1
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Zhang J, Jiang Z, Chen C, Yao L, Gao Z, Cheng Z, Yan Y, Liu H, Shi A. Age-associated decline in RAB-10 efficacy impairs intestinal barrier integrity. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1107-1127. [PMID: 37640905 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The age-related decline in the ability of the intestinal barrier to maintain selective permeability can lead to various physiological disturbances. Adherens junctions play a vital role in regulating intestinal permeability, and their proper assembly is contingent upon endocytic recycling. However, how aging affects the recycling efficiency and, consequently, the integrity of adherens junctions remains unclear. Here we show that RAB-10/Rab10 functionality is reduced during senescence, leading to impaired adherens junctions in the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine. Mechanistic analysis reveals that SDPN-1/PACSINs is upregulated in aging animals, suppressing RAB-10 activation by competing with DENN-4/GEF. Consistently, SDPN-1 knockdown alleviates age-related abnormalities in adherens junction integrity and intestinal barrier permeability. Of note, the inhibitory effect of SDPN-1 on RAB-10 requires KGB-1/JUN kinase, which presumably enhances the potency of SDPN-1 by altering its oligomerization state. Together, by examining age-associated changes in endocytic recycling, our study sheds light on how aging can impact intestinal barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongyan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changling Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfeng Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Bouslama R, Dumont V, Lindfors S, Paavolainen L, Tienari J, Nisen H, Mirtti T, Saleem MA, Gordin D, Groop PH, Suetsugu S, Lehtonen S. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at S313 Regulates Podocyte Architecture in Coordination with N-WASP. Cells 2023; 12:1487. [PMID: 37296607 PMCID: PMC10252800 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the dynamic architecture of podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells, lead to kidney dysfunction. Previous studies on protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 substrates in neurons 2 (PACSIN2), a known regulator of endocytosis and cytoskeletal organization, reveal a connection between PACSIN2 and kidney pathogenesis. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at serine 313 (S313) is increased in the glomeruli of rats with diabetic kidney disease. We found that phosphorylation at S313 is associated with kidney dysfunction and increased free fatty acids rather than with high glucose and diabetes alone. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 emerged as a dynamic process that fine-tunes cell morphology and cytoskeletal arrangement, in cooperation with the regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP). PACSIN2 phosphorylation decreased N-WASP degradation while N-WASP inhibition triggered PACSIN2 phosphorylation at S313. Functionally, pS313-PACSIN2 regulated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement depending on the type of cell injury and the signaling pathways involved. Collectively, this study indicates that N-WASP induces phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at S313, which serves as a mechanism whereby cells regulate active actin-related processes. The dynamic phosphorylation of S313 is needed to regulate cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Bouslama
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Dumont
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lindfors
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 05850 Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Zudeh G, Franca R, Lucafò M, Bonten EJ, Bramuzzo M, Sgarra R, Lagatolla C, Franzin M, Evans WE, Decorti G, Stocco G. PACSIN2 as a modulator of autophagy and mercaptopurine cytotoxicity: mechanisms in lymphoid and intestinal cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201610. [PMID: 36596605 PMCID: PMC9811133 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PACSIN2 variants are associated with gastrointestinal effects of thiopurines and thiopurine methyltransferase activity through an uncharacterized mechanism that is postulated to involve autophagy. This study aims to clarify the role of PACSIN2 in autophagy and in thiopurine cytotoxicity in leukemic and intestinal models. Higher autophagy and lower PACSIN2 levels were observed in inflamed compared with non-inflamed colon biopsies of inflammatory bowel disease pediatric patients at diagnosis. PACSIN2 was identified as an inhibitor of autophagy, putatively through inhibition of autophagosome formation by a protein-protein interaction with LC3-II, mediated by a LIR motif. Moreover, PACSIN2 resulted a modulator of mercaptopurine-induced cytotoxicity in intestinal cells, suggesting that PACSIN2-regulated autophagy levels might influence thiopurine sensitivity. However, PACSIN2 modulates cellular thiopurine methyltransferase activity via mechanisms distinct from its modulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zudeh
- Department of Translational and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department of Translational and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik J Bonten
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matteo Bramuzzo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Endoscopy and Nutrition Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Martina Franzin
- Department of Translational and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - William E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giuliana Decorti
- Department of Translational and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Translational and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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4
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Plooster M, Brennwald P, Gupton SL. Endosomal trafficking in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 74:102539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Morgan J, Yarwood R, Starborg T, Yan G, Lowe M. Pacsin2 is required for endocytosis in the zebrafish pronephric tubule. Biol Open 2022; 11:275521. [PMID: 35616009 PMCID: PMC9235069 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of numerous molecules from the extracellular space and is a fundamentally important process. In the renal proximal tubule, the scavenger receptor megalin and its co-receptor cubilin mediate endocytosis of low molecular weight proteins from the renal filtrate. However, the extent to which megalin endocytosis relies on different components of the trafficking machinery remains relatively poorly defined in vivo. In this study, we identify a functional requirement for the F-BAR protein pacsin2 in endocytosis in the renal proximal tubule of zebrafish larvae. Pacsin2 is expressed throughout development and in all zebrafish tissues, similar to the mammalian orthologue. Within renal tubular epithelial cells, pacsin2 is enriched at the apical pole where it is localised to endocytic structures. Loss of pacsin2 results in reduced endocytosis within the proximal tubule, which is accompanied by a reduction in the abundance of megalin and endocytic organelles. Our results indicate that pacsin2 is required for efficient endocytosis in the proximal tubule, where it likely cooperates with other trafficking machinery to maintain endocytic uptake and recycling of megalin. Summary: We identify a role for the F-BAR protein pacsin2 in endocytosis in the renal tubule of zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Tobias Starborg
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Guanhua Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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6
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Park K, Yoo HS, Oh CK, Lee JR, Chung HJ, Kim HN, Kim SH, Kee KM, Kim TY, Kim M, Kim BG, Ra JS, Myung K, Kim H, Han SH, Seo MD, Lee Y, Kim DW. Reciprocal interactions among Cobll1, PACSIN2, and SH3BP1 regulate drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4005-4020. [PMID: 35352878 PMCID: PMC9636508 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobll1 affects blast crisis (BC) progression and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). PACSIN2, a novel Cobll1 binding protein, activates TKI‐induced apoptosis in K562 cells, and this activation is suppressed by Cobll1 through the interaction between PACSIN2 and Cobll1. PACSIN2 also binds and inhibits SH3BP1 which activates the downstream Rac1 pathway and induces TKI resistance. PACSIN2 competitively interacts with Cobll1 or SH3BP1 with a higher affinity for Cobll1. Cobll1 preferentially binds to PACSIN2, releasing SH3BP1 to promote the SH3BP1/Rac1 pathway and suppress TKI‐mediated apoptosis and eventually leading to TKI resistance. Similar interactions among Cobll1, PACSIN2, and SH3BP1 control hematopoiesis during vertebrate embryogenesis. Clinical analysis showed that most patients with CML have Cobll1 and SH3BP1 expression at the BC phase and BC patients with Cobll1 and SH3BP1 expression showed severe progression with a higher blast percentage than those without any Cobll1, PACSIN2, or SH3BP1 expression. Our study details the molecular mechanism of the Cobll1/PACSIN2/SH3BP1 pathway in regulating drug resistance and BC progression in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibeom Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seop Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Rak Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University-Uijeongbu Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Kee
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University-Uijeongbu Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong Yoon Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Hematology Hospital, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Ra
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Han
- Department of Medicine Quality Analysis, Andong Science College, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University-Uijeongbu Campus, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Hematology Center, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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7
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Dumont V, Lehtonen S. PACSIN proteins in vivo: Roles in development and physiology. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13783. [PMID: 34990060 PMCID: PMC9285741 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons (PACSINs), or syndapins (synaptic dynamin‐associated proteins), are a family of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cytoskeleton, intracellular trafficking and signalling. Over the last twenty years, PACSINs have been mostly studied in the in vitro and ex vivo settings, and only in the last decade reports on their function in vivo have emerged. We first summarize the identification, structure and cellular functions of PACSINs, and then focus on the relevance of PACSINs in vivo. During development in various model organisms, PACSINs participate in diverse processes, such as neural crest cell development, gastrulation, laterality development and neuromuscular junction formation. In mouse, PACSIN2 regulates angiogenesis during retinal development and in human, PACSIN2 associates with monosomy and embryonic implantation. In adulthood, PACSIN1 has been extensively studied in the brain and shown to regulate neuromorphogenesis, receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity. Several genetic studies suggest a role for PACSIN1 in the development of schizophrenia, which is also supported by the phenotype of mice depleted of PACSIN1. PACSIN2 plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and participates in kidney repair processes after injury. PACSIN3 is abundant in muscle tissue and necessary for caveolar biogenesis to create membrane reservoirs, thus controlling muscle function, and has been linked to certain genetic muscular disorders. The above examples illustrate the importance of PACSINs in diverse physiological or tissue repair processes in various organs, and associations to diseases when their functions are disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dumont
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of Pathology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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8
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Deo N, Redpath G. Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Endocytosis Is an Important Factor in the Cellular Basis of Depression and Anxiety. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:804592. [PMID: 35280519 PMCID: PMC8912961 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are common, debilitating psychiatric conditions affecting millions of people throughout the world. Current treatments revolve around selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), yet these drugs are only moderately effective at relieving depression. Moreover, up to 30% of sufferers are SSRI non-responders. Endocytosis, the process by which plasma membrane and extracellular constituents are internalized into the cell, plays a central role in the regulation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT) signaling, SSRI function and depression and anxiety pathogenesis. Despite their therapeutic potential, surprisingly little is known about the endocytosis of the serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors) or the serotonin transporter (SERT). A subset of 5-HT receptors are endocytosed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following serotonin binding, while for the majority of 5-HT receptors the endocytic regulation is not known. SERT internalizes serotonin from the extracellular space into the cell to limit the availability of serotonin for receptor binding and signaling. Endocytosis of SERT reduces serotonin uptake, facilitating serotonin signaling. SSRIs predominantly inhibit SERT, preventing serotonin uptake to enhance 5-HT receptor signaling, while hallucinogenic compounds directly activate specific 5-HT receptors, altering their interaction with endocytic adaptor proteins to induce alternate signaling outcomes. Further, multiple polymorphisms and transcriptional/proteomic alterations have been linked to depression, anxiety, and SSRI non-response. In this review, we detail the endocytic regulation of 5-HT receptors and SERT and outline how SSRIs and hallucinogenic compounds modulate serotonin signaling through endocytosis. Finally, we will examine the deregulated proteomes in depression and anxiety and link these with 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis. Ultimately, in attempting to integrate the current studies on the cellular biology of depression and anxiety, we propose that endocytosis is an important factor in the cellular basis of depression and anxiety. We will highlight how a thorough understanding 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis is integral to understanding the biological basis of depression and anxiety, and to facilitate the development of a next generation of specific, efficacious antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Deo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory Redpath
- European Molecular Biology Lab (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gregory Redpath
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9
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Jaswal S, Anand V, Ali SA, Jena MK, Kumar S, Kaushik JK, Mohanty AK. TMT based deep proteome analysis of buffalo mammary epithelial cells and identification of novel protein signatures during lactogenic differentiation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21621. [PMID: 33977573 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002476rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The lactating mammary gland harbours numerous matured alveoli with their lumen surrounded by differentiated mammary epithelial cells (MECs), which are exclusively involved in milk synthesis and secretion. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is the second major milk-producing animal, and its physiology is different from cattle. The complete protein machinery involved in MECs differentiation is still not defined in ruminants, in particular, buffalo. Therefore, we have studied the differential expression of regulated proteins in the in vitro grown buffalo MECs (BuMECs) at different time points (on 3, 6, 12, and 15 days) of their differentiation in the presence of lactogenic hormones. TMT-based MS analysis identified 4,934 proteins; of them, 681 were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The principal component analysis suggested a highly heterogeneous expression of DEPs at the four-time points of hormone treatment, with most of them (307) attained the highest expression on 12 days. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the association of DEPs with 24 KEGG pathways. We observed few new proteins, namely ABCA13, IVL, VPS37, CZIB, RFX7, Rab5, TTLL12, SMEK1, GDI2, and TMEM131 in BuMECs. The function of one of the highly upregulated proteins, namely involucrin in the differentiation of BuMECs was confirmed based on biochemical inhibition assay. The results further conclude that the proteins with higher abundance can be considered as the potential biomarkers for differentiation, and they may have a significant association with the lactation process in buffalo too. The proteome dataset obtained can be used to understand the species-specific variations among other lactating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Jaswal
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Vijay Anand
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Veterinary College and Research Institute (TANUVAS), Orathanadu, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Manoj K Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Jai K Kaushik
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
| | - Ashok K Mohanty
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India
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10
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A junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex coordinates VE-cadherin trafficking for endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2610. [PMID: 33972531 PMCID: PMC8110786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting relies on collective migration and coordinated rearrangements of endothelial leader and follower cells. VE-cadherin-based adherens junctions have emerged as key cell-cell contacts that transmit forces between cells and trigger signals during collective cell migration in angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern these processes and their functional importance for vascular development still remain unknown. We previously showed that the F-BAR protein PACSIN2 is recruited to tensile asymmetric adherens junctions between leader and follower cells. Here we report that PACSIN2 mediates the formation of endothelial sprouts during angiogenesis by coordinating collective migration. We show that PACSIN2 recruits the trafficking regulators EHD4 and MICAL-L1 to the rear end of asymmetric adherens junctions to form a recycling endosome-like tubular structure. The junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex controls local VE-cadherin trafficking and thereby coordinates polarized endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Our findings reveal a molecular event at force-dependent asymmetric adherens junctions that occurs during the tug-of-war between endothelial leader and follower cells, and allows for junction-based guidance during collective migration in angiogenesis. Communication between endothelial leader and follower cells during collective cell migration is crucial for vascular development. Here, the authors show that PACSIN2 guides collective cell migration and angiogenesis by recruiting a protein trafficking complex to asymmetric cell-cell junctions, controlling local junction plasticity.
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11
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Application of a C. trachomatis expression system to identify C. pneumoniae proteins translocated into host cells. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:JB.00511-20. [PMID: 33685970 PMCID: PMC8117517 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00511-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that causes community-acquired respiratory infections. C. pneumoniae uses a cell contact-dependent type-III secretion (T3S) system to translocate pathogen effector proteins that manipulate host cellular functions. While several C. pneumoniae T3S effectors have been proposed, few have been experimentally confirmed in Chlamydia In this study, we expressed 382 C. pneumoniae genes in C. trachomatis as fusion proteins to an epitope tag derived from glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) which is the target of phosphorylation by mammalian kinases. Based on the detection of the tagged C. pneumoniae protein with anti-phospho GSK3β antibodies, we identified 49 novel C. pneumoniae-specific proteins that are translocated by C. trachomatis into the host cytoplasm and thus likely play a role as modifiers of host cellular functions. In this manner, we identified and characterized a new C. pneumoniae effector CPj0678 that recruits the host cell protein PACSIN2 to the plasma membrane. These findings indicate that C. trachomatis provides a powerful screening system to detect candidate effector proteins encoded by other pathogenic and endosymbiotic Chlamydia species.Importance Chlamydia injects numerous effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular functions important for bacterial survival. Based on findings in C. trachomatis, it has been proposed that between 5-10% of the C. pneumoniae genome, a related respiratory pathogen, encodes secreted effectors. However only a few C. pneumoniae effectors have been identified and experimentally validated. With the development of methods for the stable genetic transformation of C. trachomatis, it is now possible to use C. trachomatis shuttle plasmids to express and explore the function of proteins from other Chlamydia in a more relevant bacterial system. In this study, we experimentally determined that 49 C. pneumoniae-specific proteins are translocated into the host cytoplasm by Chlamydia secretion systems, and identify a novel effector required to recruit the host factor PACSIN2 to the plasma membrane during infection.
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Synaptic AP2 CCV life cycle regulation by the Eps15, ITSN1, Sgip1/AP2, synaptojanin1 interactome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8007. [PMID: 33850201 PMCID: PMC8044098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The AP1/σ1B knockout causes impaired synaptic vesicle recycling and enhanced protein sorting into endosomes, leading to severe intellectual disability. These disturbances in synaptic protein sorting induce as a secondary phenotype the upregulation of AP2 CCV mediated endocytosis. Synapses contain canonical AP2 CCV and AP2 CCV with a more stable coat and thus extended life time. In AP1/σ1B knockout synapses, pool sizes of both CCV classes are doubled. Additionally, stable CCV of the knockout are more stabilised than stable wt CCV. One mechanism responsible for enhanced CCV stabilisation is the reduction of synaptojanin1 CCV levels, the PI-4,5-P2 phosphatase essential for AP2 membrane dissociation. To identify mechanisms regulating synaptojanin1 recruitment, we compared synaptojanin1 CCV protein interactome levels and CCV protein interactions between both CCV classes from wt and knockout mice. We show that ITSN1 determines synaptojanin1 CCV levels. Sgip1/AP2 excess hinders synaptojanin1 binding to ITSN1, further lowering its levels. ITSN1 levels are determined by Eps15, not Eps15L1. In addition, the data reveal that reduced amounts of pacsin1 can be counter balanced by its enhanced activation. These data exemplify the complexity of CCV life cycle regulation and indicate how cargo proteins determine the life cycle of their CCV.
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Boll E, Cantrelle FX, Landrieu I, Hirel M, Sinnaeve D, Levy G. 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shift assignment of human PACSIN1/syndapin I SH3 domain in solution. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:175-178. [PMID: 32236802 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human neuron-specific PACSIN1 plays a key role in synaptic vesicle recycling and endocytosis, as well as reorganization of the microtubule dynamics to maintain axonal plasticity. PACSIN1 contains a highly conserved C-terminal SH3 domain and an F-bar domain at its N-terminus. Due to its remarkable interaction network, PACSIN1 plays a central role in key neuronal functions. Here, we present a robust backbone and side-chain assignment of PACSIN1 SH3 domain based on 2D [1H,15N] HSQC or HMQC, and 3D BEST-HNCO, -HNCACB, -HN(CO)CACB, -HN(CA)CO, and standard (H)CC(CO)NH, HN(CA)NNH, HN(COCA)NH, HBHANNH, HNHA, HBHA(CO)NH, H(CC)(CO)NH, HCCH-TOCSY, that covers 96% for all 13CO, 13Cα and 13Cβ, 28% of 13Cγδε, and 95% of 1HN and 15N chemical shifts. Modelling based on sequence homology with a known related structure, and chemical shift-based secondary structure predictions, identified the presence of five β-strands linked by flexible loops. Taken together, these results open up new avenues to investigate and develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boll
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Cantrelle
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Hirel
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Davy Sinnaeve
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Géraldine Levy
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
- CNRS ERL Integrative Structural Biology, 59000, Lille, France.
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Sherlekar A, Mundhe G, Richa P, Dey B, Sharma S, Rikhy R. F-BAR domain protein Syndapin regulates actomyosin dynamics during apical cap remodeling in syncytial Drosophila embryos. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235846. [PMID: 32327556 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched actin networks driven by Arp2/3 interact with actomyosin filaments in processes such as cell migration. Similar interactions occur in the syncytial Drosophila blastoderm embryo where expansion of apical caps by Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization occurs in interphase, and cap buckling at contact edges by Myosin II to form furrows takes place in metaphase. Here, we study the role of Syndapin (Synd), an F-BAR domain-containing protein, in apical cap remodeling prior to furrow extension. We found that depletion of synd resulted in larger apical caps. Super-resolution and TIRF microscopy showed that control embryos had long apical actin protrusions in caps during interphase and short protrusions during metaphase, whereas synd depletion led to formation of sustained long protrusions, even during metaphase. Loss of Arp2/3 function in synd mutants partly reverted defects in apical cap expansion and protrusion remodeling. Myosin II levels were decreased in synd mutants, an observation consistent with the expanded cap phenotype previously reported for Myosin II mutant embryos. We propose that Synd function limits branching activity during cap expansion and affects Myosin II distribution in order to bring about a transition in actin remodeling activity from apical cap expansion to lateral furrow extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Sherlekar
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gayatri Mundhe
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Prachi Richa
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bipasha Dey
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Richa Rikhy
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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15
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Keeping in touch with the membrane; protein- and lipid-mediated confinement of caveolae to the cell surface. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:155-163. [PMID: 32049332 PMCID: PMC7054752 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are small Ω-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that play important roles in mechanosensing, lipid homeostasis and signaling. Their typical morphology is characterized by a membrane funnel connecting a spherical bulb to the membrane. Membrane funnels (commonly known as necks and pores) are frequently observed as transient states during fusion and fission of membrane vesicles in cells. However, caveolae display atypical dynamics where the membrane funnel can be stabilized over an extended period of time, resulting in cell surface constrained caveolae. In addition, caveolae are also known to undergo flattening as well as short-range cycles of fission and fusion with the membrane, requiring that the membrane funnel closes or opens up, respectively. This mini-review considers the transition between these different states and highlights the role of the protein and lipid components that have been identified to control the balance between surface association and release of caveolae.
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16
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The role of membrane-shaping BAR domain proteins in caveolar invagination: from mechanistic insights to pathophysiological consequences. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:137-146. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The formation of caveolae, bulb-shaped plasma membrane invaginations, requires the coordinated action of distinct lipid-interacting and -shaping proteins. The interdependence of caveolar structure and function has evoked substantial scientific interest given the association of human diseases with caveolar dysfunction. Model systems deficient of core components of caveolae, caveolins or cavins, did not allow for an explicit attribution of observed functional defects to the requirement of caveolar invagination as they lack both invaginated caveolae and caveolin proteins. Knockdown studies in cultured cells and recent knockout studies in mice identified an additional family of membrane-shaping proteins crucial for caveolar formation, syndapins (PACSINs) — BAR domain superfamily proteins characterized by crescent-shaped membrane binding interfaces recognizing and inducing distinct curved membrane topologies. Importantly, syndapin loss-of-function resulted exclusively in impairment of caveolar invagination without a reduction in caveolin or cavin at the plasma membrane, thereby allowing the specific role of the caveolar invagination to be unveiled. Muscle cells of syndapin III KO mice showed severe reductions of caveolae reminiscent of human caveolinopathies and were more vulnerable to membrane damage upon changes in membrane tensions. Consistent with the lack of syndapin III-dependent invaginated caveolae providing mechanoprotection by releasing membrane reservoirs through caveolar flattening, physical exercise of syndapin III KO mice resulted in pathological defects reminiscent of the clinical symptoms of human myopathies associated with caveolin 3 mutation suggesting that the ability of muscular caveolae to respond to mechanical forces is a key physiological process.
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Seemann E, Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Freeze-Fracture Replica Immunolabeling of Cryopreserved Membrane Compartments, Cultured Cells and Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2169:11-25. [PMID: 32548815 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0732-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Membrane topology information and views of membrane-embedded protein complexes promote our understanding of membrane organization and cell biological function involving membrane compartments. Freeze-fracturing of biological membranes offers both stunning views onto integral membrane proteins and perpendicular views over wide areas of the membrane at electron microscopical resolution. This information is directly assessable for 3D analyses and quantitative analyses of the distribution of components within the membrane if it were possible to specifically detect the components of interest in the membranes. Freeze-fracture replica immunolabeling (FRIL) achieves just that. In addition, FRIL preserves antigens in their genuine cellular context free of artifacts of chemical fixation, as FRIL uses chemically unfixed cellular samples that are rapidly cryofixed. In principle, the method is not limited to integral proteins spanning the membrane. Theoretically, all membrane components should be addressable as long as they are antigenic, embedded into at least one membrane leaflet, and accessible for immunolabeling from either the intracellular or the extracellular side. Consistently, integral proteins spanning both leaflets and only partially inserted membrane proteins have been successfully identified and studied for their molecular organization and distribution in the membrane and/or in relationship to specialized membrane domains. Here we describe the freeze-fracturing of both cultured cells and tissues and the sample preparations that allowed for a successful immunogold-labeling of caveolin1 and caveolin3 or even for double-immunolabelings of caveolins with members of the syndapin family of membrane-associating and -shaping BAR domain proteins as well as with cavin 1. For this purpose samples are cryopreserved, fractured, and replicated. We also describe how the obtained stabilized membrane fractures are then cleaned to remove all loosely attached material and immunogold labeled to finally be viewed by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seemann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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18
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Blondelle J, Marrocco V, Clark M, Desmond P, Myers S, Nguyen J, Wright M, Bremner S, Pierantozzi E, Ward S, Estève E, Sorrentino V, Ghassemian M, Lange S. Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:178. [PMID: 31098411 PMCID: PMC6509138 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blondelle
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Valeria Marrocco
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Madison Clark
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Patrick Desmond
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephanie Myers
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Jim Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Matthew Wright
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Shannon Bremner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Enrico Pierantozzi
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Eric Estève
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Université Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Grenoble, 38706 France
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, 53100 Italy
| | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
| | - Stephan Lange
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 92093 CA USA
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
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Montalvo-Quiros S, Luque-Garcia JL. Combination of bioanalytical approaches and quantitative proteomics for the elucidation of the toxicity mechanisms associated to TiO2 nanoparticles exposure in human keratinocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Bend EG, Aref-Eshghi E, Everman DB, Rogers RC, Cathey SS, Prijoles EJ, Lyons MJ, Davis H, Clarkson K, Gripp KW, Li D, Bhoj E, Zackai E, Mark P, Hakonarson H, Demmer LA, Levy MA, Kerkhof J, Stuart A, Rodenhiser D, Friez MJ, Stevenson RE, Schwartz CE, Sadikovic B. Gene domain-specific DNA methylation episignatures highlight distinct molecular entities of ADNP syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:64. [PMID: 31029150 PMCID: PMC6487024 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADNP syndrome is a rare Mendelian disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism. It is caused by truncating mutations in ADNP, which is involved in chromatin regulation. We hypothesized that the disruption of chromatin regulation might result in specific DNA methylation patterns that could be used in the molecular diagnosis of ADNP syndrome. RESULTS We identified two distinct and partially opposing genomic DNA methylation episignatures in the peripheral blood samples from 22 patients with ADNP syndrome. The "epi-ADNP-1" episignature included ~ 6000 mostly hypomethylated CpGs, and the "epi-ADNP-2" episignature included ~ 1000 predominantly hypermethylated CpGs. The two signatures correlated with the locations of the ADNP mutations. Epi-ADNP-1 mutations occupy the N- and C-terminus, and epi-ADNP-2 mutations are centered on the nuclear localization signal. The episignatures were enriched for genes involved in neuronal system development and function. A classifier trained on these profiles yielded full sensitivity and specificity in detecting patients with either of the two episignatures. Applying this model to seven patients with uncertain clinical diagnosis enabled reclassification of genetic variants of uncertain significance and assigned new diagnosis when the primary clinical suspicion was not correct. When applied to a large cohort of unresolved patients with developmental delay (N = 1150), the model predicted three additional previously undiagnosed patients to have ADNP syndrome. DNA sequencing of these subjects, wherever available, identified pathogenic mutations within the gene domains predicted by the model. CONCLUSIONS We describe the first Mendelian condition with two distinct episignatures caused by mutations in a single gene. These highly sensitive and specific DNA methylation episignatures enable diagnosis, screening, and genetic variant classifications in ADNP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
- PreventionGenetics, Marshfield, WI USA
| | - Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner’s Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON Canada
| | - David B. Everman
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - R. Curtis Rogers
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Sara S. Cathey
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Eloise J. Prijoles
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Heather Davis
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Katie Clarkson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | | | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Paul Mark
- Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Laurie A. Demmer
- Levine Children’s Hospital, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Michael A. Levy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner’s Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner’s Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON Canada
| | - Alan Stuart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner’s Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON Canada
| | - David Rodenhiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Oncology, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - Michael J. Friez
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | - Roger E. Stevenson
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 106 Gregor Mendel Cir, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA
| | | | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, 800 Commissioner’s Road E, London, ON N6A 5W9 Canada
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON Canada
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21
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Insinna C, Lu Q, Teixeira I, Harned A, Semler EM, Stauffer J, Magidson V, Tiwari A, Kenworthy AK, Narayan K, Westlake CJ. Investigation of F-BAR domain PACSIN proteins uncovers membrane tubulation function in cilia assembly and transport. Nat Commun 2019; 10:428. [PMID: 30683896 PMCID: PMC6347608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular ciliogenesis pathway requires membrane trafficking, fusion, and reorganization. Here, we demonstrate in human cells and zebrafish that the F-BAR domain containing proteins PACSIN1 and -2 play an essential role in ciliogenesis, similar to their binding partner and membrane reorganizer EHD1. In mature cilia, PACSINs and EHDs are dynamically localized to the ciliary pocket membrane (CPM) and transported away from this structure on membrane tubules along with proteins that exit the cilium. PACSINs function early in ciliogenesis at the ciliary vesicle (CV) stage to promote mother centriole to basal body transition. Remarkably, we show that PACSIN1 and EHD1 assemble membrane t7ubules from the developing intracellular cilium that attach to the plasma membrane, creating an extracellular membrane channel (EMC) to the outside of the cell. Together, our work uncovers a function for F-BAR proteins and membrane tubulation in ciliogenesis and explains how the intracellular cilium emerges from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Insinna
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Isabella Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Semler
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jim Stauffer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anne K Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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22
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Feng W, Zhou L, Wang H, Hu Z, Wang X, Fu J, Wang A, Liu JF. Functional analysis of DNA methylation of the PACSIN1 promoter in pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10118-10127. [PMID: 30537176 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays essential roles in regulating the activity of genes and may contribute to understanding the potential epigenetic biomarkers response to viruses. To explore the function of DNA methylation of protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 (PACSNI1) promoter, herein we performed the bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis to verify hypermethylation and downregulation of PACSIN1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pig as the vitro model. Promoter methylation could reduce the transcriptional activity of the PACSIN1 gene potentially by affecting the binding of transcription factor Sp1. In addition, downregulation of the PACSIN1 gene expression could facilitate the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α, and NECAP2. The comprehensive analysis of PACSIN1 methylation and its function will help us to understand the gene to be served as an important candidate gene in pig for disease resistance breeding and aid in the identification of potential epigenetic biomarkers associated with responsiveness to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haifei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlian Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding; Department of Animal genetics, Breeding and Reproduction; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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23
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BAR domain proteins-a linkage between cellular membranes, signaling pathways, and the actin cytoskeleton. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1587-1604. [PMID: 30456600 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament assembly typically occurs in association with cellular membranes. A large number of proteins sit at the interface between actin networks and membranes, playing diverse roles such as initiation of actin polymerization, modulation of membrane curvature, and signaling. Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain proteins have been implicated in all of these functions. The BAR domain family of proteins comprises a diverse group of multi-functional effectors, characterized by their modular architecture. In addition to the membrane-curvature sensing/inducing BAR domain module, which also mediates antiparallel dimerization, most contain auxiliary domains implicated in protein-protein and/or protein-membrane interactions, including SH3, PX, PH, RhoGEF, and RhoGAP domains. The shape of the BAR domain itself varies, resulting in three major subfamilies: the classical crescent-shaped BAR, the more extended and less curved F-BAR, and the inverse curvature I-BAR subfamilies. Most members of this family have been implicated in cellular functions that require dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, such as endocytosis, organelle trafficking, cell motility, and T-tubule biogenesis in muscle cells. Here, we review the structure and function of mammalian BAR domain proteins and the many ways in which they are interconnected with the actin cytoskeleton.
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24
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Goretzki B, Glogowski NA, Diehl E, Duchardt-Ferner E, Hacker C, Gaudet R, Hellmich UA. Structural Basis of TRPV4 N Terminus Interaction with Syndapin/PACSIN1-3 and PIP 2. Structure 2018; 26:1583-1593.e5. [PMID: 30244966 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodally regulated ion channels. TRPV4 (vanilloid 4) is sensitized by PIP2 and desensitized by Syndapin3/PACSIN3, which bind to the structurally uncharacterized TRPV4 N terminus. We determined the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of the Syndapin3/PACSIN3 SH3 domain in complex with the TRPV4 N-terminal proline-rich region (PRR), which binds as a class I polyproline II (PPII) helix. This PPII conformation is broken by a conserved proline in a cis conformation. Beyond the PPII, we find that the proximal TRPV4 N terminus is unstructured, a feature conserved across species thus explaining the difficulties in resolving it in previous structural studies. Syndapin/PACSIN SH3 domain binding leads to rigidification of both the PRR and the adjacent PIP2 binding site. We determined the affinities of the TRPV4 N terminus for PACSIN1, 2, and 3 SH3 domains and PIP2 and deduce a hierarchical interaction network where Syndapin/PACSIN binding influences the PIP2 binding site but not vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina A Glogowski
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erika Diehl
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Duchardt-Ferner
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carolin Hacker
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
The p2b domain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag and the p6 domain of HIV-1 Gag contain late assembly (L) domains that engage the ESCRT membrane fission machinery and are essential for virus release. We now show that the PPXY-type RSV L domain specifically recruits the BAR domain protein PACSIN2 into virus-like particles (VLP), in addition to the NEDD4-like ubiquitin ligase ITCH and ESCRT pathway components such as TSG101. PACSIN2, which has been implicated in the remodeling of cellular membranes and the actin cytoskeleton, is also recruited by HIV-1 p6 independent of its ability to engage the ESCRT factors TSG101 or ALIX. Moreover, PACSIN2 is robustly recruited by NEDD4-2s, a NEDD4-like ubiquitin ligase capable of rescuing HIV-1 budding defects. The NEDD4-2s-induced incorporation of PACSIN2 into VLP correlated with the formation of Gag-ubiquitin conjugates, indicating that PACSIN2 binds ubiquitin. Although PACSIN2 was not required for a single cycle of HIV-1 replication after infection with cell-free virus, HIV-1 spreading was nevertheless severely impaired in T cell lines and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells depleted of PACSIN2. HIV-1 spreading could be restored by reintroduction of wild-type PACSIN2, but not of a SH3 domain mutant unable to interact with the actin polymerization regulators WASP and N-WASP. Overall, our observations indicate that PACSIN2 promotes the cell-to-cell spreading of HIV-1 by connecting Gag to the actin cytoskeleton.
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26
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Malinova TS, Huveneers S. Sensing of Cytoskeletal Forces by Asymmetric Adherens Junctions. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:328-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Seemann E, Sun M, Krueger S, Tröger J, Hou W, Haag N, Schüler S, Westermann M, Huebner CA, Romeike B, Kessels MM, Qualmann B. Deciphering caveolar functions by syndapin III KO-mediated impairment of caveolar invagination. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29202928 PMCID: PMC5716666 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several human diseases are associated with a lack of caveolae. Yet, the functions of caveolae and the molecular mechanisms critical for shaping them still are debated. We show that muscle cells of syndapin III KO mice show severe reductions of caveolae reminiscent of human caveolinopathies. Yet, different from other mouse models, the levels of the plasma membrane-associated caveolar coat proteins caveolin3 and cavin1 were both not reduced upon syndapin III KO. This allowed for dissecting bona fide caveolar functions from those supported by mere caveolin presence and also demonstrated that neither caveolin3 nor caveolin3 and cavin1 are sufficient to form caveolae. The membrane-shaping protein syndapin III is crucial for caveolar invagination and KO rendered the cells sensitive to membrane tensions. Consistent with this physiological role of caveolae in counterpoising membrane tensions, syndapin III KO skeletal muscles showed pathological parameters upon physical exercise that are also found in CAVEOLIN3 mutation-associated muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seemann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Minxuan Sun
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Krueger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica Tröger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wenya Hou
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Natja Haag
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Susann Schüler
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A Huebner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Romeike
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael M Kessels
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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28
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Semmler J, Kormann J, Srinivasan SP, Köster A, Sälzer D, Reppel M, Hescheler J, Plomann M, Nguemo F. Pacsin 2 is required for the maintenance of a normal cardiac function in the developing mouse heart. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:200-210. [PMID: 29107716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Pacsin proteins (Pacsin 1, 2 and 3) play an important role in intracellular trafficking and thereby signal transduction in many cells types. This study was designed to examine the role of Pacsin 2 in cardiac development and function. We investigated the development and electrophysiological properties of Pacsin 2 knockout (P2KO) hearts and single cardiomyocytes isolated from 11.5 and 15.5days old fetal mice. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed the lack of Pacsin 2 protein expression in P2KO cardiac myocytes in comparison to wildtype (WT). Western blotting demonstrates low expression levels of connexin 43 and T-box 3 proteins in P2KO compared to wildtype (WT). Electrophysiology measurements including online Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) based field potential (FP) recordings on isolated whole heart of P2KO mice showed a prolonged AV-conduction time. Patch clamp measurements of P2KO cardiomyocytes revealed differences in action potential (AP) parameters and decreased pacemaker funny channel (If), as well as L-type Ca2+ channel (ICaL), and sodium channel (INa). These findings demonstrate that Pacsin 2 is necessary for cardiac development and function in mouse embryos, which will enhance our knowledge to better understand the genesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Semmler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Kormann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Annette Köster
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Sälzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Reppel
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Plomann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Mahadevan V, Khademullah CS, Dargaei Z, Chevrier J, Uvarov P, Kwan J, Bagshaw RD, Pawson T, Emili A, De Koninck Y, Anggono V, Airaksinen M, Woodin MA. Native KCC2 interactome reveals PACSIN1 as a critical regulator of synaptic inhibition. eLife 2017; 6:e28270. [PMID: 29028184 PMCID: PMC5640428 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KCC2 is a neuron-specific K+-Cl- cotransporter essential for establishing the Cl- gradient required for hyperpolarizing inhibition in the central nervous system (CNS). KCC2 is highly localized to excitatory synapses where it regulates spine morphogenesis and AMPA receptor confinement. Aberrant KCC2 function contributes to human neurological disorders including epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Using functional proteomics, we identified the KCC2-interactome in the mouse brain to determine KCC2-protein interactions that regulate KCC2 function. Our analysis revealed that KCC2 interacts with diverse proteins, and its most predominant interactors play important roles in postsynaptic receptor recycling. The most abundant KCC2 interactor is a neuronal endocytic regulatory protein termed PACSIN1 (SYNDAPIN1). We verified the PACSIN1-KCC2 interaction biochemically and demonstrated that shRNA knockdown of PACSIN1 in hippocampal neurons increases KCC2 expression and hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for Cl-. Overall, our global native-KCC2 interactome and subsequent characterization revealed PACSIN1 as a novel and potent negative regulator of KCC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mahadevan
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | | | - Zahra Dargaei
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jonah Chevrier
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Julian Kwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Richard D Bagshaw
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Tony Pawson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de QuébecQuébecCanada
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Victor Anggono
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Matti Airaksinen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Melanie A Woodin
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
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30
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Li Z, Xin J, Chen W, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao C, Yuan J, Jin G, Ma H, Du J, Hu Z, Wu T, Shen H, Dai J, Yu H. Genetic variants in autophagy associated genes are associated with DNA damage levels in Chinese population. Gene 2017; 626:414-419. [PMID: 28512061 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy associated genes (ATGs) played an important role in the repair process of DNA damage and decreased autophagy may weaken the repair process and aggravate DNA damage. Based on this, we hypothesized that DNA damage levels might be modified by genetic variants in autophagy associated genes. In order to validate our hypothesis, 307 subjects were recruited from three different cities (Zhuhai, Wuhan and Tianjin) in China. Demographic data, individual 24-h PM2.5 exposure and peripheral blood DNA damage levels were also detected. Seven potentially functional polymorphisms in four essential autophagy associated genes (ATG5, ATG7, ATG8 and ATG13) were screened to evaluate the relationship between the polymorphisms of autophagy associated genes and DNA damage levels. This association was assessed by using multivariable linear regression model, age, sex, smoke and PM2.5 exposure levels were adjusted in each city. We found that rs12599322 in ATG8 (A>G, β=0.263, 95% CI: 0.108-0.419, P=8.98×10-4) and rs7484002 in ATG13 (A>G, β=0.396, 95% CI: 0.085-0.708, P=0.013) were significantly associated with higher DNA damage levels. Furthermore, functional annotations showed that both rs12599322 and rs7484002 located at transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), indicating that they could regulate the expression of related genes through TF regulation. Following allelic trend analysis revealed that the DNA damage levels were significantly aggravated with the increasing number of risk variants in autophagy associated genes (P for trend: 8.09×10-5). Our findings suggested that the polymorphisms in ATGs may influence DNA damage levels in one of the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congwen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Soriano-Castell D, Chavero A, Rentero C, Bosch M, Vidal-Quadras M, Pol A, Enrich C, Tebar F. ROCK1 is a novel Rac1 effector to regulate tubular endocytic membrane formation during clathrin-independent endocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6866. [PMID: 28761175 PMCID: PMC5537229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-dependent and -independent pathways contribute for β1-integrin endocytosis. This study defines a tubular membrane clathrin-independent endocytic network, induced with the calmodulin inhibitor W13, for β1-integrin internalization. This pathway is dependent on increased phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) levels and dynamin activity at the plasma membrane. Exogenous addition of PI(4,5)P2 or phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) expression mimicked W13-generated-tubules which are inhibited by active Rac1. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms downstream of Rac1, that controls this plasma membrane tubulation, were analyzed biochemically and by the expression of different Rac1 mutants. The results indicate that phospholipase C and ROCK1 are the main Rac1 effectors that impair plasma membrane invagination and tubule formation, essentially by decreasing PI(4,5)P2 levels and promoting cortical actomyosin assembly respectively. Interestingly, among the plethora of proteins that participate in membrane remodeling, this study revealed that ROCK1, the well-known downstream RhoA effector, has an important role in Rac1 regulation of actomyosin at the cell cortex. This study provides new insights into Rac1 functioning on plasma membrane dynamics combining phosphatidylinositides and cytoskeleton regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soriano-Castell
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Chavero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Vidal-Quadras
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Dumont V, Tolvanen TA, Kuusela S, Wang H, Nyman TA, Lindfors S, Tienari J, Nisen H, Suetsugu S, Plomann M, Kawachi H, Lehtonen S. PACSIN2 accelerates nephrin trafficking and is up-regulated in diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2017; 31:3978-3990. [PMID: 28550045 PMCID: PMC5572687 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601265r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nephrin is a core component of podocyte (glomerular epithelial cell) slit diaphragm and is required for kidney ultrafiltration. Down-regulation or mislocalization of nephrin has been observed in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), characterized by albuminuria. Here, we investigate the role of protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 substrate in neurons 2 (PACSIN2), a regulator of endocytosis and recycling, in the trafficking of nephrin and development of DKD. We observe that PACSIN2 is up-regulated and nephrin mislocalized in podocytes of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that have altered renal function. In cultured podocytes, PACSIN2 and nephrin colocalize and interact. We show that nephrin is endocytosed in PACSIN2-positive membrane regions and that PACSIN2 overexpression increases both nephrin endocytosis and recycling. We identify rabenosyn-5, which is involved in early endosome maturation and endosomal sorting, as a novel interaction partner of PACSIN2. Interestingly, rabenosyn-5 expression is increased in podocytes in obese ZDF rats, and, in vitro, its overexpression enhances the association of PACSIN2 and nephrin. We also show that palmitate, which is elevated in diabetes, enhances this association. Collectively, PACSIN2 is up-regulated and nephrin is abnormally localized in podocytes of diabetic ZDF rats. In vitro, PACSIN2 enhances nephrin turnover apparently via a mechanism involving rabenosyn-5. The data suggest that elevated PACSIN2 expression accelerates nephrin trafficking and associates with albuminuria.—Dumont, V., Tolvanen, T. A., Kuusela, S., Wang, H., Nyman, T. A., Lindfors, S., Tienari, J., Nisen, H., Suetsugu, S., Plomann, M., Kawachi, H., Lehtonen, S. PACSIN2 accelerates nephrin trafficking and is up-regulated in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dumont
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sara Kuusela
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lindfors
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
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Salzer U, Kostan J, Djinović-Carugo K. Deciphering the BAR code of membrane modulators. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2413-2438. [PMID: 28243699 PMCID: PMC5487894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The BAR domain is the eponymous domain of the “BAR-domain protein superfamily”, a large and diverse set of mostly multi-domain proteins that play eminent roles at the membrane cytoskeleton interface. BAR domain homodimers are the functional units that peripherally associate with lipid membranes and are involved in membrane sculpting activities. Differences in their intrinsic curvatures and lipid-binding properties account for a large variety in membrane modulating properties. Membrane activities of BAR domains are further modified and regulated by intramolecular or inter-subunit domains, by intermolecular protein interactions, and by posttranslational modifications. Rather than providing detailed cell biological information on single members of this superfamily, this review focuses on biochemical, biophysical, and structural aspects and on recent findings that paradigmatically promote our understanding of processes driven and modulated by BAR domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Salzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julius Kostan
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Djinović-Carugo
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 119, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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H.M. Y, Kumar S, Dubey PP, Modi RP, Chaudhary R, A. SK, Ghosh SK, Sarkar M, B. S. Profiling of sperm gene transcripts in crossbred ( Bos taurus x Bos indicus ) bulls. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 177:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chandrasekaran R, Kenworthy AK, Lacy DB. Clostridium difficile Toxin A Undergoes Clathrin-Independent, PACSIN2-Dependent Endocytosis. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006070. [PMID: 27942025 PMCID: PMC5152916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection affects a significant number of hospitalized patients in the United States. Two homologous exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, are the major virulence factors in C. difficile pathogenesis. The toxins are glucosyltransferases that inactivate Rho family-GTPases to disrupt host cellular function and cause fluid secretion, inflammation, and cell death. Toxicity depends on receptor binding and subsequent endocytosis. TcdB has been shown to enter cells by clathrin-dependent endocytosis, but the mechanism of TcdA uptake is still unclear. Here, we utilize a combination of RNAi-based knockdown, pharmacological inhibition, and cell imaging approaches to investigate the endocytic mechanism(s) that contribute to TcdA uptake and subsequent cytopathic and cytotoxic effects. We show that TcdA uptake and cellular intoxication is dynamin-dependent but does not involve clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Confocal microscopy using fluorescently labeled TcdA shows significant colocalization of the toxin with PACSIN2-positive structures in cells during entry. Disruption of PACSIN2 function by RNAi-based knockdown approaches inhibits TcdA uptake and toxin-induced downstream effects in cells indicating that TcdA entry is PACSIN2-dependent. We conclude that TcdA and TcdB utilize distinct endocytic mechanisms to intoxicate host cells. Clostridium difficile is a bacterial pathogen that causes nearly half a million infections each year in the United States. It infects the human colon and causes diarrhea, colitis and, in some cases, death. C. difficile infection is mediated by the action of two large homologous toxins, TcdA and TcdB. Disruption of host cell function by these toxins requires entry into cells. There are multiple ways for pathogens and virulence factors such as viruses and toxins to enter host cells. The entry mechanism is often directed by a cell surface receptor and can impact the trafficking and virulence properties of the pathogenic factor. Investigating the internalization strategy can provide critical insight into the mechanism of action for specific pathogens and virulence factors. In our current study, we sought to determine the strategy utilized by TcdA to enter host cells. We show that TcdA uptake occurs by a clathrin- and caveolae-independent endocytic mechanism that is mediated by PACSIN2 and dynamin. We also show that TcdA and TcdB can utilize different routes of entry, which may have implications regarding their cytotoxic mechanisms. In summary, our results provide new insights into the mechanism of cellular intoxication by TcdA and the role of PACSIN2 in endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramyavardhanee Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Anne K. Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - D. Borden Lacy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Epithelial Biology Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- The Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Senju Y, Suetsugu S. Possible regulation of caveolar endocytosis and flattening by phosphorylation of F-BAR domain protein PACSIN2/Syndapin II. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 5:70-7. [PMID: 26745030 PMCID: PMC4832444 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1128604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane. The BAR domain proteins form crescent-shaped dimers, and their oligomeric filaments are considered to form spirals at the necks of invaginations, such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. PACSIN2/Syndapin II is one of the BAR domain-containing proteins, and is localized at the necks of caveolae. PACSIN2 is thought to function in the scission and stabilization of caveolae, through binding to dynamin-2 and EHD2, respectively. These two functions are considered to be switched by PACSIN2 phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) upon hypotonic stress and sheer stress. The phosphorylation decreases the membrane binding affinity of PACSIN2, leading to its removal from caveolae. The removal of the putative oligomeric spiral of PACSIN2 from caveolar membrane invaginations could lead to the deformation of caveolae. Indeed, PACSIN2 removal from caveolae is accompanied by the recruitment of dynamin-2, suggesting that the removal provides space for the function of dynamin-2. Otherwise, the removal of PACSIN2 decreases the stability of caveolae, which could result in the flattening of caveolae. In contrast, an increase in the amount of EHD2 restored caveolar stability. Therefore, PACSIN2 at caveolae stabilizes caveolae, but its removal by phosphorylation could induce both caveolar endocytosis and flattening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Senju
- a Institute of Biotechnology; University of Helsinki ; Helsinki , Finland
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- b Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology; Graduate School of Biosciences; Nara Institute of Science and Technology ; Ikoma , Japan
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Gleason AM, Nguyen KCQ, Hall DH, Grant BD. Syndapin/SDPN-1 is required for endocytic recycling and endosomal actin association in the C. elegans intestine. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:mbc.E16-02-0116. [PMID: 27630264 PMCID: PMC5170557 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndapin/Pascin family F-BAR domain proteins bind directly to membrane lipids and are associated with actin dynamics at the plasma membrane. Previous reports have also implicated mammalian syndapin 2 in endosome function during receptor recycling, but precise analysis of a putative recycling function for syndapin in mammalian systems is difficult because of syndapin effects on the earlier step of endocytic uptake, and potential redundancy among the three separate genes that encode mammalian syndapin isoforms. Here we analyze the endocytic transport function of the only C. elegans syndapin, SDPN-1. We find that SDPN-1 is a resident protein of the early and basolateral recycling endosomes in the C. elegans intestinal epithelium, and sdpn-1 deletion mutants display phenotypes indicating a block in basolateral recycling transport. sdpn-1 mutants accumulate abnormal endosomes positive for early endosome and recycling endosome markers that are normally separate, and such endosomes accumulate high levels of basolateral recycling cargo. Furthermore, we observed strong colocalization of endosomal SDPN-1 with the F-actin biosensor Lifeact, and found that loss of SDPN-1 greatly reduced Lifeact accumulation on early endosomes. Taken together our results provide strong evidence for an in vivo function of syndapin in endocytic recycling, and suggest that syndapin promotes transport via endosomal fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenrele M Gleason
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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McCallie BR, Parks JC, Patton AL, Griffin DK, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Hypomethylation and Genetic Instability in Monosomy Blastocysts May Contribute to Decreased Implantation Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159507. [PMID: 27434648 PMCID: PMC4951028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism responsible for gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability, playing a fundamental role during embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine if these epigenetic marks are associated with chromosomal aneuploidy in human blastocysts. Surplus, cryopreserved blastocysts that were donated to research with IRB consent were chosen with varying chromosomal aneuploidies and respective implantation potential: monosomies and trisomies 7, 11, 15, 21, and 22. DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (~485,000 CpG sites). The methylation profiles of these human blastocysts were found to be similar across all samples, independent of chromosome constitution; however, more detailed examination identified significant hypomethylation in the chromosome involved in the monosomy. Real-time PCR was also performed to determine if downstream messenger RNA (mRNA) was affected for genes on the monosomy chromosome. Gene dysregulation was observed for monosomy blastocysts within significant regions of hypo-methylation (AVEN, CYFIP1, FAM189A1, MYO9A, ADM2, PACSIN2, PARVB, and PIWIL3) (P < 0.05). Additional analysis was performed to examine the gene expression profiles of associated methylation regulators including: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L), chromatin modifying regulators (CSNK1E, KDM1, PRKCA), and a post-translational modifier (PRMT5). Decreased RNA transcription was confirmed for each DNMT, and the regulators that impact DNMT activity, for only monosomy blastocysts (P < 0.05). In summary, monosomy blastocysts displayed hypomethylation for the chromosome involved in the error, as well as transcription alterations of associated developmental genes. Together, these modifications may be contributing to genetic instability and therefore be responsible for the limited implantation potential observed for full monosomy blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair R. McCallie
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason C. Parks
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa L. Patton
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - William B. Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Mandy G. Katz-Jaffe
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
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Dorland YL, Malinova TS, van Stalborch AMD, Grieve AG, van Geemen D, Jansen NS, de Kreuk BJ, Nawaz K, Kole J, Geerts D, Musters RJP, de Rooij J, Hordijk PL, Huveneers S. The F-BAR protein pacsin2 inhibits asymmetric VE-cadherin internalization from tensile adherens junctions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12210. [PMID: 27417273 PMCID: PMC4947187 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular homoeostasis, development and disease critically depend on the regulation of endothelial cell-cell junctions. Here we uncover a new role for the F-BAR protein pacsin2 in the control of VE-cadherin-based endothelial adhesion. Pacsin2 concentrates at focal adherens junctions (FAJs) that are experiencing unbalanced actomyosin-based pulling. FAJs move in response to differences in local cytoskeletal geometry and pacsin2 is recruited consistently to the trailing end of fast-moving FAJs via a mechanism that requires an intact F-BAR domain. Photoconversion, photobleaching, immunofluorescence and super-resolution microscopy reveal polarized dynamics, and organization of junctional proteins between the front of FAJs and their trailing ends. Interestingly, pacsin2 recruitment inhibits internalization of the VE-cadherin complex from FAJ trailing ends and is important for endothelial monolayer integrity. Together, these findings reveal a novel junction protective mechanism during polarized trafficking of VE-cadherin, which supports barrier maintenance within dynamic endothelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Dorland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S Malinova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marieke D van Stalborch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Adam G Grieve
- Hubrecht Institute and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van Geemen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette S Jansen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan de Kreuk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Kalim Nawaz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kole
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GE, The Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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Martin TM, Plautz SA, Pannier AK. Temporal endogenous gene expression profiles in response to lipid-mediated transfection. J Gene Med 2015; 17:14-32. [PMID: 25663588 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Design of efficient nonviral gene delivery systems is limited as a result of the rudimentary understanding of the specific molecules and processes that facilitate DNA transfer. METHODS Lipoplexes formed with Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000) and plasmid-encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were delivered to the HEK 293T cell line. After treating cells with lipoplexes, HG-U133 Affymetrix microarrays were used to identify endogenous genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated cells (2 h exposure) or between flow-separated transfected cells (GFP+) and treated, untransfected cells (GFP-) at 8, 16 and 24 h after lipoplex treatment. Cell priming studies were conducted using pharmacologic agents to alter endogenous levels of the identified differentially expressed genes to determine effect on transfection levels. RESULTS Relative to untreated cells 2 h after lipoplex treatment, only downregulated genes were identified ≥ 30-fold: ALMS1, ITGB1, FCGR3A, DOCK10 and ZDDHC13. Subsequently, relative to GFP- cells, the GFP+ cell population showed at least a five-fold upregulation of RAP1A and PACSIN3 (8 h) or HSPA6 and RAP1A (16 and 24 h). Pharmacologic studies altering endogenous levels for ALMS1, FCGR3A, and DOCK10 (involved in filopodia protrusions), ITGB1 (integrin signaling), ZDDHC13 (membrane trafficking) and PACSIN3 (proteolytic shedding of membrane receptors) were able to increase or decrease transgene production. CONCLUSIONS RAP1A, PACSIN3 and HSPA6 may help lipoplex-treated cells overcome a transcriptional shutdown due to treatment with lipoplexes and provide new targets for investigating molecular mechanisms of transfection or for enhancing transfection through cell priming or engineering of the nonviral gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Durham Research Center II, University of Nebraska-Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Penazzi L, Bakota L, Brandt R. Microtubule Dynamics in Neuronal Development, Plasticity, and Neurodegeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 321:89-169. [PMID: 26811287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the basic information-processing units of the nervous system. In fulfilling their task, they establish a structural polarity with an axon that can be over a meter long and dendrites with a complex arbor, which can harbor ten-thousands of spines. Microtubules and their associated proteins play important roles during the development of neuronal morphology, the plasticity of neurons, and neurodegenerative processes. They are dynamic structures, which can quickly adapt to changes in the environment and establish a structural scaffold with high local variations in composition and stability. This review presents a comprehensive overview about the role of microtubules and their dynamic behavior during the formation and maturation of processes and spines in the healthy brain, during aging and under neurodegenerative conditions. The review ends with a discussion of microtubule-targeted therapies as a perspective for the supportive treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorène Penazzi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lidia Bakota
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Roland Brandt
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Senju Y, Rosenbaum E, Shah C, Hamada-Nakahara S, Itoh Y, Yamamoto K, Hanawa-Suetsugu K, Daumke O, Suetsugu S. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 by protein kinase C triggers the removal of caveolae from the plasma membrane. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2766-80. [PMID: 26092940 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PACSIN2, a membrane-sculpting BAR domain protein, localizes to caveolae. Here, we found that protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylates PACSIN2 at serine 313, thereby decreasing its membrane binding and tubulation capacities. Concomitantly, phosphorylation decreased the time span for which caveolae could be tracked at the plasma membrane (the 'tracking duration'). Analyses of the phospho-mimetic S313E mutant suggested that PACSIN2 phosphorylation was sufficient to reduce caveolar-tracking durations. Both hypotonic treatment and isotonic drug-induced PKC activation increased PACSIN2 phosphorylation at serine 313 and shortened caveolar-tracking durations. Caveolar-tracking durations were also reduced upon the expression of other membrane-binding-deficient PACSIN2 mutants or upon RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated PACSIN2 depletion, pointing to a role for PACSIN2 levels in modulating the lifetime of caveolae. Interestingly, the decrease in membrane-bound PACSIN2 was inversely correlated with the recruitment and activity of dynamin 2, a GTPase that mediates membrane scission. Furthermore, expression of EHD2, which stabilizes caveolae and binds to PACSIN2, restored the tracking durations of cells with reduced PACSIN2 levels. These findings suggest that the PACSIN2 phosphorylation decreases its membrane-binding activity, thereby decreasing its stabilizing effect on caveolae and triggering dynamin-mediated removal of caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Senju
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Eva Rosenbaum
- Crystallography, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Claudio Shah
- Crystallography, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Sayaka Hamada-Nakahara
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Itoh
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of System Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hanawa-Suetsugu
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biosciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Crystallography, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Laboratory of Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Biosciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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FlnA binding to PACSIN2 F-BAR domain regulates membrane tubulation in megakaryocytes and platelets. Blood 2015; 126:80-8. [PMID: 25838348 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-587600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) and Fes-CIP4 homology BAR (F-BAR) proteins generate tubular membrane invaginations reminiscent of the megakaryocyte (MK) demarcation membrane system (DMS), which provides membranes necessary for future platelets. The F-BAR protein PACSIN2 is one of the most abundant BAR/F-BAR proteins in platelets and the only one reported to interact with the cytoskeletal and scaffold protein filamin A (FlnA), an essential regulator of platelet formation and function. The FlnA-PACSIN2 interaction was therefore investigated in MKs and platelets. PACSIN2 associated with FlnA in human platelets. The interaction required FlnA immunoglobulin-like repeat 20 and the tip of PACSIN2 F-BAR domain and enhanced PACSIN2 F-BAR domain membrane tubulation in vitro. Most human and wild-type mouse platelets had 1 to 2 distinct PACSIN2 foci associated with cell membrane GPIbα, whereas Flna-null platelets had 0 to 4 or more foci. Endogenous PACSIN2 and transfected enhanced green fluorescent protein-PACSIN2 were concentrated in midstage wild-type mouse MKs in a well-defined invagination of the plasma membrane reminiscent of the initiating DMS and dispersed in the absence of FlnA binding. The DMS appeared less well defined, and platelet territories were not readily visualized in Flna-null MKs. We conclude that the FlnA-PACSIN2 interaction regulates membrane tubulation in MKs and platelets and likely contributes to DMS formation.
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Rao-Ruiz P, Carney KE, Pandya N, van der Loo RJ, Verheijen MHG, van Nierop P, Smit AB, Spijker S. Time-dependent changes in the mouse hippocampal synaptic membrane proteome after contextual fear conditioning. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1250-61. [PMID: 25708624 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A change in efficacy of hippocampal synapses is critical for memory formation. So far, the molecular analysis of synapses during learning has focused on small groups of proteins, whereas the dynamic global changes at these synapses have remained unknown. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes of the mouse hippocampal synaptic membrane proteome 1 and 4 h after contextual fear learning, comparing two groups; (1) a fear memory forming "delayed-shock" group and (2) a fear memory-deficient "immediate-shock" group. No changes in protein expression were observed 1 h after conditioning between the two experimental groups. However, 423 proteins were significantly regulated 4 h later of which 164 proteins showed a temporal regulation after a delayed shock and 273 proteins after the stress of an immediate shock. From the proteins that were differentially regulated between the delayed- and the immediate-shock groups at 4 h, 48 proteins, most prominently representing endocytosis, (amphiphysin, dynamin, and synaptojanin1), glutamate signaling (glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1, disks large homolog 3), and neurotransmitter metabolism (excitatory amino acid transporter 1, excitatory amino acid transporter 2, sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3) were regulated in both protocols, but in opposite directions, pointing toward an interaction of learning and stress. Taken together, this data set yields novel insight into diverse and dynamic changes that take place at hippocampal synapses over the time course of contextual fear-memory learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rao-Ruiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen E Carney
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,INSERM U862, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,Université De Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikhil Pandya
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J van der Loo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H G Verheijen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Nierop
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Umasankar PK, Ma L, Thieman JR, Jha A, Doray B, Watkins SC, Traub LM. A clathrin coat assembly role for the muniscin protein central linker revealed by TALEN-mediated gene editing. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25303365 PMCID: PMC4215538 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an evolutionarily ancient membrane transport system regulating cellular receptivity and responsiveness. Plasmalemma clathrin-coated structures range from unitary domed assemblies to expansive planar constructions with internal or flanking invaginated buds. Precisely how these morphologically-distinct coats are formed, and whether all are functionally equivalent for selective cargo internalization is still disputed. We have disrupted the genes encoding a set of early arriving clathrin-coat constituents, FCHO1 and FCHO2, in HeLa cells. Endocytic coats do not disappear in this genetic background; rather clustered planar lattices predominate and endocytosis slows, but does not cease. The central linker of FCHO proteins acts as an allosteric regulator of the prime endocytic adaptor, AP-2. By loading AP-2 onto the plasma membrane, FCHO proteins provide a parallel pathway for AP-2 activation and clathrin-coat fabrication. Further, the steady-state morphology of clathrin-coated structures appears to be a manifestation of the availability of the muniscin linker during lattice polymerization. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04137.001 Cells can take proteins and other molecules that are either embedded in, or attached to, their surface membrane and move them inside via a process called endocytosis. This process often involves a protein called clathrin working together with numerous other proteins. Early on, a complex of four proteins, called the adaptor protein-2 complex, interacts with both the ‘cargo’ molecules that are to be taken into the cell, and the cell membrane. Clathrin molecules then assemble into an ordered lattice-like coat, on top of the adaptor protein complex layer. This deforms a small patch of the cell membrane and curves it inwards. The clathrin molecules coat this pocket as it grows in size, until it engulfs the cargo. The pocket quickly pinches off from the membrane to form a bubble-like structure called a vesicle, which is brought into the cell. A family of proteins termed Muniscins were thought to be involved in the early stages of endocytosis and have to arrive at the membrane before the adaptor protein-2 complex and clathrin. But experiments to test this idea—that reduced, or ‘knocked-down’, the production of Muniscins—had given conflicting results. As such, it remained unclear how the small patches of membrane carrying cargo molecules are marked as being destined to become clathrin-coated vesicles. Now Umasankar et al. have studied the role that these proteins play in the early stages of endocytosis in human cells grown in a laboratory. A gene-editing approach was used to precisely disrupt a gene that codes for a Muniscin protein called FCHO2. Umasankar et al. observed that these ‘edited’ cells formed clathrin coats that were more irregular compared with those that form in normal cells. Nevertheless, clathrin-mediated vesicles still formed when this protein was absent, though the process of endocytosis was slower. Similar results were seen when Umasankar et al. used the same approach to disrupt the gene for a related protein called FCHO1 in the same cells. A short fragment of the Muniscin proteins, called the linker, was shown to bind to, and activate, the adaptor protein-2 complex. The linker then recruits this complex to the specific regions of the cell membrane where clathrin-coated vesicles will form. Several dozen other proteins also accumulate where clathrin pockets form; as such, one of the next challenges will be to investigate if this mechanism of locally activating the cargo-gathering machinery is common in living cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04137.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - James R Thieman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Anupma Jha
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Balraj Doray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Linton M Traub
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States
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Lee A, Liu S, Wang T. Identification of novel human kinases that suppress hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:716-26. [PMID: 24205826 PMCID: PMC4130908 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human kinome includes between 500 and 600 known kinases and open reading frames (ORFs) that play key roles in regulating many cellular processes. Past studies adopting loss-of-function approaches have identified some kinases whose activities are required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle. Here, by screening a retroviral cDNA library of 192 active human kinases, we found that three of them, namely cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1B), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MAP2K5) and protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 1 (PACSIN1), potently suppressed HCV infection. The expression of these kinases did not induce the production of type I interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs); instead, they inhibited HCV at postentry stages. Specifically, CKS1B and MAP2K5 significantly inhibited viral RNA replication. PACSIN1, by contrast, inhibited HCV infection by decreasing the level of HCV p7. Altogether, the identification of human protein kinases that exert an anti-HCV activity highlighted the potential of combating HCV infection by activating specific kinase-mediated pathways, offering an alternative strategy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Berbel P, Navarro D, Román GC. An evo-devo approach to thyroid hormones in cerebral and cerebellar cortical development: etiological implications for autism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:146. [PMID: 25250016 PMCID: PMC4158880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological alterations of cortical lamination observed in mouse models of developmental hypothyroidism prompted the recognition that these experimental changes resembled the brain lesions of children with autism; this led to recent studies showing that maternal thyroid hormone deficiency increases fourfold the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), offering for the first time the possibility of prevention of some forms of ASD. For ethical reasons, the role of thyroid hormones on brain development is currently studied using animal models, usually mice and rats. Although mammals have in common many basic developmental principles regulating brain development, as well as fundamental basic mechanisms that are controlled by similar metabolic pathway activated genes, there are also important differences. For instance, the rodent cerebral cortex is basically a primary cortex, whereas the primary sensory areas in humans account for a very small surface in the cerebral cortex when compared to the associative and frontal areas that are more extensive. Associative and frontal areas in humans are involved in many neurological disorders, including ASD, attention deficit-hyperactive disorder, and dyslexia, among others. Therefore, an evo-devo approach to neocortical evolution among species is fundamental to understand not only the role of thyroid hormones and environmental thyroid disruptors on evolution, development, and organization of the cerebral cortex in mammals but also their role in neurological diseases associated to thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Berbel
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gustavo C. Román
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer-Montiel A. Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:525-64. [PMID: 25257900 PMCID: PMC4194048 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRP channels (thermoTRPs) define a subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are activated by changes in the environmental temperature, from noxious cold to injurious heat. Acting as integrators of several stimuli and signalling pathways, dysfunction of these channels contributes to several pathological states. The surface expression of thermoTRPs is controlled by both, the constitutive and regulated vesicular trafficking. Modulation of receptor surface density during pathological processes is nowadays considered as an interesting therapeutic approach for management of diseases, such as chronic pain, in which an increased trafficking is associated with the pathological state. This review will focus on the recent advances trafficking of the thermoTRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8 and TRPA1, into/from the plasma membrane. Particularly, regulated membrane insertion of thermoTRPs channels contributes to a fine tuning of final channel activity, and indeed, it has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with successful clinical results such as disruption of SNARE-dependent exocytosis by botulinum toxin or botulinomimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakthikumar Mathivanan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Christoph Jakob Wolf
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
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Ebsen H, Lettau M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Identification of SH3 domain proteins interacting with the cytoplasmic tail of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). PLoS One 2014; 9:e102899. [PMID: 25036101 PMCID: PMC4103893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) play a pivotal role in the control of development, adhesion, migration, inflammation and cancer. Although numerous substrates of ADAM10 have been identified, the regulation of its surface expression and proteolytic activity is still poorly defined. One current hypothesis is that both processes are in part modulated by protein-protein interactions mediated by the intracellular portion of the protease. For related proteases, especially proline-rich regions serving as docking sites for Src homology domain 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins proved to be important for mediating regulatory interactions. In order to identify ADAM10-binding SH3 domain proteins, we screened the All SH3 Domain Phager library comprising 305 human SH3 domains using a GST fusion protein with the intracellular region of human ADAM10 as a bait for selection. Of a total of 291 analyzed phage clones, we found 38 SH3 domains that were precipitated with the ADAM10-derived fusion protein but not with GST. We verified the binding to the cytosolic portion of ADAM10 for several candidates by co-immunoprecipitation and/or pull down analyses. Intriguingly, several of the identified proteins have been implicated in regulating surface appearance and/or proteolytic activity of related ADAMs. Thus, it seems likely that they also play a role in ADAM10 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Ebsen
- University of Kiel, Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Lettau
- University of Kiel, Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- University of Kiel, Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- University of Kiel, Molecular Immunology, Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Del Pino I, Koch D, Schemm R, Qualmann B, Betz H, Paarmann I. Proteomic analysis of glycine receptor β subunit (GlyRβ)-interacting proteins: evidence for syndapin I regulating synaptic glycine receptors. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11396-11409. [PMID: 24509844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) mediate inhibitory neurotransmission in spinal cord and brainstem. They are clustered at inhibitory postsynapses via a tight interaction of their β subunits (GlyRβ) with the scaffolding protein gephyrin. In an attempt to isolate additional proteins interacting with GlyRβ, we performed pulldown experiments with rat brain extracts using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein encompassing amino acids 378-455 of the large intracellular loop of GlyRβ as bait. This identified syndapin I (SdpI) as a novel interaction partner of GlyRβ that coimmunoprecipitates with native GlyRs from brainstem extracts. Both SdpI and SdpII bound efficiently to the intracellular loop of GlyRβ in vitro and colocalized with GlyRβ upon coexpression in COS-7 cells. The SdpI-binding site was mapped to a proline-rich sequence of 22 amino acids within the intracellular loop of GlyRβ. Deletion and point mutation analysis disclosed that SdpI binding to GlyRβ is Src homology 3 domain-dependent. In cultured rat spinal cord neurons, SdpI immunoreactivity was found to partially colocalize with marker proteins of inhibitory and excitatory synapses. When SdpI was acutely knocked down in cultured spinal cord neurons by viral miRNA expression, postsynaptic GlyR clusters were significantly reduced in both size and number. Similar changes in GlyR cluster properties were found in spinal cultures from SdpI-deficient mice. Our results are consistent with a role of SdpI in the trafficking and/or cytoskeletal anchoring of synaptic GlyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Del Pino
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main
| | - Dennis Koch
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena
| | - Rudolf Schemm
- Department for Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, and
| | - Britta Qualmann
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena
| | - Heinrich Betz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main,; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Paarmann
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main,.
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