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Antiguas A, Dunnwald M. A novel noncanonical function for IRF6 in the recycling of E-cadherin. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar102. [PMID: 38809584 PMCID: PMC11244161 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-11-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor essential for keratinocyte cell-cell adhesions. Previously, we found that recycling of E-cadherin was defective in the absence of IRF6, yet total E-cadherin levels were not altered, suggesting a previously unknown, nontranscriptional function for IRF6. IRF6 protein contains a DNA binding domain (DBD) and a protein binding domain (PBD). The transcriptional function of IRF6 depends on its DBD and PBD, however, whether the PBD is necessary for the interaction with cytoplasmic proteins has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we show that an intact PBD is required for recruitment of cell-cell adhesion proteins at the plasma membrane, including the recycling of E-cadherin. Colocalizations and coimmunoprecipitations reveal that IRF6 forms a complex in recycling endosomes with Rab11, Myosin Vb, and E-cadherin, and that the PBD is required for this interaction. These data indicate that IRF6 is a novel effector of the endosomal recycling of E-cadherin and demonstrate a non-transcriptional function for IRF6 in regulating cell-cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Antiguas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245
| | - Martine Dunnwald
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52245
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2
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Nowak J, Lenartowski R, Kalita K, Lehka L, Karatsai O, Lenartowska M, Rędowicz MJ. Myosin VI in the nucleolus of neurosecretory PC12 cells: its involvement in the maintenance of nucleolar structure and ribosome organization. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1368416. [PMID: 38774650 PMCID: PMC11106421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1368416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that unconventional myosin VI (MVI), a unique actin-based motor protein, shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus in neurosecretory PC12 cells in a stimulation-dependent manner and interacts with numerous proteins involved in nuclear processes. Among the identified potential MVI partners was nucleolin, a major nucleolar protein implicated in rRNA processing and ribosome assembly. Several other nucleolar proteins such as fibrillarin, UBF (upstream binding factor), and B23 (also termed nucleophosmin) have been shown to interact with MVI. A bioinformatics tool predicted the presence of the nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) within the MVI globular tail domain, and immunostaining confirmed the presence of MVI within the nucleolus. Depletion of MVI, previously shown to impair PC12 cell proliferation and motility, caused disorganization of the nucleolus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). However, lack of MVI does not affect nucleolar transcription. In light of these data, we propose that MVI is important for nucleolar and ribosome maintenance but not for RNA polymerase 1-related transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Partnership for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders—BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Kengyel A, Palarz PM, Krohn J, Marquardt A, Greve JN, Heiringhoff R, Jörns A, Manstein DJ. Motor properties of Myosin 5c are modulated by tropomyosin isoforms and inhibited by pentabromopseudilin. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1394040. [PMID: 38606007 PMCID: PMC11008601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1394040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myosin 5c (Myo5c) is a motor protein that is produced in epithelial and glandular tissues, where it plays an important role in secretory processes. Myo5c is composed of two heavy chains, each containing a generic motor domain, an elongated neck domain consisting of a single α-helix with six IQ motifs, each of which binds to a calmodulin (CaM) or a myosin light chain from the EF-hand protein family, a coiled-coil dimer-forming region and a carboxyl-terminal globular tail domain. Although Myo5c is a low duty cycle motor, when two or more Myo5c-heavy meromyosin (HMM) molecules are linked together, they move processively along actin filaments. We describe the purification and functional characterization of human Myo5c-HMM co-produced either with CaM alone or with CaM and the essential and regulatory light chains Myl6 and Myl12b. We describe the extent to which cofilaments of actin and Tpm1.6, Tpm1.8 or Tpm3.1 alter the maximum actin-activated ATPase and motile activity of the recombinant Myo5c constructs. The small allosteric effector pentabromopseudilin (PBP), which is predicted to bind in a groove close to the actin and nucleotide binding site with a calculated ΔG of -18.44 kcal/mol, inhibits the motor function of Myo5c with a half-maximal concentration of 280 nM. Using immunohistochemical staining, we determined the distribution and exact localization of Myo5c in endothelial and endocrine cells from rat and human tissue. Particular high levels of Myo5c were observed in insulin-producing β-cells located within the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Kengyel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Philip M. Palarz
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Krohn
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Marquardt
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes N. Greve
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robin Heiringhoff
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar J. Manstein
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Silva DO, Fernandes Júnior GA, Fonseca LFS, Mota LFM, Bresolin T, Carvalheiro R, de Albuquerque LG. Genome-wide association study for stayability at different calvings in Nellore beef cattle. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:93. [PMID: 38254039 PMCID: PMC10804543 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDING Stayability, which may be defined as the probability of a cow remaining in the herd until a reference age or at a specific number of calvings, is usually measured late in the animal's life. Thus, if used as selection criteria, it will increase the generation interval and consequently might decrease the annual genetic gain. Measuring stayability at an earlier age could be a reasonable strategy to avoid this problem. In this sense, a better understanding of the genetic architecture of this trait at different ages and/or at different calvings is important. This study was conducted to identify possible regions with major effects on stayability measured considering different numbers of calvings in Nellore cattle as well as pathways that can be involved in its expression throughout the female's productive life. RESULTS The top 10 most important SNP windows explained, on average, 17.60% of the genetic additive variance for stayability, varying between 13.70% (at the eighth calving) and 21% (at the fifth calving). These SNP windows were located on 17 chromosomes (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 27, and 28), and they harbored a total of 176 annotated genes. The functional analyses of these genes, in general, indicate that the expression of stayability from the second to the sixth calving is mainly affected by genetic factors related to reproductive performance, and nervous and immune systems. At the seventh and eighth calvings, genes and pathways related to animal health, such as density bone and cancer, might be more relevant. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that part of the target genomic regions in selecting for stayability at earlier ages (from the 2th to the 6th calving) would be different than selecting for this trait at later ages (7th and 8th calvings). While the expression of stayability at earlier ages appeared to be more influenced by genetic factors linked to reproductive performance together with an overall health/immunity, at later ages genetic factors related to an overall animal health gain relevance. These results support that selecting for stayability at earlier ages (perhaps at the second calving) could be applied, having practical implications in breeding programs since it could drastically reduce the generation interval, accelerating the genetic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Osmar Silva
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gerardo Alves Fernandes Júnior
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Flávio Macedo Mota
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- Animal Science Department, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
- Present address: Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n., São Paulo, Jaboticabal, CEP: 14884-900, Brazil.
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Wang S, Wang X, Pan C, Liu Y, Lei M, Guo X, Chen Q, Yang X, Ouyang C, Ren Z. Functions of actin-binding proteins in cilia structure remodeling and signaling. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e202300026. [PMID: 37478133 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles found on the surfaces of many types of cells, including cardiac fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, human retinal pigmented epithelial-1 (RPE-1) cells, and alveolar epithelial cells. These organelles can be classified as immotile cilia, referred to as primary cilia in mammalian cells, and motile cilia. Primary cilia are cellular sensors that detect extracellular signals; this is a critical function associated with ciliopathies, which are characterized by the typical clinical features of developmental disorders. Cilia are extensively studied organelles of the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the ciliary actin cytoskeleton has rarely been studied. Clear evidence has shown that highly regulated actin cytoskeleton dynamics contribute to normal ciliary function. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) play vital roles in filamentous actin (F-actin) morphology. Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding the roles of ABPs in ciliary structural remodeling and further downstream ciliary signaling with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying actin cytoskeleton-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Congbin Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiying Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaosong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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6
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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7
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Bowman DM, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. Altered MYO5B Function Underlies Microvillus Inclusion Disease: Opportunities for Intervention at a Cellular Level. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:553-565. [PMID: 35660026 PMCID: PMC9304615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital diarrheal disorder resulting in life-threatening secretory diarrhea in newborns. Inactivating and nonsense mutations in myosin Vb (MYO5B) have been identified in MVID patients. Work using patient tissues, cell lines, mice, and pigs has led to critical insights into the pathology of MVID and a better understanding of both apical trafficking in intestinal enterocytes and intestinal stem cell differentiation. These studies have demonstrated that loss of MYO5B or inactivating mutations lead to loss of apical sodium and water transporters, without loss of apical CFTR, accounting for the major pathology of the disease. In addition, loss of MYO5B expression induces the formation of microvillus inclusions through apical bulk endocytosis that utilizes dynamin and PACSIN2 and recruits tight junction proteins to the sites of bulk endosome formation. Importantly, formation of microvillus inclusions is not required for the induction of diarrhea. Recent investigations have demonstrated that administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can partially reestablish apical ion transporters in enterocytes of MYO5B KO mice. In addition, further studies have shown that MYO5B loss induces an imbalance in Wnt/Notch signaling pathways that can lead to alterations in enterocyte maturation and tuft cell lineage differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to improvements in those cell differentiation deficits. These studies demonstrate that directed strategies through LPA receptor activation and Notch inhibition can bypass the inhibitory effects of MYO5B loss. Thus, effective strategies may be successful in MVID patients and other congenital diarrhea syndromes to reestablish proper apical membrane absorption of sodium and water in enterocytes and ameliorate life-threatening congenital diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Bowman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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8
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Holthenrich A, Terglane J, Naß J, Mietkowska M, Kerkhoff E, Gerke V. Spire1 and Myosin Vc promote Ca 2+-evoked externalization of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:96. [PMID: 35084586 PMCID: PMC8794916 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weibel–Palade bodies (WPB) are endothelial cell-specific storage granules that regulate vascular hemostasis by releasing the platelet adhesion receptor von Willebrand factor (VWF) following stimulation. Fusion of WPB with the plasma membrane is accompanied by the formation of actin rings or coats that support the expulsion of large multimeric VWF fibers. However, factor(s) organizing these actin ring structures have remained elusive. We now identify the actin-binding proteins Spire1 and Myosin Vc (MyoVc) as cytosolic factors that associate with WPB and are involved in actin ring formation at WPB-plasma membrane fusion sites. We show that both, Spire1 and MyoVc localize only to mature WPB and that upon Ca2+ evoked exocytosis of WPB, Spire1 and MyoVc together with F-actin concentrate in ring-like structures at the fusion sites. Depletion of Spire1 or MyoVc reduces the number of these actin rings and decreases the amount of VWF externalized to the cell surface after histamine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Holthenrich
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Terglane
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Naß
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Magdalena Mietkowska
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Arends D, Kärst S, Heise S, Korkuc P, Hesse D, Brockmann GA. Transmission distortion and genetic incompatibilities between alleles in a multigenerational mouse advanced intercross line. Genetics 2021; 220:6428544. [PMID: 34791189 PMCID: PMC8733443 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While direct additive and dominance effects on complex traits have been mapped repeatedly, additional genetic factors contributing to the heterogeneity of complex traits have been scarcely investigated. To assess genetic background effects, we investigated transmission ratio distortions (TRDs) of alleles from parent to offspring using an advanced intercross line (AIL) of an initial cross between the mouse inbred strains C57BL/6NCrl (B6N) and BFMI860-12 [Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred (BFMI)]. A total of 341 males of generation 28 and their respective 61 parents and 66 grandparents were genotyped using Mega Mouse Universal Genotyping Arrays. TRDs were investigated using allele transmission asymmetry tests, and pathway overrepresentation analysis was performed. Sequencing data were used to test for overrepresentation of nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in TRD regions. Genetic incompatibilities were tested using the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller two-locus model. A total of 62 TRD regions were detected, many in close proximity to the telocentric centromere. TRD regions contained 44.5% more nsSNPs than randomly selected regions (182 vs 125.9 ± 17.0, P < 1 × 10−4). Testing for genetic incompatibilities between TRD regions identified 29 genome-wide significant incompatibilities between TRD regions [P(BF) < 0.05]. Pathway overrepresentation analysis of genes in TRD regions showed that DNA methylation, epigenetic regulation of RNA, and meiotic/meiosis regulation pathways were affected independent of the parental origin of the TRD. Paternal BFMI TRD regions showed overrepresentation in the small interfering RNA biogenesis and in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. Maternal B6N TRD regions harbored genes involved in meiotic recombination, cell death, and apoptosis pathways. The analysis of genes in TRD regions suggests the potential distortion of protein–protein interactions influencing obesity and diabetic retinopathy as a result of disadvantageous combinations of allelic variants in Aass, Pgx6, and Nme8. Using an AIL significantly improves the resolution at which we can investigate TRD. Our analysis implicates distortion of protein–protein interactions as well as meiotic drive as the underlying mechanisms leading to the observed TRD in our AIL. Furthermore, genes with large amounts of nsSNPs located in TRD regions are more likely to be involved in pathways that are related to the phenotypic differences between the parental strains. Genes in these TRD regions provide new targets for investigating genetic adaptation, protein–protein interactions, and determinants of complex traits such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Arends
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kärst
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heise
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Korkuc
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Deike Hesse
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institut für Agrar- und Gartenbauwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Tesolin P, Fiorino S, Lenarduzzi S, Rubinato E, Cattaruzzi E, Ammar L, Castro V, Orzan E, Granata C, Dell’Orco D, Morgan A, Girotto G. Pendred Syndrome, or Not Pendred Syndrome? That Is the Question. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1569. [PMID: 34680964 PMCID: PMC8535891 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pendred syndrome (PDS) is the most common form of syndromic Hearing Loss (HL), characterized by sensorineural HL, inner ear malformations, and goiter, with or without hypothyroidism. SLC26A4 is the major gene involved, even though ~50% of the patients carry only one pathogenic mutation. This study aims to define the molecular diagnosis for a cohort of 24 suspected-PDS patients characterized by a deep radiological and audiological evaluation. Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), the analysis of twelve variants upstream of SLC26A4, constituting the "CEVA haplotype" and Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification (MLPA) searching for deletions/duplications in SLC26A4 gene have been carried out. In five patients (20.8%) homozygous/compound heterozygous SLC26A4 mutations, or pathogenic mutation in trans with the CEVA haplotype have been identified, while five subjects (20.8%) resulted heterozygous for a single variant. In silico protein modeling supported the pathogenicity of the detected variants, suggesting an effect on the protein stabilization/function. Interestingly, we identified a genotype-phenotype correlation among those patients carrying SLC26A4 mutations, whose audiograms presented a characteristic slope at the medium and high frequencies, providing new insights into PDS. Finally, an interesting homozygous variant in MYO5C has been identified in one patient negative to SLC26A4 gene, suggesting the identification of a new HL candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tesolin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sofia Fiorino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Stefania Lenarduzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa Rubinato
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Cattaruzzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Lydie Ammar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Veronica Castro
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Eva Orzan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Claudio Granata
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniele Dell’Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Anna Morgan
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.L.); (E.R.); (E.C.); (L.A.); (V.C.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (A.M.)
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11
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Cao C, Prado MA, Sun L, Rockowitz S, Sliz P, Paulo JA, Finley D, Fleming MD. Maternal Iron Deficiency Modulates Placental Transcriptome and Proteome in Mid-Gestation of Mouse Pregnancy. J Nutr 2021; 151:1073-1083. [PMID: 33693820 PMCID: PMC8112763 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal iron deficiency (ID) is associated with poor pregnancy and fetal outcomes. The effect is thought to be mediated by the placenta but there is no comprehensive assessment of placental responses to maternal ID. Additionally, whether the influence of maternal ID on the placenta differs by fetal sex is unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify gene and protein signatures of ID mouse placentas at mid-gestation. A secondary objective was to profile the expression of iron genes in mouse placentas across gestation. METHODS We used a real-time PCR-based array to determine the mRNA expression of all known iron genes in mouse placentas at embryonic day (E) 12.5, E14.5, E16.5, and E19.5 (n = 3 placentas/time point). To determine the effect of maternal ID, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomics in male and female placentas from ID and iron-adequate mice at E12.5 (n = 8 dams/diet). RESULTS In female placentas, 6 genes, including transferrin receptor (Tfrc) and solute carrier family 11 member 2, were significantly changed by maternal ID. An additional 154 genes were altered in male ID placentas. A proteomic analysis quantified 7662 proteins in the placenta. Proteins translated from iron-responsive element (IRE)-containing mRNA were altered in abundance; ferritin and ferroportin 1 decreased, while TFRC increased in ID placentas. Less than 4% of the significantly altered genes in ID placentas occurred both at the transcriptional and translational levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the impact of maternal ID on placental gene expression in mice is limited in scope and magnitude at mid-gestation. We provide strong evidence for IRE-based transcriptional and translational coordination of iron gene expression in the mouse placenta. Finally, we discover sexually dimorphic effects of maternal ID on placental gene expression, with more genes and pathways altered in male compared with female mouse placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Cao
- Address correspondence to CC (e-mail: )
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shira Rockowitz
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Bibeau JP, Furt F, Mousavi SI, Kingsley JL, Levine MF, Tüzel E, Vidali L. In vivo interactions between myosin XI, vesicles and filamentous actin are fast and transient in Physcomitrella patens. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.234682. [PMID: 31964706 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton and active membrane trafficking machinery are essential for polarized cell growth. To understand the interactions between myosin XI, vesicles and actin filaments in vivo, we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and showed that the dynamics of myosin XIa at the tip of the spreading earthmoss Physcomitrella patens caulonemal cells are actin-dependent and that 50% of myosin XI is bound to vesicles. To obtain single-particle information, we used variable-angle epifluorescence microscopy in protoplasts to demonstrate that protein myosin XIa and VAMP72-labeled vesicles localize in time and space over periods lasting only a few seconds. By tracking data with Hidden Markov modeling, we showed that myosin XIa and VAMP72-labeled vesicles exhibit short runs of actin-dependent directed transport. We also found that the interaction of myosin XI with vesicles is short-lived. Together, this vesicle-bound fraction, fast off-rate and short average distance traveled seem be crucial for the dynamic oscillations observed at the tip, and might be vital for regulation and recycling of the exocytosis machinery, while simultaneously promoting vesicle focusing and vesicle secretion at the tip, necessary for cell wall expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Bibeau
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Fabienne Furt
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - S Iman Mousavi
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - James L Kingsley
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Max F Levine
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.,Bioengineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA .,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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13
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Furnish M, Caino MC. Altered mitochondrial trafficking as a novel mechanism of cancer metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 3:e1157. [PMID: 32671955 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian cells must constantly reprogram the distribution of mitochondria in order to meet the local demands for energy, calcium, redox balance, and other mitochondrial functions. Mitochondrial localization inside the cell is a result of a combination of movement along the microtubule tracks plus anchoring to actin filaments. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances show that subcellular distribution of mitochondria can regulate tumor cell growth, proliferation/motility plasticity, metastatic competence, and therapy responses in tumors. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms by which mitochondrial subcellular distribution is regulated in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial trafficking is dysregulated in tumors. Accumulation of mitochondria at the leading edge of the cell supports energy expensive processes of focal adhesion dynamics, cell membrane dynamics, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Furnish
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Nuckels RJ, Nice CC, García DM. Duplicated Myosin V Genes in Teleosts Show Evolutionary Rate Variations among the Motor and Cargo-Binding Domains. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:415-430. [PMID: 30496538 PMCID: PMC6372264 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evy258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed evolutionary rates of conserved, duplicated myosin V (myo5) genes in nine teleost species to examine the outcomes of duplication events. Syntenic analysis and ancestral chromosome mapping suggest one tandem gene duplication event leading to the appearance of myo5a and myo5c, two rounds of whole genome duplication for vertebrates, and an additional round of whole genome duplication for teleosts account for the presence and location of the myo5 genes and their duplicates in teleosts and other vertebrates and the timing of the duplication events. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a previously unidentified myo5 clade that we refer to now as myo5bb. Analysis using dN/dS rate comparisons revealed large regions within duplicated myo5 genes that are highly conserved. Codons identified in other studies as encoding functionally important portions of the Myo5a and Myo5b proteins are shown to be highly conserved within the newly identified myo5bb clade and in other myo5 duplicates. As much as 30% of 319 codons encoding the cargo-binding domain in the myo5aa genes are conserved in all three codon positions in nine teleost species. For the myo5bb cargo-binding domain, 6.6% of 336 codons have zero substitutions in all nine teleost species. Using molecular evolution assays, we identify the myo5bb branch as being subject to evolutionary rate variation with the cargo-binding domain, having 20% of the sites under positive selection and the motor domain having 8% of its sites under positive selection. The high number of invariant codons coupled with relatively high dN/dS values in the region of the myo5 genes encoding the ATP-binding domain suggests the encoded proteins retain function and may have acquired novel functions associated with changes to the cargo-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Nuckels
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos.,Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Chris C Nice
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos
| | - Dana M García
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos
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15
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Chiral Neuronal Motility: The Missing Link between Molecular Chirality and Brain Asymmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Left–right brain asymmetry is a fundamental property observed across phyla from invertebrates to humans, but the mechanisms underlying its formation are still largely unknown. Rapid progress in our knowledge of the formation of body asymmetry suggests that brain asymmetry might be controlled by the same mechanisms. However, most of the functional brain laterality, including language processing and handedness, does not share common mechanisms with visceral asymmetry. Accumulating evidence indicates that asymmetry is manifested as chirality at the single cellular level. In neurons, the growth cone filopodia at the tips of neurites exhibit a myosin V-dependent, left-helical, and right-screw rotation, which drives the clockwise circular growth of neurites on adhesive substrates. Here, I propose an alternative model for the formation of brain asymmetry that is based on chiral neuronal motility. According to this chiral neuron model, the molecular chirality of actin filaments and myosin motors is converted into chiral neuronal motility, which is in turn transformed into the left–right asymmetry of neural circuits and lateralized brain functions. I also introduce automated, numerical, and quantitative methods to analyze the chirality and the left–right asymmetry that would enable the efficient testing of the model and to accelerate future investigations in this field.
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16
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Predicting miRNA targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using an ensemble method. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:87-93. [PMID: 28665450 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to uncover potential microRNA (miRNA) targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using an ensemble method which combined 3 different methods: Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), Lasso and a causal inference method (i.e., intervention calculus when the directed acyclic graph (DAG) is absent [IDA]), based on Borda count election. METHODS The Borda count election method was used to integrate the top 100 predicted targets of each miRNA generated by individual methods. Afterwards, to validate the performance ability of our method, we checked the TarBase v6.0, miRecords v2013, miRWalk v2.0 and miRTarBase v4.5 databases to validate predictions for miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis of target genes in the top 1,000 miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) interactions was conducted to focus on significant KEGG pathways. Finally, we extracted target genes based on occurrence frequency ≥3. RESULTS Based on an absolute value of PCC >0.7, we found 33 miRNAs and 288 mRNAs for further analysis. We extracted 10 target genes with predicted frequencies not less than 3. The target gene MYO5C possessed the highest frequency, which was predicted by 7 different miRNAs. Significantly, a total of 8 pathways were identified; the pathways of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway were the most significant. CONCLUSIONS We successfully predicted target genes and pathways for HNSCC relying on miRNA expression data, mRNA expression profile, an ensemble method and pathway information. Our results may offer new information for the diagnosis and estimation of the prognosis of HNSCC.
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17
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Myosin Va from Eriocheir sinensis: cDNA cloning, expression and involvement in growth and development. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 226:45-52. [PMID: 30138681 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Myosin Va, a member of the myosin superfamily, has been widely identified associated with processes of cellular motility, which include neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity during neurodevelopment. However, the function of myosin Va in the growth and development of crustaceans has not yet been reported. In this study, a full-length cDNA of myosin Va (named as EsMyoVa) was cloned from the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, and the expression patterns were detected in different tissues and larval developmental stages. The full-length cDNA of EsMyoVa was 6037 bp in length. Real time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that EsMyoVa transcript has a wide tissue distribution pattern and is expressed in zoeae, megalopa, juvenile crab stages and adults. In order to further study the function of this gene, we used RNAi technology in the muscle, hepatopancreas, gill, and gonad. After double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection, the expression level of EsMyoVa was significantly decreased in all tissues in both sexes and the gene knockdown effects of dsRNA persisted for at least 6 days. Subsequently, the role of EsMyoVa was revealed by silencing the transcript through one month injections of Myosin Va dsRNA. Crabs with reduced levels of EsMyoVa transcripts displayed a dramatic slowing in growth rate and considerably higher mortality compared to control groups, which indicated that this gene had important role of regulating growth and development.
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18
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Gardini L, Heissler SM, Arbore C, Yang Y, Sellers JR, Pavone FS, Capitanio M. Dissecting myosin-5B mechanosensitivity and calcium regulation at the single molecule level. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2844. [PMID: 30030431 PMCID: PMC6054644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5B is one of three members of the myosin-5 family of actin-based molecular motors. Despite its fundamental role in recycling endosome trafficking and in collective actin network dynamics, the molecular mechanisms underlying its motility are inherently unknown. Here we combine single-molecule imaging and high-speed laser tweezers to dissect the mechanoenzymatic properties of myosin-5B. We show that a single myosin-5B moves processively in 36-nm steps, stalls at ~2 pN resistive forces, and reverses its directionality at forces >2 pN. Interestingly, myosin-5B mechanosensitivity differs from that of myosin-5A, while it is strikingly similar to kinesin-1. In particular, myosin-5B run length is markedly and asymmetrically sensitive to force, a property that might be central to motor ensemble coordination. Furthermore, we show that Ca2+ does not affect the enzymatic activity of the motor unit, but abolishes myosin-5B processivity through calmodulin dissociation, providing important insights into the regulation of postsynaptic cargoes trafficking in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gardini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
| | - Claudia Arbore
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8015, USA
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Capitanio
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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19
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Kjos I, Vestre K, Guadagno NA, Borg Distefano M, Progida C. Rab and Arf proteins at the crossroad between membrane transport and cytoskeleton dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1397-1409. [PMID: 30021127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular movement and positioning of organelles and vesicles is mediated by the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Small GTPases like Rab and Arf proteins are main regulators of intracellular transport by connecting membranes to cytoskeleton motors or adaptors. However, it is becoming clear that interactions between these small GTPases and the cytoskeleton are important not only for the regulation of membrane transport. In this review, we will cover our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the connection between Rab and Arf GTPases and the cytoskeleton, with special emphasis on the double role of these interactions, not only in membrane trafficking but also in membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the most recent findings about the fine control mechanisms of crosstalk between different members of Rab, Arf, and Rho families of small GTPases in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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20
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Schlegel C, Weis VG, Knowles BC, Lapierre LA, Martin MG, Dickman P, Goldenring JR, Shub MD. Apical Membrane Alterations in Non-intestinal Organs in Microvillus Inclusion Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:356-365. [PMID: 29218485 PMCID: PMC5797493 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a severe form of neonatal diarrhea, caused mainly by mutations in MYO5B. Inactivating mutations in MYO5B causes depolarization of enterocytes in the small intestine, which gives rise to chronic, unremitting secretory diarrhea. While the pathology of the small intestine in MVID patients is well described, little is known about extraintestinal effects of MYO5B mutation. METHODS We examined stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, and kidney in Navajo MVID patients, who share a single homozygous MYO5B-P660L (1979C>T p.Pro660Leu, exon 16). Sections were stained for markers of the apical membrane to assess polarized trafficking. RESULTS Navajo MVID patients showed notable changes in H/K-ATPase-containing tubulovesicle structure in the stomach parietal cells. Colonic mucosa was morphologically normal, but did show losses in apical ezrin and Syntaxin 3. Hepatocytes in the MVID patients displayed aberrant canalicular expression of the essential transporters MRP2 and BSEP. The pancreas showed small fragmented islets and a decrease in apical ezrin in pancreatic ducts. Kidney showed normal primary cilia. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the effects of the P660L mutation in MYO5B in Navajo MVID patients are not limited to the small intestine, but that certain tissues may be able to compensate functionally for alterations in apical trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Schlegel
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Victoria G Weis
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Byron C Knowles
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lynne A Lapierre
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Martin G Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul Dickman
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Mitchell D Shub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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21
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Tu F, Sedzinski J, Ma Y, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. Protein localization screening in vivo reveals novel regulators of multiciliated cell development and function. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206565. [PMID: 29180514 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) drive fluid flow in diverse tubular organs and are essential for the development and homeostasis of the vertebrate central nervous system, airway and reproductive tracts. These cells are characterized by dozens or hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a coordinated and polarized manner. In recent years, genomic studies have not only elucidated the transcriptional hierarchy for MCC specification but also identified myriad new proteins that govern MCC ciliogenesis, cilia beating and cilia polarization. Interestingly, this burst of genomic data has also highlighted that proteins with no obvious role in cilia do, in fact, have important ciliary functions. Understanding the function of proteins with little prior history of study presents a special challenge, especially when faced with large numbers of such proteins. Here, we define the subcellular localization in MCCs of ∼200 proteins not previously implicated in cilia biology. Functional analyses arising from the screen provide novel links between actin cytoskeleton and MCC ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tu
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jakub Sedzinski
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,The Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yun Ma
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,The Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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22
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Zhang N, Yao LL, Li XD. Regulation of class V myosin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:261-273. [PMID: 28730277 PMCID: PMC11105390 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Class V myosin (myosin-5) is a molecular motor that functions as an organelle transporter. The activation of myosin-5's motor function has long been known to be associated with a transition from the folded conformation in the off-state to the extended conformation in the on-state, but only recently have we begun to understand the underlying mechanism. The globular tail domain (GTD) of myosin-5 has been identified as the inhibitory domain and has recently been shown to function as a dimer in regulating the motor function. The folded off-state of myosin-5 is stabilized by multiple intramolecular interactions, including head-GTD interactions, GTD-GTD interactions, and interactions between the GTD and the C-terminus of the first coiled-coil segment. Any cellular factor that affects these intramolecular interactions and thus the stability of the folded conformation of myosin-5 would be expected to regulate myosin-5 motor function. Both the adaptor proteins of myosin-5 and Ca2+ are potential regulators of myosin-5 motor function, because they can destabilize its folded conformation. A combination of these regulators provides a versatile scheme in regulating myosin-5 motor function in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K, Sellers JR. Kinetic signatures of myosin-5B, the motor involved in microvillus inclusion disease. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18372-18385. [PMID: 28882893 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.801456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5B is a ubiquitous molecular motor that transports cargo vesicles of the endomembrane system in intracellular recycling pathways. Myosin-5B malfunction causes the congenital enteropathy microvillus inclusion disease, underlining its importance in cellular homeostasis. Here we describe the interaction of myosin-5B with F-actin, nucleotides, and the pyrazolopyrimidine compound myoVin-1. We show that single-headed myosin-5B is an intermediate duty ratio motor with a kinetic ATPase cycle that is rate-limited by the release of phosphate. The presence of a second head generates strain and gating in the myosin-5B dimer that alters the kinetic signature by reducing the actin-activated ADP release rate to become rate-limiting. This kinetic transition into a high-duty ratio motor is a prerequisite for the proposed transport function of myosin-5B in cellular recycling pathways. Moreover, we show that the small molecule compound myoVin-1 inhibits the enzymatic and functional activity of myosin-5B in vitro Partial inhibition of the actin-activated steady-state ATPase activity and sliding velocity suggests that caution should be used when probing the effect of myoVin-1 on myosin-5-dependent transport processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8015 and
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- the Cell Adhesion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - James R Sellers
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8015 and
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24
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How myosin organization of the actin cytoskeleton contributes to the cancer phenotype. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1026-34. [PMID: 27528748 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains 39 genes that encode myosin heavy chains, classified on the basis of their sequence similarity into 12 classes. Most cells express at least 12 different genes, from at least 8 different classes, which are typically composed of several class 1 genes, at least one class 2 gene and classes 5, 6, 9, 10, 18 and 19. Although the different myosin isoforms all have specific and non-overlapping roles in the cell, in combination they all contribute to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and the shape and phenotype of the cell. Over (or under) expression of these different myosin isoforms can have strong effects on actin organization, cell shape and contribute to the cancer phenotype as discussed in this review.
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25
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Li YR, Zhong A, Dong H, Ni LH, Tan FQ, Yang WX. Myosin Va plays essential roles in maintaining normal mitosis, enhancing tumor cell motility and viability. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54654-54671. [PMID: 28903372 PMCID: PMC5589611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va, a member of Class V myosin, functions in organelle motility, spindle formation, nuclear morphogenesis and cell motility. The purpose of this study is to explore the expression and localization of myosin Va in testicular cancer and prostate cancer, and its specific roles in tumor progression including cell division, migration and proliferation. We detected myosin Va in testicular and prostate tumor tissues using sqRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Tumor samples showed an increased expression of myosin Va, abnormal actin and myosin Va distribution. Immunofluorescence images during the cell cycle showed that myosin Va tended to gather at cytoplasm during anaphase but co-localized with nucleus during other phases, suggesting the roles of myosin Va in disassembly of spindle microtubule, movement of chromosomes and normal cytokinesis. In addition, multi-nucleation and aberrant nuclear morphology were observed in myosin Va-knockdown cells. Wounding assay and CCK-8-based cell counting were conducted to explore myosin Va roles in cell migration, viability and proliferation. Our results suggest that myosin Va plays essential roles in maintaining normal mitosis, enhancing tumor cell motility and viability, and these properties are the hallmark of tumor progression and metastasis development. Therefore, an increased understanding of myosin Va expression and function will assist in the development of future oncodiagnosis and -therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai Zhong
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Dong
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Han Ni
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xi Yang
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Welz T, Kerkhoff E. Exploring the iceberg: Prospects of coordinated myosin V and actin assembly functions in transport processes. Small GTPases 2017; 10:111-121. [PMID: 28394692 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1281863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motor proteins were recently discovered to coexist in a protein complex. The direct interaction allows the coordinated activation of actin motor proteins and actin filament track generation at vesicle membranes. By now the cooperation of myosin V (MyoV) motors and Spir actin nucleation function has only been shown in the exocytic transport of Rab11 vesicles in metaphase mouse oocytes. Next to Rab11, myosin V motors however interact with a variety of Rab GTPases including Rab3, Rab8 and Rab10. As a common theme most of the MyoV interacting Rab GTPases function at different steps along the exocytic transport routes. We here summarize the different transport functions of class V myosins and provide as proof of principle data showing a colocalization of Spir actin nucleators and MyoVa at Rab8a vesicles. This suggests that besides Rab11/MyoV transport also the Rab8/MyoV and possibly other MyoV transport processes recruit Spir actin filament nucleation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Welz
- a University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology , Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Eugen Kerkhoff
- a University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Neurology , Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory , Regensburg , Germany
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27
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Farquhar RE, Rodrigues E, Hamilton KL. The Role of the Cytoskeleton and Myosin-Vc in the Targeting of KCa3.1 to the Basolateral Membrane of Polarized Epithelial Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 7:639. [PMID: 28101059 PMCID: PMC5209343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the targeting of KCa3.1 to the basolateral membrane (BLM) of polarized epithelial cells is still emerging. Here, we examined the role of the cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) and Myosin-Vc (Myo-Vc) in the targeting of KCa3.1 in Fischer rat thyroid epithelial cells. We used a pharmacological approach with immunoblot (for the BLM expression of KCa3.1), Ussing chamber (functional BLM expression of KCa3.1) and siRNA experiments. The actin cytoskeleton inhibitors cytochalasin D (10 μM, 5 h) and latrunculin A (10 μM, 5 h) reduced the targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM by 88 ± 4 and 70 ± 5%, respectively. Colchicine (10 μM, 5 h) a microtubule inhibitor reduced targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM by 63 ± 7% and decreased 1-EBIO-stimulated KCa3.1 K+ current by 46 ± 18%, compared with control cells. ML9 (10 μM, 5 h), an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, decreased targeting of the channel by 83 ± 2% and reduced K+ current by 54 ± 8% compared to control cells. Inhibiting Myo-V with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (10 mM, 5 h) reduced targeting of the channel to the BLM by 58 ± 5% and decreased the stimulated current of KCa3.1 by 48 ± 12% compared with control cells. Finally, using siRNA for Myo-Vc, we demonstrated that knockdown of Myo-Vc reduced the BLM expression of KCa3.1 by 44 ± 7% and KCa3.1 K+ current by 1.04 ± 0.14 μA compared with control cells. These data suggest that the microtubule and microfilament cytoskeleton and Myo-Vc are critical for the targeting of KCa3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Farquhar
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ely Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirk L Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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28
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Lemmelä S, Solovieva S, Shiri R, Benner C, Heliövaara M, Kettunen J, Anttila V, Ripatti S, Perola M, Seppälä I, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Salomaa V, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Palotie A, Viikari-Juntura E, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Sciatica in Finnish Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163877. [PMID: 27764105 PMCID: PMC5072673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sciatica or the sciatic syndrome is a common and often disabling low back disorder in the working-age population. It has a relatively high heritability but poorly understood molecular mechanisms. The Finnish population is a genetic isolate where small founder population and bottleneck events have led to enrichment of certain rare and low frequency variants. We performed here the first genome-wide association (GWAS) and meta-analysis of sciatica. The meta-analysis was conducted across two GWAS covering 291 Finnish sciatica cases and 3671 controls genotyped and imputed at 7.7 million autosomal variants. The most promising loci (p<1x10-6) were replicated in 776 Finnish sciatica patients and 18,489 controls. We identified five intragenic variants, with relatively low frequencies, at two novel loci associated with sciatica at genome-wide significance. These included chr9:14344410:I (rs71321981) at 9p22.3 (NFIB gene; p = 1.30x10-8, MAF = 0.08) and four variants at 15q21.2: rs145901849, rs80035109, rs190200374 and rs117458827 (MYO5A; p = 1.34x10-8, MAF = 0.06; p = 2.32x10-8, MAF = 0.07; p = 3.85x10-8, MAF = 0.06; p = 4.78x10-8, MAF = 0.07, respectively). The most significant association in the meta-analysis, a single base insertion rs71321981 within the regulatory region of the transcription factor NFIB, replicated in an independent Finnish population sample (p = 0.04). Despite identifying 15q21.2 as a promising locus, we were not able to replicate it. It was differentiated; the lead variants within 15q21.2 were more frequent in Finland (6–7%) than in other European populations (1–2%). Imputation accuracies of the three significantly associated variants (chr9:14344410:I, rs190200374, and rs80035109) were validated by genotyping. In summary, our results suggest a novel locus, 9p22.3 (NFIB), which may be involved in susceptibility to sciatica. In addition, another locus, 15q21.2, emerged as a promising one, but failed to replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lemmelä
- Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Solovieva
- Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Health and Work Ability, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Benner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heliövaara
- Population Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Verneri Anttila
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
- The Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States of America
| | - Eira Viikari-Juntura
- Disability Prevention Centre, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Myosin Vc Is Specialized for Transport on a Secretory Superhighway. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2202-7. [PMID: 27498562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of the well-studied vertebrate class Va myosin is its ability to take multiple steps on actin as a single molecule without dissociating, a feature called "processivity." Therefore, it was surprising when kinetic and single-molecule assays showed that human myosin Vc (MyoVc) was not processive on single-actin filaments [1-3]. We explored the possibility that MyoVc is processive only under conditions that resemble its biological context. Recently, it was shown that zymogen vesicles are transported on actin "superhighways" composed of parallel actin cables nucleated by formins from the plasma membrane [4]. Loss of these cables compromises orderly apical targeting of vesicles. MyoVc has been implicated in transporting secretory vesicles to the apical membrane [5]. We hypothesized that actin cables regulate the processive properties of MyoVc. We show that MyoVc is unique in taking variable size steps, which are frequently in the backward direction. Results obtained with chimeric constructs implicate the lever arm/rod of MyoVc as being responsible for these properties. Actin bundles allow single MyoVc motors to move processively. Remarkably, even teams of MyoVc motors require actin bundles to move continuously at physiological ionic strength. The irregular stepping pattern of MyoVc, which may result from flexibility in the lever arm/rod of MyoVc, appears to be a unique structural adaptation that allows the actin track to spatially restrict the activity of MyoVc to specialized actin cables in order to co-ordinate and target the final stages of vesicle secretion.
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30
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Bello OD, Cappa AI, de Paola M, Zanetti MN, Fukuda M, Fissore RA, Mayorga LS, Michaut MA. Rab3A, a possible marker of cortical granules, participates in cortical granule exocytosis in mouse eggs. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:42-51. [PMID: 27423421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of cortical granules with the oocyte plasma membrane is the most significant event to prevent polyspermy. This particular exocytosis, also known as cortical reaction, is regulated by calcium and its molecular mechanism is still not known. Rab3A, a member of the small GTP-binding protein superfamily, has been implicated in calcium-dependent exocytosis and is not yet clear whether Rab3A participates in cortical granules exocytosis. Here, we examine the involvement of Rab3A in the physiology of cortical granules, particularly, in their distribution during oocyte maturation and activation, and their participation in membrane fusion during cortical granule exocytosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis showed that Rab3A and cortical granules have a similar migration pattern during oocyte maturation, and that Rab3A is no longer detected after cortical granule exocytosis. These results suggested that Rab3A might be a marker of cortical granules. Overexpression of EGFP-Rab3A colocalized with cortical granules with a Pearson correlation coefficient of +0.967, indicating that Rab3A and cortical granules have almost a perfect colocalization in the egg cortical region. Using a functional assay, we demonstrated that microinjection of recombinant, prenylated and active GST-Rab3A triggered cortical granule exocytosis, indicating that Rab3A has an active role in this secretory pathway. To confirm this active role, we inhibited the function of endogenous Rab3A by microinjecting a polyclonal antibody raised against Rab3A prior to parthenogenetic activation. Our results showed that Rab3A antibody microinjection abolished cortical granule exocytosis in parthenogenetically activated oocytes. Altogether, our findings confirm that Rab3A might function as a marker of cortical granules and participates in cortical granule exocytosis in mouse eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Bello
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Andrea Isabel Cappa
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Matilde de Paola
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Natalia Zanetti
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Rafael A Fissore
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Luis S Mayorga
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Michaut
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología, CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Av. Libertador 80, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina.
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31
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Zhang WB, Yao LL, Li XD. The Globular Tail Domain of Myosin-5a Functions as a Dimer in Regulating the Motor Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13571-9. [PMID: 27129208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.724328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5a contains two heavy chains, which are dimerized via the coiled-coil regions. Thus, myosin-5a comprises two heads and two globular tail domains (GTDs). The GTD is the inhibitory domain that binds to the head and inhibits its motor function. Although the two-headed structure is essential for the processive movement of myosin-5a along actin filaments, little is known about the role of GTD dimerization. Here, we investigated the effect of GTD dimerization on its inhibitory activity. We found that the potent inhibitory activity of the GTD is dependent on its dimerization by the preceding coiled-coil regions, indicating synergistic interactions between the two GTDs and the two heads of myosin-5a. Moreover, we found that alanine mutations of the two conserved basic residues at N-terminal extension of the GTD not only weaken the inhibitory activity of the GTD but also enhance the activation of myosin-5a by its cargo-binding protein melanophilin (Mlph). These results are consistent with the GTD forming a head to head dimer, in which the N-terminal extension of the GTD interacts with the Mlph-binding site in the counterpart GTD. The Mlph-binding site at the GTD-GTD interface must be exposed prior to the binding of Mlph. We therefore propose that the inhibited Myo5a is equilibrated between the folded state, in which the Mlph-binding site is buried, and the preactivated state, in which the Mlph-binding site is exposed, and that Mlph is able to bind to the Myo5a in preactivated state and activates its motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhang
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
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32
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Heissler SM, Sellers JR. Kinetic Adaptations of Myosins for Their Diverse Cellular Functions. Traffic 2016; 17:839-59. [PMID: 26929436 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Members of the myosin superfamily are involved in all aspects of eukaryotic life. Their function ranges from the transport of organelles and cargos to the generation of membrane tension, and the contraction of muscle. The diversity of physiological functions is remarkable, given that all enzymatically active myosins follow a conserved mechanoenzymatic cycle in which the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate is coupled to either actin-based transport or tethering of actin to defined cellular compartments. Kinetic capacities and limitations of a myosin are determined by the extent to which actin can accelerate the hydrolysis of ATP and the release of the hydrolysis products and are indispensably linked to its physiological tasks. This review focuses on kinetic competencies that - together with structural adaptations - result in myosins with unique mechanoenzymatic properties targeted to their diverse cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, B50/3523, Bethesda, MD 20892-8015, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, B50/3523, Bethesda, MD 20892-8015, USA
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33
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Yao LL, Shen M, Lu Z, Ikebe M, Li XD. Identification of the Isoform-specific Interactions between the Tail and the Head of Class V Myosin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8241-50. [PMID: 26912658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have three isoforms of class V myosin (Myo5), Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c, which are involved in transport of multiple cargoes. It is well established that the motor functions of Myo5a and Myo5b are regulated by a tail inhibition mechanism. Here we found that the motor function of Myo5c was also inhibited by its globular tail domain (GTD), and this inhibition was abolished by high Ca(2+), indicating that the tail inhibition mechanism is conserved in vertebrate Myo5. Interestingly, we found that Myo5a-GTD and Myo5c-GTD were not interchangeable in terms of inhibition of motor function, indicating isoform-specific interactions between the GTD and the head of Myo5. To identify the isoform-specific interactions, we produced a number of Myo5 chimeras by swapping the corresponding regions of Myo5a and Myo5c. We found that Myo5a-GTD, with its H11-H12 loop being substituted with that of Myo5c, was able to inhibit the ATPase activity of Myo5c and that Myo5a-GTD was able to inhibit the ATPase activity of Myo5c-S1 and Myo5c-HMM only when their IQ1 motif was substituted with that of Myo5a. Those results indicate that the H11-H12 loop in the GTD and the IQ1 motif in the head dictate the isoform-specific interactions between the GTD and head of Myo5. Because the IQ1 motif is wrapped by calmodulin, whose conformation is influenced by the sequence of the IQ1 motif, we proposed that the calmodulin bound to the IQ1 motif interacts with the H11-H12 loop of the GTD in the inhibited state of Myo5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yao
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Mei Shen
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Zekuan Lu
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Xiang-dong Li
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
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Stone R, Hayashi T, Bajimaya S, Hodges E, Takimoto T. Critical role of Rab11a-mediated recycling endosomes in the assembly of type I parainfluenza viruses. Virology 2015; 487:11-8. [PMID: 26484934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and newly synthesized viral nucleocapsids (vRNPs) are transported to the plasma membrane to be incorporated into progeny virions. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the Rab11-mediated recycling pathway in Sendai virus (SeV) and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) vRNP transport. We found that suppression of Rab11 expression caused vRNP aggregation in the cytoplasm and reduced progeny virion formation. Overexpression of constitutively active Rab11Q70L, but not dominant negative Rab11S25N co-localized with vRNP, showing that vRNP specifically recognizes the GTP-bound active form of Rab11. Moreover, Rab11Q70L co-localized with the dominant negative tails of all three subtypes of myosins, Va, Vb, and Vc, while SeV and hPIV1 vRNPs co-localized with only myosin Vb and Vc. These results highlight the critical role of Rab11 in vRNP trafficking, and suggest a specificity in the recycling endosomes parainfluenza viruses utilize for virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raychel Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shringkhala Bajimaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Erin Hodges
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Toru Takimoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 672 Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Das S, Yu S, Sakamori R, Vedula P, Feng Q, Flores J, Hoffman A, Fu J, Stypulkowski E, Rodriguez A, Dobrowolski R, Harada A, Hsu W, Bonder EM, Verzi MP, Gao N. Rab8a vesicles regulate Wnt ligand delivery and Paneth cell maturation at the intestinal stem cell niche. Development 2015; 142:2147-62. [PMID: 26015543 PMCID: PMC4483769 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Communication between stem and niche supporting cells maintains the homeostasis of adult tissues. Wnt signaling is a crucial regulator of the stem cell niche, but the mechanism that governs Wnt ligand delivery in this compartment has not been fully investigated. We identified that Wnt secretion is partly dependent on Rab8a-mediated anterograde transport of Gpr177 (wntless), a Wnt-specific transmembrane transporter. Gpr177 binds to Rab8a, depletion of which compromises Gpr177 traffic, thereby weakening the secretion of multiple Wnts. Analyses of generic Wnt/β-catenin targets in Rab8a knockout mouse intestinal crypts indicate reduced signaling activities; maturation of Paneth cells – a Wnt-dependent cell type – is severely affected. Rab8a knockout crypts show an expansion of Lgr5+ and Hopx+ cells in vivo. However, in vitro, the knockout enteroids exhibit significantly weakened growth that can be partly restored by exogenous Wnts or Gsk3β inhibitors. Immunogold labeling and surface protein isolation identified decreased plasma membrane localization of Gpr177 in Rab8a knockout Paneth cells and fibroblasts. Upon stimulation by exogenous Wnts, Rab8a-deficient cells show ligand-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation and transcriptional reporter activation. Rab8a thus controls Wnt delivery in producing cells and is crucial for Paneth cell maturation. Our data highlight the profound tissue plasticity that occurs in response to stress induced by depletion of a stem cell niche signal. Summary: In maturing mouse Paneth cells, Wnt secretion is partly dependent on a Rab8a-mediated anterograde transport of Gpr177. Rab8a is required for Paneth cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyashree Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pavan Vedula
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Andrew Hoffman
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ewa Stypulkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Alexis Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wei Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Canani RB, Castaldo G, Bacchetta R, Martín MG, Goulet O. Congenital diarrhoeal disorders: advances in this evolving web of inherited enteropathies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 12:293-302. [PMID: 25782092 PMCID: PMC7599016 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diarrhoeal disorders (CDDs) represent an evolving web of rare chronic enteropathies, with a typical onset early in life. In many of these conditions, severe chronic diarrhoea represents the primary clinical manifestation, whereas in others diarrhoea is only a component of a more complex multi-organ or systemic disorder. Typically, within the first days of life, diarrhoea leads to a life-threatening condition highlighted by severe dehydration and serum electrolyte abnormalities. Thus, in the vast majority of cases appropriate therapy must be started immediately to prevent dehydration and long-term, sometimes severe, complications. The number of well-characterized disorders attributed to CDDs has gradually increased over the past several years, and many new genes have been identified and functionally related to CDDs, opening new diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Molecular analysis has changed the diagnostic scenario in CDDs, and led to a reduction in invasive and expensive procedures. Major advances have been made in terms of pathogenesis, enabling a better understanding not only of these rare conditions but also of more common diseases mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martín G. Martín
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mattel Children’s Hospital and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Olivier Goulet
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Paris Descartes Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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37
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Souza CCR, Dombroski TCD, Machado HR, Oliveira RS, Rocha LB, Rodrigues ARA, Neder L, Chimelli L, Corrêa VMA, Larson RE, Martins AR. Myosin Va is developmentally regulated and expressed in the human cerebellum from birth to old age. Braz J Med Biol Res 2015; 46:164-70. [PMID: 23558932 PMCID: PMC3854355 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va functions as a processive, actin-based motor molecule highly enriched
in the nervous system, which transports and/or tethers organelles, vesicles, and
mRNA and protein translation machinery. Mutation of myosin Va leads to Griscelli
disease that is associated with severe neurological deficits and a short life
span. Despite playing a critical role in development, the expression of myosin
Va in the central nervous system throughout the human life span has not been
reported. To address this issue, the cerebellar expression of myosin Va from
newborns to elderly humans was studied by immunohistochemistry using an
affinity-purified anti-myosin Va antibody. Myosin Va was expressed at all ages
from the 10th postnatal day to the 98th year of life, in molecular, Purkinje and
granular cerebellar layers. Cerebellar myosin Va expression did not differ
essentially in localization or intensity from childhood to old age, except
during the postnatal developmental period. Structures resembling granules and
climbing fibers in Purkinje cells were deeply stained. In dentate neurons, long
processes were deeply stained by anti-myosin Va, as were punctate nuclear
structures. During the first postnatal year, myosin Va was differentially
expressed in the external granular layer (EGL). In the EGL, proliferating
prospective granule cells were not stained by anti-myosin Va antibody. In
contrast, premigratory granule cells in the EGL stained moderately. Granule
cells exhibiting a migratory profile in the molecular layer were also moderately
stained. In conclusion, neuronal myosin Va is developmentally regulated, and
appears to be required for cerebellar function from early postnatal life to
senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C R Souza
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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38
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Bultema JJ, Boyle JA, Malenke PB, Martin FE, Dell'Angelica EC, Cheney RE, Di Pietro SM. Myosin vc interacts with Rab32 and Rab38 proteins and works in the biogenesis and secretion of melanosomes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33513-28. [PMID: 25324551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.578948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Class V myosins are actin-based motors with conserved functions in vesicle and organelle trafficking. Herein we report the discovery of a function for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis as an effector of melanosome-associated Rab GTPases. We isolated Myosin Vc in a yeast two-hybrid screening for proteins that interact with Rab38, a Rab protein involved in the biogenesis of melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles. Rab38 and its close homolog Rab32 bind to Myosin Vc but not to Myosin Va or Myosin Vb. Binding depends on residues in the switch II region of Rab32 and Rab38 and regions of the Myosin Vc coiled-coil tail domain. Myosin Vc also interacts with Rab7a and Rab8a but not with Rab11, Rab17, and Rab27. Although Myosin Vc is not particularly abundant on pigmented melanosomes, its knockdown in MNT-1 melanocytes caused defects in the trafficking of integral membrane proteins to melanosomes with substantially increased surface expression of Tyrp1, nearly complete loss of Tyrp2, and significant Vamp7 mislocalization. Knockdown of Myosin Vc in MNT-1 cells more than doubled the abundance of pigmented melanosomes but did not change the number of unpigmented melanosomes. Together the data demonstrate a novel role for Myosin Vc in melanosome biogenesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred J Bultema
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80918
| | - Judith A Boyle
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Parker B Malenke
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Faye E Martin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Esteban C Dell'Angelica
- the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and
| | - Richard E Cheney
- the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Santiago M Di Pietro
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523,
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39
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Wouters MM, Lambrechts D, Becker J, Cleynen I, Tack J, Vigo AG, Ruiz de León A, Urcelay E, Pérez de la Serna J, Rohof W, Annese V, Latiano A, Palmieri O, Mattheisen M, Mueller M, Lang H, Fumagalli U, Laghi L, Zaninotto G, Cuomo R, Sarnelli G, Nöthen MM, Vermeire S, Knapp M, Gockel I, Schumacher J, Boeckxstaens GE. Genetic variation in the lymphotoxin-α (LTA)/tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) locus as a risk factor for idiopathic achalasia. Gut 2014; 63:1401-9. [PMID: 24259423 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic achalasia is a rare motor disorder of the oesophagus characterised by neuronal loss at the lower oesophageal sphincter. Achalasia is generally accepted as a multifactorial disorder with various genetic and environmental factors being risk-associated. Since genetic factors predisposing to achalasia have been poorly documented, we assessed whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes mediating immune response and neuronal function contribute to achalasia susceptibility. METHODS 391 SNPs covering 190 immune and 67 neuronal genes were genotyped in an exploratory cohort from Central Europe (589 achalasia patients, 794 healthy volunteers (HVs)). 24 SNPs (p<0.05) were validated in an Italian (160 achalasia patients, 278 HVs) and Spanish cohort (281 achalasia patients, 296 HVs). 16 SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs1799724 (r(2)>0.2) were genotyped in the exploratory cohort. Genotype distributions of patients (1030) and HVs (1368) were compared using Cochran-Armitage trend test. RESULTS The rs1799724 SNP located between the lymphotoxin-α (LTA) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) genes was significantly associated with achalasia and withstood correction for testing multiple SNPs (p=1.17E-4, OR=1.41 (1.18 to 1.67)). SNPs in high LD with rs1799724 were associated with achalasia. Three SNPs located in myosin-5B, adrenergic receptor-β-2 and interleukin-13 (IL13) showed nominally significant association to achalasia that was strengthened by replication. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence for rs1799724 at the LTA/TNFα locus as a susceptibility factor for idiopathic achalasia. Additional studies are needed to dissect which genetic variants in the LTA/TNFα locus are disease-causing and confirm other variants as potential susceptibility factors for achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jessica Becker
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana G Vigo
- Immunology and Gastroenterology Departments, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz de León
- Immunology and Gastroenterology Departments, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Urcelay
- Immunology and Gastroenterology Departments, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pérez de la Serna
- Immunology and Gastroenterology Departments, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wout Rohof
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Division of Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza' Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Michaela Mueller
- Department of Gastroenterology, German Clinic of Diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uberto Fumagalli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaninotto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosario Cuomo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Girard M, Lacaille F, Verkarre V, Mategot R, Feldmann G, Grodet A, Sauvat F, Irtan S, Davit-Spraul A, Jacquemin E, Ruemmele F, Rainteau D, Goulet O, Colomb V, Chardot C, Henrion-Caude A, Debray D. MYO5B and bile salt export pump contribute to cholestatic liver disorder in microvillous inclusion disease. Hepatology 2014; 60:301-10. [PMID: 24375397 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital disorder of the enterocyte related to mutations in the MYO5B gene, leading to intractable diarrhea often necessitating intestinal transplantation (ITx). Among our cohort of 28 MVID patients, 8 developed a cholestatic liver disease akin to progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms by which MYO5B mutations affect hepatic biliary function and lead to cholestasis in MVID patients. Clinical and biological features and outcome were reviewed. Pretransplant liver biopsies were analyzed by immunostaining and electron microscopy. Cholestasis occurred before (n = 5) or after (n = 3) ITx and was characterized by intermittent jaundice, intractable pruritus, increased serum bile acid (BA) levels, and normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Liver histology showed canalicular cholestasis, mild-to-moderate fibrosis, and ultrastructural abnormalities of bile canaliculi. Portal fibrosis progressed in 5 patients. No mutation in ABCB11/BSEP or ATP8B1/FIC1 genes were identified. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated abnormal cytoplasmic distribution of MYO5B, RAB11A, and BSEP in hepatocytes. Interruption of enterohepatic BA cycling after partial external biliary diversion or graft removal proved the most effective to ensure long-term remission. CONCLUSION MVID patients are at risk of developing a PFIC-like liver disease that may hamper outcome after ITx. Our results suggest that cholestasis in MVID patients results from (1) impairment of the MYO5B/RAB11A apical recycling endosome pathway in hepatocytes, (2) altered targeting of BSEP to the canalicular membrane, and (3) increased ileal BA absorption. Because cholestasis worsens after ITx, indication of a combined liver ITx should be discussed in MVID patients with severe cholestasis. Future studies will need to address more specifically the effect of MYO5B dysfunction in BA homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Girard
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR 781, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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41
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Knowles BC, Roland JT, Krishnan M, Tyska MJ, Lapierre LA, Dickman PS, Goldenring JR, Shub MD. Myosin Vb uncoupling from RAB8A and RAB11A elicits microvillus inclusion disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2947-62. [PMID: 24892806 DOI: 10.1172/jci71651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a severe form of congenital diarrhea that arises from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding myosin Vb (MYO5B). We have examined the association of mutations in MYO5B and disruption of microvillar assembly and polarity in enterocytes. Stable MYO5B knockdown (MYO5B-KD) in CaCo2-BBE cells elicited loss of microvilli, alterations in junctional claudins, and disruption of apical and basolateral trafficking; however, no microvillus inclusions were observed in MYO5B-KD cells. Expression of WT MYO5B in MYO5B-KD cells restored microvilli; however, expression of MYO5B-P660L, a MVID-associated mutation found within Navajo populations, did not rescue the MYO5B-KD phenotype but induced formation of microvillus inclusions. Microvilli establishment required interaction between RAB8A and MYO5B, while loss of the interaction between RAB11A and MYO5B induced microvillus inclusions. Using surface biotinylation and dual immunofluorescence staining in MYO5B-KD cells expressing mutant forms of MYO5B, we observed that early microvillus inclusions were positive for the sorting marker SNX18 and derived from apical membrane internalization. In patients with MVID, MYO5B-P660L results in global changes in polarity at the villus tips that could account for deficits in apical absorption, loss of microvilli, aberrant junctions, and losses in transcellular ion transport pathways, likely leading to the MVID clinical phenotype of neonatal secretory diarrhea.
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42
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Miyashita A, Hatsuta H, Kikuchi M, Nakaya A, Saito Y, Tsukie T, Hara N, Ogishima S, Kitamura N, Akazawa K, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Murayama S, Ihara Y, Ikeuchi T, Kuwano R. Genes associated with the progression of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e396. [PMID: 26126179 PMCID: PMC4080317 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spreading of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), intraneuronal aggregates of highly phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, across the human brain is correlated with the cognitive severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify genes relevant to NFT expansion defined by the Braak stage, we conducted whole-genome exon array analysis with an exploratory sample set consisting of 213 human post-mortem brain tissue specimens from the entorinal, temporal and frontal cortices of 71 brain-donor subjects: Braak NFT stages 0 (N=13), I-II (N=20), III-IV (N=19) and V-VI (N=19). We identified eight genes, RELN, PTGS2, MYO5C, TRIL, DCHS2, GRB14, NPAS4 and PHYHD1, associated with the Braak stage. The expression levels of three genes, PHYHD1, MYO5C and GRB14, exhibited reproducible association on real-time quantitative PCR analysis. In another sample set, including control subjects (N=30), and in patients with late-onset AD (N=37), dementia with Lewy bodies (N=17) and Parkinson disease (N=36), the expression levels of two genes, PHYHD1 and MYO5C, were obviously associated with late-onset AD. Protein-protein interaction network analysis with a public database revealed that PHYHD1 interacts with MYO5C via POT1, and PHYHD1 directly interacts with amyloid beta-peptide 42. It is thus likely that functional failure of PHYHD1 and MYO5C could lead to AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. E-mails: or
| | - H Hatsuta
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kikuchi
- Research Association for Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Nakaya
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Tsukie
- Research Association for Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Ogishima
- Department of Health Record Informatics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - N Kitamura
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - A Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ihara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - R Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bioresource Science Branch, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. E-mails: or
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Coupling of two non-processive myosin 5c dimers enables processive stepping along actin filaments. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4907. [PMID: 24809456 PMCID: PMC4014986 DOI: 10.1038/srep04907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin 5c (Myo5c) is a low duty ratio, non-processive motor unable to move continuously along actin filaments though it is believed to participate in secretory vesicle trafficking in vertebrate cells. Here, we measured the ATPase kinetics of Myo5c dimers and tested the possibility that the coupling of two Myo5c molecules enables processive movement. Steady-state ATPase activity and ADP dissociation kinetics demonstrated that a dimer of Myo5c-HMM (double-headed heavy meromyosin 5c) has a 6-fold lower Km for actin filaments than Myo5c-S1 (single-headed myosin 5c subfragment-1), indicating that the two heads of Myo5c-HMM increase F-actin-binding affinity. Nanometer-precision tracking analyses showed that two Myo5c-HMM dimers linked with each other via a DNA scaffold and moved processively along actin filaments. Moreover, the distance between the Myo5c molecules on the DNA scaffold is an important factor for the processive movement. Individual Myo5c molecules in two-dimer complexes move stochastically in 30-36 nm steps. These results demonstrate that two dimers of Myo5c molecules on a DNA scaffold increased the probability of rebinding to F-actin and enabled processive steps along actin filaments, which could be used for collective cargo transport in cells.
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Rab8 binding to immune cell-specific adaptor LAX facilitates formation of trans-Golgi network-proximal CTLA-4 vesicles for surface expression. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1486-99. [PMID: 24515439 PMCID: PMC3993577 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01331-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite playing a central role in tolerance, little is known regarding the mechanism by which intracellular CTLA-4 is shuttled from the trans-Golgi network to the surfaces of T cells. In this context, Ras-related GTPase Rab8 plays an important role in the intracellular transport, while we have previously shown that CTLA-4 binds to the immune cell adaptor TRIM in T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CTLA-4 forms a multimeric complex comprised of TRIM and related LAX that in turn binds to GTP bound Rab8 for post-Golgi transport to the cell surface. LAX bound via its N terminus to active GTP-Rab8, as well as the cytoplasmic tail of CTLA-4. TRIM required LAX for binding to Rab8 in a complex. Wild-type LAX or its N terminus (residues 1 to 77) increased CTLA-4 surface expression, whereas small interfering RNAs of Rab8 or LAX or disruption of LAX/Rab8 binding reduced numbers of CTLA-4-containing vesicles and its coreceptor surface expression. LAX also promoted the polarization of CTLA-4 and the reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center to the site of T-cell receptor engagement. Our results identify a novel CTLA-4/TRIM/LAX/Rab8 effector complex in the transport of CTLA-4 to the surfaces of T cells.
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Sun Y, Chiu TT, Foley KP, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Myosin Va mediates Rab8A-regulated GLUT4 vesicle exocytosis in insulin-stimulated muscle cells. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1159-70. [PMID: 24478457 PMCID: PMC3967978 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab-GTPases are important molecular switches regulating intracellular vesicle traffic, and we recently showed that Rab8A and Rab13 are activated by insulin in muscle to mobilize GLUT4-containing vesicles to the muscle cell surface. Here we show that the unconventional motor protein myosin Va (MyoVa) is an effector of Rab8A in this process. In CHO-IR cell lysates, a glutathione S-transferase chimera of the cargo-binding COOH tail (CT) of MyoVa binds Rab8A and the related Rab10, but not Rab13. Binding to Rab8A is stimulated by insulin in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner, whereas Rab10 binding is insulin insensitive. MyoVa-CT preferentially binds GTP-locked Rab8A. Full-length green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MyoVa colocalizes with mCherry-Rab8A in perinuclear small puncta, whereas GFP-MyoVa-CT collapses the GTPase into enlarged perinuclear depots. Further, GFP-MyoVa-CT blocks insulin-stimulated translocation of exofacially myc-tagged GLUT4 to the surface of muscle cells. Mutation of amino acids in MyoVa-CT predicted to bind Rab8A abrogates both interaction with Rab8A (not Rab10) and inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4myc translocation. Of importance, small interfering RNA-mediated MyoVa silencing reduces insulin-stimulated GLUT4myc translocation. Rab8A colocalizes with GLUT4 in perinuclear but not submembrane regions visualized by confocal total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Hence insulin signaling to the molecular switch Rab8A connects with the motor protein MyoVa to mobilize GLUT4 vesicles toward the muscle cell plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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46
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Myosin Vb controls biogenesis of post-Golgi Rab10 carriers during axon development. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2005. [PMID: 23770993 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized membrane addition is crucial for axon development and elongation during neuronal morphogenesis. This process is believed to be regulated by directed membrane trafficking of Rab10-containing post-Golgi carriers. However, the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of these carriers remain unclear. Here, we report that Rab10 interaction with myosin Vb (MYO5B) determines the formation of Rab10 carriers and is important for axon development. Rab10 interacts with the exon D-encoded domain of MYO5B. Downregulating the expression of MYO5B (+D) or blocking its interaction with Rab10 impairs the fission of Rab10 vesicles from trans-Golgi membranes, causes a decrease in the number of Rab10 transport carriers and inhibits axon development in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the MYO5B-Rab10 system is required for axon development of vertebrate neocortical neurons or zebrafish retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Thus, specific interaction between Rab10 and MYO5B controls the formation of Rab10 vesicles, which is required for axon development.
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Velvarska H, Niessing D. Structural insights into the globular tails of the human type v myosins Myo5a, Myo5b, And Myo5c. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82065. [PMID: 24339992 PMCID: PMC3858360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate type V myosins (MyoV) Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c mediate transport of several different cargoes. All MyoV paralogs bind to cargo complexes mainly by their C-terminal globular domains. In absence of cargo, the globular domain of Myo5a inhibits its motor domain. Here, we report low-resolution SAXS models for the globular domains from human Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c, which suggest very similar overall shapes of all three paralogs. We determined the crystal structures of globular domains from Myo5a and Myo5b, and provide a homology model for human Myo5c. When we docked the Myo5a crystal structure into a previously published electron microscopy density of the autoinhibited full-length Myo5a, only one domain orientation resulted in a good fit. This structural arrangement suggests the participation of additional region of the globular domain in autoinhibition. Quantification of the interaction of the Myo5a globular domain with its motor complex revealed a tight binding with dissociation half-life in the order of minutes, suggesting a rather slow transition between the active and inactive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Velvarska
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology; Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Nascimento AFZ, Trindade DM, Tonoli CCC, de Giuseppe PO, Assis LHP, Honorato RV, de Oliveira PSL, Mahajan P, Burgess-Brown NA, von Delft F, Larson RE, Murakami MT. Structural insights into functional overlapping and differentiation among myosin V motors. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:34131-34145. [PMID: 24097982 PMCID: PMC3837155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin V (MyoV) motors have been implicated in the intracellular transport of diverse cargoes including vesicles, organelles, RNA-protein complexes, and regulatory proteins. Here, we have solved the cargo-binding domain (CBD) structures of the three human MyoV paralogs (Va, Vb, and Vc), revealing subtle structural changes that drive functional differentiation and a novel redox mechanism controlling the CBD dimerization process, which is unique for the MyoVc subclass. Moreover, the cargo- and motor-binding sites were structurally assigned, indicating the conservation of residues involved in the recognition of adaptors for peroxisome transport and providing high resolution insights into motor domain inhibition by CBD. These results contribute to understanding the structural requirements for cargo transport, autoinhibition, and regulatory mechanisms in myosin V motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Trindade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Celisa C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Priscila O de Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Leandro H P Assis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo S L de Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Pravin Mahajan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank von Delft
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Roy E Larson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, Brazil.
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Thoeni CE, Vogel GF, Tancevski I, Geley S, Lechner S, Pfaller K, Hess MW, Müller T, Janecke AR, Avitzur Y, Muise A, Cutz E, Huber LA. Microvillus inclusion disease: loss of Myosin vb disrupts intracellular traffic and cell polarity. Traffic 2013; 15:22-42. [PMID: 24138727 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital enteropathy characterized by loss of apical microvilli and formation of cytoplasmic inclusions lined by microvilli in enterocytes. MVID is caused by mutations in the MYO5B gene, coding for the myosin Vb motor protein. Although myosin Vb is implicated in the organization of intracellular transport and cell surface polarity in epithelial cells, its precise role in the pathogenesis of MVID is unknown. We performed correlative immunohistochemistry analyses of sections from duodenal biopsies of a MVID patient, compound heterozygous for two novel MYO5B mutations, predicting loss of function of myosin Vb in duodenal enterocytes together with a stable MYO5B CaCo2 RNAi cell system. Our findings show that myosin Vb-deficient enterocytes display disruption of cell polarity as reflected by mislocalized apical and basolateral transporter proteins, altered distribution of certain endosomal/lysosomal constituents including Rab GTPases. Together, this severe disturbance of epithelial cell function could shed light on the pathology and symptoms of MVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia E Thoeni
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter Innsbruck, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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van der Velde KJ, Dhekne HS, Swertz MA, Sirigu S, Ropars V, Vinke PC, Rengaw T, van den Akker PC, Rings EHHM, Houdusse A, van Ijzendoorn SCD. An overview and online registry of microvillus inclusion disease patients and their MYO5B mutations. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1597-605. [PMID: 24014347 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is one of the most severe congenital intestinal disorders and is characterized by neonatal secretory diarrhea and the inability to absorb nutrients from the intestinal lumen. MVID is associated with patient-, family-, and ancestry-unique mutations in the MYO5B gene, encoding the actin-based motor protein myosin Vb. Here, we review the MYO5B gene and all currently known MYO5B mutations and for the first time methodologically categorize these with regard to functional protein domains and recurrence in MYO7A associated with Usher syndrome and other myosins. We also review animal models for MVID and the latest data on functional studies related to the myosin Vb protein. To congregate existing and future information on MVID geno-/phenotypes and facilitate its quick and easy sharing among clinicians and researchers, we have constructed an online MOLGENIS-based international patient registry (www.MVID-central.org). This easily accessible database currently contains detailed information of 137 MVID patients together with reported clinical/phenotypic details and 41 unique MYO5B mutations, of which several unpublished. The future expansion and prospective nature of this registry is expected to improve disease diagnosis, prognosis, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Joeri van der Velde
- Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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