1
|
Koerber RM, Schneider RK, Pritchard JE, Teichmann LL, Schumacher U, Brossart P, Gütgemann I. Nestin expression in osteocytes following myeloablation and during bone marrow metastasis. Br J Haematol 2023; 200:643-651. [PMID: 36382360 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nestin is an intermediate filament protein, which was originally detected in neuroepithelial stem cells. Besides its use as a phenotypic marker of mesenchymal stem cells in the hematopoeitic stem cell niche, the functional interpretation of nestin+ cells remains elusive. We investigated the cellular expression of nestin in bone marrow trephine biopsies of MPN patients, following myeloablation at a stage of hypocellularity during early regeneration. Here, nestin is highly expressed in mature osteocytes, arteriolar endothelial and perivascular cells and small capillaries within the bone marrow space, but not in sinusoid lining cells. This is in stark contrast to nestin expression pattern in myeloproliferative neoplasms that show hypercellularity due to oncogenic driver mutations. Here, nestin is expressed exclusively in endothelial cells of arterioles, but not in osteocytes or small capillaries. Thus, the pattern of nestin expression following myeloablation inversely correlates with cellularity in the bone marrow. This nestin expression pattern is mimicking early postnatal transcriptional programming during bone marrow development. We show that nestin expression in osteocytes occurs across different species following transplant and also in bone marrow metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth-Miriam Koerber
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lino L Teichmann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ines Gütgemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kálmán M, Oszwald E, Pócsai K. Three-plane description of astroglial populations of OVLT subdivisions in rat: Tanycyte connections to distant parts of third ventricle. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2793-2812. [PMID: 31045238 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates glial and gliovascular markers of organon vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) in three planes. The distribution of glial markers displayed similarities to the subfornical organ. There was an inner part with vimentin- and nestin-immunopositive glia whereas GFAP and the water-channel aquaporin 4 were found at the periphery. This separation indicates different functions of the two regions. The presence of nestin may indicate stem cell-capabilities whereas aquaporin 4 has been reported to promote the osmoreceptor function. Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity was sparse like in the area postrema and subfornical organ. The laminin and β-dystroglycan immunolabelings altered along the vessels such as in the subfornical organ indicating altering gliovascular relations. The different subdivisions of OVLT received glial processes of different origins. The posterior periventricular zone contained short vimentin-immunopositive processes from the ependyma of the adjacent surface of the third ventricle. The lateral periventricular zone received forceps-like process systems from the anterolateral part of the third ventricle. Most interestingly, the "dorsal cap" received a mixed group of long GFAP- and vimentin-immunopositive processes from a distant part of the third ventricle. The processes may have two functions: a guidance for newly produced cells like radial glia in immature brain and/or a connection between distant parts of the third ventricle and OVLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Kálmán
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Oszwald
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Pócsai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naskar S, Kumaran V, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Neurogenesis-on-Chip: Electric field modulated transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell and mouse muscle precursor cell coculture. Biomaterials 2019; 226:119522. [PMID: 31669894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of bioengineering strategies, using biophysical stimulation, are being explored to guide the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMScs) into different lineages. In this context, we have limited understanding on the transdifferentiation of matured cells to another functional-cell type, when grown with stem cells, in a constrained cellular microenvironment under biophysical stimulation. While addressing such aspects, the present work reports the influence of the electric field (EF) stimulation on the phenotypic and functionality modulation of the coculture of murine myoblasts (C2C12) with hMScs [hMSc:C2C12=1:10] in a custom designed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based microfluidic device with in-built metal electrodes. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the immunofluorescence study confirms that the cocultured cells in the conditioned medium with astrocytic feed, exhibit differentiation towards neural-committed cells under biophysical stimulation in the range of the endogenous physiological electric field strength (8 ± 0.06 mV/mm). The control experiments using similar culture protocols revealed that while C2C12 monoculture exhibited myotube-like fused structures, the hMScs exhibited the neurosphere-like clusters with SOX2, nestin, βIII-tubulin expression. The electrophysiological study indicates the significant role of intercellular calcium signalling among the differentiated cells towards transdifferentiation. Furthermore, the depolarization induced calcium influx strongly supports neural-like behaviour for the electric field stimulated cells in coculture. The intriguing results are explained in terms of the paracrine signalling among the transdifferentiated cells in the electric field stimulated cellular microenvironment. In summary, the present study establishes the potential for neurogenesis on-chip for the coculture of hMSc and C2C12 cells under tailored electric field stimulation, in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Naskar
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Viswanathan Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Hidaka T, Sasaki Y, Tanaka E, Takagi M, Shibata T, Kubo A, Trejo JAO, Wang L, Asanuma K, Tomino Y. Neurofilament heavy polypeptide protects against reduction in synaptopodin expression and prevents podocyte detachment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17157. [PMID: 30464326 PMCID: PMC6249220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells that line the glomerulus of the kidney and play a role in filtration. Podocyte injury plays a critical role in the development of many kidney diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified that neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), an intermediate filament component, protects podocyte from injury. We observed that NEFH was upregulated after ADRIAMYCIN(ADR)-induced podocyte injury in both mice and cultured murine podocytes. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that NEFH was colocalized with synaptopodin, a podocyte-specific marker. High NEFH expression in podocytes prevented the Adriamycin-induced reduction in synaptopodin expression. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of NEFH in podocytes reduced the number of vinculin-containing focal contacts, thereby reducing adhesion to the extracellular matrix and increasing podocyte detachment. In addition, NEFH expression was significantly increased in renal biopsy specimens from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy, but in those with minimal change disease. These findings indicate that NEFH is expressed in podocytes during the disease course and that it prevents the reduction in synaptopodin expression and detachment of podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Teruo Hidaka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eriko Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takagi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Terumi Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ayano Kubo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Juan Alejandro Oliva Trejo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 NanjingBei Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Asian Pacific Renal Research Promotion Office, Medical Cooporation SHOWAKAI, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dusart P, Fagerberg L, Perisic L, Civelek M, Struck E, Hedin U, Uhlén M, Trégouët DA, Renné T, Odeberg J, Butler LM. A systems-approach reveals human nestin is an endothelial-enriched, angiogenesis-independent intermediate filament protein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14668. [PMID: 30279450 PMCID: PMC6168570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein nestin is expressed during embryonic development, but considered largely restricted to areas of regeneration in the adult. Here, we perform a body-wide transcriptome and protein-profiling analysis to reveal that nestin is constitutively, and highly-selectively, expressed in adult human endothelial cells (EC), independent of proliferative status. Correspondingly, we demonstrate that it is not a marker for tumour EC in multiple malignancy types. Imaging of EC from different vascular beds reveals nestin subcellular distribution is shear-modulated. siRNA inhibition of nestin increases EC proliferation, and nestin expression is reduced in atherosclerotic plaque neovessels. eQTL analysis reveals an association between SNPs linked to cardiovascular disease and reduced aortic EC nestin mRNA expression. Our study challenges the dogma that nestin is a marker of proliferation, and provides insight into its regulation and function in EC. Furthermore, our systems-based approach can be applied to investigate body-wide expression profiles of any candidate protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Perisic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eike Struck
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.,Coagulation Unit, Centre for Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M Butler
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bokhari AA, Baker TM, Dorjbal B, Waheed S, Zahn CM, Hamilton CA, Maxwell GL, Syed V. Nestin suppression attenuates invasive potential of endometrial cancer cells by downregulating TGF-β signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69733-69748. [PMID: 27626172 PMCID: PMC5342511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, an intermediate filament protein and a stem cell marker is expressed in several tumors. Until recently, little was known about the expression levels and the role of Nestin in endometrial cancer. Compared to the immortalized endometrial epithelial cell line EM-E6/E7-TERT, endometrial cancer cell lines express high to moderate levels of Nestin. Furthermore, endometrial tumors and tumor cell lines have a cancer stem-like cell subpopulation expressing CD133. Among the cancer lines, AN3CA and KLE cells exhibited both a significantly higher number of CD133+ cells and expressed Nestin at higher levels than Ishikawa cells. Knockdown of Nestin in AN3CA and KLE increased cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, whereas overexpression in Ishikawa decreased cells in G0/G1 phase and increased cells in S-phase. Nestin knockdown cells showed increased p21, p27, and PNCA levels and decreased expression of cyclin-D1 and D3. In contrast, Nestin overexpression revealed an inverse expression pattern of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Nestin knockdown inhibited cancer cell growth and invasive potential by downregulating TGF-β signaling components, MMP-2, MMP-9, vimentin, SNAIL, SLUG, Twist, N-cadherin, and upregulating the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin whereas the opposite was observed with Nestin overexpressing Ishikawa cells. Nestin knockdown also inhibited, while overexpression promoted invadopodia formation and pFAK expression. Knockdown of Nestin significantly reduced tumor volume in vivo. Finally, progesterone inhibited Nestin expression in endometrial cancer cells. These results suggest that Nestin can be a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Bokhari
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tabari M Baker
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Batsukh Dorjbal
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sana Waheed
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Christopher M Zahn
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024, USA
| | - Chad A Hamilton
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - G Larry Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Department of Defense Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, VA 22003, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.,Inova Fairfax Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Viqar Syed
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Water Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.,Uniformed Services University, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gordon RE, Zhang L, Yang ZJ. Restore the brake on tumor progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:1-6. [PMID: 28389227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays a key role in regulation of normal development. The negative feedback mechanism mediated by the transcriptional factor, Gli3, acts to finely tune Shh signaling, providing tight control of normal developmental processes. Hyperactivation of Shh signaling often leads to many human malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma (MB). However, how tumor cells sustain the aberrant activation of Shh signaling is still not completely understood. We recently revealed that during MB formation, tumor cells express Nestin, a type VI intermediate filament protein, which maintains uncontrolled Shh signaling by abolishing negative feedback by Gli3. Therefore, Nestin expression is a necessary step for MB formation. These findings highlight the novel function of Nestin in regulating Shh signaling, as well as the important role of a disrupted negative feedback mechanism in MB tumorigenesis. Further, restoration of the intrinsic negative feedback by repressing Nestin expression represents a promising approach to treat MB as well as other Shh signaling associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata E Gordon
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JS, Park SW, Hwang IY, Kim YW, Kim JH, Kim JH. Expression of Nestin on Endothelial Cells and Pericytes During Retinal Vascular Development in Mouse. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.3.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wook Park
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Yoshimura H, Yamashita S, Ushijima T, Arai T. Systemic Administration of Small Interfering RNA Targeting Human Nestin Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis. Pancreas 2016; 45:93-100. [PMID: 26335012 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nestin, a progenitor/stem cell marker, is expressed in human pancreatic cancer, where its expression correlates positively with invasiveness and metastasis. Here, we investigated the inhibition of nestin expression and the regulation of nestin expression. METHODS We analyzed the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting nestin using pancreatic cancer cell lines. RESULTS Nestin siRNA inhibited the growth, migration, invasion, and sphere-forming ability of the pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pancreatic cancer cells cotreated with gemcitabine and nestin siRNA exhibited lower cell viability than cells treated with a control siRNA, gemcitabine alone, or nestin siRNA alone. Cells derived from the metastatic nodules of mice showed higher nestin expression than the parental cells, and nestin expression in pancreatic cancer cells was regulated by methylation of the nestin gene. In an orthotopic implantation model using mice, administration of nestin siRNA significantly decreased primary and metastatic tumor formation by human pancreatic cancer cells compared to tumor formation in control siRNA-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Nestin plays a key role in pancreatic cancer cell metastasis and stemness and that administration of nestin siRNA may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- From the *Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku; †Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku; and ‡Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Characterization of Nestin, a Selective Marker for Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:762098. [PMID: 26236348 PMCID: PMC4506912 DOI: 10.1155/2015/762098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and contributing to tissue repair and regeneration. Characterization of the physiological function of MSCs has been largely hampered by lack of unique markers. Nestin, originally found in neuroepithelial stem cells, is an intermediate filament protein expressed in the early stages of development. Increasing studies have shown a particular association between Nestin and MSCs. Nestin could characterize a subset of bone marrow perivascular MSCs which contributed to bone development and closely contacted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Nestin expressing (Nes(+)) MSCs also play a role in the progression of various diseases. However, Nes(+) cells were reported to participate in angiogenesis as MSCs or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in several tissues and be a heterogeneous population comprising mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells in the developing bone marrow. In this review article, we will summarize the progress of the research on Nestin, particularly the function of Nes(+) cells in bone marrow, and discuss the feasibility of using Nestin as a specific marker for MSCs.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pócsai K, Kálmán M. Glial and perivascular structures in the subfornical organ: distinguishing the shell and core. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:367-83. [PMID: 25673286 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415575027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The subfornical organ (SFO) is a circumventricular organ with a chemosensitive function, and its vessels have no blood-brain barrier. Our study investigated the glial and vascular components in the SFO to determine whether their distributions indicate subdivisions, how to characterize the vessels and how to demarcate the SFO. To this end, we investigated glial markers (GFAP, glutamine synthetase, S100) and other markers, including vimentin and nestin (immature glia), laminin (basal lamina), β-dystroglycan (glio-vascular connections), and aquaporin 4 (glial water channels). We determined that the 'shell' of the SFO was marked by immunoreactivity for S100, GFAP and aquaporin 4. Nestin immunoreactivity was characteristic of the 'core'. Vimentin was almost evenly distributed. Glutamine synthetase immunoreactivity occurred in the shell but its expression was sparse. Vessels in the core were decorated with laminin but showed a discontinuous expression of aquaporin 4. Vimentin and GFAP staining was usually in separate glial elements, which may be related to their functional differences. Similar to other vessels in the brain, β-dystroglycan was detected along the shell vessels but laminin was not. The gradual disappearance of the laminin immunopositivity was attributed to the gradual disappearance of the perivascular space. Thus, our findings suggest that the shell and core glio-vascular structures are adapted to different sensory functions: osmoperception and the perception of circulating peptides, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Károly Pócsai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (KP, MK)
| | - Mihály Kálmán
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (KP, MK)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsuda Y, Ishiwata T, Yoshimura H, Hagio M, Arai T. Inhibition of nestin suppresses stem cell phenotype of glioblastomas through the alteration of post-translational modification of heat shock protein HSPA8/HSC71. Cancer Lett 2015; 357:602-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Birbrair A, Zhang T, Files DC, Mannava S, Smith T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Mintz A, Delbono O. Type-1 pericytes accumulate after tissue injury and produce collagen in an organ-dependent manner. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:122. [PMID: 25376879 PMCID: PMC4445991 DOI: 10.1186/scrt512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibrosis, or scar formation, is a pathological condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of collagen, loss of tissue architecture, and organ failure in response to uncontrolled wound healing. Several cellular populations have been implicated, including bone marrow-derived circulating fibrocytes, endothelial cells, resident fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and recently, perivascular cells called pericytes. We previously demonstrated pericyte functional heterogeneity in skeletal muscle. Whether pericyte subtypes are present in other tissues and whether a specific pericyte subset contributes to organ fibrosis are unknown. Methods Here, we report the presence of two pericyte subtypes, type-1 (Nestin-GFP-/NG2-DsRed+) and type-2 (Nestin-GFP+/NG2-DsRed+), surrounding blood vessels in lungs, kidneys, heart, spinal cord, and brain. Using Nestin-GFP/NG2-DsRed transgenic mice, we induced pulmonary, renal, cardiac, spinal cord, and cortical injuries to investigate the contributions of pericyte subtypes to fibrous tissue formation in vivo. Results A fraction of the lung’s collagen-producing cells corresponds to type-1 pericytes and kidney and heart pericytes do not produce collagen in pathological fibrosis. Note that type-1, but not type-2, pericytes increase and accumulate near the fibrotic tissue in all organs analyzed. Surprisingly, after CNS injury, type-1 pericytes differ from scar-forming PDGFRβ + cells. Conclusions Pericyte subpopulations respond differentially to tissue injury, and the production of collagen by type-1 pericytes is organ-dependent. Characterization of the mechanisms underlying scar formation generates cellular targets for future anti-fibrotic therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt512) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tampaki EC, Nakopoulou L, Tampakis A, Kontzoglou K, Weber WP, Kouraklis G. Nestin involvement in tissue injury and cancer--a potential tumor marker? Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:305-15. [PMID: 25164879 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In eukaryotic cells, the cytoskeleton contains three major filamentous components: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Nestin represents one of the class VI intermediate filament proteins. Clinical and molecular analyses have revealed substantial information regarding the presence of Nestin in cells with progenitor or stem cell properties. During tissue injury Nestin is expressed in cells with progenitor cell-like properties. These cells may serve as a tissue reserve and, as such, may contribute to tissue repair. Based on currently available data, Nestin also appears to be implicated in two oncogenic processes. First, Nestin has been found to be expressed in cancer stem-like cells and poorly differentiated cancer cells and, as such, Nestin is thought to contribute to the aggressive behavior of these cells. Second, Nestin has been found to be involved in tumor angiogenesis through an interaction of cancer cells and blood vessel endothelial cells and, as such, Nestin is thought to facilitate tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Nestin may serve as a promising tumor marker and as a potential therapeutic target amenable to tumor suppression and angiogenesis inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Christina Tampaki
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527, Athens, Greece,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Golbar HM, Izawa T, Wijesundera KK, Tennakoon AH, Katou-Ichikawa C, Tanaka M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Expression of nestin in remodelling of α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute bile duct injury in rats. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:255-63. [PMID: 25087881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The function of the intermediate filament protein nestin is poorly understood. The significance of nestin expression was assessed in α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholangiocyte injury lesions in F344 rats. Liver samples obtained from rats injected intraperitoneally with ANIT (75 mg/kg) on post-injection days 0 (control) and 1-12 were labelled immunohistochemically for expression of nestin and markers specific for mesenchymal cells (vimentin), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), endothelial cells (rat endothelial cell antigen [RECA]-1), cholangiocytes (cytokeratin [CK] 19) and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Cholangiocyte injury led to infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages followed by aggregation of mesenchymal cells and regeneration of bile ducts. Nestin expression was detected in mesenchymal cells (vimentin positive) on days 1-7 with a peak on days 3-5 and in newly-formed RECA-1-positive endothelial cells on day 3. Nestin expression was also observed in regenerating CK19-positive cholangiocytes on days 2-5, with a peak on day 3. Labelling for Ki67 showed proliferation of cholangiocytes, mesenchymal cells and HSCs. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with microdissected samples showed significantly elevated nestin mRNA on day 3. The findings suggest an association between nestin expression and cellular proliferation. Based on these findings, it was considered that nestin-expressing mesenchymal cells, HSCs and endothelial cells may be possible progenitors of repopulating cholangiocytes. Nestin expression may serve as an indicator for cellular remodelling and behaviour of injured and repopulating bile ducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Golbar
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - T Izawa
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - K K Wijesundera
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - A H Tennakoon
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - C Katou-Ichikawa
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - M Kuwamura
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - J Yamate
- Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano City, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adorjan I, Bindics K, Galgoczy P, Kalman M. Phases of intermediate filament composition in Bergmann glia following cerebellar injury in adult rat. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2095-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
17
|
Narita K, Matsuda Y, Seike M, Naito Z, Gemma A, Ishiwata T. Nestin regulates proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness of lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1118-30. [PMID: 24481417 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament, is known to be a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker as well as a neuroepithelial stem cell marker. High expression levels of nestin are reported in several types of cancers including lung, pancreatic and prostate cancers. Nestin is thought to regulate tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and CSC properties. Here, we confirmed nestin expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Immunohistochemical analysis in surgical specimens detected nestin protein expression in the cytoplasm of 20 of 48 adenocarcinoma (AD) cases (41.7%) and 25 of 47 squamous cell carcinoma cases (53.2%). Nestin immunoreactivity significantly correlated with not only tumor size and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC, but also poor survival in surgical patients with AD. High and moderate expression levels of nestin were confirmed in several lung AD cell lines including H1975 and PC-3. Nestin inhibition by shRNA decreased proliferation, migration, invasion and sphere formation in AD cells. Correspondingly, nestin upregulation by nestin gene transfection resulted in the opposite changes. Moreover, Akt inhibitor IV effectively decreased nestin expression via SRY-box containing protein 2 (Sox2) downregulation and overcame the enhanced sphere formation induced by nestin upregulation. Overall, our results show that nestin correlates with the aggressiveness and stemness of AD. Regulation of nestin via Akt/Sox2 is, thus, a promising candidate for novel therapeutic approaches to eradicate CSCs in lung AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Narita
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Departments of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wong ZR, Su PH, Chang KW, Huang BM, Lee H, Yang HY. Identification of a rod domain-truncated isoform of nestin, Nes-SΔ107–254, in rat dorsal root ganglia. Neurosci Lett 2013; 553:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Su PH, Chen CC, Chang YF, Wong ZR, Chang KW, Huang BM, Yang HY. Identification and cytoprotective function of a novel nestin isoform, Nes-S, in dorsal root ganglia neurons. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8391-8404. [PMID: 23319587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.408179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the first nestin isoform, Nes-S, was identified in neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of adult rats. Nes-S cannot form filaments by itself in cytoplasmic intermediate filament-free SW13 cells. Instead, it co-assembles into filaments with vimentin when transfected into vimentin(+) SW13 cells, and with peripherin and neurofilament proteins when transfected into N2a cells. In primary DRG neurons, endogenous Nes-S co-assembles with peripherin and neurofilament proteins. The expression of Nes-S first appears in DRG at postnatal day 5 and persists to adulthood. Among the adult tissues we examined, the expression of Nes-S is restricted to the sensory and motor neurons. Finally, exogenous Nes-S enhances viability when transfected into N2a cells, and knockdown of endogenous Nes-S impairs the survival of DRG neurons in primary cultures. Taken together, Nes-S is a new neuronal intermediate filament protein that exerts a cytoprotective function in mature sensory and motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Han Su
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fan Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Ruei Wong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Skeletal muscle neural progenitor cells exhibit properties of NG2-glia. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:45-63. [PMID: 22999866 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reversing brain degeneration and trauma lesions will depend on cell therapy. Our previous work identified neural precursor cells derived from the skeletal muscle of Nestin-GFP transgenic mice, but their identity, origin, and potential survival in the brain are only vaguely understood. In this work, we show that Nestin-GFP+ progenitor cells share morphological and molecular markers with NG2-glia, including NG2, PDGFRα, O4, NGF receptor (p75), glutamate receptor-1(AMPA), and A2B5 expression. Although these cells exhibit NG2, they do not express other pericyte markers, such as α-SMA or connexin-43, and do not differentiate into the muscle lineage. Patch-clamp studies displayed outward potassium currents, probably carried through Kir6.1 channels. Given their potential therapeutic application, we compared their abundance in tissues and concluded that skeletal muscle is the richest source of predifferentiated neural precursor cells. We found that these cells migrate toward the neurogenic subventricular zone displaying their typical morphology and nestin-GFP expression two weeks after brain injection. For translational purposes, we sought to identify these neural progenitor cells in wild-type species by developing a DsRed expression vector under Nestin-Intron II control. This approach revealed them in nonhuman primates and aging rodents throughout the lifespan.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ryuge S, Sato Y, Jiang SX, Wang G, Matsumoto T, Katono K, Inoue H, Iyoda A, Satoh Y, Yoshimura H, Masuda N. Prognostic impact of nestin expression in resected large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2012; 77:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Skarda J, Kolar Z, Janikova M, Radova L, Kolek V, Fridman E, Kopolovic J. Analysis of the prognostic impact of nestin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:135-42. [PMID: 22837134 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
23
|
Sato A, Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Yamamoto T, Asakura H, Takeshita T, Naito Z. Expression and role of nestin in human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:441-8. [PMID: 22580387 PMCID: PMC3582985 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nestin expression reportedly correlates with aggressive growth, metastasis, poor prognosis and presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various tumors. In this study, we determined the expression and role of nestin in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. We performed immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses of nestin in 26 cases for each stage of CIN and 55 cervical cancer tissue samples. To examine the role of nestin in cervical cancer cells, we stably transfected expression vectors containing nestin cDNA into ME-180 cells. We studied the effects of increased nestin expression on cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion as well as sphere and soft agar formation. Nestin was not localized in the squamous epithelium in normal cervical tissues, but it was weakly expressed in the basal squamous epithelium of CIN 1. In CIN 2, nestin was localized to the basal to lower 2/3 of the squamous epithelium, whereas in CIN 3, it was localized to the majority of the squamous epithelium. Nestin was detected in all cases of invasive cervical cancer. Nestin mRNA was expressed in both ME-180 and CaSki cells. Growth rate, cell motility and invasion ability of stably nestin-transfected ME-180 cells were not different from empty vector-transfected ME-180 (mock cells). However, the nestin-transfected ME-180 cells formed more colonies and spheres compared to the mock cells. These findings suggest that nestin plays important roles in carcinogenesis and tumor formation of cervical cancer cells. Nestin may closely correlate with regulation of CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Sato
- Department of Pathology and Integrative Oncological Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee JH, Park HS, Shin JM, Chun MH, Oh SJ. Nestin expressing progenitor cells during establishment of the neural retina and its vasculature. Anat Cell Biol 2012; 45:38-46. [PMID: 22536550 PMCID: PMC3328739 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to test if nestin is a useful marker for various types of progenitor cells, we explored nestin expression in the retina during development. Nestin expression was co-evaluated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GSIB4) histochemistry. Nestin immunoreactivity appears in cell soma of dividing neural progenitor cells and their leading processes in retinas from embryonic day (E) 13 to E20, in accordance with a BrdU-labeled pattern. At postnatal day (P) 5, it is restricted to the end feet of Müller cells. BrdU-labeled nuclei were mainly in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer in postnatal neonates. The retinal vessels demarcated with GSIB4-positive endothelial cells were first distributed in the nerve fiber layer from P3. Afterward the vascular branches sprouted and penetrated deeply into the retina. The endothelial cells positive for GSIB4 and the pericytes in the microvessels were additionally immunoreactive for nestin. Interestingly, the presumed migrating microglial cells showing only GSIB4 reactivity preceded the microvessels throughout the neuroblast layer during vascular sprouting and extension. These findings may suggest that nestin expression represents the proliferation and movement potential of the neural progenitor cells as well as the progenitor cells of the endothelial cell and the pericyte during retinal development. Thus, Müller glial cells might be potential neural progenitor cells of the retina, and the retinal microvasculature established by both the endothelial and the pericyte progenitor cells via vasculogenesis along microglia migrating routes sustains its angiogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Increased expression of nestin in the major pelvic ganglion following cavernous nerve injury. Int J Impot Res 2011; 24:84-90. [PMID: 21993267 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2011.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify neuronal repair mechanisms of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG), we evaluated changes in the expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein and neural stem cell marker following cavernous nerve crush injury (CNI). We utilized two groups of Sprague Dawley rats: (i) sham and (ii) bilateral CNI. Erectile responses to cavernous nerve stimulation (CNS) were determined at 48 h in a subset of rats. The MPG was isolated and removed at 48 h after CNI, and nestin immunolocalization, protein levels and RNA expression were evaluated. At 48 h, erectile responses to CNS in CNI rats were substantially reduced (P<0.05; ∼70% decrease in intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure) compared with sham surgery controls. This coincided with a dramatic 10-fold increase (P<0.05) in nestin messenger RNA expression and protein levels in the MPG of rats with CNI. Immunoflourescence microscopy demonstrated that nestin upregulation after CNI occurred within the ganglion cell bodies and nerve fibers of the MPG. In conclusion, CNI induces nestin in the MPG. These data suggest that nestin may be involved in the regenerative process of the cavernous nerve following crush injury.
Collapse
|
26
|
Matsuda Y, Naito Z, Kawahara K, Nakazawa N, Korc M, Ishiwata T. Nestin is a novel target for suppressing pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:512-23. [PMID: 21258211 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.5.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, is a class VI intermediate filament (IF) that is expressed in 30% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases, and its expression in PDAC positively correlates with peripancreatic invasion. An expression vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting nestin was stably transfected into PANC-1 and PK-45H human pancreatic cancer cells, which express high nestin levels. Alterations in morphology and alignment of actin filaments and α-tubulin were examined by phase-contrast and immunocytochemistry. Effects on cell growth, migration in scratch and Boyden chamber assays, invasion, cell adhesion, and in vivo growth were determined. Differences in mRNA levels were examined by arrays. Nestin shRNA-transfected cells exhibited decreased nestin expression, a sheet-like appearance with tight cell-cell adhesion, increased expression of filamentous F-actin and E-cadherin, and attenuated migration and invasion, both of which were enhanced following nestin re-expression. Expression of α-tubulin, and in vitro cell growth and adhesion were not altered by nestin down-regulation, whereas hepatic metastases were decreased. Thus, nestin plays important roles in pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis by selectively modulating the expression of actin and cell adhesion molecules, and may therefore be a novel therapeutic target in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krupkova O, Loja T, Redova M, Neradil J, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Veselska R. Analysis of nuclear nestin localization in cell lines derived from neurogenic tumors. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:631-9. [PMID: 21340483 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin is a class VI intermediate filament protein expressed in the cytoplasm of stem and progenitor cells in the mammalian CNS during development. In adults, nestin is present only in a small subset of cells and tissues, including the subventricular zone of the adult mammalian brain, where neurogenesis occurs. Nestin expression has also been detected under such pathological conditions as ischemia, inflammation, and brain injury, as well as in various types of human solid tumors and their corresponding cell lines. Furthermore, nestin was recently found in the nuclei of glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and angiosarcoma cells and it was proved to interact directly with the nuclear DNA in neuroblastoma cells. Here, we perform the first study of the intracellular distribution of nestin in cell lines derived from neurogenic tumors. Using immunodetection methods, we examined nestin expression in tumor-derived cell lines obtained from 11 patients with neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, or glioblastoma multiforme. Besides its standard cytoplasmic localization, nestin was present in the nuclei of two neuroblastoma cell lines and one medulloblastoma cell line. Nestin was only present in the nuclei of cells with diffuse cytoplasmic staining for this protein, and the proportion of cells positive for nestin in nuclei, as well as the intensity of staining, varied. The presence of nestin in the nuclei was confirmed by both transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Our results indicate that the presence of nestin in the nuclei of tumor cells is not very rare, especially under in vitro conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krupkova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Genetics, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xue XJ, Yuan XB. Nestin is essential for mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2010; 45:26-36. [PMID: 20510364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament (IF) protein nestin is a widely accepted molecular marker for neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but its function during neurogenesis remains largely unknown. We found that in embryonic cortical NPCs down-regulation of the expression of nestin, but not its co-polymer IF protein vimentin, resulted in a G1 cell-cycle arrest and a severe reduction in the generation of neurons. Furthermore, down-regulating nestin expression in cultured cortical NPCs markedly suppressed their colony-formation ability and blocked the elevation of the cyclin D1/E protein level in response to the treatment with bFGF. Interestingly, nestin down-regulation caused a marked suppression in the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in these NPCs. Moreover, defects in the proliferation of cortical NPCs caused by nestin down-regulation could be prevented by up-regulating PI3K activity. Thus, nestin is essential for the proliferation of NPCs by promoting the activation of PI3K in response to mitogenic growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Xue
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rajamanickam S, Velmurugan B, Kaur M, Singh RP, Agarwal R. Chemoprevention of intestinal tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice by silibinin. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2368-78. [PMID: 20215518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is a practical and translational approach to reduce the risk of various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), which is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Accordingly, here we assessed chemopreventive efficacy and associated mechanisms of long-term silibinin feeding on spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the APC(min/+) mice model. Six-week-old APC(min/+) mice were p.o. fed with vehicle control (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.025% Tween 20 in distilled water) or 750 mg silibinin/kg body weight in vehicle for 5 d/wk for 13 weeks and then sacrificed. Silibinin feeding strongly prevented intestinal tumorigenesis in terms of polyp formation in proximal, middle, and distal portions of small intestine by 27% (P < 0.001), 34% (P < 0.001), and 49% (P < 0.001), respectively. In colon, we observed 55% (P < 0.01) reduction in number of polyps by silibinin treatment. In size distribution analysis, silibinin showed significant decrease in large-size polyps (>3 mm) by 66% (P < 0.01) and 88% (P < 0.001) in middle and distal portions of small intestine, respectively. More importantly, silibinin caused a complete suppression in >3 mm sized polyps and 92% reduction in >2 to 3 mm sized polyps in colon. Molecular analyses of polyps suggested that silibinin exerts its chemopreventive efficacy by inhibiting cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis; decreasing beta-catenin levels and transcriptional activity; and modulating the expression profile of cytokines. These results show for the first time the efficacy and associated mechanisms of long-term p.o. silibinin feeding against spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis in the APC(min/+) mice model, suggesting its chemopreventive potential against intestinal cancers including CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subapriya Rajamanickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen HL, Yuh CH, Wu KK. Nestin is essential for zebrafish brain and eye development through control of progenitor cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9318. [PMID: 20174467 PMCID: PMC2824827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nestin is expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPC) of developing brain. Despite its wide use as an NPC marker, the function of nestin in embryo development is unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings As nestin is conserved in zebrafish and its predicted sequence is clustered with the mammalian nestin orthologue, we used zebrafish as a model to investigate its role in embryogenesis. Injection of nestin morpholino (MO) into fertilized eggs induced time- and dose-dependent brain and eye developmental defects. Nestin morphants exhibited characteristic morphological changes including small head, small eyes and hydrocephalus. Histological examinations show reduced hind- and mid-brain size, dilated ventricle, poorly organized retina and underdeveloped lens. Injection of control nestin MO did not induce brain or eye changes. Nestin MO injection reduced expression of ascl1b (achaete-scute complex-like 1b), a marker of NPCs, without affecting its distribution. Nestin MO did not influence Elavl3/4 (Embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila-like 3/4) (a neuronal marker), or otx2 (a midbrain neuronal marker), but severely perturbed cranial motor nerve development and axon distribution. To determine whether the developmental defects are due to excessive NPC apoptosis and/or reduced NPC proliferation, we analyzed apoptosis by TUNEL assay and acridine orange staining and proliferation by BrdU incorporation, pcna and mcm5 expressions. Excessive apoptosis was noted in hindbrain and midbrain cells. Apoptotic signals were colocalized with ascl1b. Proliferation markers were not significantly altered by nestin MO. Conclusion/Significance These results suggest that nestin is essential for zebrafish brain and eye development probably through control of progenitor cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Hwa Yuh
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K. Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Takamori Y, Mori T, Wakabayashi T, Nagasaka Y, Matsuzaki T, Yamada H. Nestin-positive microglia in adult rat cerebral cortex. Brain Res 2009; 1270:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
32
|
Infiltration of nestin-expressing cells in interstitial fibrosis in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy. Transplantation 2008; 86:571-7. [PMID: 18724228 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181820470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin-expressing cells play a role in the repair process of injured tissues and organs. This study examined the nestin-expressing cells in interstitial fibrosis in experimental chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) nephropathy. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were treated daily for 1 or 4 weeks with CsA (15 mg/kg) or vehicle (VH; olive oil, 1 mg/kg). Nestin mRNA expression was evaluated with reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction, and nestin-expressing cells were detected immunohistochemically. Localization of nestin was performed with double labeling studies for vimentin, aquaporin 1, or calbindin D28K. RESULTS Nestin mRNA expression was not different between VH- and CsA-treated rat kidneys. Nestin-expressing cells were rarely observed in the cortex in the VH group, but CsA-induced renal injury caused an increase in nestin-expressing cells in the cortex in a time-dependent manner. Nestin-expressing cells in the CsA group were localized to the area of interstitial fibrosis, and the number of nestin-expressing cells well correlated with the score of interstitial fibrosis (r=0.898). Nestin-expressing cells did not express vimentin, aquaporin 1, or calbindin D28K. CONCLUSIONS CsA-induced renal injury recruits nestin-expressing cells to injured areas, and these cells might be involved in reparative fibrosis in the progression of chronic CsA nephropathy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kawamoto M, Ishiwata T, Cho K, Uchida E, Korc M, Naito Z, Tajiri T. Nestin expression correlates with nerve and retroperitoneal tissue invasion in pancreatic cancer. Hum Pathol 2008; 40:189-98. [PMID: 18799194 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nestin was first described as an intermediate filament protein expressed in neuroepithelial stem cells. Nestin expression has also been reported in brain tumors, schwannomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and melanomas. In the pancreas, Nestin expression has been detected in exocrine and mesenchymal cells, including stellate cells, pericytes, and endothelial cells. In the present study, we examined Nestin expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and sought to determine its role in this malignancy. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of Nestin mRNA in all 10 tested pancreatic cancer cell lines, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that Nestin mRNA levels were highest in PANC-1 cells and lowest in PK-8 cells. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that Nestin localized in the outer cytoplasm of PANC-1 cells. Nestin immunoreactivity was present in the cancer cells in 20 (33.3%) of 60 cancer cases, and its expression was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Nestin expression was also increased in peripheral nerve fibers adjacent to cancer cells and in peripheral nerve fibers invaded by cancer cells. Clinicopathologically, there was a statistically significant association between Nestin expression in pancreatic cancer cells and nerve invasion (P = .010) and the presence of cancer cells in the tumor resection margins (P = .003). Nestin-positive cases exhibited similar survival after resection by comparison with Nestin-negative cases, irrespective of whether they were given adjuvant therapy. These findings indicate that Nestin expression in pancreatic cancer cells may contribute to nerve and stromal invasion in this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kawamoto
- Surgery for Organ and Biological Regulation-Department of Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khanamiryan L, Li Z, Paulin D, Xue Z. Self-Assembly Incompetence of Synemin Is Related to the Property of Its Head and Rod Domains. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9531-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800912w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Khanamiryan
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7079, Paris, France, and CNRS UMR 7079, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7079, Paris, France, and CNRS UMR 7079, Paris, France
| | - Denise Paulin
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7079, Paris, France, and CNRS UMR 7079, Paris, France
| | - Zhigang Xue
- UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR 7079, Paris, France, and CNRS UMR 7079, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
This literature review reflects current knowledge on the intermediate filament protein nestin, which most authors regard as a marker of "neural stem/progenitor cells." The structural-functional characteristics of nestin and its presence in various central nervous system cells at different stages of ontogenesis in normal and pathological conditions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Gilyarov
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, St. Petersburg
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sunabori T, Tokunaga A, Nagai T, Sawamoto K, Okabe M, Miyawaki A, Matsuzaki Y, Miyata T, Okano H. Cell-cycle-specific nestin expression coordinates with morphological changes in embryonic cortical neural progenitors. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:1204-12. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.025064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During brain development, neural progenitor cells extend across the thickening brain wall and undergo mitosis. To understand how these two completely different cellular events are coordinated, we focused on the transcription pattern of the nestin gene (Nes), which encodes an intermediate filament protein strongly expressed in neural progenitor cells. To visualize nestin expression in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that expressed a destabilized fluorescent protein under the control of Nes second intronic enhancer (E/nestin:dVenus). During the neurogenic stage, when the brain wall thickens markedly, we found that nestin was regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. Time-lapse imaging showed that nestin gene expression was upregulated during G1-S phase, when the neural progenitor cells elongate their fibers. However, nestin expression dramatically declined in G2-M phase, when progenitor cells round up to undergo mitosis. The cell-cycle-dependent phosphorylation of an upstream regulator class III POU transcription factor (Pou3f2 or Brn2) reduced its binding activity to the nestin core enhancer element and was therefore responsible for the decreased Nes transcription in G2-M phase. Collectively, these findings demonstrate precisely orchestrated gene regulation that correlates with the 3D morphological changes in neural progenitor cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Sunabori
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Bridgestone Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Solution Oriented Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (SORST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akinori Tokunaga
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Solution Oriented Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (SORST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Advanced Technology Development Center, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory for Nanosystems Physiology, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Bridgestone Laboratory of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, Advanced Technology Development Center, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Solution Oriented Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (SORST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Perry J, Ho M, Viero S, Zheng K, Jacobs R, Thorner PS. The intermediate filament nestin is highly expressed in normal human podocytes and podocytes in glomerular disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007; 10:369-82. [PMID: 17929992 DOI: 10.2350/06-11-0193.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The intermediate protein nestin is expressed in proliferating embryonic tissues and adult tissues undergoing repair. Recently this protein been identified in rodent podocytes. Its role in this cell is unknown, since podocytes are believed to be terminally differentiated and nondividing. We report the first study of nestin in human kidney. Nestin expression in normal mature human glomeruli was confined to podocytes. In developing kidney, nestin was detected in metanephric blastema and in podocytic cells at all stages of glomerular development. Nestin co-localized with vimentin but not with actin or heavy chain myosin IIA, using a mouse podocyte cell line. Knockdown of nestin in a murine podocyte cell line failed to produce any obvious phenotypic change or alteration in vimentin distribution but was associated with increased cell cycling. A survey of glomerular diseases failed to identify any condition lacking nestin, indicating that the protein is critical for some aspect of podocyte function. Perhaps through an association with vimentin, nestin serves to bolster the mechanical strength of these cells that experience high tensile stress during glomerular filtration. Nestin was also expressed in podocytes that are reported to be 'dysregulated' (lacking podocyte markers). Thus, nestin has a potential as a reliable podocyte marker, even for podocytes that are not completely differentiated (for example, during development) or 'dedifferentiated' in glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Perry
- Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Su W, Chen J, Yang H, You L, Xu L, Wang X, Li R, Gao L, Gu Y, Lin S, Xu H, Breyer MD, Hao CM. Expression of nestin in the podocytes of normal and diseased human kidneys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R1761-7. [PMID: 17255215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00319.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The complex cyto-architecture of the podocyte is critical for glomerular permselectivity. The present study characterizes the expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein, in human kidneys. In normal kidneys, nestin was detected at the periphery of glomerular capillary loops. Colabeling showed nestin was expressed in WT1-positive cells. Within the podocyte, nestin immunoreactivity was present in the cell body and primary process. This was supported by immunoelectron microscopy. Nestin also colocalized with vimentin in the periphery of capillary loops but not in the mesangium. Nestin was not detected in other structures of the adult human kidney. To determine the potential role of nestin in proteinuria, nestin was examined in kidney biopsies from patients with or without proteinuria. These patients were diagnosed with IgA nephropathy with mild mesangial expansion but without proteinuria, IgA nephropathy with proteinuria, membranous nephropathy (MN), and focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). The distribution of nestin in these biopsies was similar to that in the normal kidney. Semiquantitative analysis of immunostaining showed that glomerular nestin expression in IgA nephropathy without proteinuria was not different from normal kidney; however, nestin expression in kidneys of patients with IgA nephropathy and proteinuria, or MN and FSGS with proteinuria was significantly reduced compared with normal kidney ( P < 0.01). Reduced nestin mRNA expression in the patients with IgA nephropathy with proteinuria and FSGN was also observed by quantitative real-time PCR. These studies suggest that nestin may play an important role in maintaining normal podocyte function in the human kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR Chiina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sakairi T, Hiromura K, Yamashita S, Takeuchi S, Tomioka M, Ideura H, Maeshima A, Kaneko Y, Kuroiwa T, Nangaku M, Takeuchi T, Nojima Y. Nestin expression in the kidney with an obstructed ureter. Kidney Int 2007; 72:307-18. [PMID: 17429339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nestin is an intermediate filament protein originally identified in neuroepithelial stem cells. This cytoskeletal-associated protein is also expressed in some non-neuronal organs including renal tubular cells and glomerular endothelial cells during kidney development. Little is known, however, about nestin expression in the kidney during injury. In this study, we find nestin expression induced in renal tubular and interstitial myofibroblasts in the adult rat kidney following unilateral ureteral obstruction. The degree of nestin expression was well correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical identification of specific nephron segments showed that nestin was primarily expressed by proximal tubules, partially by distal tubules and thick ascending limbs of Henle but not by collecting ducts. The nestin-positive tubular cells also expressed vimentin and heat-shock protein 47 (HSP47) suggesting these cells reverted to a mesenchymal phenotype. Not all vimentin- or HSP-expressing cells expressed nestin; however, suggesting that nestin is distinct from these conventional mesenchymal markers. Nestin expression was also found associated with phenotypical changes in cultured renal cells induced by hypoxia or transforming growth factor-beta. Nestin expression was located in hypoxic regions of the kidney with an obstructed ureter. Our results indicate that nestin could be a novel marker for tubulointerstitial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sakairi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jing R, Wilhelmsson U, Goodwill W, Li L, Pan Y, Pekny M, Skalli O. Synemin is expressed in reactive astrocytes in neurotrauma and interacts differentially with vimentin and GFAP intermediate filament networks. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:1267-77. [PMID: 17356066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature astrocytes and astrocytoma cells contain synemin and three other intermediate filament (IF) proteins: glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and nestin. Here, we show that, after neurotrauma, reactive astrocytes produce synemin and thus propose synemin as a new marker of reactive astrocytes. Comparison of synemin mRNA and protein levels in brain tissues and astrocyte cultures from wild-type, Vim-/- and Gfap-/-Vim-/- mice showed that in the absence of vimentin, synemin protein was undetectable although synemin mRNA was present at wild-type levels. By contrast, in Gfap-/- astrocytes, synemin protein and mRNA levels, as well as synemin incorporation into vimentin IFs, were unaltered. Biochemical assays with purified proteins suggested that synemin interacts with GFAP IFs like an IF-associated protein rather than like a polymerization partner, whereas the opposite was true for synemin interaction with vimentin. In transfection experiments, synemin did not incorporate into normal, filamentous GFAP networks, but integrated into vimentin and GFAP heteropolymeric networks. Thus, alongside GFAP, vimentin and nestin, reactive astrocytes contain synemin, whose accumulation is suppressed post-transcriptionally in the absence of a polymerization partner. In astrocytes, this partner is vimentin and not GFAP, which implies a functional difference between these two type III IF proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Jing
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Miyata T, Ogawa M. Twisting of Neocortical Progenitor Cells Underlies a Spring-like Mechanism for Daughter-Cell Migration. Curr Biol 2007; 17:146-51. [PMID: 17240340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Revised: 10/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian neocortical wall thickens extensively during embryogenesis via proliferation of progenitor cells [1-4] and migration of daughter cells toward the pial surface [5-8]. Time-lapse imaging and functional experiments were carried out so that the possible involvement of mechanical forces in these processes could be examined. When bipolar cells connecting the ventricular and pial surfaces of the mouse cerebral wall lose their ventricular attachment, they undergo somal translocation toward the outer zones, which contain differentiated neurons. The pial process of these transitioning unipolar cells exhibits a coiled or hairpin-loop morphology, suggesting that twisting and stretching of the pial process establishes a spring-like mechanism that propels the daughter cell toward the pial surface upon ventricular detachment. This model is supported by morphological changes observed in microsurgically transected pial processes. Pharmacological experiments further reveal the involvement of intermediate filaments in twisting of pial processes. These results uncover a novel mechanism for cellular migration and provide valuable tools for the detailed study of the role of mechanical forces in 3D brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi 466-8550, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen J, Boyle S, Zhao M, Su W, Takahashi K, Davis L, Decaestecker M, Takahashi T, Breyer MD, Hao CM. Differential expression of the intermediate filament protein nestin during renal development and its localization in adult podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1283-91. [PMID: 16571784 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nestin, an intermediate filament protein, is widely used as stem cell marker. Nestin has been shown to interact with other cytoskeleton proteins, suggesting a role in regulating cellular cytoskeletal structure. These studies examined renal nestin localization and developmental expression in mice. In developing kidney, anti-nestin antibody revealed strong immunoreactivity in vascular cleft of the S-shaped body and vascular tuft of capillary loop-stage glomerulus. The nestin-positive structures also were labeled by endothelial cell markers FLK1 and CD31 in immature glomeruli. Nestin was not detected in epithelial cells of immature glomeruli. In contrast, in mature glomerular, nestin immunoreactivity was observed only outside laminin-positive glomerular basement membrane, and co-localized with nephrin, consistent with podocyte nestin expression. In adult kidney, podocytes were the only cells that exhibited persistent nestin expression. Nestin was not detected in ureteric bud and its derivatives throughout renal development. Cell lineage studies, using a nestin promoter-driven Cre mouse and a ROSA26 reporter mouse, showed a strong beta-galactosidase activity in intermediate mesoderm in an embryonic day 10 embryo and all of the structures except those that were derived from ureteric bud in embryonic kidney through adult kidney. These studies show that nestin is expressed in progenitors of glomerular endothelial cells and renal progenitors that are derived from metanephric mesenchyme. In the adult kidney, nestin expression is restricted to differentiated podocytes, suggesting that nestin could play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, S3223 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
López-Rovira T, Silva-Vargas V, Watt FM. Different consequences of beta1 integrin deletion in neonatal and adult mouse epidermis reveal a context-dependent role of integrins in regulating proliferation, differentiation, and intercellular communication. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 125:1215-27. [PMID: 16354192 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports of the consequences of deleting beta1 integrins from the epidermis of transgenic mice. Epidermal thinning with normal differentiation and lack of inflammation has been observed; conversely, epidermal thickening, abnormal differentiation, and dermal fibrosis can occur. beta1 integrin deletion results in decreased epidermal proliferation, yet on wounding the proliferative defect is overcome. To distinguish primary from secondary consequences of beta1 integrin loss, we compared epidermal beta1 deletion at E14.5 via K5Cre and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen induced deletion in adulthood via K14CreER. As reported previously, there was dermo-epidermal splitting, inflammation, reduced proliferation, and hair follicle and sebaceous gland loss in 30-d-old K5Cre beta1-null mice. These changes were not observed 30 d after beta1 integrin deletion in adult epidermis, however, and there were no changes in the hair follicle stem cell compartment. Deletion in adult epidermis revealed a previously unreported correlation between the level of beta1 integrins and proliferation in the interfollicular epidermis that was remarkably consistent with human epidermis. In addition, the number of melanocytes in interfollicular epidermis was greatly increased. Our results highlight the context-dependent effects of beta1 integrin deletion and suggest that inflammation may be responsible for some of the K5Cre beta1-null phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa López-Rovira
- Keratinocyte Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zou J, Yaoita E, Watanabe Y, Yoshida Y, Nameta M, Li H, Qu Z, Yamamoto T. Upregulation of nestin, vimentin, and desmin in rat podocytes in response to injury. Virchows Arch 2006; 448:485-92. [PMID: 16418842 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-0134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes in the renal glomerulus express unusual intermediate filament (IF) proteins for epithelial cells. To gain insight into the role of IF proteins in podocytes, we investigated the expression of nestin, vimentin, and desmin in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis. A Western blot analysis for nestin, vimentin, and desmin demonstrated their exclusive expression in glomeruli and showed their increase in expression in nephrotic glomeruli. Immunolocalization studies showed nestin and vimentin to be located predominantly in the podocytes in both normal and nephrotic glomeruli and that enhancement of desmin staining only occurred in podocytes. A ribonuclease protection assay showed high levels of vimentin and nestin expression in normal glomeruli and an upregulation of all three IF transcripts in nephrotic glomeruli. One day after the PAN injection, however, the vimentin transcripts were found to already have significantly increased, whereas those of nestin or desmin showed no such increase. These findings indicate that podocytes express three IF proteins, namely, vimentin, desmin, and nestin, which are differentially regulated in response to injury. An upregulation of IF proteins may increase the mechanical stability of cells, thus enabling podocytes to undergo morphological changes on the tensile glomerular capillary wall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Silva-Vargas V, Lo Celso C, Giangreco A, Ofstad T, Prowse DM, Braun KM, Watt FM. Beta-catenin and Hedgehog signal strength can specify number and location of hair follicles in adult epidermis without recruitment of bulge stem cells. Dev Cell 2005; 9:121-31. [PMID: 15992546 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using K14deltaNbeta-cateninER transgenic mice, we show that short-term, low-level beta-catenin activation stimulates de novo hair follicle formation from sebaceous glands and interfollicular epidermis, while only sustained, high-level activation induces new follicles from preexisting follicles. The Hedgehog pathway is upregulated by beta-catenin activation, and inhibition of Hedgehog signaling converts the low beta-catenin phenotype to wild-type epidermis and the high phenotype to low. beta-catenin-induced follicles contain clonogenic keratinocytes that express bulge markers; the follicles induce dermal papillae and provide a niche for melanocytes, and they undergo 4OHT-dependent cycles of growth and regression. New follicles induced in interfollicular epidermis are derived from that cellular compartment and not through bulge stem cell migration or division. These results demonstrate the remarkable capacity of adult epidermis to be reprogrammed by titrating beta-catenin and Hedgehog signal strength and establish that cells from interfollicular epidermis can acquire certain characteristics of bulge stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Silva-Vargas
- Keratinocyte Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jing R, Pizzolato G, Robson RM, Gabbiani G, Skalli O. Intermediate filament protein synemin is present in human reactive and malignant astrocytes and associates with ruffled membranes in astrocytoma cells. Glia 2005; 50:107-20. [PMID: 15657940 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Synemin, a very unique type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, exhibits alternative splice variants termed alpha and beta. Unlike other IF proteins, synemin binds to actin-associated proteins, including alpha-actinin, vinculin, and alpha-dystrobrevin. Our previous work has demonstrated the presence of synemin in differentiating astrocytes. In this study, we have examined the presence of synemin in human astrocytes under pathological conditions, using rabbit antibodies raised against the C-terminal domain of human synemin produced in bacteria. Western blotting shows that astrocytic tumors contain greater amounts of alpha-synemin than do normal brain tissues. These tumors also contain beta-synemin, which is not detectable in normal brain. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that, while synemin is present in normal adult brain only in vascular smooth muscle cells, it is newly synthesized by reactive and neoplastic astrocytes. Alpha- and beta-Synemins have also been detected by Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction in several human glioblastoma cell lines. In these cell lines, surprisingly, synemin is associated with ruffled membranes in addition to being distributed along the IF network. In ruffled membranes, synemin was found to co-localize with alpha-actinin. This unusual cellular localization for an IF protein is maintained after nocodazole-induced perinuclear coiling of the vimentin IF network. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that synemin forms a complex with alpha-actinin in glioblastoma cells. Taken together with synemin localization within ruffled membranes, this finding suggests that synemin plays a role in motility of glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Jing
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Reactive gliosis is a prominent result of many types of insult to the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to the formation of glial scar that impedes the regeneration of axons. The intermediate filament protein vimentin is found in pathology of the CNS, mainly in the vicinity of injuries to the CNS. In the present study we investigated the role of vimentin in the formation of glial scars in vitro and in vivo by using immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and in situ hybridization. In vitro experiments showed that the intensity of immunofluorescent labeling for vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was consistently decreased in astrocytes after transfection with a retrovirus carrying antisense complementary DNA (cDNA) for vimentin. Transfection also inhibited the growth of astrocytes and decreased the expression of vimentin mRNA. In vivo studies demonstrated that transfection with the retrovirus carrying the antisense cDNA vimentin inhibited the upregulation of vimentin and GFAP in stab wounds in rat cerebrum. These results suggest that vimentin may play a key role in the formation of glial scars in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkai Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, College of Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, The People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ribotta MG, Menet V, Privat A. Glial scar and axonal regeneration in the CNS: lessons from GFAP and vimentin transgenic mice. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2004; 89:87-92. [PMID: 15335106 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0603-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an active role in the brain and spinal cord. For example, they have a function in formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, ion homeostasis, neurotransmitter transport, production of extracellular matrix, and neuromodulation. Moreover, they play a role in preserving or even restoring the structural and physiological integrity after tissue injury. Currently, the function of astrocytes was studied with regard to the controversially discussed aspects of permissivity on the one-hand-side and inhibition of the other side exerted by reactive astrocytes for axonal regrowth in the adult CNS. Accordingly, knock-out mice deficient in vimentin (VIM) and/or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the two major IF-proteins of astrocytes, were investigated. In addition, in vitro studies were carried out, on whether the absence of one or both proteins (VIM, GFAP) influences axonal regeneration. In experimental animals, a hemisection of the spinal cord was performed utilizing the above mentioned double-mutant mice. The knock-out mice were generated by gene targeting. Double-mutants were obtained by crossing single null mice. The in vitro results indicate that both VIM and GFAP were absent in astrocytic cultures obtained from double-mutant mice. On the other side, the proteins were detected in more than 85%, of cultured cells from wild types. Co-culture of mutant mice astrocytes with neurons revealed that the neuronal density was different from that obtained in culture with wild type astrocytes. On the other side, there was a marked increase in neuronal density in co-cultures utilizing both GFAP knock-out- or double-mutant mice astrocytes again as compared to co-cultures with wild type astrocytes. Moreover, the neurite length of neurons was significantly increased in experiments with neurons growing on astrocytes from GFAP-knock-out or double-mutant mice. The in vivo experiments demonstrate an increase of nestin (NES) immunoreactivity at three days in the sectioned side of the spinal cord, in the perikaryon and astroglial processes. In double-mutant mice only a slight increase in NES-immunoreactivity was found in the lesion side, albeit confined to the perikaryon of astrocytes. Below the lesion, serotonin immunostaining was dramatically reduced three days after the insult in both sides, particularly in the lesion side. The decrease was more pronounced in double-mutant than in wild type mice. On the other side, double-mutant mice had a much higher density of serotonergic fibers in the ventral horn in the lesioned side. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that in the absence of important astrocytic proteins as VIM and GFAP, the astroglial response to injury is significantly modified underlying reduced scar formation. Attenuation of scar formation may enhance axonal sprouting of serotonergic axons below the lesion, which specifically reinnervate motoneuron pools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Ribotta
- INSERM U, Université Montpellier, Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li H, Berlin Y, Hart RP, Grumet M. Microtubules are critical for radial glial morphology: possible regulation by MAPs and MARKs. Glia 2003; 44:37-46. [PMID: 12951655 DOI: 10.1002/glia.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Radial glia are a polarized cell type that in most neural regions appear only transiently during development. They have long been recognized as glia or glial progenitors that support neuronal migration. Recent evidence indicates that radial glia also give rise to neurons and appear to be a major population of dividing precursor cells in the embryonic cortical ventricular zone. Radial glia extend long processes from the ventricular zone to the pial surface that provide guides for neuronal migration. We reasoned that the unique morphology of radial glia is due to the composition and organization of their cytoskeleton. In this present study, we have used C6-R, a radial glial-like cell line and isolated perinatal cerebellar radial glia to ask what are the critical cytoskeletal elements in radial glial cells and how they are regulated. Treatments with nocodazole and cytochalasin D showed that microtubules, but not microfilaments, are critical for the polarized morphology of radial glia. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR indicated that certain mRNAs specific for microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are selectively expressed in radial glia. These results together with the known ability of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases to regulate microtubule organization suggest that microtubules and MAPs are critical for the morphology of radial glia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sahlgren CM, Mikhailov A, Vaittinen S, Pallari HM, Kalimo H, Pant HC, Eriksson JE. Cdk5 regulates the organization of Nestin and its association with p35. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:5090-106. [PMID: 12832492 PMCID: PMC162223 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.14.5090-5106.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2002] [Revised: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 04/18/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein nestin is characterized by its specific expression during the development of neuronal and myogenic tissues. We identify nestin as a novel in vivo target for cdk5 and p35 kinase, a critical signaling determinant in development. Two cdk5-specific phosphorylation sites on nestin, Thr-1495 and Thr-316, were established, the latter of which was used as a marker for cdk5-specific phosphorylation in vivo. Ectopic expression of cdk5 and p35 in central nervous system progenitor cells and in myogenic precursor cells induced elevated phosphorylation and reorganization of nestin. The kinetics of nestin expression corresponded to elevated expression and activation of cdk5 during differentiation of myoblast cell cultures and during regeneration of skeletal muscle. In the myoblasts, a disassembly-linked phosphorylation of Thr-316 indicated active phosphorylation of nestin by cdk5. Moreover, cdk5 occurred in physical association with nestin. Inhibition of cdk5 activity-either by transfection with dominant-negative cdk5 or by using a specific cdk5 inhibitor-blocked myoblast differentiation and phosphorylation of nestin at Thr-316, and this inhibition markedly disturbed the organization of nestin. Interestingly, the interaction between p35, the cdk5 activator, and nestin appeared to be regulated by cdk5. In differentiating myoblasts, p35 was not complexed with nestin phosphorylated at Thr-316, and inhibition of cdk5 activity during differentiation induced a marked association of p35 with nestin. These results demonstrate that there is a continuous turnover of cdk5 and p35 activity on a scaffold formed by nestin. This association is likely to affect the organization and operation of both cdk5 and nestin during development.
Collapse
|