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Kotova PD, Dymova EA, Lyamin OO, Rogachevskaja OA, Kolesnikov SS. PI3 kinase inhibitor PI828 uncouples aminergic GPCRs and Ca 2+ mobilization irrespectively of its primary target. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130649. [PMID: 38823731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is involved in regulation of multiple intracellular processes. Although the inhibitory analysis is generally employed for validating a physiological role of PI3K, increasing body of evidence suggests that PI3K inhibitors can exhibit PI3K-unrelated activity as well. Here we studied Ca2+ signaling initiated by aminergic agonists in a variety of different cells and analyzed effects of the PI3K inhibitor PI828 on cell responsiveness. It turned out that PI828 inhibited Ca2+ transients elicited by acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, and serotonin, but did not affect Ca2+ responses to norepinephrine and ATP. Another PI3K inhibitor wortmannin negligibly affected Ca2+ signaling initiated by any one of the tested agonists. Using the genetically encoded PIP3 sensor PH(Akt)-Venus, we confirmed that both PI828 and wortmannin effectively inhibited PI3K and ascertained that this kinase negligibly contributed to ACh transduction. These findings suggested that PI828 inhibited Ca2+ responses to aminergic agonists tested, involving an unknown cellular mechanism unrelated to the PI3K inhibition. Complementary physiological experiments provided evidence that PI828 could inhibit Ca2+ signals induced by certain agonists, by acting extracellularly, presumably, through their surface receptors. For the muscarinic M3 receptor, this possibility was verified with molecular docking and molecular dynamics. As demonstrated with these tools, wortmannin could be bound in the extracellular vestibule at the muscarinic M3 receptor but this did not preclude binding of ACh to the M3 receptor followed by its activation. In contrast, PI828 could sterically block the passage of ACh into the allosteric site, preventing activation of the muscarinic M3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina D Kotova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institutskaya Street 3, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Dymova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institutskaya Street 3, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Oleg O Lyamin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institutskaya Street 3, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga A Rogachevskaja
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institutskaya Street 3, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Kolesnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institutskaya Street 3, Pushchino, Russia
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2
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Taheri R, Mokhtari Y, Yousefi AM, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1049-1068. [PMID: 38812089 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well-being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post-T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes-related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Yadav M, Verma S, Tiwari P, Mugale MN. Unraveling the mechanisms of hepatogenous diabetes and its therapeutic perspectives. Life Sci 2024; 353:122934. [PMID: 39089644 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The review focused mainly on the pathogenesis of hepatogenous diabetes (HD) in liver cirrhosis (LC). This review reveals parallels between the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction observed in LC and type II diabetes (T2DM), suggesting a shared pathway leading to HD. It underscores the role of insulin in HD pathogenesis, highlighting key factors such as insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), and the influence of adipocytes. Furthermore, the impact of adipose tissue accumulation, fatty acid metabolism, and pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on IR are discussed in the context of HD. Altered signaling pathways, disruptions in the endocrine system, liver inflammation, changes in muscle mass and composition, and modifications to the gut microbiota collectively contribute to the complex interplay linking cirrhosis and HD. This study highlights how important it is to identify and treat this complex condition in cirrhotic patients by thoroughly analyzing the link between cirrhosis, IR, and HD. It also emphasizes the vitality of targeted interventions. Cellular and molecular investigations into IR have revealed potential therapeutic targets for managing and preventing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Purnima Tiwari
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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4
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Aloiau AN, Bobek BM, Pearson KE, Cherry KE, Smith CR, Ketcham JM, Marx MA, Harwood SJ. Zirconium Hydride Catalysis Initiated by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39073902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In our drug discovery campaigns to target the oncogenic drivers of cancers, the demand for a chemoselective, stereoselective and economical synthesis of chiral benzylamines drove the development of a catalytic zirconium hydride reduction. This methodology uses the inexpensive, bench stable zirconocene dichloride, and a novel tetrabutylammonium fluoride activation tactic to catalytically generate a metal hydride under ambient conditions. The diastereo- and chemoselectivity of this reaction was tested with the preparation of key intermediates from our discovery programs and in the scope of sulfinyl ketimines and carbonyls relevant to medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. A preliminary mechanistic investigation conducted into the role of tetrabutylammonium fluoride indicates that formation of a zirconocene fluoride occurs to initiate catalysis. The implications of this convenient activation approach may provide expanded roles for zirconium hydrides in catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athenea N Aloiau
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Briana M Bobek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kelly E Pearson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kendall E Cherry
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher R Smith
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M Ketcham
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen J Harwood
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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5
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Shultz KD, Al Anbari YF, Wright NT. I told you to stop: obscurin's role in epithelial cell migration. Biochem Soc Trans 2024:BST20240564. [PMID: 39051125 DOI: 10.1042/bst20240564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The giant cytoskeletal protein obscurin contains multiple cell signaling domains that influence cell migration. Here, we follow each of these pathways, examine how these pathways modulate epithelial cell migration, and discuss the cross-talk between these pathways. Specifically, obscurin uses its PH domain to inhibit phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent migration and its RhoGEF domain to activate RhoA and slow cell migration. While obscurin's effect on the PI3K pathway agrees with the literature, obscurin's effect on the RhoA pathway runs counter to most other RhoA effectors, whose activation tends to lead to enhanced motility. Obscurin also phosphorylates cadherins, and this may also influence cell motility. When taken together, obscurin's ability to modulate three independent cell migration pathways is likely why obscurin knockout cells experience enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and why obscurin is a frequently mutated gene in several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrin D Shultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA 22807, U.S.A
| | - Yasmin F Al Anbari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA 22807, U.S.A
| | - Nathan T Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Dr., Harrisonburg, VA 22807, U.S.A
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Liu S, Wang H, Liu S, Yin P, Song S, Xiong B, Wang L, Bi Y, Yu L. Fermented Ginsenosides Alleviate Acute Liver Injury Induced by CCl 4 in Mice by Regulating the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39012958 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviating effect of fermented ginsenosides obtained through yeast strain fermentation transformation on acute liver injury (ALI) induced by CCl4. Strains were screened for their ability to produce β-glucosidase, the transformation ability of the strain was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain F6 was obtained by 26S rRNA sequencing. After fermentation by F6 strain, it was found that the content of ginsenosides Re, Rb1, and Rb2 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and rare ginsenosides were detected, with the content of Rh4 and Rg5 reaching 2.65 mg·g-1 and 2.56 mg·g-1. We also explored the preventive effect of fermented ginsenoside extract (FGE) on ALI. Mice were evenly divided into 9 groups as follows: control group, ALI model group, positive drug bifendate group, and treatment group, which included 3 ginsenoside extract (GE) groups and 3 FGE groups (dosage of 150, 300, and 450 mg·kg-1 b.w.). The results showed that compared with the ALI model group, FGE significantly increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase, hydroperoxidase, and superoxide dismutase and also decreased the malondialdehyde level. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin markers were significantly reduced, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly decreased. Bioinformatics analysis combined with Western blot validation explored the molecular mechanism of the effect of FGE. It was found that FGE could downregulate the expression of the p-AKT/AKT and the p-mTOR/mTOR ratios. These results suggested that FGE played an alleviative role in ALI by promoting autophagy to inhibit the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixin Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunfeng Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Huang X, Wang K, Han J, Chen X, Wang Z, Wu T, Yu B, Zhao F, Wang X, Li H, Xie Z, Zhu X, Zhong W, Ren X. Cryo-EM structures reveal two allosteric inhibition modes of PI3Kα H1047R involving a re-shaping of the activation loop. Structure 2024; 32:907-917.e7. [PMID: 38582077 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PI3Kα is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates PIP2 and generates PIP3. The hyperactive PI3Kα mutation, H1047R, accounts for about 14% of breast cancer, making it a highly attractive target for drug discovery. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of PI3KαH1047R bound to two different allosteric inhibitors QR-7909 and QR-8557 at a global resolution of 2.7 Å and 3.0 Å, respectively. The structures reveal two distinct binding pockets on the opposite sides of the activation loop. Structural and MD simulation analyses show that the allosteric binding of QR-7909 and QR-8557 inhibit PI3KαH1047R hyper-activity by reducing the fluctuation and mobility of the activation loop. Our work provides a strong rational basis for a further optimization and development of highly selective drug candidates to treat PI3KαH1047R-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Han
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Tianlun Wu
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaotian Zhu
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wenge Zhong
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoming Ren
- Regor Therapeutics Group, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Iranpanah A, Majnooni MB, Biganeh H, Amirian R, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Filosa R, Cheang WS, Fakhri S, Khan H. Exploiting new strategies in combating head and neck carcinoma: A comprehensive review on phytochemical approaches passing through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3736-3762. [PMID: 38776136 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently, malignant neoplasms have growingly caused human morbidity and mortality. Head and neck cancer (HNC) constitutes a substantial group of malignancies occurring in various anatomical regions of the head and neck, including lips, mouth, throat, larynx, nose, sinuses, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and salivary glands. The present study addresses the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway as a possible therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Finding new multitargeting agents capable of modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cross-linked mediators could be viewed as an effective strategy in combating HNC. Recent studies have introduced phytochemicals as multitargeting agents and rich sources for finding and developing new therapeutic agents. Phytochemicals have exhibited immense anticancer effects, including targeting different stages of HNC through the modulation of several signaling pathways. Moreover, phenolic/polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenes/terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites have demonstrated promising anticancer activities because of their diverse pharmacological and biological properties like antiproliferative, antineoplastic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. The current review is mainly focused on new therapeutic strategies for HNC passing through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as new strategies in combating HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Biganeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Long J, Ren Z, Duan Y, Tao W, Li X, Li S, Li K, Huang Q, Chen J, Yang M, Li Y, Luo X, Liu D. Empagliflozin rescues lifespan and liver senescence in naturally aged mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01250-9. [PMID: 38922380 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin is currently known to decrease blood glucose levels, delay renal failure, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of empagliflozin on the lifespan and health of naturally aged organisms are unclear. This study was designed to investigate the impacts and potential mechanisms of empagliflozin on lifespan and liver senescence in naturally aged mice. Our study revealed that empagliflozin improved survival and health in naturally aged mice. Empagliflozin extended the median survival of male mice by 5.9%. Meanwhile, empagliflozin improved learning memory and motor balance, decreased body weight, and downregulated the hepatic protein expression of P21, P16, α-SMA, and COL1A1. Empagliflozin modulates the structure of the intestinal flora, increasing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillus, Blautia, and Muribaculaceae and decreasing the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae, Turicibacter, and Dubosiella in naturally aged mice. Further exploration discovered that empagliflozin increased the concentration of SCFAs, decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL9, and regulated the PI3K/AKT/P21 and AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathways, which may represent the underlying mechanisms involved in these beneficial hepatic effects. Taken together, the above results indicated that empagliflozin intervention could be considered a potential strategy for extending lifespan and slowing liver senescence in naturally aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchuan Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wei Tao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shengbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qixuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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10
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Browne IM, Okines AFC. Resistance to Targeted Inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Advanced Oestrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2259. [PMID: 38927964 PMCID: PMC11201395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway is one of the most frequently activated pathways in breast cancer and also plays a central role in the regulation of several physiologic functions. There are major efforts ongoing to exploit precision medicine by developing inhibitors that target the three kinases (PI3K, AKT, and mTOR). Although multiple compounds have been developed, at present, there are just three inhibitors approved to target this pathway in patients with advanced ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer: everolimus (mTOR inhibitor), alpelisib (PIK3CA inhibitor), and capivasertib (AKT inhibitor). Like most targeted cancer drugs, resistance poses a major problem in the clinical setting and is a factor that has frequently limited the overall efficacy of these agents. Drug resistance can be categorised into intrinsic or acquired resistance depending on the timeframe it has developed within. Whereas intrinsic resistance exists prior to a specific treatment, acquired resistance is induced by a therapy. The majority of patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer will likely be offered an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway at some point in their cancer journey, with the options available depending on the approval criteria in place and the cancer's mutation status. Within this large cohort of patients, it is likely that most will develop resistance at some point, which makes this an area of interest and an unmet need at present. Herein, we review the common mechanisms of resistance to agents that target the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, elaborate on current management approaches, and discuss ongoing clinical trials attempting to mitigate this significant issue. We highlight the need for additional studies into AKT1 inhibitor resistance in particular.
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11
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Wen W, Ertas YN, Erdem A, Zhang Y. Dysregulation of autophagy in gastric carcinoma: Pathways to tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216857. [PMID: 38583648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The considerable death rates and lack of symptoms in early stages of gastric cancer (GC) make it a major health problem worldwide. One of the most prominent risk factors is infection with Helicobacter pylori. Many biological processes, including those linked with cell death, are disrupted in GC. The cellular "self-digestion" mechanism necessary for regular balance maintenance, autophagy, is at the center of this disturbance. Misregulation of autophagy, however, plays a role in the development of GC. In this review, we will examine how autophagy interacts with other cell death processes, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis, and how it affects the progression of GC. In addition to wonderful its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, it is engaged in GC metastasis. The role of autophagy in GC in promoting drug resistance stands out. There is growing interest in modulating autophagy for GC treatment, with research focusing on natural compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and nanoparticles. These approaches could lead to breakthroughs in GC therapy, offering new hope in the fight against this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli, 41001 Turkey.
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
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13
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Stadler KA, Ortiz-Joya LJ, Singh Sahrawat A, Buhlheller C, Gruber K, Pavkov-Keller T, O'Hagan TB, Guarné A, Pulido S, Marín-Villa M, Zangger K, Gubensäk N. Structural investigation of Trypanosoma cruzi Akt-like kinase as drug target against Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10039. [PMID: 38693166 PMCID: PMC11063076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, Chagas disease (CD) is the most prevalent poverty-promoting neglected tropical disease. Alarmingly, climate change is accelerating the geographical spreading of CD causative parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, which additionally increases infection rates. Still, CD treatment remains challenging due to a lack of safe and efficient drugs. In this work, we analyze the viability of T. cruzi Akt-like kinase (TcAkt) as drug target against CD including primary structural and functional information about a parasitic Akt protein. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance derived information in combination with Molecular Dynamics simulations offer detailed insights into structural properties of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of TcAkt and its binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphate ligands (PIP). Experimental data combined with Alpha Fold proposes a model for the mechanism of action of TcAkt involving a PIP-induced disruption of the intramolecular interface between the kinase and the PH domain resulting in an open conformation enabling TcAkt kinase activity. Further docking experiments reveal that TcAkt is recognized by human inhibitors PIT-1 and capivasertib, and TcAkt inhibition by UBMC-4 and UBMC-6 is achieved via binding to TcAkt kinase domain. Our in-depth structural analysis of TcAkt reveals potential sites for drug development against CD, located at activity essential regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Stadler
- Institute of Chemistry/Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lesly J Ortiz-Joya
- Institute of Chemistry/Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amit Singh Sahrawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Innophore GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Innophore GmbH, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Alba Guarné
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sergio Pulido
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- LifeFactors ZF SAS, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Marcel Marín-Villa
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry/Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang F, Li Y, Fan N, Zhao K, Zhang A, Kang J, Lin Y, Xue X, Jiang X. Blockade of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by Astragaloside IV attenuates ulcerative colitis via improving the intestinal epithelial barrier. J Transl Med 2024; 22:406. [PMID: 38689349 PMCID: PMC11061986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific pathogenesis of UC is still unclear, but it has been clear that defects in intestinal barrier function play an important role in it. There is a temporary lack of specific drugs for clinical treatment. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from Astragalus root and is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to determine whether AS-IV has therapeutic value for DSS or LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro and its potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS The intestinal tissues from UC patients and colitis mice were collected, intestinal inflammation was observed by colonoscopy, and mucosal barrier function was measured by immunofluorescence staining. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activator YS-49 and inhibitor LY-29 were administered to colitic mice to uncover the effect of this pathway on gut mucosal barrier modulation. Then, network pharmacology was used to screen Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a core active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus. The potential of AS-IV for intestinal barrier function repairment and UC treatment through blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway was further confirmed by histopathological staining, FITC-dextran, transmission electron microscopy, ELISA, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Finally, 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed to uncover whether AS-IV can ameliorate UC by regulating gut microbiota homeostasis. RESULTS Mucosal barrier function was significantly damaged in UC patients and murine colitis, and the activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was extensively involved. Both in vivo and vitro showed that the AS-IV-treated group significantly relieved inflammation and improved intestinal epithelial permeability by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, microbiome data found that gut microbiota participates in AS-IV-mediated intestinal barrier recovery as well. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights that AS-IV exerts a protective effect on the integrality of the mucosal barrier in UC based on the PI3K/AKT pathway, and AS-IV may serve as a novel AKT inhibitor to provide a potential therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Medical College, Yan'an University, 580 ShengDi Road, Baota District, 716099, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Fan
- Medical College, Yan'an University, 580 ShengDi Road, Baota District, 716099, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agriculture University, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Anding Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang 'a District, 710119, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Road, Baqiao District, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Zoi V, Kyritsis AP, Galani V, Lazari D, Sioka C, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. The Role of Curcumin in Cancer: A Focus on the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1554. [PMID: 38672636 PMCID: PMC11048628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic options, most available anti-cancer agents have limited efficacy. In this context, natural compounds with diverse chemical structures have been investigated for their multimodal anti-cancer properties. Curcumin is a polyphenol isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa and has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. Curcumin acts on the regulation of different aspects of cancer development, including initiation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and progression. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is a key target in cancer therapy, since it is implicated in initiation, proliferation, and cancer cell survival. Curcumin has been found to inhibit the PI3K/Akt pathway in tumor cells, primarily via the regulation of different key mediators, including growth factors, protein kinases, and cytokines. This review presents the therapeutic potential of curcumin in different malignancies, such as glioblastoma, prostate and breast cancer, and head and neck cancers, through the targeting of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Zoi
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Galani
- Department of Anatomy Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrissa Sioka
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridon Voulgaris
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios A. Alexiou
- Neurosurgical Institute, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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16
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Browne IM, André F, Chandarlapaty S, Carey LA, Turner NC. Optimal targeting of PI3K-AKT and mTOR in advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e139-e151. [PMID: 38547898 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The growing availability of targeted therapies for patients with advanced oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer has improved survival, but there remains much to learn about the optimal management of these patients. The PI3K-AKT and mTOR pathways are among the most commonly activated pathways in breast cancer, whose crucial role in the pathogenesis of this tumour type has spurred major efforts to target this pathway at specific kinase hubs. Approvals for oestrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer include the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated tumours, the AKT inhibitor capivasertib for tumours with alterations in PIK3CA, AKT1, or PTEN, and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which is used irrespective of mutation status. The availability of different inhibitors leaves physicians with a potentially challenging decision over which of these therapies should be used for individual patients and when. In this Review, we present a comprehensive summary of our current understanding of the pathways and the three inhibitors and discuss strategies for the optimal sequencing of therapies in the clinic, particularly after progression on a CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseult M Browne
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research and Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lisa A Carey
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research and Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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17
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Panwar S, Uniyal P, Kukreti N, Hashmi A, Verma S, Arya A, Joshi G. Role of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: Exploring the therapeutic interventions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14515. [PMID: 38570333 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are devastating disorders characterized by gradual loss of neurons and cognition or mobility impairment. The common pathological features of these diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded or aggregation of proteins. The pivotal roles of autophagy and proteostasis in maintaining cellular health and preventing the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). This article presents an in-depth examination of the interplay between autophagy and proteostasis, highlighting how these processes cooperatively contribute to cellular homeostasis and prevent pathogenic protein aggregate accumulation. Furthermore, the review emphasises the potential therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and proteostasis to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases. While advancements in research hold promise for developing novel treatments, the article also addresses the challenges and complexities associated with modulating these intricate cellular pathways. Ultimately, advancing understanding of the underlying mechanism of autophagy and proteostasis in neurodegenerative disorders provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic avenues and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Panwar
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Afreen Hashmi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivani Verma
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Aanchal Arya
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India
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18
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Ketcham JM, Harwood SJ, Aranda R, Aloiau AN, Bobek BM, Briere DM, Burns AC, Caddell Haatveit K, Calinisan A, Clarine J, Elliott A, Engstrom LD, Gunn RJ, Ivetac A, Jones B, Kuehler J, Lawson JD, Nguyen N, Parker C, Pearson KE, Rahbaek L, Saechao B, Wang X, Waters A, Waters L, Watkins AH, Olson P, Smith CR, Christensen JG, Marx MA. Discovery of Pyridopyrimidinones that Selectively Inhibit the H1047R PI3Kα Mutant Protein. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4936-4949. [PMID: 38477582 PMCID: PMC10983000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The H1047R mutation of PIK3CA is highly prevalent in breast cancers and other solid tumors. Selectively targeting PI3KαH1047R over PI3KαWT is crucial due to the role that PI3KαWT plays in normal cellular processes, including glucose homeostasis. Currently, only one PI3KαH1047R-selective inhibitor has progressed into clinical trials, while three pan mutant (H1047R, H1047L, H1047Y, E542K, and E545K) selective PI3Kα inhibitors have also reached the clinical stage. Herein, we report the design and discovery of a series of pyridopyrimidinones that inhibit PI3KαH1047R with high selectivity over PI3KαWT, resulting in the discovery of compound 17. When dosed in the HCC1954 tumor model in mice, 17 provided tumor regressions and a clear pharmacodynamic response. X-ray cocrystal structures from several PI3Kα inhibitors were obtained, revealing three distinct binding modes within PI3KαH1047R including a previously reported cryptic pocket in the C-terminus of the kinase domain wherein we observe a ligand-induced interaction with Arg1047.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Aranda
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Athenea N. Aloiau
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Briana M. Bobek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - David M. Briere
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron C. Burns
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Andrew Calinisan
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeffery Clarine
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Adam Elliott
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lars D. Engstrom
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robin J. Gunn
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Ivetac
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jon Kuehler
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - J. David Lawson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Natalie Nguyen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Cody Parker
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kelly E. Pearson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Rahbaek
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Barbara Saechao
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xiaolun Wang
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anna Waters
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laura Waters
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ashlee H. Watkins
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christopher R. Smith
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James G. Christensen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 3545 Cray Court, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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19
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Cho SB. Comorbidity Genes of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Memory and Cognitive Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2211. [PMID: 38396891 PMCID: PMC10889845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are comorbidities that result from the sharing of common genes. The molecular background of comorbidities can provide clues for the development of treatment and management strategies. Here, the common genes involved in the development of the two diseases and in memory and cognitive function are reviewed. Network clustering based on protein-protein interaction network identified tightly connected gene clusters that have an impact on memory and cognition among the comorbidity genes of AD and T2DM. Genes with functional implications were intensively reviewed and relevant evidence summarized. Gene information will be useful in the discovery of biomarkers and the identification of tentative therapeutic targets for AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street, Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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20
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Shan KS, Bonano-Rios A, Theik NWY, Hussein A, Blaya M. Molecular Targeting of the Phosphoinositide-3-Protein Kinase (PI3K) Pathway across Various Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1973. [PMID: 38396649 PMCID: PMC10888452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth and tumorigenesis. Targeting PI3K and its downstream substrates has been shown to be effective in preclinical studies and phase III trials with the approval of several PI3K pathway inhibitors by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the past decade. However, the limited clinical efficacy of these inhibitors, intolerable toxicities, and acquired resistances limit the clinical application of PI3K inhibitors. This review discusses the PI3K signaling pathway, alterations in the PI3K pathway causing carcinogenesis, current and novel PI3K pathway inhibitors, adverse effects, resistance mechanisms, challenging issues, and future directions of PI3K pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine S. Shan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Health Care, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (A.B.-R.); (A.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Amalia Bonano-Rios
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Health Care, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (A.B.-R.); (A.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Nyein Wint Yee Theik
- Division of Internal Medicine, Memorial Health Care, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA;
| | - Atif Hussein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Health Care, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (A.B.-R.); (A.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcelo Blaya
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Memorial Health Care, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (A.B.-R.); (A.H.); (M.B.)
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21
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Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Al Hmada Y, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Brodell RT, Hassan M. CD133-Dependent Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase /AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38334632 PMCID: PMC10854812 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma frequently harbors genetic alterations in key molecules leading to the aberrant activation of PI3K and its downstream pathways. Although the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in melanoma progression and drug resistance is well documented, targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway showed less efficiency in clinical trials than might have been expected, since the suppression of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway-induced feedback loops is mostly associated with the activation of compensatory pathways such as MAPK/MEK/ERK. Consequently, the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance can occur. As a solid tumor, melanoma is notorious for its heterogeneity. This can be expressed in the form of genetically divergent subpopulations including a small fraction of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) that make the most of the tumor mass. Like other CSCs, melanoma stem-like cells (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins/stemness markers and aberrant signaling pathways. In addition to its function as a robust marker for stemness properties, CD133 is crucial for the maintenance of stemness properties and drug resistance. Herein, the role of CD133-dependent activation of PI3K/mTOR in the regulation of melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Henkels KM, Miller TE, Naji A, van der Hoeven R, Liang H, Zhou Y, Hammond GR, Hancock JF, Cho KJ. Myotubularin-related proteins regulate KRAS function by controlling plasma membrane levels of polyphosphoinositides and phosphatidylserine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576612. [PMID: 38328115 PMCID: PMC10849561 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
KRAS is a small GTPase, ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, that functions as a molecular switch to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Oncogenic mutations that render KRAS constitutively active occur frequently in human cancers. KRAS must localize to the plasma membrane (PM) for biological activity. KRAS PM binding is mediated by interactions of the KRAS membrane anchor with phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), therefore, depleting PM PtdSer content abrogates KRAS PM binding and oncogenic function. From a genome-wide siRNA screen to search for genes that regulate KRAS PM localization, we identified a set of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-phosphatase family members: myotubularin-related (MTMR) proteins 2, 3, 4 and 7. Here we show that knockdown of MTMR 2/3/4/7 expression disrupts KRAS PM interactions. The molecular mechanism involves depletion of PM PI 4-phosphate (PI4P) levels, which in turn disrupts the subcellular localization and operation of oxysterol-binding protein related protein (ORP) 5, a PtdSer lipid transfer protein that maintains PM PtdSer content. Concomitantly, silencing MTMR 2/3/4/7 expression elevates PM levels of PI3P and reduces PM and total cellular levels of PtdSer. In summary we propose that the PI 3-phosphatase activity provided by MTMR proteins is required to generate PM PI for the synthesis of PM PI4P, which in turn, promotes the PM localization of PtdSer and KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Taylor E. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gerald R.V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kwang-jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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23
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Kim CW, Lee JM, Park SW. Divergent roles of the regulatory subunits of class IA PI3K. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1152579. [PMID: 38317714 PMCID: PMC10839044 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), known as p85, is a critical component in the insulin signaling pathway. Extensive research has shed light on the diverse roles played by the two isoforms of p85, namely p85α and p85β. The gene pik3r1 encodes p85α and its variants, p55α and p50α, while pik3r2 encodes p85β. These isoforms exhibit various activities depending on tissue types, nutrient availability, and cellular stoichiometry. Whole-body or liver-specific deletion of pik3r1 have shown to display increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose homeostasis; however, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of p85α does not exhibit any significant effects on glucose homeostasis. On the other hand, whole-body deletion of pik3r2 shows improved insulin sensitivity with no significant impact on glucose tolerance. Meanwhile, liver-specific double knockout of pik3r1 and pik3r2 leads to reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In the context of obesity, upregulation of hepatic p85α or p85β has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis. However, hepatic overexpression of p85α in the absence of p50α and p55α results in increased insulin resistance in obese mice. p85α and p85β have distinctive roles in cancer development. p85α acts as a tumor suppressor, but p85β promotes tumor progression. In the immune system, p85α facilitates B cell development, while p85β regulates T cell differentiation and maturation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinct functions attributed to p85α and p85β, highlighting their significance in various physiological processes, including insulin signaling, cancer development, and immune system regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junsik M. Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sang Won Park
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Yu Y, Gu D, Cai L, Yang H, Sheng R. Development of small-molecule inhibitors that target PI3Kβ. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103854. [PMID: 38070704 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) β, a subtype of class I PI3Ks, has an essential role in PTEN-deficient tumors and links to thrombosis, male fertility, and Fragile X syndrome. PI3Kβ-specific targeting therapy could be an efficacious treatment for diseases highly dependent on PI3Kβ, while mitigating the severe toxicity of pan-PI3K inhibitors. Achieving selectivity can be accomplished through three primary strategies, namely, binding to the induced lipophilic pocket, targeting the unique amino acid residue of PI3Kβ, or using atropisomerism to lock conformation. In this review, we focus on advances in the development of these β-isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors, providing potential guidance for the further development of novel clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Dongyan Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lvtao Cai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Haodong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China.
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25
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Bani N, Rahmani F, Shakour N, Amerizadeh F, Khalili-Tanha G, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Kerachian MA, Abbaszadegan MR, Mojarad M, Hadizadeh F, Ferns GA, Avan A. Wortmannin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Suppressing the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:916-927. [PMID: 38584531 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206296355240325113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant contributor to mortality, often exacerbated by metastasis and chemoresistance. Novel therapeutic strategies are imperative to enhance current treatments. The dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is implicated in CRC progression. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Wortmannin, combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), to target the PI3K/Akt pathway in CRC. METHODS Anti-migratory and antiproliferative effects were assessed through wound healing and MTT assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle alterations were evaluated using Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay. Wortmannin's impact on the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium was examined via ROS, SOD, CAT, MDA, and T-SH levels. Downstream target genes of the PI3K/AKT pathway were analyzed at mRNA and protein levels using RTPCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS Wortmannin demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, modulating survivin, cyclinD1, PI3K, and p-Akt. The PI3K inhibitor attenuated migratory activity, inducing E-cadherin expression. Combined Wortmannin with 5-FU induced apoptosis, increasing cells in sub-G1 via elevated ROS levels. CONCLUSION This study underscores Wortmannin's potential in inhibiting CRC cell growth and migration through PI3K/Akt pathway modulation. It also highlights its candidacy for further investigation as a promising therapeutic option in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Bani
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Forouzan Amerizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Liu T, Wang W, Li X, Chen Y, Mu F, Wen A, Liu M, Ding Y. Advances of phytotherapy in ischemic stroke targeting PI3K/Akt signaling. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5509-5528. [PMID: 37641491 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is complex, and PI3K/Akt signaling is considered to play a crucial role in it. The PI3K/Akt pathway regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and vascular endothelial homeostasis after cerebral ischemia; therefore, drug research targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway has become the focus of scientists. In this review, we analyzed the research reports of antiischemic stroke drugs targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in the past two decades. Because of the rich sources of natural products, increasing studies have explored the value of natural compounds, including Flavonoids, Quinones, Alkaloids, Phenylpropanoids, Phenols, Saponins, and Terpenoids, in alleviating neurological impairment and achieved satisfactory results. Herbal extracts and medicinal formulas have been applied in the treatment of ischemic stroke for thousands of years in East Asian countries. These precious clinical experiences provide a new avenue for research of antiischemic stroke drugs. Finally, we summarize and discuss the characteristics and shortcomings of the current research and put forward prospects for further in-depth exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Forces of PLA, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Forces of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yidan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Forces of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Forces of PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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27
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Papoff G, Presutti D, Fustaino V, Parente A, Calandriello C, Alemà S, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Merlino G, Salerno M, Bigioni M, Binaschi M, Ruberti G. The activity of a PI3K δ-sparing inhibitor, MEN1611, in non-small cell lung cancer cells with constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1283951. [PMID: 38033496 PMCID: PMC10682785 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1283951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) result in improvement in survival for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Unfortunately, most patients who initially respond to EGFR-TKI ultimately develop resistance to therapy, resulting in cancer progression and relapse. Combination therapy is today a common strategy for the treatment of tumors to increase the success rate, improve the outcome and survival of patients, and avoid the selection of resistant cancer cells through the activation of compensatory pathways. In NSCLC, the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been heavily implicated in both tumorigenesis and the progression of disease. Objectives In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a PI3K δ-sparing inhibitor, MEN1611, in models of NSCLC sensitive and resistant to EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib and gefitinib) with a wild-type PIK3CA gene. Methods We performed functional, biochemical, and immunohistochemistry studies. Results We demonstrated good efficacy of MEN1611 in NSCLC devoid of PIK3CA gene mutations but with constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and its synergistic effect with gefitinib both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Overall, this preclinical study indicates that the inhibitor could be a candidate for the treatment of NSCLC with an erlotinib/gefitinib-resistant phenotype and constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, a phenotype mimicked by our model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Fustaino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Parente
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Calandriello
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alemà
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
- European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), INFRAFRONTIER, Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, IBBC-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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28
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen TM, Ngoc DTM, You T, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Janus-Faced Role of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16255. [PMID: 38003445 PMCID: PMC10671265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is an essential cellular process in maintaining cell homeostasis. Still, its dysregulation is associated with the development of liver diseases, including HCC, which is one of leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. We focus on elucidating the dual role of autophagy in HCC, both in tumor initiation and progression, and highlighting the complex nature involved in the disease. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of a small subset of autophagy- and mitophagy-related molecules, revealing their specific functions during tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC cells. By understanding these mechanisms, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy effectively. The goal is to improve the therapeutic response of liver cancer cells and overcome drug resistance, providing new avenues for improved treatment options for HCC patients. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the complex role of autophagy in HCC and its potential as a target for innovative therapies aimed to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ha Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taesik You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cance Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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29
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Shrestha R, McCann T, Saravanan H, Lieberth J, Koirala P, Bloomekatz J. The myocardium utilizes a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade to steer toward the midline during zebrafish heart tube formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85930. [PMID: 37921445 PMCID: PMC10651176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell movement is a fundamental process in organ formation. During heart development, bilateral myocardial precursors collectively move toward the midline (cardiac fusion) to form the primitive heart tube. Extrinsic influences such as the adjacent anterior endoderm are known to be required for cardiac fusion. We previously showed however, that the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfra) is also required for cardiac fusion (Bloomekatz et al., 2017). Nevertheless, an intrinsic mechanism that regulates myocardial movement has not been elucidated. Here, we show that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) intracellular signaling pathway has an essential intrinsic role in the myocardium directing movement toward the midline. In vivo imaging further reveals midline-oriented dynamic myocardial membrane protrusions that become unpolarized in PI3K-inhibited zebrafish embryos where myocardial movements are misdirected and slower. Moreover, we find that PI3K activity is dependent on and interacts with Pdgfra to regulate myocardial movement. Together our findings reveal an intrinsic myocardial steering mechanism that responds to extrinsic cues during the initiation of cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Shrestha
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Tess McCann
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Harini Saravanan
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Jaret Lieberth
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Prashanna Koirala
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Department of Biology, University of MississippiUniversityUnited States
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30
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Flati I, Di Vito Nolfi M, Dall’Aglio F, Vecchiotti D, Verzella D, Alesse E, Capece D, Zazzeroni F. Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Immunometabolic Reprogramming: How the Wind Changes during Cancer Progression. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1953. [PMID: 37895302 PMCID: PMC10606647 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and the immunological state are intimately intertwined, as defense responses are bioenergetically expensive. Metabolic homeostasis is a key requirement for the proper function of immune cell subsets, and the perturbation of the immune-metabolic balance is a recurrent event in many human diseases, including cancer, due to nutrient fluctuation, hypoxia and additional metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although much remains to be understood in the field of immunometabolism, here, we report the current knowledge on both physiological and cancer-associated metabolic profiles of immune cells, and the main molecular circuits involved in their regulation, highlighting similarities and differences, and emphasizing immune metabolic liabilities that could be exploited in cancer therapy to overcome immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (I.F.); (M.D.V.N.); (F.D.); (D.V.); (D.V.); (E.A.); (F.Z.)
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31
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Linnert J, Güler BE, Krzysko J, Wolfrum U. The adhesion G protein-coupled receptor VLGR1/ADGRV1 controls autophagy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:313-330. [PMID: 37002809 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
VLGR1/ADGRV1 (very large G protein-coupled receptor-1) is the largest known adhesion G protein-coupled receptor. Mutations in VLGR1/ADGRV1 cause Usher syndrome (USH), the most common form of hereditary deaf-blindness, and have been additionally linked to epilepsy. Although VLGR1/ADGRV1 is almost ubiquitously expressed, little is known about the subcellular function and signalling of the VLGR1 protein and thus about mechanisms underlying the development of diseases. Using affinity proteomics, we identified key components of autophagosomes as putative interacting proteins of VLGR1. In addition, whole transcriptome sequencing of the retinae of the Vlgr1/del7TM mouse model revealed altered expression profiles of gene-related autophagy. Monitoring autophagy by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry of the LC3 and p62 as autophagy marker proteins revealed evoked autophagy in VLGR1-deficient hTERT-RPE1 cells and USH2C patient-derived fibroblasts. Our data demonstrate the molecular and functional interaction of VLGR1 with key components of the autophagy process and point to an essential role of VLGR1 in the regulation of autophagy at internal membranes. The close association of VLGR1 with autophagy helps to explain the pathomechanisms underlying human USH and epilepsy related to VLGR1 defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Linnert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Baran E Güler
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Krzysko
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Jalil AT, Hassan NF, Abdulameer SJ, Farhan ZM, Suleiman AA, Al-Azzawi AK, Zabibah R, Fadhil A. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway and inflammatory bowel disease: Current status and future prospects. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:910-917. [PMID: 36939850 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic life-limiting disease of gastrointestinal tract characterized by widespread enteric inflammation. IBD is a multifactorial disease, and different environmental, microbial, and immune-related factors give rise to the development of disease. Among several factors, the preponderance of pro-inflammatory T helper 17 cells over the anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells augments inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Prevailing evidence accentuates that PI3K signaling pathway plays a central role in the pathophysiology of the condition by regulating the inflammatory process in the gut mucosa. By recognizing the implications of PI3K in the pathogenesis of IBD, agents that could modulate this pathway have recently been at the focus of research, yielding encouraging results mainly in the experimental IBD models. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances, which may hold the keys to identify novel therapeutic strategies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeran Flaeh Hassan
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Sada Jasim Abdulameer
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Zainab Mohammed Farhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Rahman Zabibah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ali Fadhil
- College of Medical Technology, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Liu Y, Kong H, Cai H, Chen G, Chen H, Ruan W. Progression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1238782. [PMID: 37799975 PMCID: PMC10548138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1238782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by a slow progression and caused by the inhalation of harmful particulate matter. Cigarette smoke and air pollutants are the primary contributing factors. Currently, the pathogenesis of COPD remains incompletely understood. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has recently emerged as a critical regulator of inflammation and oxidative stress response in COPD, playing a pivotal role in the disease's progression and treatment. This paper reviews the association between the PI3K/Akt pathway and COPD, examines effective PI3K/Akt inhibitors and novel anti-COPD agents, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haobo Kong
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Heping Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guanru Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenyi Ruan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Singh P. MicroRNA based combinatorial therapy against TKIs resistant CML by inactivating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway: a review. Med Oncol 2023; 40:300. [PMID: 37713129 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by presence of Philadelphia chromosome, which harbors BCR-ABL oncogene responsible for encoding BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This oncoprotein interferes with cellular signaling pathways, resulting in tumor progression. Among these pathways, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is significantly upregulated in CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are current standard therapy for CML, and they have shown remarkable efficacy. However, emergence of TKIs drug resistance has necessitated investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Components of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway have emerged as attractive targets in this context, as this pathway is known to be activated in TKIs-resistant CML cells/patients. Inhibiting this pathway may provide a complementary approach to improving TKIs' efficacy and treatment outcomes. Given previous research indicating that miRNAs play an inhibitory role in cancer, current study used computational tools to identify miRNAs that specifically target pathway's core components. A comprehensive analysis was performed, resulting in identification of 111 miRNAs that potentially target PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. From this extensive list, 7 miRNAs was selected for further investigation based on their consistent downregulation across leukemia subtypes. Except for hsa-miR-199a-3p, remaining six miRNAs have been extensively studied in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Given high similarity between AML and CML, it is believed that six miRNAs which are not studied in context of CML may also be advantageous for curing chemoresistance in CML. Building upon this knowledge, it is reasonable to speculate that a combination therapy approach involving use of miRNAs alongside TKIs may offer improved therapy for TKIs-resistant CML compared to TKIs monotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, 151401, Bathinda, India.
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Zhang D, Chen X, Liu B, Yuan Y, Cui W, Zhu D, Zhu J, Duan S, Li C. The Temporal and Spatial Changes of Autophagy and PI3K Isoforms in Different Neural Cells After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5366-5377. [PMID: 37316758 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are limited therapeutic options for patient with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase family (PI3Ks) are the key molecules for regulating cell autophagy, which is a possible way of treating SCI. As we know, PI3K family are composed of eight isoforms, which are distributed into three classes. While the role of PI3Ks in regulating autophagy is controversial and the effects may be in a cell-specific manner. Different isoforms do not distribute in neural cells consistently and it is not clear how the PI3K isoforms regulate and interact with autophagy. Therefore, we explored the distributions and expression of different PI3K isoforms in two key neural cells (PC12 cells and astrocytes). The results showed that the expression of LC3II/I and p62, which are the markers of autophagy, changed in different patterns in PC12 cells and astrocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation injury (H/R). Furthermore, the mRNA level of eight PI3K isoforms did not change in the same way, and even for the same isoform the mRNA activities are different between PC12 cells and astrocytes. What is more, the results of western blot of PI3K isoforms after H/R were inconsistent with the relevant mRNA. Based on this study, the therapeutic effects of regulating autophagy on SCI are not confirmed definitely, and its molecular mechanisms may be related with different temporal and spatial patterns of activation and distributions of PI3K isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Baoge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jichao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
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36
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Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Bawankule AK, Aglawe MM, Taksande BG, Trivedi RV, Umekar MJ, Jamadagni A, Walse P, Koppula S, Kopalli SR. Overview on the Polyphenol Avenanthramide in Oats ( Avena sativa Linn.) as Regulators of PI3K Signaling in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3751. [PMID: 37686782 PMCID: PMC10489942 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Avenanthramides (Avns) and their derivatives, a group of polyphenolic compounds found abundantly in oats (Avena sativa Linn.), have emerged as promising candidates for neuroprotection due to their immense antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, present a significant global health burden with limited therapeutic options. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell survival, growth, and metabolism, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. The dysregulation of PI3K signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various NDDs including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Avns have been shown to modulate PI3K/AKT signaling, leading to increased neuronal survival, reduced oxidative stress, and improved cognitive function. This review explores the potential of Avn polyphenols as modulators of the PI3K signaling pathway, focusing on their beneficial effects against NDDs. Further, we outline the need for clinical exploration to elucidate the specific mechanisms of Avn action on the PI3K/AKT pathway and its potential interactions with other signaling cascades involved in neurodegeneration. Based on the available literature, using relevant keywords from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science, our review emphasizes the potential of using Avns as a therapeutic strategy for NDDs and warrants further investigation and clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L. Wankhede
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B. Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini K. Bawankule
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish M. Aglawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Brijesh G. Taksande
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi V. Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J. Umekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankush Jamadagni
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Prathamesh Walse
- Fortem Bioscience Private Limited, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Q, Liu X, Neri D, Li W, Favalli N, Bassi G, Yang S, Yang D, Vogt PK, Wang MW. Structural insights into the interaction of three Y-shaped ligands with PI3Kα. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304071120. [PMID: 37585458 PMCID: PMC10450665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is an important drug target because it is one of the most frequently mutated proteins in human cancers. However, small molecule inhibitors currently on the market or under development have safety concerns due to a lack of selectivity. Therefore, other chemical scaffolds or unique mechanisms of catalytic kinase inhibition are needed. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of wild-type PI3Kα, the dimer of p110α and p85α, in complex with three Y-shaped ligands [cpd16 (compound 16), cpd17 (compound 17), and cpd18 (compound 18)] of different affinities and no inhibitory effect on the kinase activity. Unlike ATP-competitive inhibitors, cpd17 adopts a Y-shaped conformation with one arm inserted into a binding pocket formed by R770 and W780 and the other arm lodged in the ATP-binding pocket at an angle that is different from that of the ATP phosphate tail. Such a special interaction induces a conformation of PI3Kα resembling that of the unliganded protein. These observations were confirmed with two isomers (cpd16 and cpd18). Further analysis of these Y-shaped ligands revealed the structural basis of differential binding affinities caused by stereo- or regiochemical modifications. Our results may offer a different direction toward the design of therapeutic agents against PI3Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Nicholas Favalli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Bassi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Peter K. Vogt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
- Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources, Sanya572025, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical College, Haikou570228, China
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38
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Zuccolo M, Orsini G, Quaglia M, Mirra L, Corno C, Carenini N, Perego P, Colombo D. Synthesis of N-oxyamide analogues of protein kinase B (Akt) targeting anionic glycoglycerolipids and their antiproliferative activity on human ovarian carcinoma cells. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6572-6587. [PMID: 37526931 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
N-Oxyamides of bioactive anionic glycoglycerolipids based on 2-O-β-D-glucosylglycerol were efficiently prepared. However, the oxidation step of the primary hydroxyl group of the glucose moiety in the presence of the N-oxyamide function appeared to be a difficult task that was nevertheless conveniently achieved for the first time by employing a chemoenzymatic laccase/TEMPO procedure. The obtained N-oxyamides exhibited a higher inhibition of proliferation of ovarian carcinoma IGROV-1 cells in serum-free medium than in complete medium, similarly to the corresponding bioactive esters. Stability and serum binding studies indicated that the observed reduced activity of the compounds in complete medium could be mainly due to a binding effect of serum proteins rather than the hydrolytic degradation of glycoglycerolipid acyl chains. Furthermore, the results of the cellular studies under serum-free conditions suggested that the N-oxyamide group could increase the antiproliferative activity of a glycoglycerolipid independently of the presence of the anionic carboxylic group. Cellular studies in other cell lines besides IGROV-1 also support a certain degree of selectivity of this series of compounds for tumor cells with Akt hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Orsini
- NOVA Institute of Chemical and Biological Technology António Xavier, New University of Lisbon, Av. da Repύblica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Martina Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Mirra
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Bayram E, Khatib G, Guney B, Kilicbagir E, Gulec HR, Boga I, Paydas S. A Rare Pathological Phenotype of Endometrioid Serous and Clear-Cell Ovarian Cancer with PIK3CA Mutations in Relation to The Excellent Response of Alpelisib. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1632. [PMID: 37628682 PMCID: PMC10454507 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic ovarian cancer who develop resistance to standard therapy with or without platinum need to search for other therapeutic choices. Therefore, identifying genetic alterations and selecting an approach to treatment using precision medicine techniques are important. In a patient diagnosed with mixed-type ovarian cancer after surgery, adjuvant therapy was applied with a combination of carboplatin and taxane, but the disease recurred. Upon evaluation of the patient as having platinum-sensitive epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), combination therapy with bevacizumab was initially successful. However, disease progression was again observed, and molecular analysis revealed the presence of an E545K mutation in the PIK3CA gene; therefore, a selective PI3K inhibitor, alpelisib, was used as a treatment under the compassionate-use protocol. The patient's complications improved after receiving the alpelisib medication. The patient has been in complete remission for over two years. This case serves as a rare example that confirms the utility of alpelisib in managing mixed-type ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Bayram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Ghanim Khatib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Burak Guney
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Emine Kilicbagir
- Department of Pathology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Huru Rabia Gulec
- Department of Biotechnology, Cukurova University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Ibrahim Boga
- AGENTEM (Adana Genetic Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment Center) and Medical Genetics Department of Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | - Semra Paydas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana 01250, Turkey;
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40
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Tsay A, Wang JC. The Role of PIK3R1 in Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12665. [PMID: 37628845 PMCID: PMC10454413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3R1 (also known as p85α) is a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). PI3K, a heterodimer of a regulatory subunit and a catalytic subunit, phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol into secondary signaling molecules involved in regulating metabolic homeostasis. PI3K converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3), which recruits protein kinase AKT to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane to be activated and to participate in various metabolic functions. PIK3R1 stabilizes and inhibits p110 catalytic activity and serves as an adaptor to interact with insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and growth factor receptors. Thus, mutations in PIK3R1 or altered expression of PIK3R1 could modulate the activity of PI3K and result in significant metabolic outcomes. Interestingly, recent studies also found PI3K-independent functions of PIK3R1. Overall, in this article, we will provide an updated review of the metabolic functions of PIK3R1 that includes studies of PIK3R1 in various metabolic tissues using animal models, the mechanisms modulating PIK3R1 activity, and studies on the mutations of human PIK3R1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Tsay
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Endocrinology Graduate Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Shaker ME, Gomaa HAM, Hazem SH, Abdelgawad MA, El-Mesery M, Shaaban AA. Mitigation of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity by the novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor alpelisib. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212771. [PMID: 37608890 PMCID: PMC10441125 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterile inflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and 9 is implicated in the massive hepatic damage caused by acetaminophen (APAP)-overdose. There is a crosstalk between TLR-dependent signaling with other intracellular kinases like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Nevertheless, the detailed role of PI3Kα is still unknown in hepatic sterile inflammation. Accordingly, the effect of the novel PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib was investigated in the setting of APAP-driven sterile inflammation in the liver. This was examined by pretreating mice with alpelisib (5 and 10 mg/kg, oral) 2 h before APAP (500 mg/kg, i.p.)-intoxication. The results indicated that alpelisib dose-dependently lowered APAP-induced escalation in serum liver function biomarkers and hepatic necroinflammation score. Alpelisib also attenuated APAP-induced rise in cleaved caspase 3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the liver hepatocytes, as indices for apoptosis and proliferation. Mechanistically, inhibition of PI3Kα by alpelisib limited APAP-induced overproduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the blood circulation via switching off the activation of several signal transduction proteins, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat-3), glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)-3β and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Alpelisib also impaired APAP-instigated immune cell infiltration in the liver via reducing systemic granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release and reversed APAP-induced abnormalities in the systemic and hepatic levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-22. In conclusion, selective modulation of the PI3Kα activity by alpelisib can hinder the inflammatory response and infiltration of immune cells occurring by APAP-hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham A. M. Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara H. Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jawf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ahmed A. Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
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42
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Lee WH, Najjar SM, Kahn CR, Hinds TD. Hepatic insulin receptor: new views on the mechanisms of liver disease. Metabolism 2023; 145:155607. [PMID: 37271372 PMCID: PMC10330768 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 % of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The development and progression of MAFLD involve hepatic insulin resistance and reduced insulin clearance. This review discusses the relationships between altered insulin signaling, hepatic insulin resistance, and reduced insulin clearance in the development of MAFLD and how this provides the impetus for exploring the use of insulin sensitizers to curb this disease. The review also explores the role of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells and how it signals in metabolic and end-stage liver diseases. Finally, we discuss new research findings that indicate that advanced hepatic diseases may be an insulin-sensitive state in the liver and deliberate whether insulin sensitizers should be used to manage late-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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43
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Gao Y, Luo L, Qu Y, Zhou Q. MFNG is an independent prognostic marker for osteosarcoma. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:256. [PMID: 37496053 PMCID: PMC10369729 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) has been the most common malignancy of the bone in children and adolescents, and the unsatisfactory prognosis of OS sufferers has long been a hard nut. Here, we delved into the markers with a prognostic value for predicting the prognosis of OS patients. METHODS The messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing data and clinical data of OS were retrieved from a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE39058). Next, prognosis-related genes (PRGs) were filtered with the aid of Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves and Cox regression analysis (CRA). Later, Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analysis was used in verifying the function of different genes. CCK-8 and cell apoptosis assay were performed to evaluate the function of MFNG in U2OS cells. RESULTS Among the obtained genes, Manic Fringe (MFNG) had the closest relevance to prognosis and clinical traits, thus becoming the research object herein. In light of the expression level of MFNG, patients fell into high- and low-MFNG groups. Patients with elevated MFNG expression had a worse prognosis, according to the survival analysis. It was unveiled by the univariate and multivariate analyses that MFNG expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival in OS patients (p = 0.006). Meanwhile, MFNG expression was linked to gender and tumor recurrence, and it was higher in patients with OS recurrence. Moreover, overexpression of MFNG promoted the cell proliferation and inhibited the cell apoptosis of U2OS cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of MFNG negatively correlated with OS progression, and as an independent adverse prognostic factor for disease-free survival in OS patients. Moreover, MFNG regulated the cell proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Qu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 25 Heping Bei Lu, Tianning District, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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44
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Chaturvedi S, Biswas M, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. Role of EGFR and FASN in breast cancer progression. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w. [PMID: 37490191 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) emerged as one of the life-threatening diseases among females. Despite notable improvements made in cancer detection and treatment worldwide, according to GLOBACAN 2020, BC is the fifth leading cancer, with an estimated 1 in 6 cancer deaths, in a majority of countries. However, the exact cause that leads to BC progression still needs to be determined. Here, we reviewed the role of two novel biomarkers responsible for 50-70% of BC progression. The first one is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which belongs to the ErbB tyrosine kinases family, signalling pathways associated with it play a significant role in regulating cell proliferation and division. Another one is fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key enzyme responsible for the de novo lipid synthesis required for cancer cell development. This review presents a rationale for the EGFR-mediated pathways, their interaction with FASN, communion of these two biomarkers with BC, and improvements to overcome drug resistance caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, 678623, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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45
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Yustein JT. Deciphering the Signaling Mechanisms of Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11367. [PMID: 37511127 PMCID: PMC10379831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric and adolescent populations. It has high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. In contrast to many other sarcomas, OS lacks conserved translocations or genetic mutations; instead, it has heterogeneous abnormalities, including somatic DNA copy number alteration, ploidy, chromosomal amplification, and chromosomal loss and gain. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes have not significantly improved in over 30 years. Currently, no effective molecularly targeted therapies are available for this disease. Several genomic studies showed inactivation in the tumor suppressor genes, including p53, RB, and ATRX, and hyperactivation of the tumor promoter genes, including MYC and MDM2, in OS. Alterations in the major signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog/Gli, TGF-β, RTKs, RANK/RANKL, and NF-κB signaling pathways, have been identified in OS development and metastasis. Although OS treatment is currently based on surgical excision and systematic multiagent therapies, several potential targeted therapies are in development. This review focuses on the major signaling pathways of OS, and we propose a biological rationale to consider novel and targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K Nirala
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taku Yamamichi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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46
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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang D, Zeng Z, Shen M, Okazaki R, Miyata H, Yonezawa T, Yoshida Y. ATP Consumption Is Coupled with Endocytosis in Exudated Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109039. [PMID: 37240384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil energy metabolism during phagocytosis has been previously reported, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in endocytosis. Neutrophils are prepared by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate for 4 h. We previously reported a system established for measuring particulate matter endocytosis by neutrophils using flow cytometry. In this study, we utilized this system to investigate the relationship between endocytosis and energy consumption in neutrophils. A dynamin inhibitor suppressed ATP consumption triggered by neutrophil endocytosis. In the presence of exogenous ATP, neutrophils behave differently during endocytosis depending on ATP concentration. The inhibition of ATP synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but not phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase suppresses neutrophil endocytosis. The nuclear factor kappa B was activated during endocytosis and inhibited by I kappa B kinase (IKK) inhibitors. Notably, IKK inhibitors restored endocytosis-triggered ATP consumption. Furthermore, data from the NLR family pyrin domain containing three knockout mice suggest that inflammasome activation is not involved in neutrophil endocytosis or concomitant ATP consumption. To summarize, these molecular events occur via endocytosis, which is closely related to ATP-centered energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Zirui Zeng
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mengyue Shen
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Medical Teaching, West China Center of Medical Sciences of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ryuji Okazaki
- Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyata
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tomo Yonezawa
- Division of Functional Genomics and Therapeutic Innovation, Research Center for Advanced Genomics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-14 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Chaudhuri P, Putta P, Graham LM, Rosenbaum MA. p85α regulatory subunit isoform controls PI3-kinase and TRPC6 membrane translocation. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102718. [PMID: 36934559 PMCID: PMC10084841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) by lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), increases the externalization of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels leading to a subsequent increase in intracellular calcium that contributes to cytoskeletal changes which inhibit endothelial cell (EC) migration in vitro and impair EC healing of arterial injuries in vivo. The PI3K p110α and p110δ catalytic subunit isoforms regulate lysoPC-induced TRPC6 externalization in vitro, but have many other functions. The goal of the current study is to identify the PI3K regulatory subunit isoform involved in TRPC6 externalization to potentially identify a more specific treatment regimen to improve EC migration and arterial healing, while minimizing off-target effects. Decreasing the p85α regulatory subunit isoform protein levels, but not the p85β and p55γ regulatory subunit isoforms, with small interfering RNA inhibits lysoPC-induced translocation of the PI3K catalytic subunit to the plasma membrane, dramatically decreased phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) production and TRPC6 externalization, and significantly improves EC migration in the presence of lysoPC. These results identify the important and specific role of p85α in controlling translocation of PI3K from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and PI3K-mediated TRPC externalization by oxidized lipids. Current PI3K inhibitors block the catalytic subunit, but our data suggest that the regulatory subunit is a novel therapeutic target to promote EC migration and healing after arterial injuries that occur with angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Research Service, Louis B. Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH, 44106, United States
| | - Priya Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service and Research Service, Louis B. Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Surgery 112(W), Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States.
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Khadela A, Postwala H, Rana D, Dave H, Ranch K, Boddu SHS. A review of recent advances in the novel therapeutic targets and immunotherapy for lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:152. [PMID: 37071269 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is amongst the most pervasive malignancies having high mortality rates. It is broadly grouped into non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The concept of personalized medicine has overshadowed the conventional chemotherapy given to all patients with lung cancer. The targeted therapy is given to a particular population having specific mutations to help in the better management of lung cancer. The targeting pathways for NSCLC include the epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, MET (Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) oncogene, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). SCLC targeting pathway includes Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitors, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK 1) pathway, WEE1 pathway, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL-Immune checkpoint inhibitors like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) blockade are also utilized in the management of lung cancer. Many of the targeted therapies are still under development and require clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy. This review summarizes the mechanism of molecular targets and immune-mediated targets, recently approved drugs, and their clinical trials for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Deval Rana
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Hetvi Dave
- Pharm.D Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ketan Ranch
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharm. Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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50
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Targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114244. [PMID: 36638594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a disorder with an increasing prevalence, which impairs the life quality of patients and intensifies societal health care costs. The development of safe and innovative prevention strategies and therapeutic approaches is thus of great importance. The complex pathophysiology of obesity involves multiple signaling pathways that influence energy metabolism in different tissues. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is critical for the metabolic homeostasis and its function in insulin-sensitive tissues is described in the context of health, obesity and obesity-related complications. The PI3K family participates in the regulation of diverse physiological processes including but not limited to cell growth, survival, differentiation, autophagy, chemotaxis, and metabolism depending on the cellular context. AKT is downstream of PI3K in the insulin signaling pathway, and promotes multiple cellular processes by targeting a plethora of regulatory proteins that control glucose and lipid metabolism. Natural products are essential for prevention and treatment of many human diseases, including obesity. Anti-obesity natural compounds effect multiple pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obesity development. Numerous recent preclinical studies reveal the advances in using plant secondary metabolites to target the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for obesity management. In this paper the druggability of PI3K as a target for compounds with anti-obesity potential is evaluated. Perspectives on the strategies and limitations for clinical implementation of obesity management using natural compounds modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway are suggested.
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