressive effect on ccRCC in vitro. Conclusions These novel data suggest that miR-10b suppresses cell invasion and metastasis through targeting HOXA3, which partially passed through the FAK/YAP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Qun Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Huang L, Ying H, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Gu Y, Hu L, Chen D, Zhong N. Down-regulation of DKK1 and Wnt1/β-catenin pathway by increased homeobox B7 resulted in cell differentiation suppression of intrauterine fetal growth retardation in human placenta. Placenta 2019; 80:27-35. [PMID: 31103063 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the influence of homeobox B7 (HoxB7) on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human trophoblast cells and to reveal the down-regulation of HoxB7 on the transcriptional suppression of Dick Kopf-related protein1 (DKK1) and of Cysteine-rich glycosylated wingless protein 1 (Wnt1)/β-catenin in intrauterine fetal growth retardation (FGR). METHODS Quantitative measurement of HoxB7, DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin was performed in human placentas collected from normal pregnancies and from FGR with quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cultured HTR-8/SVneo cells, transfected with a lentiviral plasmid that in-frame expresses human HoxB7 gene, were applied to functional assessment to study the biological impact of HoxB7 gene on DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin. Counting Kit-8, Transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry were applied for the functional measurements. RESULTS The expression of HoxB7 was significantly increased, and of DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin was decreased, in FGR placenta tissues and in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Function studies revealed that overexpression of HoxB7 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in HTR-8/SVneo cells. DKK1, Wnt1, and β-catenin were down-regulated in HTR-8/SVneo cells, inversely correlated with HoxB7 expression. Overexpression of HoxB7 showed a suppressive effect on proliferation, migration, and invasion in the HTR-8/SVneo cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HoxB7 inhibited human trophoblast cell differentiation by down-regulating DKK1 expression and that it may affect transcription of Wnt1/β-catenin. The activation of HoxB7 might suppress the cell differentiation in HTR-8/SVneo cell cultures. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of FGR by regulating the invasion and proliferation of trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 536 Changle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Yun Long Zhu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Ying Gu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lingqing Hu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China.
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaishuxiang Road, Chong an Street, Wuxi, 214002, China; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA.
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21
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Ruiz-Llorente L, McDonald J, Wooderchak-Donahue W, Briggs E, Chesnutt M, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Bernabeu C. Characterization of a family mutation in the 5' untranslated region of the endoglin gene causative of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:333-339. [PMID: 30728427 PMCID: PMC8075931 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular disease characterized by nose and gastrointestinal bleeding, telangiectases in skin and mucosa, and arteriovenous malformations in major internal organs. Most patients carry a mutation in the coding region of the endoglin (ENG) or activin A receptor type II-1 (ACVRL1) gene. Nonetheless, in around 15% of patients, sequencing analysis and duplication/deletion tests fail to pinpoint mutations in the coding regions of these genes. In these cases, it has been shown that sequencing of the 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) of ENG may be useful to identify novel mutations in the ENG non-coding region. Here we report the genetic characterization and functional analysis of the heterozygous mutation c.-142A>T in the 5’UTR region of ENG found in a family with several members affected by HHT. This variant gives rise to a new initiation codon of the protein that involves the change in its open reading frame. Transfection studies in monkey cells using endoglin expression vectors demonstrated that c-142A>T mutation results in a clear reduction in the levels of the endoglin protein. These results support the inclusion of the 5’UTR of ENG in the standard genetic testing for HHT to increase its sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Llorente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jamie McDonald
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Whitney Wooderchak-Donahue
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric Briggs
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Chesnutt
- Departments of Medicine and Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, and Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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22
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Torbica T, Wicks K, Umehara T, Gungordu L, Alrdahe S, Wemyss K, Grainger JR, Mace KA. Chronic Inflammation in Response to Injury: Retention of Myeloid Cells in Injured Tissue Is Driven by Myeloid Cell Intrinsic Factors. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1583-1592. [PMID: 30703358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of impaired healing in a plethora of tissues, including skin, and is associated with aging and diseases such as diabetes. Diabetic chronic skin wounds are characterized by excessive myeloid cells that display an aberrant phenotype, partially mediated by stable intrinsic changes induced during hematopoietic development. However, the relative contribution of myeloid cell-intrinsic factors to chronic inflammation versus aberrant signals from the local environmental was unknown. Moreover, identification of myeloid cell intrinsic factors that contribute to chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds remained elusive. Here we show that Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells are retained specifically within the presumptive granulation tissue region of the wound at a higher density in diabetic mice and associate with endothelial cells at the site of injury with a higher frequency than in nondiabetic mice. Adoptive transfer of myeloid cells demonstrated that aberrant wound retention is due to myeloid cell intrinsic factors and not the local environment. RNA sequencing of bone marrow and wound-derived myeloid cells identified Selplg as a myeloid cell intrinsic factor that is deregulated in chronic wounds. In vivo blockade of this protein significantly accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice and may be a potential therapeutic target in chronic wounds and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Torbica
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Wicks
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Takahiro Umehara
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lale Gungordu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Salma Alrdahe
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kelly Wemyss
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John R Grainger
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kimberly A Mace
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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23
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Neural Transcription Factors in Disease Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:437-462. [PMID: 31900920 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression to the malignant state is fundamentally dependent on transcriptional regulation in cancer cells. Optimum abundance of cell cycle proteins, angiogenesis factors, immune evasion markers, etc. is needed for proliferation, metastasis or resistance to treatment. Therefore, dysregulation of transcription factors can compromise the normal prostate transcriptional network and contribute to malignant disease progression.The androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be a key transcription factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Consequently, androgen pathway inhibitors (APIs) are currently the mainstay in PCa treatment, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, emerging evidence suggests that with increased administration of potent APIs, prostate cancer can progress to a highly aggressive disease that morphologically resembles small cell carcinoma, which is referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), treatment-induced or treatment-emergent small cell prostate cancer. This chapter will review how neuronal transcription factors play a part in inducing a plastic stage in prostate cancer cells that eventually progresses to a more aggressive state such as NEPC.
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24
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Lin X, Jiang T, Bai J, Li J, Wang T, Xiao J, Tian Y, Jin X, Shao T, Xu J, Chen L, Wang L, Li Y. Characterization of Transcriptome Transition Associates Long Noncoding RNAs with Glioma Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:620-632. [PMID: 30472640 PMCID: PMC6251785 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in cancer biogenesis and prognosis. However, we still lack knowledge on their function during glioma progression. In this study, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profile across 907 glioma patients in grades II, III, and IV. Widespread dynamic expression of lncRNAs during glioma progression was revealed, and we identified 33 onco-lncRNAs and 61 tumor suppressor lncRNAs. We found that the expression of these oncogenic lncRNAs is regulated by grade-specific expressed transcription factors. Based on the “guilt by association” rule, we predicted the potential functions of oncogenic lncRNAs, and the majority of these lncRNAs are involved in cancer hallmarks. Especially we found that CARD8-AS1 regulates the metastatic potential of glioma cell lines in vitro. Integrating clinical information, we identified the 12 protective and 8 risk lncRNAs (such as PWAR6 and CARD8-AS1) in glioma. Finally, an lncRNA-gene functional module was identified to be associated with the survival of patients. The predictive ability of this module signature was further validated in an independent dataset. Our results revealed the dynamic transcriptome transition during glioma progression, indicating that the lncRNA signature could be a useful biomarker that may improve upon our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tiantongfei Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Junyi Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Yi Tian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Xiyun Jin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Lingchao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
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25
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LncRNAs in TGF-β-Driven Tissue Fibrosis. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:ncrna4040026. [PMID: 30287731 PMCID: PMC6315857 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a crucial mediator in tissue fibrosis that promotes accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), myofibroblasts to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), and apoptosis via canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. In the past decades, a number of microRNAs have been reported to participate in TGF-β-mediated tissue scarring; however, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in fibrogenesis remain largely unknown. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that lncRNAs are involved in the development of different diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current updates of lncRNAs in TGF-β1-driven tissue fibrosis and discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic fibrotic diseases.
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26
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Lv X, Geng Z, Fan Z, Wang S, Pei W, Chen H. A PDMS Device Coupled with Culture Dish for In Vitro Cell Migration Assay. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:633-643. [PMID: 29707732 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion are important factors during tumor progression and metastasis. Wound-healing assay and the Boyden chamber assay are efficient tools to investigate tumor development because both of them could be applied to measure cell migration rate. Therefore, a simple and integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device was developed for cell migration assay, which could perform quantitative evaluation of cell migration behaviors, especially for the wound-healing assay. The integrated device was composed of three units, which included cell culture dish, PDMS chamber, and wound generation mold. The PDMS chamber was integrated with cell culture chamber and could perform six experiments under different conditions of stimuli simultaneously. To verify the function of this device, it was utilized to explore the tumor cell migration behaviors under different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) at different time points. This device has the unique capability to create the "wound" area in parallel during cell migration assay and provides a simple and efficient platform for investigating cell migration assay in biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoxin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China. .,School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of crystal materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - WeiHua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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27
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou J, Gao W, Xuan X, Yang X, Yang D, Tian Z, Ni B, Tang J. Critical effects of long non-coding RNA on fibrosis diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e428. [PMID: 29350677 PMCID: PMC5799794 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. LncRNAs were also recently recognized as functional regulators of fibrosis, which is a secondary process in many of these diseases and a primary pathology in fibrosis diseases. We review the latest findings on lncRNAs in fibrosis diseases of the liver, myocardium, kidney, lung and peritoneum. We also discuss the potential of disease-related lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of human fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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28
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Zhang X, Liu G, Ding L, Jiang T, Shao S, Gao Y, Lu Y. HOXA3 promotes tumor growth of human colon cancer through activating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2864-2874. [PMID: 29073728 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox A3 (HOXA3), one of HOX transcription factors, regulates gene expression during embryonic development. HOXA3 expression has been reported to be associated with several cancers; however, its role in colon cancer and underlying mechanism are still unclear. The expression of HOXA3 in 232 paired of human colon tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissues were measured by qPCR. The relationship between HOXA3 expression and clinical outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves analysis. Human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HTC116 were transfected with HOXA3 siRNA, or HOXA3 expressing vector, and then cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Moreover, HOXA3-overexpressing and HOXA3-suppressing HT29 cells were subcutaneous injected into nod mice to confirm the regulation of HOXA3 on EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in regulating tumor growth. HOXA3 was upregulated in colon tumor tissues and cell lines, and upregulated expression of HOXA3 was associated with low survival rate. Knockdown of HOXA3 suppressed cell viability and clone formation, while induced cell apoptosis. HOXA3 knockdown could not induce the increase of cell apoptosis on the condition of EGFR overexpression. In vivo xenograft studies, HOXA3-suppressing cells showed less tumorigenic. Moreover, HOXA3 knockdown suppressed the activation of EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. To conclude, this study indicated that HOXA3 might act as a promoter of human colon cancer formation by regulating EGFR/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. HOXA3 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Outpatient, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Office of Medical Safety Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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29
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Kamkar F, Xaymardan M, Asli NS. Hox-Mediated Spatial and Temporal Coding of Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Neoplasia. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 25:1282-9. [PMID: 27462829 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hox genes are fundamental components of embryonic patterning and morphogenesis with expression persisting into adulthood. They are also implicated in the development of diseases, particularly neoplastic transformations. The tight spatio-temporal regulation of Hox genes in concordance with embryonic patterning is an outstanding feature of these genes. In this review we have systematically analyzed Hox functions within the stem/progenitor cell compartments and asked whether their temporo-spatial topography is retained within the stem cell domain throughout development and adulthood. In brief, evidence support involvement of Hox genes at several levels along the stem cell hierarchy, including positional identity, stem cell self-renewal, and differentiation. There is also strong evidence to suggest a role for Hox genes during neoplasia. Although fundamental questions are yet to be addressed through more targeted and high- throughput approaches, existing evidence suggests a central role for Hox genes within a continuum along the developmental axes persisting into adult homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kamkar
- 1 Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa , Ontario, Canada
| | - Munira Xaymardan
- 2 Discipline of Life Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney , Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Naisana S Asli
- 2 Discipline of Life Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney , Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
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30
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Holstlaw TA, Mahomed M, Brier LW, Young DM, Boudreau NJ, Jackson WM. Biopolymer Molecular Weight Can Modulate the Wound Healing Efficacy of Multivalent Sonic Hedgehog-Hyaluronic Acid Conjugates. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2350-2359. [PMID: 28679037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for new therapeutics to improve healing of chronic impaired wounds. Thus, we investigated how biopolymer conjugation could be used to improve the wound healing performance of a key growth factor for tissue regeneration: Sonic hedgehog (Shh). We generated two multivalent Shh conjugates (mvShh) using hyaluronic acid with two different MWs, which exhibited equivalent potency and proteolytic protection in vitro. Using db/db diabetic mice, we showed that mvShh made with smaller HyA MW resulted in more rapid and robust neovascularization compared to mvShh made with larger MW HyA. Further, smaller mvShh conjugates resulted in faster wound resolution compared to the unconjugated Shh. This study is the first to show how the wound healing efficacy of multivalent protein-polymer conjugates is sensitive to the polymer MW, and our findings suggest that this parameter could be used to enhance the efficacy of growth factor conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia W Brier
- Valitor, Inc. Berkeley, California 94710, United States
| | - David M Young
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Nancy J Boudreau
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California 94110, United States
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31
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Zhu QQ, Li DL, He YY, Wu ZH, Tian L, Zheng CF, Zhang N, Zhang HK. Advanced Glycation End-Products Downregulate HoxA9EC through Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B by Reciprocal Interaction. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:226-234. [DOI: 10.1159/000477630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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32
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Xie Q, Liu D, Yu M, Wu X, Zhao Y, Hu Q, Wang Q. Homeobox B9 facilitates hypertrophic scar formation via activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1669-1676. [PMID: 28656236 PMCID: PMC5562094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions and underlying mechanisms of homeobox B9 (HOXB9) in scar formation remain unclear; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether HOXB9 is highly expressed in hypertrophic scar formation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression levels of laminin, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col1) and HOXB9 in hypertrophic scar and healthy skin tissues, and in lentivirus‑constructed HOXB9‑overexpressed or ‑silenced fibroblasts (FBs). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXB9, laminin, FN, Col1, extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), p38, p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK), p‑ERK and p‑p38. A gel contraction assay was used to evaluate the effect of HOXB9 on FB contraction. Co‑immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the reciprocal interactions between HOXB9 and ERK, JNK and p38. It was demonstrated that HOXB9, laminin, FN and Col1 were upregulated in hypertrophic scar tissues, and HOXB9 upregulated laminin, FN, Col1, p‑ERK, p‑JNK and p38, potentially by interacting directly with p38. Furthermore, FBs overexpressing HOXB9 exhibited enhanced contractile capacity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HOXB9 may facilitate hypertrophic scar formation via activating the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Mosheng Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yueqiang Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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33
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Bertero T, Rezzonico R, Pottier N, Mari B. Impact of MicroRNAs in the Cellular Response to Hypoxia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:91-158. [PMID: 28729029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, hypoxia, or inadequate oxygen availability, regulates the expression of a specific set of MicroRNAs (MiRNAs), termed "hypoxamiRs." Over the past 10 years, the appreciation of the importance of hypoxamiRs in regulating the cellular adaptation to hypoxia has grown dramatically. At the cellular level, each hypoxamiR, including the master hypoxamiR MiR-210, can simultaneously regulate expression of multiple target genes in order to fine-tune the adaptive response of cells to hypoxia. This review addresses the complex molecular regulation of MiRNAs in both physiological and pathological conditions of low oxygen adaptation and the multiple functions of hypoxamiRs in various hypoxia-associated biological processes, including apoptosis, survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metabolism. From a clinical perspective, we also discuss the potential use of hypoxamiRs as new biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets in cancer and aging-associated diseases including cardiovascular and fibroproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, FHU-OncoAge, Nice, France
| | - Roger Rezzonico
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, FHU-OncoAge, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
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Li Y, Li H, Xie N, Chen R, Lee AR, Slater D, Lye S, Dong X. HoxA10 and HoxA11 Regulate the Expression of Contraction-Associated Proteins and Contribute to Regionalized Myometrium Phenotypes in Women. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:44-50. [PMID: 28372536 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117699706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A relaxed fundus (FUN) and a contracted lower uterine segment (LUS) of human myometrium are required for maintaining pregnancy. How this regional myometrium function is regulated remains unclear. We have previously reported that the homeobox protein A13 (HoxA13) is highly expressed in the LUS and can enhance the expression of contraction-associated proteins (CAPs). Here, we show that in contrast to HoxA13, HoxA10 and HoxA11 genes are expressed at significantly higher levels in myometrium tissues and primary myocytes from the FUN. When introduced exogenously into a human myometrial cell line, HoxA10 and HoxA11 suppress the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of several CAP genes including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, connexin 43 (Cx43), and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2). Consistently, enhanced HoxA10 and HoxA11 expressions strongly inhibited IL-1β and Cx43 protein levels. We further confirmed that higher expression of HoxA10 and HoxA11 genes in primary myocytes from the FUN compared to that from the LUS was associated with lower expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Cox2, and Cx43 genes. We conclude that the expression patterns of HoxA10, HoxA11, and HoxA13 and their actions in regulating CAP genes in FUN and LUS create regionalized myometrium phenotypes in women that may be important to control regionalized myometrium contractility for maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Li
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haolong Li
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ning Xie
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ahn Rhi Lee
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna Slater
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- 1 Department of Urologic Sciences, The Vancouver prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Large-scale gene network analysis reveals the significance of extracellular matrix pathway and homeobox genes in acute myeloid leukemia: an introduction to the Pigengene package and its applications. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:16. [PMID: 28298217 PMCID: PMC5353782 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distinct types of hematological malignancies have different biological mechanisms and prognoses. For instance, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is generally indolent and low risk; however, it may transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is much more aggressive. METHODS We develop a novel network analysis approach that uses expression of eigengenes to delineate the biological differences between these two diseases. RESULTS We find that specific genes in the extracellular matrix pathway are underexpressed in AML. We validate this finding in three ways: (a) We train our model on a microarray dataset of 364 cases and test it on an RNA Seq dataset of 74 cases. Our model showed 95% sensitivity and 86% specificity in the training dataset and showed 98% sensitivity and 91% specificity in the test dataset. This confirms that the identified biological signatures are independent from the expression profiling technology and independent from the training dataset. (b) Immunocytochemistry confirms that MMP9, an exemplar protein in the extracellular matrix, is underexpressed in AML. (c) MMP9 is hypermethylated in the majority of AML cases (n=194, Welch's t-test p-value <10-138), which complies with its low expression in AML. Our novel network analysis approach is generalizable and useful in studying other complex diseases (e.g., breast cancer prognosis). We implement our methodology in the Pigengene software package, which is publicly available through Bioconductor. CONCLUSIONS Eigengenes define informative biological signatures that are robust with respect to expression profiling technology. These signatures provide valuable information about the underlying biology of diseases, and they are useful in predicting diagnosis and prognosis.
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Al Sadoun H, Burgess M, Hentges KE, Mace KA. Enforced Expression of Hoxa3 Inhibits Classical and Promotes Alternative Activation of Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:872-84. [PMID: 27342843 PMCID: PMC4947829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulated differentiation of macrophages (mφs) and their subsequent activation into proinflammatory or prohealing subtypes is critical for efficient wound healing. Chronic wounds such as diabetic (db) ulcers are associated with dysregulation of macrophage function. Whereas non-db mφs polarize to an M2-like, prohealing phenotype during the late stages of healing, db-derived mφs continue to display an M1-like, proinflammatory, or a mixed M1-like/M2-like phenotype. We have previously shown that sustained expression of Hoxa3 reduces the excessive number of leukocytes within the db wound; however, the effect of Hoxa3 on mφ polarization was unknown. In this study, we show that Hoxa3 protein transduction of mφs in vitro enhances macrophage maturation, inhibits M1 polarization, and promotes M2 polarization, in part via regulation of Pu.1/Spi1 and Stat6. Sustained expression of Hoxa3 in vivo in db wounds reduces the number of Nos2(+) (M1-like) mφs, increases the number of Arg1(+) and VEGF(+) (M2-like) mφs, and accelerates healing in a DNA-binding independent manner. Our findings suggest a role for Hox protein activity in promoting M1-to-M2-like phenotypic switching via interactions with myeloid transcription factors and provide insight into mechanisms regulating this process in db wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Burgess
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Hentges
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly A Mace
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Han BW, Layman H, Rode NA, Conway A, Schaffer DV, Boudreau NJ, Jackson WM, Healy KE. Multivalent Conjugates of Sonic Hedgehog Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 21:2366-78. [PMID: 26154888 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their preclinical promise, few recombinant growth factors have been fully developed into effective therapies, in part, due to the short interval of therapeutic activity after administration. To address this problem, we developed nanoscale polymer conjugates for multivalent presentation of therapeutic proteins that enhance the activation of targeted cellular responses. As an example of this technology, we conjugated multiple Sonic hedgehog (Shh) proteins onto individual hyaluronic acid biopolymers to generate multivalent protein clusters at defined ratios (i.e., valencies) that yield enhanced Shh pathway activation at equivalent concentrations relative to unconjugated Shh. In this study, we investigated whether these multivalent conjugates (mvShh) could be used to improve the therapeutic function of Shh. We found that a single treatment with mvShh significantly accelerated the closure of full-thickness wounds in diabetic (db/db) mice compared to either an equivalent dose of unconjugated Shh or the vehicle control. Furthermore, we identified specific indicators of wound healing in fibroblasts and endothelial cells (i.e., transcriptional activation and cell migration) that were activated by mvShh in vitro and at concentrations approximately an order of magnitude lower than the unconjugated Shh. Taken together, our findings suggest that mvShh conjugates exhibit greater potency to activate the Shh pathway, and this multivalency advantage improves its therapeutic effect to accelerate wound closure in a diabetic animal model. Our strategy of multivalent protein presentation using nanoscale polymer conjugates has the potential to make a significant impact on the development of protein-based therapies by improving their in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce W Han
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Hans Layman
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Nikhil A Rode
- 3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Anthony Conway
- 4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - David V Schaffer
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California.,4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Nancy J Boudreau
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Wesley M Jackson
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
| | - Kevin E Healy
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California.,3 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California
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Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3861-85. [PMID: 27180275 PMCID: PMC5021733 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly restore the integrity of a broken skin barrier is critical and is the ultimate goal of therapies for hard-to-heal-ulcers. Unfortunately effective treatments to enhance healing and reduce scarring are still lacking. A deeper understanding of the physiology of normal repair and of the pathology of delayed healing is a prerequisite for the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. Transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase is a key step during healing and accumulating evidence associates a compromised transition with wound healing disorders. Thus, targeting factors that impact this phase transition may offer a rationale for therapeutic development. This review summarizes mechanisms regulating the inflammation-proliferation transition at cellular and molecular levels. We propose that identification of such mechanisms will reveal promising targets for development of more effective therapies.
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Han B, Lian L, Li X, Zhao C, Qu L, Liu C, Song J, Yang N. Chicken gga-miR-130a targets HOXA3 and MDFIC and inhibits Marek's disease lymphoma cell proliferation and migration. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:667-76. [PMID: 27178573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is an infectious disease of chickens caused by MD virus (MDV), which is a herpesvirus that initiates tumor formation. Studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are linked with the development of cancers or tumors. Previously, gga-miR-130a was discovered downregulated in MDV-infected tissues. Here, we aimed to explore the further function of gga-miR-130a in MD. The expression of gga-miR-130a in MDV-infected and uninfected spleens was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Subsequently, proliferation and migration assays of MDV-transformed lymphoid cells (MSB1) were carried out by transfecting gga-miR-130a. The target genes of gga-miR-130a were predicted using TargetScan and miRDB and clustered through Gene Ontology analysis. The target genes were validated by western blot, qRT-PCR, and a dual luciferase reporter assay. Our results show that the expression of gga-miR-130a was reduced in MDV-infected spleens. Gga-miR-130a showed an inhibitory effect on MSB1 cell proliferation and migration. Two target genes, homeobox A3 (HOXA3) and MyoD family inhibitor domain containing (MDFIC), were predicted and clustered to cell proliferation. Results indicate that gga-miR-130a regulates HOXA3 and MDFIC at the protein level but not at the mRNA level. Moreover, the gga-miR-130a binding sites of two target genes have been confirmed. We conclude that gga-miR-130a can arrest MSB1 cell proliferation and migration, and target HOXA3 and MDFIC, which are both involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. Collectively, gga-miR-130a plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis associated with chicken MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ling Lian
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunfang Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Sun H, Chen J, Qian W, Kang J, Wang J, Jiang L, Qiao L, Chen W, Zhang J. Integrated long non-coding RNA analyses identify novel regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1234-46. [PMID: 26824344 PMCID: PMC4929291 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fatal lung disease characterized by aberrant accumulation of fibroblast population and deposition of extra cellular matrix. Increasing evidence support that epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells is a critical process in the pathogenesis of IPF. Although delivery of bleomycin to induce acute lung injury is the most well‐studied animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, there is considerable interest to pursue other models to understand the common and/or specific pathological mechanisms. In this study, we established a mouse model of pulmonary injury and progressive interstitial fibrosis via intraperitoneal injection of paraquat, a widely used herbicide known to cause pulmonary fibrosis in human. Using transcriptome sequencing and microarray analysis, we profiled expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and identified 513 up‐regulated and 204 down‐regulated lncRNAs in paraquat‐induced fibrotic lung tissues. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs are implicated in cell differentiation, epithelium morphogenesis and wound healing, pathways closely associated with EMT. Furthermore, we identified the evolutionally conserved target genes of two up‐regulated lncRNAs, uc.77 and 2700086A05Rik, as Zeb2 and Hoxa3, respectively, both of which are important modulators of EMT. Consistently, overexpression of uc.77 or 2700086A05Rik in human lung epithelial cells induced EMT as demonstrated by changes in gene and protein expression of various EMT markers and cell morphology. Collectively, our results uncovered a crucial role of lncRNA in the regulation of EMT during lung fibrosis and provide potential avenues for the discovery of novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Wenyi Qian
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Kang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education and Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Pelttari K, Barbero A, Martin I. A potential role of homeobox transcription factors in osteoarthritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:254. [PMID: 26605300 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.09.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
When a healthy joint progressively becomes osteoarthritic, the structures of the affected cartilage, bone and synovia undergo an initial phase of rearrangement. The exact molecular and cellular events occurring in this early osteoarthritic transition phase still remain elusive. Homeobox (Hox) genes encode for transcription factors that typically regulate limb morphogenesis and skeletal formation during development. More recently they were shown to be required for tissue remodelling and homeostasis in adults and to be modulated in a variety of pathologies. Here we present and discuss the hypothesis that dysregulation of specific Hox genes is associated with the onset and development of osteoarthritis (OA). Discovering mechanisms modulating Hox gene expression could not only provide important information in understanding OA pathology and its initiation, but also help to identify biomarkers reflecting the state of early OA. This knowledge would allow anticipating the time window for clinical treatment of the affected cartilage and assist in the development of innovative strategies to restore joint homeostasis, e.g., by cell or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Visconti RP, Awgulewitsch A. Topographic patterns of vascular disease: HOX proteins as determining factors? World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:65-70. [PMID: 26322165 PMCID: PMC4549770 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Steadily increasing evidence supports the idea that genetic diversities in the vascular bed are, in addition to hemodynamic influences, a major contributing factor in determining region-specific cardiovascular disease susceptibility. Members of the phylogenetically highly conserved Hox gene family of developmental regulators have to be viewed as prime candidates for determining these regional genetic differences in the vasculature. During embryonic patterning, the regionally distinct and precisely choreographed expression patterns of HOX transcription factors are essential for the correct specification of positional identities. Apparently, these topographic patterns are to some degree retained in certain adult tissues, including the circulatory system. While an understanding of the functional significance of these localized Hox activities in adult blood vessels is only beginning to emerge, an argument can be made for a role of Hox genes in the maintenance of vessel wall homeostasis and functional integrity on the one hand, and in regulating the development and progression of regionally restricted vascular pathologies, on the other. Initial functional studies in animal models, as well as data from clinical studies provide some level of support for this view. The data suggest that putative genetic regulatory networks of Hox-dependent cardiovascular disease processes include genes of diverse functional categories (extracellular matrix remodeling, transmembrane signaling, cell cycle control, inflammatory response, transcriptional control, etc.), as potential targets in both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, as well as cell populations residing in the adventitia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Visconti
- Richard P Visconti, Alexander Awgulewitsch, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Richard P Visconti, Alexander Awgulewitsch, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Menon NV, Chuah YJ, Phey S, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Chan V, Kang Y. Microfluidic Assay To Study the Combinatorial Impact of Substrate Properties on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:17095-17103. [PMID: 26186177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to complex and costly in vivo models, microfluidic in vitro models are being widely used to study various physiological phenomena. It is of particular interest to study cell migration in a controlled microenvironment because of its vital role in a large number of physiological processes, such as wound healing, disease progression, and tissue regeneration. Cell migration has been shown to be affected by variations in the biochemical and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To study the combinatorial impact of the ECM physical properties on cell migration, we have developed a microfluidic assay to induce migration of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with varying combinatorial properties (hydrophobicity, stiffness, and roughness). The results show that although the initial cell adhesion and viability appear similar on all PDMS samples, the cell spreading and migration are enhanced on PDMS samples exhibiting intermediate levels of hydrophobicity, stiffness, and roughness. This study suggests that there is a particular range of substrate properties for optimal cell spreading and migration. The influence of substrate properties on hBMSC migration can help understand the physical cues that affect cell migration, which may facilitate the development of optimized engineered scaffolds with desired properties for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth V Menon
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Yon Jin Chuah
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Samantha Phey
- ‡Hwa Chong Institution, 661 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 269734
| | - Ying Zhang
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Yingnan Wu
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Vincent Chan
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
| | - Yuejun Kang
- †School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459
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Dunn J, Simmons R, Thabet S, Jo H. The role of epigenetics in the endothelial cell shear stress response and atherosclerosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 67:167-76. [PMID: 25979369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently in the field of vascular biology, the role of epigenetics in endothelial cell biology and vascular disease has attracted more in-depth study. Using both in vitro and in vivo models of blood flow, investigators have recently begun to reveal the underlying epigenetic regulation of endothelial gene expression. Recently, our group, along with two other independent groups, have demonstrated that blood flow controls endothelial gene expression by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1 and 3A). Disturbed flow (d-flow), characterized by low and oscillating shear stress (OS), is pro-atherogenic and induces expression of DNMT1 both in vivo and in vitro. D-flow regulates genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in a DNMT-dependent manner. The DNMT inhibitor 5-Aza-2'deoxycytidine (5Aza) or DNMT1 siRNA reduces OS-induced endothelial inflammation. Moreover, 5Aza inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice. Through a systems biological analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns and gene expression data, we found 11 mechanosensitive genes which were suppressed by d-flow in vivo, experienced hypermethylation in their promoter region in response to d-flow, and were rescued by 5Aza treatment. Interestingly, among these mechanosensitive genes, the two transcription factors HoxA5 and Klf3 contain cAMP-response-elements (CRE), which may indicate that methylation of CRE sites could serve as a mechanosensitive master switch in gene expression. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism by which flow controls epigenetic DNA methylation patterns, which in turn alters endothelial gene expression, regulates vascular biology, and induces atherosclerosis. These novel findings have broad implications for understanding the biochemical mechanisms of atherogenesis and provide a basis for identifying potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Epigenetics dynamics in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessilyn Dunn
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Rachel Simmons
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Salim Thabet
- Division of Cardiology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA; Division of Cardiology, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, USA.
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Cuevas I, Layman H, Coussens L, Boudreau N. Sustained endothelial expression of HoxA5 in vivo impairs pathological angiogenesis and tumor progression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121720. [PMID: 25821967 PMCID: PMC4379087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HoxA5 is expressed in quiescent endothelial cells (EC), but absent in activated angiogenic EC. To examine the efficacy of targeting HoxA5 therapeutically to quell pathologic or tumor angiogenesis, we generated an inducible, transgenic mouse model of sustained HoxA5 expression in ECs. During pathologic angiogenesis, sustained HoxA5 regulates expression several angiogenic effector molecules, notably increased expression of TSP-2 and reduced expression of VEGF, thus leading to inhibition of pathological angiogenesis in tissues. To evaluate if this impressive reduction of vascularization could also impact tumor angiogenesis, HoxA5 mice were bred with a mouse model of de novo squamous carcinogenesis, e.g., K14-HPV16 mice. Activation of EC-HoxA5 significantly reduced infiltration by mast cells into neoplastic skin, an early hallmark of progression to dysplasia, reduced angiogenic vasculature, and blunted characteristics of tumor progression. To evaluate HoxA5 as a therapeutic, topical application of a HoxA5 transgene onto early neoplastic skin of K14-HPV16 mice similarly resulted in a significant impairment of angiogenic vasculature and progression to dysplasia to a similar extent as observed with genetic delivery of HoxA5. Together these data indicate that HoxA5 represents a novel molecule for restricting pathological and tumorigenic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Cuevas
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hans Layman
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Coussens
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Northcott JM, Northey JJ, Barnes JM, Weaver VM. Fighting the force: Potential of homeobox genes for tumor microenvironment regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:248-53. [PMID: 25818365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exist in a constantly evolving stromal microenvironment composed of vasculature, immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, all residing within a dynamic extracellular matrix. In this review, we examine the biochemical and biophysical interactions between these various stromal cells and their matrix microenvironment. While the stroma can alter tumor progression via multiple mechanisms, we emphasize the role of homeobox genes in detecting and modulating the mechanical changes in the microenvironment during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M Northcott
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, UCSF, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Matthew Barnes
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Roberts N, Horsley V. Developing stratified epithelia: lessons from the epidermis and thymus. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2014; 3:389-402. [PMID: 25176390 PMCID: PMC4283209 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stratified squamous epithelial cells are found in a number of organs, including the skin epidermis and the thymus. The progenitor cells of the developing epidermis form a multi-layered epithelium and appendages, like the hair follicle, to generate an essential barrier to protect against water loss and invasion of foreign pathogens. In contrast, the thymic epithelium forms a three-dimensional mesh of keratinocytes that are essential for positive and negative selection of self-restricted T cells. While these distinct stratified epithelial tissues derive from distinct embryonic germ layers, both tissues instruct immunity, and the epithelial differentiation programs and molecular mechanisms that control their development are remarkably similar. In this review, we aim to highlight some of the similarities between the thymus and the skin epidermis and its appendages during developmental specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Roberts
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Kuo JH, Cuevas I, Chen A, Dunn A, Kuri M, Boudreau N. Secreted HoxA3 Promotes Epidermal Proliferation and Angiogenesis in Genetically Modified Three-Dimensional Composite Skin Constructs. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:605-613. [PMID: 25302136 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors coordinate gene expression in wound repair and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that gene transfer of HoxA3 to wounds of diabetic mice accelerates wound healing, increasing angiogenesis and keratinocyte migration. In this study, we examined whether HoxA3 can also improve angiogenesis, epidermal integrity, and viability of composite skin grafts. Approach: To determine the effects of HoxA3 on composite skin grafts, we constructed bilayered composite grafts incorporating fibroblasts engineered to constitutively secrete HoxA3. We then transplanted these composite grafts in vivo. Results: The composite grafts produced a stratified epidermal layer after seventeen days in culture and following transplantation in vivo, these grafts exhibit normal epidermal differentiation and reduced contraction compared to controls. In addition, HoxA3 grafts showed increased angiogenesis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of HoxA3 graft tissue reveal an increase in the downstream HoxA3 target genes MMP-14 and uPAR expression, as well as a reduction in CCL-2 and CxCl-12. Innovation: Expression of secreted HoxA3 in composite grafts represents a comprehensive approach that targets both keratinocytes and endothelial cells to promote epidermal proliferation and angiogenesis. Conclusion: Secreted HoxA3 improves angiogenesis, reduces expression of inflammatory mediators, and prolongs composite skin graft integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Kuo
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ileana Cuevas
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Amy Chen
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ashley Dunn
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mauricio Kuri
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nancy Boudreau
- Surgical Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Hox transcription factors: modulators of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:591374. [PMID: 25136598 PMCID: PMC4127299 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors that determine cell and tissue identities in the embryo during development. Hox genes are also expressed in various adult tissues and cancer cells. In Drosophila, expression of cell adhesion molecules, cadherins and integrins, is regulated by Hox proteins operating in hierarchical molecular pathways and plays a crucial role in segment-specific organogenesis. A number of studies using mammalian cultured cells have revealed that cell adhesion molecules responsible for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are downstream targets of Hox proteins. However, whether Hox transcription factors regulate expression of cell adhesion molecules during vertebrate development is still not fully understood. In this review, the potential roles Hox proteins play in cell adhesion and migration during vertebrate body patterning are discussed.
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Murthi P, Abumaree M, Kalionis B. Analysis of homeobox gene action may reveal novel angiogenic pathways in normal placental vasculature and in clinical pregnancy disorders associated with abnormal placental angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:133. [PMID: 24926269 PMCID: PMC4045154 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes are essential for both the development of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems, as well as for their maintenance in the adult. Homeobox genes comprise an important family of transcription factors, which are characterized by a well conserved DNA binding motif; the homeodomain. The specificity of the homeodomain allows the transcription factor to bind to the promoter regions of batteries of target genes and thereby regulates their expression. Target genes identified for homeodomain proteins have been shown to control fundamental cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We and others have reported that homeobox genes are expressed in the placental vasculature, but our knowledge of their downstream target genes is limited. This review highlights the importance of studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which homeobox genes and their downstream targets may regulate important vascular cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and endothelial tube formation, which are essential for placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. A better understanding of the molecular targets of homeobox genes may lead to new therapies for aberrant angiogenesis associated with clinically important pregnancy pathologies, including fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia ; NorthWest Academic Centre, The University of Melbourne St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohamed Abumaree
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
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