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Meng XY, Wang KJ, Ye SZ, Chen JF, Chen ZY, Zhang ZY, Yin WQ, Jia XL, Li Y, Yu R, Ma Q. Sinularin stabilizes FOXO3 protein to trigger prostate cancer cell intrinsic apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116011. [PMID: 38154548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Sinularin, a natural product that purified from soft coral, exhibits anti-tumor effects against various human cancers. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Sinularin inhibited the viability of human prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and displayed significant cytotoxicity only at high concentration against normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-1. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that Sinularin induced tumor cell apoptosis. Further investigations revealed that Sinularin exerted anti-tumor activity through intrinsic apoptotic pathway along with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and PUMA, inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, mitochondrial membrane potential collapses, and release of mitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, we illustrated that Sinularin induced cell apoptosis via up-regulating PUMA through inhibition of FOXO3 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To explore how Sinularin suppress FOXO3 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, we tested two important protein kinases AKT and ERK that regulate FOXO3 stabilization. The results revealed that Sinularin stabilized and up-regulated FOXO3 via inhibition of AKT- and ERK1/2-mediated FOXO3 phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Our findings illustrated the potential mechanisms by which Sinularin induced cell apoptosis and Sinularin may be applied as a therapeutic agent for human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Meng
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Jie Wang
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sha-Zhou Ye
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Chen
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Chen
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuo-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Qi Yin
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Jia
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, #818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qi Ma
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, the Key Laboratory of Ningbo City, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Comprehensive Genitourinary Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, #59 Liuting Street, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China; Yi-Huan Genitourinary Cancer Group, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Waguia Kontchou C, Häcker G. Role of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during bacterial infection. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 374:83-127. [PMID: 36858657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the initial 'powerhouse' view, mitochondria have numerous functions in their mammalian cell and contribute to many physiological processes, and many of these we understand only partially. The control of apoptosis by mitochondria is firmly established. Many questions remain however how this function is embedded into physiology, and how other signaling pathways regulate mitochondrial apoptosis; the interplay of bacteria with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is one such example. The outer mitochondrial membrane regulates both import into mitochondria and the release of intermembrane, and in some situations also matrix components from mitochondria, and these mitochondrial components can have signaling function in the cytosol. One function is the induction of apoptotic cell death. An exciting, more recently discovered function is the regulation of inflammation. Mitochondrial molecules, both proteins and nucleic acids, have inflammatory activity when released from mitochondria, an activity whose regulation is intertwined with the activation of apoptotic caspases. Bacterial infection can have more general effects on mitochondrial apoptosis-regulation, through effects on host transcription and other pathways, such as signals controlled by pattern recognition. Some specialized bacteria have products that more specifically regulate signaling to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and to apoptosis; both pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms have been reported. Among the intriguing recent findings in this area are signaling contributions of porins and the sub-lethal release of intermembrane constituents. We will here review the literature and place the new developments into the established context of mitochondrial signaling during the contact of bacterial pathogens with human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins Waguia Kontchou
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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3
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Ikegawa Y, Combet C, Groussin M, Navratil V, Safar-Remali S, Shiota T, Aouacheria A, Yoo SK. Evidence for existence of an apoptosis-inducing BH3-only protein, sayonara, in Drosophila. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110454. [PMID: 36727601 PMCID: PMC10107002 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells need to sense stresses to initiate the execution of the dormant cell death program. Since the discovery of the first BH3-only protein Bad, BH3-only proteins have been recognized as indispensable stress sensors that induce apoptosis. BH3-only proteins have so far not been identified in Drosophila despite their importance in other organisms. Here, we identify the first Drosophila BH3-only protein and name it sayonara. Sayonara induces apoptosis in a BH3 motif-dependent manner and interacts genetically and biochemically with the BCL-2 homologous proteins, Buffy and Debcl. There is a positive feedback loop between Sayonara-mediated caspase activation and autophagy. The BH3 motif of sayonara phylogenetically appeared at the time of the ancestral gene duplication that led to the formation of Buffy and Debcl in the dipteran lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a bona fide BH3-only protein in Drosophila, thus providing a unique example of how cell death mechanisms can evolve both through time and across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christophe Combet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Groussin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vincent Navratil
- PRABI, Rhône-Alpes Bioinformatics Center, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,UMS 3601, Institut Français de Bioinformatique, IFB-Core, Évry, France
| | - Sabrina Safar-Remali
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Takuya Shiota
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan.,Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
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Hodoň J, Frydrych I, Trhlíková Z, Pokorný J, Borková L, Benická S, Vlk M, Lišková B, Kubíčková A, Medvedíková M, Pisár M, Šarek J, Das V, Ligasová A, Koberna K, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Urban M. Triterpenoid pyrazines and pyridines - Synthesis, cytotoxicity, mechanism of action, preparation of prodrugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114777. [PMID: 36174412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of fifteen triterpenoid pyrazines and pyridines was prepared from parent triterpenoid 3-oxoderivatives (betulonic acid, dihydrobetulonic acid, oleanonic acid, moronic acid, ursonic acid, heterobetulonic acid, and allobetulone). Cytotoxicity of all compounds was tested in eight cancer and two non-cancer cell lines. Evaluation of the structure-activity relationships revealed that the triterpenoid core determined whether the final molecule is active or not, while the heterocycle is able to increase the activity and modulate the specificity. Five compounds (1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, and 8) were found to be preferentially and highly cytotoxic (IC50 ≈ 1 μM) against leukemic cancer cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562, CEM-DNR, or K562-TAX). Surprisingly, compounds 1c, 2b, and 2c are 10-fold more active in multidrug-resistant leukemia cells (CEM-DNR and K562-TAX) than in their non-resistant analogs (CCRF-CEM and K562). Pharmacological parameters were measured for the most promising candidates and two types of prodrugs were synthesized: 1) Sugar-containing conjugates, most of which had improved cell penetration and retained high cytotoxicity in the CCRF-CEM cell line, unfortunately, they lost the selectivity against resistant cells. 2) Medoxomil derivatives, among which compounds 26-28 gained activities of IC50 0.026-0.043 μM against K562 cells. Compounds 1b, 8, 21, 22, 23, and 24 were selected for the evaluation of the mechanism of action based on their highest cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cell line. Several experiments showed that the majority of them cause apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Compounds 1b, 8, and 21 inhibit growth and disintegrate spheroid cultures of HCT116 and HeLa cells, which would be important for the treatment of solid tumors. In summary, compounds 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c, 24, and 26-28 are highly and selectively cytotoxic against cancer cell lines and were selected for future in vivo tests and further development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Hodoň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frydrych
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Trhlíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pokorný
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Borková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Benická
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vlk
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 115 19, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agáta Kubíčková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pisár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šarek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Ligasová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Koberna
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Urban
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 1333/5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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5
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Qi X, Che X, Li Q, Wang Q, Wu G. Potential Application of Pyroptosis in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918647. [PMID: 35795559 PMCID: PMC9252305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a type of cancer with an increasing rate of morbidity and mortality and is a serious threat to human health. The treatment of RCC, especially kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), has always been the focus of clinical treatment. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database as a starting point, we explored the feasibility of applying the pyroptosis mechanism to KIRC treatment by searching for cancer markers associated with pyroptosis and cancer treatment signatures. The obtained samples were clustered using unsupervised clustering analysis to define the different KIRC subtypes with different pyroptosis expression levels. Based on this, a gene expression analysis was performed to explore the carcinogenic mechanism that is markedly related to pyroptosis. The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm were used to analyze the different treatment methods of the current prominent KIRC to determine whether pyroptosis plays a role. Finally, LASSO regression was used to screen for related genes and construct a model to predict patient prognosis. The expression levels of GSDME, CASP3, CASP4, CASP5, CHMP3, and CHMP4C were incorporated into the model construction. After verification, the prediction accuracy of the 3-, 5-, 7- and 10 years survival rates of our prognostic model were 0.66, 0.701, 0.719, and 0.728, respectively. Through the above analysis, we demonstrated the feasibility of pyroptosis in the clinical treatment of KIRC and provided novel ideas and suggestions for the clinical treatment of KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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Qi X, Li Q, Che X, Wang Q, Wu G. Application of Regulatory Cell Death in Cancer: Based on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837293. [PMID: 35359956 PMCID: PMC8960167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer treatment methods is constantly changing. For common cancers, our treatment methods are still based on conventional treatment methods, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Nevertheless, the emergence of tumor resistance has a negative impact on treatment. Regulated cell death is a gene-regulated mode of programmed cell death. After receiving specific signal transduction, cells change their physical and chemical properties and the extracellular microenvironment, resulting in structural destruction and decomposition. As research accumulates, we now know that by precisely inducing specific cell death patterns, we can treat cancer with less collateral damage than other treatments. Many newly discovered types of RCD are thought to be useful for cancer treatment. However, some experimental results suggest that some RCDs are not sensitive to cancer cell death, and some may even promote cancer progression. This review summarizes the discovered types of RCDs, reviews their clinical efficacy in cancer treatment, explores their anticancer mechanisms, and discusses the feasibility of some newly discovered RCDs for cancer treatment in combination with the immune and tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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7
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Martens MD, Karch J, Gordon JW. The molecular mosaic of regulated cell death in the cardiovascular system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166297. [PMID: 34718119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is now understood to be a highly regulated process that contributes to normal development and tissue homeostasis, alongside its role in the etiology of various pathological conditions. Through detailed molecular analysis, we have come to know that all cells do not always die in the same way, and that there are at least 7 processes involved, including: apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and autophagy-mediated cell death. These processes act as pieces in the mosaic of cardiomyocyte cell death, which come together depending on context and stimulus. This review details each individual process, as well as highlights how they come together to produce various cardiac pathologies. By knowing how the pieces go together we can aim towards the development of efficacious therapeutics, which will enable us to prevent cardiomyocyte loss in the face of stress, both reducing mortality and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martens
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Canada.
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Guan C, Luan L, Li J, Yang L. MiR-212-3p improves rat functional recovery and inhibits neurocyte apoptosis in spinal cord injury models via PTEN downregulation-mediated activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147576. [PMID: 34216580 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple cellular and molecular changes are involved in the etiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the recovery from SCI. Accumulating studies showed aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) after SCI. Here, we established in vivo and in vitro models to analyze the role of miR-212-3p in SCI. METHODS An in vivo model of SCI was established in Sprague-Dawley rats. SCI-induced histopathological changes of the spinal cord were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Functional recovery of rats with SCI was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-and-Bresnahan scale. PC12 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish SCI model of neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the potential target of miR-212-3p predicted by TargetScan 7.2. MTT assay and flow cytometry were carried out to measure the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cell, respectively. The expressions of miR-212-3p, PTEN, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR, mTOR, Cleaved caspase-3 and BCl-2 in spinal cord tissues and PC12 cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR or Western blot. RESULTS In the spinal cord of rats with SCI, the expressions of miR-212-3p, p-AKT, p-mTOR and BCl-2 were downregulated, whereas those of PTEN and Cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated. BBB scores were low, and there were histopathological changes, which were all reversed after the injection of agomiR-212-3p. MiR-212-3p directly targeted PTEN. Upregulated miR-212-3p in LPS-injured PC12 cells suppressed apoptosis, downregulated the expressions of PTEN and Cleaved caspase-3, promoted viability and upregulated the expressions of p-AKT, p-mTOR and BCl-2, which were all reversed by overexpressed PTEN. CONCLUSION MiR-212-3p improved functional recovery of SCI rats and inhibited LPS-induced neurocyte apoptosis by targeting PTEN to activate AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjin Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Liyi Luan
- Department of Orthopedic, The People's Hospital of Gaotang, China
| | - Ji Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medical, Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, China.
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9
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Handschuh L, Wojciechowski P, Kazmierczak M, Lewandowski K. Transcript-Level Dysregulation of BCL2 Family Genes in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133175. [PMID: 34202143 PMCID: PMC8267690 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of apoptosis-related BCL2 family genes, fine-tuned in normal cells, is dysregulated in many neoplasms. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), this problem has not been studied comprehensively. To address this issue, RNA-seq data were used to analyze the expression of 26 BCL2 family members in 27 AML FAB M1 and M2 patients, divided into subgroups differently responding to chemotherapy. A correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were applied to associate the expression of particular genes with other gene expression, clinical features, and the presence of mutations detected by exome sequencing. The expression of BCL2 family genes was dysregulated in AML, as compared to healthy controls. An upregulation of anti-apoptotic and downregulation of pro-apoptotic genes was observed, though only a decrease in BMF, BNIP1, and HRK was statistically significant. In a group of patients resistant to chemotherapy, overexpression of BCL2L1 was manifested. In agreement with the literature data, our results reveal that BCL2L1 is one of the key players in apoptosis regulation in different types of tumors. An exome sequencing data analysis indicates that BCL2 family genes are not mutated in AML, but their expression is correlated with the mutational status of other genes, including those recurrently mutated in AML and splicing-related. High levels of some BCL2 family members, in particular BIK and BCL2L13, were associated with poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Handschuh
- Laboratory of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-528-503
| | - Pawel Wojciechowski
- Laboratory of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kazmierczak
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (K.L.)
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10
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Danese A, Leo S, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Fiorica F, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Cell death as a result of calcium signaling modulation: A cancer-centric prospective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119061. [PMID: 33991539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and the complex regulatory system governed by Ca2+ signaling have been described to be of crucial importance in numerous aspects related to cell life and death decisions, especially in recent years. The growing attention given to this second messenger is justified by the pleiotropic nature of Ca2+-binding proteins and transporters and their consequent involvement in cell fate decisions. A growing number of works highlight that deregulation of Ca2+ signaling and homoeostasis is often deleterious and drives pathological conditions; in particular, a disruption of the main Ca2+-mediated death mechanisms may lead to uncontrolled cell growth that results in cancer. In this work, we review the latest useful evidence to better understand the complex network of pathways by which Ca2+ regulates cell life and death decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Leo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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11
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Al-Aamri HM, Irving HR, Bradley C, Meehan-Andrews T. Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis responses in leukaemia cells following daunorubicin treatment. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:438. [PMID: 33879127 PMCID: PMC8059319 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daunorubicin is used clinically in the treatment of myeloma, acute lymphatic and myelocytic leukaemia. The toxic lesions caused by daunorubicin induce various modes of cell death, including apoptosis. Apoptosis is highly regulated programmed cell death that can be initiated mainly via two pathways, through death receptors (extrinsic) or involvement of the mitochondria (intrinsic). Induction of apoptosis via these pathways has been alluded following treatment with daunorubicin, but never compared in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia over a time course. METHODS This study investigated the mechanisms of daunorubicin induced apoptosis in the treatment of CCRF-CEM, MOLT-4 (acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and SUP-B15 (acute B-lymphoblastic leukaemia) cells. Cells were treated with daunorubicin for 4 h, and then placed in recovery medium (without daunorubicin) for 4 h, 12 h and 24 h. Apoptotic response was analysing using annexin-V expression, caspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential change and an array to detect 43 apoptotic proteins. RESULTS Daunorubicin induced apoptosis in all leukemic cell lines, but with different levels and duration of response. Both apoptosis levels and caspase activity increased after four hours recovery then declined in CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4 cells. However, SUP-B15 cells displayed initially comparable levels but remained elevated over the 24 h assessment period. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in both MOLT-4 and CCRF-CEM cells but not in SUP-B15 cells. Expression of apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3 and FADD, indicated that daunorubicin potentially induced both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis in both CCRF-CEM and MOLT-4 cells, but only extrinsic apoptosis in SUP-B15 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study describes variations in sensitivities and timing of apoptotic responses in different leukaemia cell lines. These differences could be attributed to the lack of functional p53 in coordinating the cells response following cytotoxic treatment with daunorubicin, which appears to delay apoptosis and utilises alternative signalling mechanisms that need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Mubarak Al-Aamri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.,Oman College of Health Sciences, PO Box 293, 620, Ruwi, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Helen R Irving
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
| | - Christopher Bradley
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia
| | - Terri Meehan-Andrews
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, P.O. Box 199, Bendigo, VIC, 3552, Australia.
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12
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Roshani Asl E, Rasmi Y, Baradaran B. MicroRNA-124-3p suppresses PD-L1 expression and inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells via modulating STAT3 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7071-7087. [PMID: 33821473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a significant role in colorectal tumorigenesis through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of antitumor immunity. Furthermore, microRNAs (miRNAs) as the posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression show considerable promise as a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Considering this, in vitro effects of miRNA-124 (miR-124-3p) on CRC cell tumorigenesis and Tregs differentiation via targeting PD-L1 were investigated in the current study. Functional analysis showed that miR-124 is significantly downregulated in CRC tissues as compared with marginal normal samples (p < .0001), and its downregulation was negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression. Moreover, a specific region in PD-L1 3'-untranslated region was predicted as the miR-124 target and validated using the luciferase assay. Further investigation showed that transfection of HT29 and SW480 cells with miR-124 mimics significantly reduced PD-L1 mRNA, protein, and cell surface expression, and inhibited Tregs in coculture models via modulating interleukin [IL]-10, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor beta, and interferon gamma expression levels. Besides, miR-124 overexpression decreased CRC cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase through downregulation of c-Myc and induced apoptosis in CRC cells via upregulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Also, miR-124 exogenous overexpression could reduce colony and spheroid formation ability of CRC cells via downregulating CD44 mRNA expression. miR-124 also diminished MMP-9 expression and subsequently suppressed cell migration and invasion. We also illustrated that STAT3 signaling was repressed by miR-124 in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings imply that considering the involvement of miR-124 in the regulation of PD-L1 through colorectal tumorigenesis and its remarkable antitumor effects, this miRNA could be regarded as the promising target for the development of therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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Kalimuthu K, Kim JH, Park YS, Luo X, Zhang L, Ku JL, Choudry MHA, Lee YJ. Glucose deprivation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response plays a pivotal role in enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6666-6677. [PMID: 33586156 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the tumor vasculature result in insufficient blood supply and development of a tumor microenvironment that is characterized by low glucose concentrations, low extracellular pH, and low oxygen tensions. We previously reported that glucose-deprived conditions induce metabolic stress and promote tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cytotoxicity. In this study, we examined whether the metabolic stress-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathway plays a pivotal role in the enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity. We observed no significant cytotoxicity when human colorectal cancer SW48 cells were treated with various doses of TRAIL (2-100 ng/ml) for 4 h or glucose (0-25 mM) for 24 h. However, a combination of TRAIL and low glucose-induced dose-dependent apoptosis through activation of caspases (-8, -9, and -3). Studies with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), or death receptor 5 (DR5)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts or HCT116 cells suggest that the ATF4-CHOP-PUMA axis and the ATF4-CHOP-DR5 axis are involved in the combined treatment-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the combined treatment-induced apoptosis was completely suppressed in BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid)- or Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax)-deficient HCT116 cells, but not Bak-deficient HCT116 cells. Interestingly, the combined treatment-induced Bax oligomerization was suppressed in PUMA-deficient HCT116 cells. These results suggest that glucose deprivation enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by integrating the ATF4-CHOP-PUMA axis and the ATF4-CHOP-DR5 axis, consequently amplifying the Bid-Bax-associated mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalishwaralal Kalimuthu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jin Hong Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yong Seok Park
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Haroon A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Upadhyay P, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattacharya S, Ahir M, Adhikary A, Patra P. Silymarin-Loaded, Lactobionic Acid-Conjugated Porous PLGA Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis in Liver Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7178-7192. [PMID: 35019376 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HepG2 cells (HCC), characterized by epithelial-like morphology, high proliferation rates, and nontumorigenicity, require cost-effective and efficient treatment. Silymarin, a flavonoid extract of Silybum marianum, is effective in the treatment of HCC. Here, we have reported a comparative anticancer study of the well-characterized nanoformulations of lactobionic acid-adorned porous PLGA-encapsulated silymarin (LA-PLGA-Sil) with only porous PLGA-encapsulated silymarin (PLGA-Sil) against HepG2 cells. Treatment of HepG2 cells with LA-PLGA-Sil produced a significant deterioration in cell viability at an essentially low dose as compared with PLGA-Sil, due to the adorned lactobionic acid moiety, which results in better targeting. p53, a tumor suppressor gene, essentially initiates apoptosis in cells procuring wild-type p53 (p53 +/+). In our report, treatment of HepG2 cells (p53 +/+) with LA-PLGA-Sil activated p53, which in turn inhibited the proliferation of cells by instigating cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and simultaneously stabilized the nuclear translocation of NFκB-p65. To explore the effect of LA-PLGA-Sil on the expression of microRNA, we observed that LA-PLGA-Sil markedly upregulated the miR-29b in human HCC cells. Reactivation of the p53 gene by miR-29b targeted Bcl-2 and triggered the sequential activation of mediators such as proapoptotic Bax protein, release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase proteins (caspase-3 and caspase-9). Furthermore, the overexpression of NFκB-p65 in HepG2 cells reversed the repression, and this stabilization effect of LA-PLGA-Sil on the nuclear translocation of p65 led to the significant downregulation of miR-29b and successively decreased the p53 expression in LA-PLGA-Sil-treated cells, thereby providing a survival mechanism to HepG2. In entirety, our study demonstrated the extensive potential of LA-PLGA-Sil to instigate the cell death of HepG2 cells via apoptosis by targeting the miR-29b/p53 axis through the stabilization of NFκB. It also impaired the migratory activity of HepG2 cells and thereby furnished a comprehensive way to HCC therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyay
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Mousumi Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technology Campus, University of Calcutta, JD2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Prasun Patra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Major Arterial Road (South-East), Action Area II, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
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15
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Chakrabarti SS, Sunder VS, Kaur U, Bala S, Sharma P, Kiran M, Rawal RK, Chakrabarti S. Identifying the mechanisms of α-synuclein-mediated cytotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease: new insights from a bioinformatics-based approach. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim: A large body of evidence has implicated the cytotoxicity of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We planned to use a bioinformatics-based approach to gain further insight into this process. Materials & methods: Using STRING version 10, we identified interacting proteins of α-synuclein. Using α-synuclein and one of these interactors involved in apoptosis as query proteins, we identified other linked proteins. We further analyzed the interactions between some of these proteins by Protein–Protein Docking using ClusPro. Results: We identified BAX as an interacting protein of α-synuclein. Interactions of α-synuclein and BAX as well as BAX and BCL2L1 were determined. Conclusion: The interaction of α-synuclein and BAX could play a crucial role in the cell death process of PD where apoptosis and mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis may coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha S Chakrabarti
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Venkatadri S Sunder
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Upinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, UP, India
| | - Sapna Bala
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry & Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Manjari Kiran
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry & Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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16
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Patel H, Sheikh MS, Huang Y. ECRG2, a novel transcriptional target of p53, modulates cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:543. [PMID: 32681017 PMCID: PMC7367829 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal Cancer-Related Gene 2 (ECRG2) is a recently identified tumor suppressor, its regulation and involvement in DNA damage response are unknown. Here, we show that DNA damage-induced ECRG2 upregulation coincided with p53 activation and occurred in a p53-dependent manner. We identified two p53-binding sites within ECRG2 promoter and found the promoter activity, mRNA, and protein expression to be regulated by p53. We show that DNA damage significantly enhanced p53 binding to ECRG2 promoter at the anticipated p53-binding sites. We identified a novel natural ECRG2 promoter variant harboring a small deletion that exists in the genomes of ~38.5% of world population and showed this variant to be defective in responding to p53 and DNA-damage. ECRG2 overexpression induced cancer cell death; ECRG2 gene disruption enhanced cell survival following anticancer drug treatments even when p53 was induced. We showed that lower expression of ECRG2 in multiple human malignancies correlated with reduced disease-free survival in patients. Collectively, our novel findings indicate that ECRG2 is an important target of p53 during DNA damage-induced response and plays a critical role in influencing cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage-inducing cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - M Saeed Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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17
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Thorburn A. Crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:55-65. [PMID: 32620250 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular recycling process of macroautophagy, which is the mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes via double membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, is intimately connected to programmed cell death pathways, especially apoptosis. In this article, I discuss some underlying mechanisms and their implications for improving cancer therapy and propose that the approaches that have been taken to understand the autophagy-apoptosis connection to enhance cancer drug action can serve as a model for the kinds of information that should be developed to understand how autophagy controls other biological processes as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
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18
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Giordano-Attianese G, Gainza P, Gray-Gaillard E, Cribioli E, Shui S, Kim S, Kwak MJ, Vollers S, Corria Osorio ADJ, Reichenbach P, Bonet J, Oh BH, Irving M, Coukos G, Correia BE. A computationally designed chimeric antigen receptor provides a small-molecule safety switch for T-cell therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:426-432. [PMID: 32015549 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to increase the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells against solid tumors may also increase the risk of toxicity and other side effects. To improve the safety of CAR-T-cell therapy, we computationally designed a chemically disruptable heterodimer (CDH) based on the binding of two human proteins. The CDH self-assembles, can be disrupted by a small-molecule drug and has a high-affinity protein interface with minimal amino acid deviation from wild-type human proteins. We incorporated the CDH into a synthetic heterodimeric CAR, called STOP-CAR, that has an antigen-recognition chain and a CD3ζ- and CD28-containing endodomain signaling chain. We tested STOP-CAR-T cells specific for two antigens in vitro and in vivo and found similar antitumor activity compared to second-generation (2G) CAR-T cells. Timed administration of the small-molecule drug dynamically inactivated the activity of STOP-CAR-T cells. Our work highlights the potential for structure-based design to add controllable elements to synthetic cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Giordano-Attianese
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Gainza
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elise Gray-Gaillard
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cribioli
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sailan Shui
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sabrina Vollers
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angel De Jesus Corria Osorio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reichenbach
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Bonet
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Byung-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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The Role of the BCL-2 Family of Proteins in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:33/1/e00107-19. [PMID: 31666279 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00107-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in HIV-1 therapy have transformed the once fatal infection into a manageable, chronic condition, yet the search for a widely applicable approach to cure remains elusive. The ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing the size of the HIV-1 latent reservoir has prompted investigation into the mechanisms of HIV-1 latency and immune escape. One of the major regulators of apoptosis, the BCL-2 protein, alongside its homologous family members, is a major target of HIV-1-induced change. Recent studies have now demonstrated the association of this protein with cells that support proviral forms in the setting of latency and have helped identify BCL-2 as a novel and promising therapeutic target for HIV-1 therapy directed at possible cure. This review aims to systematically review the interactions of HIV-1 with BCL-2 and its homologs and to examine the possibility of using BCL-2 inhibitors in the study and elimination of the latent reservoir.
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20
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Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review Investigating miRNA Families Involved. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081841. [PMID: 31013946 PMCID: PMC6515063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. The primary mechanism is related to the initial traumatic damage caused by the damaging impact and this damage is irreversible. Secondary mechanisms, which begin as early as a few minutes after the initial trauma, include processes such as spinal cord ischemia, cellular excitotoxicity, ionic dysregulation, and free radical-mediated peroxidation. SCI is featured by different forms of injury, investigating the pathology and degree of clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies, the animal models that have allowed us to better understand this entity and, finally, the role of new diagnostic and prognostic tools such as miRNA could improve our ability to manage this pathological entity. Autopsy could benefit from improvements in miRNA research: the specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs could help physicians in determining the cause of death, besides the time of death.
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21
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HCRP-1 regulates EGFR-AKT-BIM-mediated anoikis resistance and serves as a prognostic marker in human colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1176. [PMID: 30518879 PMCID: PMC6281589 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma-related protein-1 (HCRP-1), a subunit of mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport-I (ESCRT-I), is frequently downregulated in various kinds of malignant tumors. The role of HCRP-1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We investigate the clinical value of HCRP-1 and its impact on anoikis in CRC. The negative expression of HCRP-1 was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.033), PT status (P = 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.039), and histological grade (P = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that HCRP-1 was an independent prognostic factor for CRC (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.237, P < 0.001 for 5-year overall survival). In the in vitro assay, we found that HCRP-1 depletion resulted in cell anoikis resistance. Knockdown of HCRP-1 suppressed Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression, with phosphorylation of AKT and p-FoxO3a, which was reversed by AKT siRNA or AKT inhibitor. Further analysis showed that loss of HCRP-1 obviously increased the activation of EGFR. Inhibition of EGFR blocked si-HCRP1-mediated phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT, FoxO3a, and BIM expression. Moreover, the in vivo results revealed that loss of HCRP-1 promoted cancer metastasis. Our findings implied that reduced HCRP-1 expression in CRC resulted in anoikis resistance and contributed to CRC metastasis and poor prognosis. These data may help design effective therapy targeting HCRP-1 pathway to control colon cancer growth and metastasis.
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22
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Tichý A. Apoptotic Machinery: The Bcl-2 Family Proteins in the Role of Inspectors and Superintendents. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2018. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, apoptosis, plays an integral role in a variety of biological events, e.g. morphogenesis, removal of unwanted or harmful cells, tissue homeostasis etc. Members of the Bcl-2 family have been described as the key players in the regulation of the apoptotic process. This family consists of proteins that prevent apoptosis (Bcl-2–like) and two structurally distinct subgroups (Bax-like and BH3–only) that on the contrary promote cell death. Majority of their response is concentrated to the mitochondrial level. In this paper, besides reviewing some new information in this field we focused on how they interact among each other and on the way they sense and influence the death signals from the environment. Here, we compare Bcl-2 family to inspectors and superintendents since they supervise the manufacturing process of cell death and they determine whether the cell will die or it will resist and survive.
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Singh PK, Weber A, Häcker G. The established and the predicted roles of dynein light chain in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1037-1047. [PMID: 30019621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1464851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is regulated by the interplay between the members of Bcl-2 family. Within this family, BH3-only proteins are the sensors of apoptotic stimuli and can trigger apoptosis either by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins or by directly activating the effectors Bax and Bak. An expanding body of research suggests that a number of non-Bcl-2 proteins can also interact with Bcl-2 proteins and contribute to the decision of cell fate. Dynein light chain (LC8, DYNLL or DLC), a hub protein and a dimerizing engine has been proposed to regulate the pro-apoptotic activity of two BH3-only proteins, Bim and Bmf. Our recent work has provided insight into the mechanisms through which DLC1 (DYNLL1) modulates Bim activity. Here we discuss the present day understanding of Bim-DLC interaction and endeavor to evaluate this interaction in the light of information from studies of DLC with other binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Singh
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine , Medical Center-University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Arnim Weber
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine , Medical Center-University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- a Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine , Medical Center-University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,b BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
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24
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Zhou L, Wei E, Zhou B, Bi G, Gao L, Zhang T, Huang J, Wei Y, Ge B. Anti-proliferative benefit of curcumol on human bladder cancer cells via inactivating EZH2 effector. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:798-805. [PMID: 29852354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanism of curcumol-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using JC-1 staining. ROS generation of bladder cancer cells was determined using the DCFH staining method. The apoptosis of bladder cancer cells was examined using the Annexin V-FITC and PI double-staining method. Enforced expression of EZH2 in bladder cancer cells was accomplished by transfecting an EZH2 expression plasmidinto EJ and T24 cells. siRNAs targeting EZH2 were used to inhibit endogenous expression of EZH2. Curcumol dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in EJ and T24 bladder cancer cells. These effects correlated with decreased accumulation of EZH2. In addition, suppression of EZH2 enhanced the inhibitory effects of curcumol on cell growth and colony formation and increased curcumol-induced apoptosis. Conversely, enforced expression of EZH2 ameliorated the inhibitory effects of curcumol on cell growth and colony formation and decreased curcumol-induced apoptosis in EJ and T24 cells. We also found that suppression of EZH2 induced ROS generation and MMP loss in both EJ and T24 cells. Conversely, up-regulation of EZH2 suppressed ROS generation and MMP loss. Our data indicate that curcumol inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting EZH2 and modulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, PR China; Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, PR China
| | - Erdong Wei
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, PR China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China
| | - Baotong Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, PR China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China
| | - Gewen Bi
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 537400, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, PR China
| | - Jiefu Huang
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, PR China; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China
| | - Bo Ge
- Department of Urology Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541100, PR China.
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25
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Liu Q, Cao Y, Zhou P, Gui S, Wu X, Xia Y, Tu J. Panduratin A Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Inducing G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:328-334. [PMID: 29301388 PMCID: PMC5933901 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the unsatisfactory treatment options for breast cancer (BC), there is a need to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is chemotherapy using non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Studies have shown that Panduratin A (PA) possesses many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities. In the present study, we provide evidence that PA treatment of MCF-7 BC cells resulted in a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth with an IC50 of 15 μM and no to little effect on normal human MCF-10A breast cells. To define the mechanism of these anti-proliferative effects of PA, we determined its effect critical molecular events known to regulate the cell cycle and apoptotic machinery. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V-FITC staining provided evidence for the induction of apoptosis. PA treatment of BC cells resulted in increased activity/expression of mitochondrial cytochrome C, caspases 7, 8 and 9 with a significant increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, suggesting the involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry showed that PA treatment of cells resulted in G0/G1 arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoblot analysis data revealed that, in MCF-7 cell lines, PA treatment resulted in the dose-dependent (i) induction of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27Kip1, (ii) downregulation of Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and (iii) decrease in cyclin D1. These findings suggest that PA may be an effective therapeutic agent against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Shimin Gui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Jianhong Tu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer Institute, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
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26
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Banta KL, Wang X, Das P, Winoto A. B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) residues essential for Bcl-2's apoptosis-inducing interaction with Nur77/Nor-1 orphan steroid receptors. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4724-4734. [PMID: 29414782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is mediated through the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway. Key regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway are the family of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins. The activity of the prototypical Bcl-2 protein is usually considered antiapoptotic. However, under some conditions, Bcl-2 associates with the orphan nuclear hormone receptors Nur77 and Nor-1, converting Bcl-2 into a proapoptotic molecule. Expression of Nur77 and Nor-1 is induced by a variety of signals, including those leading to apoptosis. Translocation of Nur77/Nor-1 to mitochondria results in their association with Bcl-2, exposing the Bcl-2 homology (BH) 3 domain and causing apoptosis. However, the molecular details of this interaction are incompletely understood. Here, through extensive Bcl-2 mutagenesis and functional assays, we identified residues within Bcl-2 that are essential for its interaction with Nur77/Nor-1. Although an initial report has suggested that an unstructured loop region between the Bcl-2 BH4 and BH3 domains is required for Bcl-2's interaction with Nur77/Nor-1, we found that it is dispensable for this interaction. Instead, we found important interacting residues at the BH4 domain and crucial interacting residues between the BH1 and BH2 domains. Bcl-2 alanine mutants at this region could no longer interact with Nur77/Nor-1 and could not initiate Nur77/Bcl-2-mediated cell death. However, they still retained their anti-apoptotic capability in two different death assays. These results establish crucial residues in Bcl-2 required for Nur77/Nor-1-mediated apoptosis and point to potential new strategies for manipulating Bcl-2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl L Banta
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200
| | - Phani Das
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200
| | - Astar Winoto
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200.
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27
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Strickertsson JAB, Desler C, Rasmussen LJ. Bacterial infection increases risk of carcinogenesis by targeting mitochondria. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:95-100. [PMID: 28754330 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
As up to a fifth of all cancers worldwide, have now been linked to microbial infections, it is essential to understand the carcinogenic nature of the bacterial/host interaction. This paper reviews the bacterial targeting of mediators of mitochondrial genomic fidelity and of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and compares the impact of the bacterial alteration of mitochondrial function to that of cancer. Bacterial virulence factors have been demonstrated to induce mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to modulate DNA repair pathways of the mitochondria. Furthermore, virulence factors can induce or impair the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The effect of bacterial targeting of mitochondria is analogous to behavior of mitochondria in a wide array of tumours, and this strongly suggests that mitochondrial targeting of bacteria is a risk factor for carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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28
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Lan T, Zhao H, Xiang B, Wang J, Liu Y. Suture compression induced midpalatal suture chondrocyte apoptosis with increased caspase-3, caspase-9, Bad, Bak, Bax and Bid expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:179-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Programmed Cell Death During Caenorhabditis elegans Development. Genetics 2017; 203:1533-62. [PMID: 27516615 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.186247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an integral component of Caenorhabditis elegans development. Genetic and reverse genetic studies in C. elegans have led to the identification of many genes and conserved cell death pathways that are important for the specification of which cells should live or die, the activation of the suicide program, and the dismantling and removal of dying cells. Molecular, cell biological, and biochemical studies have revealed the underlying mechanisms that control these three phases of programmed cell death. In particular, the interplay of transcriptional regulatory cascades and networks involving multiple transcriptional regulators is crucial in activating the expression of the key death-inducing gene egl-1 and, in some cases, the ced-3 gene in cells destined to die. A protein interaction cascade involving EGL-1, CED-9, CED-4, and CED-3 results in the activation of the key cell death protease CED-3, which is tightly controlled by multiple positive and negative regulators. The activation of the CED-3 caspase then initiates the cell disassembly process by cleaving and activating or inactivating crucial CED-3 substrates; leading to activation of multiple cell death execution events, including nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial elimination, phosphatidylserine externalization, inactivation of survival signals, and clearance of apoptotic cells. Further studies of programmed cell death in C. elegans will continue to advance our understanding of how programmed cell death is regulated, activated, and executed in general.
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30
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Shi Z, Zhou H, Lu L, Li X, Fu Z, Liu J, Kang Y, Wei Z, Pan B, Liu L, Kong X, Feng S. The roles of microRNAs in spinal cord injury. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:1104-1115. [PMID: 28436759 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1323208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Immuno Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- 221 Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China
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31
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Desouza-Armstrong M, Gunning PW, Stehn JR. Tumor suppressor tropomyosin Tpm2.1 regulates sensitivity to apoptosis beyond anoikis characterized by changes in the levels of intrinsic apoptosis proteins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 74:233-248. [PMID: 28378936 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a polymer system that acts both as a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. Tropomyosins (Tpm) are a family of actin binding proteins that form co-polymers with actin and diversify actin filament function. Previous studies have shown that elevated expression of the tropomyosin isoform Tpm2.1 sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by cell detachment (anoikis) via an unknown mechanism. It is not yet known whether Tpm2.1 or other tropomyosin isoforms regulate sensitivity to apoptosis beyond anoikis. In this study, rat neuroepithelial cells overexpressing specific tropomyosin isoforms (Tpm1.7, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2) were screened for sensitivity to different classes of apoptotic stimuli, including both cytoskeletal and non-cytoskeletal targeting compounds. Results showed that elevated expression of tropomyosins in general inhibited apoptosis sensitivity to different stimuli. However, Tpm2.1 overexpression consistently enhanced sensitivity to anoikis as well as apoptosis induced by the actin targeting drug jasplakinolide (JASP). In contrast the cancer-associated isoform Tpm3.1 inhibited the induction of apoptosis by a range of agents. Treatment of Tpm2.1 overexpressing cells with JASP was accompanied by enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial depolarization, a hallmark of intrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, Tpm2.1 overexpressing cells showed elevated levels of the apoptosis proteins Bak (proapoptotic), Mcl-1 (prosurvival), Bcl-2 (prosurvival) and phosphorylated p53 (Ser392). Finally, JASP treatment of Tpm2.1 cells caused significantly reduced Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and p53 (Ser392) levels relative to control cells. We therefore propose that Tpm2.1 regulates sensitivity to apoptosis beyond the scope of anoikis by modulating the expression of key intrinsic apoptosis proteins which primes the cell for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Desouza-Armstrong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter W Gunning
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justine R Stehn
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Novogen Ltd. Hornsby, Sydney, New South Wales, 2077, Australia
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32
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Singh R, Gupta SC, Peng WX, Zhou N, Pochampally R, Atfi A, Watabe K, Lu Z, Mo YY. Regulation of alternative splicing of Bcl-x by BC200 contributes to breast cancer pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2262. [PMID: 27277684 PMCID: PMC5143396 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BC200 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis, yet whether dysregulation of BC200 contributes to the pathogenesis of human diseases remains elusive. In this study, we show that BC200 is upregulated in breast cancer; among breast tumor specimens there is a higher level of BC200 in estrogen receptor (ER) positive than in ER-negative tumors. Further experiments show that activation of estrogen signaling induces expression of BC200. To determine the significance of ER-regulated BC200 expression, we knockout (KO) BC200 by CRISPR/Cas9. BC200 KO suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo by expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-xS isoform. Mechanistically, BC200 contains a 17-nucleotide sequence complementary to Bcl-x pre-mRNA, which may facilitate its binding to Bcl-x pre-mRNA and recruitment of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, a known splicing factor. Consequently, hnRNP A2/B1 interferes with association of Bcl-x pre-mRNA with the Bcl-xS-promoting factor Sam68, leading to a blockade of Bcl-xS expression. Together, these results suggest that BC200 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer. Thus, BC200 may serve as a prognostic marker and possible target for attenuating deregulated cell proliferation in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - S C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - W-X Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - N Zhou
- System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Pochampally
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - A Atfi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - K Watabe
- Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Bermuda Run, NC, USA
| | - Z Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Mo
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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33
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Yu C, Yan S, Khambu B, Chen X, Dong Z, Luo J, Michalopoulos GK, Wu S, Yin XM. Gene Expression Analysis Indicates Divergent Mechanisms in DEN-Induced Carcinogenesis in Wild Type and Bid-Deficient Livers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155211. [PMID: 27196317 PMCID: PMC4873180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bid is a Bcl-2 family protein. In addition to its pro-apoptosis function, Bid can also promote cell proliferation, maintain S phase checkpoint, and facilitate inflammasome activation. Bid plays important roles in tissue injury and regeneration, hematopoietic homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Bid participates in hepatic carcinogenesis but the mechanism is not fully understood. Deletion of Bid resulted in diminished tumor burden and delayed tumor progression in a liver cancer model. In order to better understand the Bid-regulated events during hepatic carcinogenesis we performed gene expression analysis in wild type and bid-deficient mice treated with a hepatic carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine. We found that deletion of Bid caused significantly fewer alterations in gene expression in terms of the number of genes affected and the number of pathways affected. In addition, the expression profiles were remarkably different. In the wild type mice, there was a significant increase in the expression of growth regulation-related and immune/inflammation response-related genes, and a significant decrease in the expression of metabolism-related genes, both of which were diminished in bid-deficient livers. These data suggest that Bid could promote hepatic carcinogenesis via growth control and inflammation-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshun Yu
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengmin Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bilon Khambu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George K. Michalopoulos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shangwei Wu
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XMY); (SW)
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XMY); (SW)
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34
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Anticancer Effects of 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-Methylanthraquinone and the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hedyotis Diffusa Willd against HepG2 Carcinoma Cells Mediated via Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151502. [PMID: 27064569 PMCID: PMC4827846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedyotis Diffusa Willd, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a treatment for various diseases including cancer, owing to its mild effectiveness and low toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify the main anticancer components in Hedyotis Diffusa Willd, and explore mechanisms underlying their activity. Hedyotis Diffusa Willd was extracted and fractionated using ethyl acetate to obtain the H-Ethyl acetate fraction, which showed higher anticancer activity than the other fractions obtained against HepG2 cells with sulforhodamine B assays. The active component of the H-Ethyl acetate fraction was identified to be 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (DMQ) with much high inhibitory rate up to 48.9 ± 3.3% and selectivity rate up to 9.4 ± 4.5 folds (p<0.01) at 125 μmol/L. HepG2 cells treated with the fraction and DMQ visualized morphologically using light and fluorescence microscopy. Annexin V--fluorescein isothiocyanate / propidium iodide staining flow cytometry, DNA ladder and cell cycle distribution assays. Mechanistic studies showed up-regulation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 proteases activities (p<0.001), indicating involvement of mitochondrial apoptotic and death receptor pathways. Further studies revealed that reactive oxygen species in DMQ and the fraction treated HepG2 cells increased (p<0.01) while mitochondrial membrane potential reduced significantly (p<0.001) compared to the control by flow cytometry assays. Western blot analysis showed that Bax, p53, Fas, FasL, p21 and cytoplasmic cytochrome C were up-regulated (p<0.01), while Bcl-2, mitochondrial cytochrome C, cyclin E and CDK 2 were down-regulated dose-dependently (p<0.01). The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax increased (p<0.001) while that of Bcl-2 decreased (p<0.001). Pre-treatment with caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK, or caspase-9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK, attenuated the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of DMQ and the fraction on HepG2 cells. These results suggested that DMQ and the H-Ethyl acetate fraction of Hedyotis Diffusa Willd showed potential anticancer effects. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action may involve mitochondrial apoptotic and death receptor pathways.
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Kang CW, Kim NH, Park NG, Kim GD. Apoptotic Cell Death Induced by ofLBP6A, Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Model Peptide, Derived from Paralichthy olivaceus on MKN-28 Cells. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:94-102. [PMID: 27009854 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) analogs derived from the marine resource Paralichthy olivaceus on MKN-28 gastric cancer cells. Five LBP analogs were used: ofLBP1N, ofLBP2A, ofLBP4N, ofLBP5A, and ofLBP6A. ofLBP6A induced cell death of MKN-28 cells at a concentration of 40 μM. While the anti-proliferation effects ofLBP6A showed on MKN-28 cells at concentration of 40 μM, it did not affect non-cancerous HEK-293 cells at the same concentration. The mechanism study showed that ofLBP6A lead to the inhibition of cell proliferation by apoptosis along with morphological changes. The phosphorylation of Fas associated death domain (FADD) as well as the expressions of cleaved caspase-8, -7, and -3 were increased by ofLBP6A treatment. Increased the expression level of cleaved caspase-3 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of Bid, Bax, and cytochrome C were also increased by the treatment. However, the expressions of cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (FLIP), Bcl-XL, and Bcl-2 were decreased by ofLBP6A treatment. The results of this study were the first to demonstrate the apoptotic anti-cancer effects of ofLBP6A, derived from P. olivavaceus on gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Won Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyung National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyung National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyu Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyung National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyung National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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Santin I, Dos Santos RS, Eizirik DL. Pancreatic Beta Cell Survival and Signaling Pathways: Effects of Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Genetic Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1433:21-54. [PMID: 26936771 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are specifically destroyed by the immune system. The disease has an important genetic component and more than 50 loci across the genome have been associated with risk of developing T1D. The molecular mechanisms by which these putative T1D candidate genes modulate disease risk, however, remain poorly characterized and little is known about their effects in pancreatic beta cells. Functional studies in in vitro models of pancreatic beta cells, based on techniques to inhibit or overexpress T1D candidate genes, allow the functional characterization of several T1D candidate genes. This requires a multistage procedure comprising two major steps, namely accurate selection of genes of potential interest and then in vitro and/or in vivo mechanistic approaches to characterize their role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and death in T1D. This chapter details the methods and settings used by our groups to characterize the role of T1D candidate genes on pancreatic beta cell survival and signaling pathways, with particular focus on potentially relevant pathways in the pathogenesis of T1D, i.e., inflammation and innate immune responses, apoptosis, beta cell metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izortze Santin
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, Spain.
| | - Reinaldo S Dos Santos
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang Q, Li ZH, Li YY, Shi SJ, Zhou SW, Fu YY, Zhang Q, Yang X, Fu RQ, Lu LC. Hypericin-photodynamic therapy induces human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18398. [PMID: 26673286 PMCID: PMC4682094 DOI: 10.1038/srep18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), such as haematoporphyrin (HP), have not yet reached satisfactory therapeutic effects on port-wine stains (PWSs), due largely to the long-term dark toxicity. Previously we have showed that hypericin exhibited potent photocytotoxic effects on Roman chicken cockscomb model of PWSs. However, the molecular mechanism of hypericin-mediated photocytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we employed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the hypericin-photolytic mechanism. Our study showed that hypericin-PDT induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in cell killings and an activation of the inflammatory response. Importantly, we have also discovered that photoactivated hypericin induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial caspase pathway and inhibiting the activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, we found that hypericin exhibited a more potent photocytotoxic effect than HP, and largely addressed the inconvenience issue associated with the use of HP. Thereby, hypericin may be a better alternative to HP in treating PWSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo-heng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - San-jun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Shi-wen Zhou
- Office of Clinical Pharmacological Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-yuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-qiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
| | - Lai-chun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, P. R. China
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Zhao X, Wang P, Liu J, Zheng J, Liu Y, Chen J, Xue Y. Gas5 Exerts Tumor-suppressive Functions in Human Glioma Cells by Targeting miR-222. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1899-911. [PMID: 26370254 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of noncoding RNAs in glioma cells, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs, may participate in the progression of glioma. Encoded by Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) gene, lncRNA Gas5 was reported to be a negative regulator for survival and proliferation of several cancers. Here, Gas5 is found to be downregulated in glioma specimens and U87 and U251 glioma cell lines. We showed that the introduction of Gas5 by plasmid transfection increased the expression of tumor suppressor Bcl-2-modifying factor (bmf) and Plexin C1 via directly targeting and reducing the expression of miR-222. Downregulated expression of miR-222 inhibited U87 and U251 cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis by upregulating bmf. As downstream signaling molecules of bmf, Bcl-2 and Bax were involved in the process. Meanwhile, knockdown of miR-222 attenuated U87 and U251 cell migration and invasion by upregulating Plexin C1, and cofilin was a crucial regulator targeted by Plexin C1. Gas5 combined with the knockdown of miR-222 resulted in the smallest tumor volumes and the longest survivals of nude mice in vivo. In summary, we show that Gas5 suppresses tumor malignancy by downregulating miR-222, which may serve as a promising therapy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Orrenius S, Gogvadze V, Zhivotovsky B. Calcium and mitochondria in the regulation of cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:72-81. [PMID: 25998735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The calcium ion has long been known to play an important role in cell death regulation. Hence, necrotic cell death was early associated with intracellular Ca(2+) overload, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition and functional collapse. Subsequent characterization of the signaling pathways in apoptosis revealed that Ca(2+)/calpain was critically involved in the processing of the mitochondrially localized, Apoptosis Inducing Factor. More recently, the calcium ion has been demonstrated to play important regulatory roles also in other cell death modalities, notably autophagic cell death and anoikis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) regulation of these various modes of cell death with a focus on the importance of the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sten Orrenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Keum DI, Pi LQ, Hwang ST, Lee WS. Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against chemotherapeutic drug-induced premature catagen development assessed with human hair follicle organ culture model. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:169-75. [PMID: 27158238 PMCID: PMC4845051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most distressing side effects for patients undergoing chemotherapy. This study evaluated the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CIA in a well-established in vitro human hair follicle organ culture model as it occurs in vivo. Methods We examined whether KRG can prevent premature hair follicle dystrophy in a human hair follicle organ culture model during treatment with a key cyclophosphamide metabolite, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). Results 4-HC inhibited human hair growth, induced premature catagen development, and inhibited proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of hair matrix keratinocytes. In addition, 4-HC increased p53 and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl2 protein expression. Pretreatment with KRG protected against 4-HC-induced hair growth inhibition and premature catagen development. KRG also suppressed 4-HC-induced inhibition of matrix keratinocyte proliferation and stimulation of matrix keratinocyte apoptosis. Moreover, KRG restored 4-HC-induced p53 and Bax/Bcl2 expression. Conclusion Overall, our results indicate that KRG may protect against 4-HC-induced premature catagen development through modulation of p53 and Bax/Bcl2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong In Keum
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Long-Quan Pi
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | | | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Balogh A, Németh M, Koloszár I, Markó L, Przybyl L, Jinno K, Szigeti C, Heffer M, Gebhardt M, Szeberényi J, Müller DN, Sétáló G, Pap M. Overexpression of CREB protein protects from tunicamycin-induced apoptosis in various rat cell types. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1080-98. [PMID: 24722832 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an essential role in unfolded protein response induced apoptosis contributing to several pathological conditions. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) plays a central role in several apoptotic signaling, including ER stress, as the active form of GSK-3β induces apoptosis. The phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) Ser-133 (S133) residue is the end-point of various signaling pathways, like growth factor signaling, while the Ser-129 (S129) residue is phosphorylated by GSK-3β. The significance of the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor CREB is demonstrated in prolonged, tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress in this study. In the experiments wild-type (wt) CREB, S129Ala, S133Ala or S129Ala-S133Ala mutant CREB expressing PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell lines showed increased survival under TM-evoked prolonged ER stress compared to wtPC12 cells. After TM treatment ER stress was activated in all PC12 cell types. Lithium and SB-216763, the selective, well-known inhibitors of GSK-3β, decreased TM-induced apoptosis and promoted cell survival. The proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim) level was decreased in the different CREB overexpressing PC12 cells as a result of TM treatment. CREB overexpression also inhibited the sequestration of Bim protein from tubulin molecules, as it was demonstrated in wtPC12 cells. Transient expression of wtCREB diminished TM-induced apoptosis in wtPC12, Rat-1 and primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells. These findings demonstrate a novel role of CREB in different cell types as a potent protector against ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Balogh
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
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Yang W, Zou L, Huang C, Lei Y. Redox regulation of cancer metastasis: molecular signaling and therapeutic opportunities. Drug Dev Res 2015; 75:331-41. [PMID: 25160073 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. Accumulated evidence has shown that high-metastasis potential cancer cells have more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation compared with low-metastasis potential cancer cells. ROS can function as second messengers to regulate multiple cancer metastasis-related signaling pathways via reversible oxidative posttranslational modifications of cysteine in key redox-sensitive proteins, which leads to the structural and functional change of these proteins. Because ROS can promote cancer metastasis, therapeutic strategies aiming at inducing/reducing cellular ROS level or targeting redox sensors involved in metastasis hold great potential in developing new efficient approaches for anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarize recent findings on regulation of tumor metastasis by key redox sensors and describe the potential of targeting redox signaling pathways for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Ferreira AK, Tavares MT, Pasqualoto KFM, de Azevedo RA, Teixeira SF, Ferreira-Junior WA, Bertin AM, de-Sá-Junior PL, Barbuto JAM, Figueiredo CR, Cury Y, Damião MCFCB, Parise-Filho R. RPF151, a novel capsaicin-like analogue: in vitro studies and in vivo preclinical antitumor evaluation in a breast cancer model. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7251-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Naumenko VS, Kulikov AV, Kondaurova EM, Tsybko AS, Kulikova EA, Krasnov IB, Shenkman BS, Sychev VN, Bazhenova EY, Sinyakova NA, Popova NK. Effect of actual long-term spaceflight on BDNF, TrkB, p75, BAX and BCL-XL genes expression in mouse brain regions. Neuroscience 2015; 284:730-736. [PMID: 25451288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mice of C57BL/6J strain were exposed to 1-month spaceflight on Russian biosatellite Bion-M1 to determine the effect of long-term actual spaceflight on the expression of genes involved in the processes of neurogenesis and apoptosis. Specifically, we focused on the genes encoding proapoptotic factor BAX, antiapoptotic factor BCL-XL, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and BDNF receptors TrkB and p75. Spaceflight reduced the expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-XL gene in the striatum and hypothalamus, but increased it in the hippocampus. To estimate environmental stress contribution into spaceflight effects we analyzed spaceflight-responsive genes in mice housed for 1 month on Earth in the same shuttle cabins that were used for spaceflight, and in mice of the laboratory control group. It was shown that 1-month shuttle cabin housing decreased BCL-XL gene expression in the striatum but failed to alter BCL-XL mRNA levels in the hippocampus or hypothalamus. Spaceflight failed to alter the expression of the proapoptotic BAX gene in all investigated brain structures, although the insignificant increase of the BAX mRNA level in the hippocampus of spaceflight mice was found. At the same time, shuttle cabin housing produced insignificant decrease in BAX gene expression in the hippocampus. In contrast to the BCL-XL gene, genes encoding BAX, BDNF as well as TrkB and p75 receptors did not respond to 30-day spaceflight. Thus, long-term spaceflight (1) did not affect the expression of genes encoding BDNF as well as TrkB and p75 receptors, (2) produced dysregulation in genetic control of the neuronal apoptosis, (3) implicated BCL-XL as the risk factor for spaceflight-induced behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Naumenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A V Kulikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E M Kondaurova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Tsybko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Kulikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I B Krasnov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - B S Shenkman
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Sychev
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Khoroshevskoe Street, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - E Y Bazhenova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N A Sinyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N K Popova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Lavrentyeva Avenue, 10, 633090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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LIU ZHENXING, WANG YINGZHENG, ZHAO SHUAN, ZHANG JINGYOU, WU YI, ZENG SHENMING. Imidazole inhibits autophagy flux by blocking autophagic degradation and triggers apoptosis via increasing FoxO3a-Bim expression. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:721-31. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Aweya JJ, Sze CW, Bayega A, Mohd-Ismail NK, Deng L, Hotta H, Tan YJ. NS5B induces up-regulation of the BH3-only protein, BIK, essential for the hepatitis C virus RNA replication and viral release. Virology 2014; 474:41-51. [PMID: 25463603 PMCID: PMC7127593 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces cytopathic effects in the form of hepatocytes apoptosis thought to be resulted from the interaction between viral proteins and host factors. Using pathway specific PCR array, we identified 9 apoptosis-related genes that are dysregulated during HCV infection, of which the BH3-only pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, BIK, was consistently up-regulated at the mRNA and protein levels. Depletion of BIK protected host cells from HCV-induced caspase-3/7 activation but not the inhibitory effect of HCV on cell viability. Furthermore, viral RNA replication and release were significantly suppressed in BIK-depleted cells and over-expression of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, NS5B, was able to induce BIK expression. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed co-localization and interaction of BIK and NS5B, suggesting that BIK may be interacting with the HCV replication complex through NS5B. These results imply that BIK is essential for HCV replication and that NS5B is able to induce BIK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Wooen Sze
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Bayega
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Nur Khairiah Mohd-Ismail
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Division of Microbiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yee-Joo Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System (NUHS), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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Desouza M, Gunning PW, Stehn JR. The actin cytoskeleton as a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 2:75-87. [PMID: 22880146 PMCID: PMC3414384 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.20975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an important biological process required for the removal of unwanted or damaged cells. Mounting evidence implicates the actin cytoskeleton as both a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. Studies also suggest that actin binding proteins (ABPs) significantly contribute to apoptosis and that actin dynamics play a key role in regulating apoptosis signaling. Changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton has been attributed to the process of malignant transformation and it is hypothesized that remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton may enable tumor cells to evade normal apoptotic signaling. This review aims to illuminate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in apoptosis by systematically analyzing how actin and ABPs regulate different apoptosis pathways and to also highlight the potential for developing novel compounds that target tumor-specific actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Desouza
- Oncology Research Unit; School of Medical Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney, Australia
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Altered gene transcription in human cells treated with Ludox® silica nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8867-90. [PMID: 25170680 PMCID: PMC4198995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have found extensive applications in industrial manufacturing, biomedical and biotechnological fields. Therefore, the increasing exposure to such ultrafine particles requires studies to characterize their potential cytotoxic effects in order to provide exhaustive information to assess the impact of nanomaterials on human health. The understanding of the biological processes involved in the development and maintenance of a variety of pathologies is improved by genome-wide approaches, and in this context, gene set analysis has emerged as a fundamental tool for the interpretation of the results. In this work we show how the use of a combination of gene-by-gene and gene set analyses can enhance the interpretation of results of in vitro treatment of A549 cells with Ludox® colloidal amorphous silica nanoparticles. By gene-by-gene and gene set analyses, we evidenced a specific cell response in relation to NPs size and elapsed time after treatment, with the smaller NPs (SM30) having higher impact on inflammatory and apoptosis processes than the bigger ones. Apoptotic process appeared to be activated by the up-regulation of the initiator genes TNFa and IL1b and by ATM. Moreover, our analyses evidenced that cell treatment with Ludox® silica nanoparticles activated the matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP1, MMP10 and MMP9. The information derived from this study can be informative about the cytotoxicity of Ludox® and other similar colloidal amorphous silica NPs prepared by solution processes.
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Song G, Valdez BC, Li Y, Liu Y, Champlin RE, Andersson BS. Synergistic cytotoxicity of sorafenib with busulfan and nucleoside analogs in human FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplications-positive acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:1687-95. [PMID: 25111583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Clofarabine (Clo), fludarabine (Flu), and busulfan (Bu) are used in pretransplantation conditioning therapy for patients with myeloid leukemia. To further improve their efficacy in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD)-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we investigated their synergism with sorafenib (Sor). Exposure of FLT3-ITD-positive MV-4-11 and MOLM 13 cells to Bu+Clo+Flu+Sor resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity; no such synergism was observed in the FLT3-wild type THP-1 and KBM3/Bu250(6) cell lines. The drug synergism in MV-4-11 cells could be attributed to activation of DNA damage response, histone 3 modifications, inhibition of prosurvival kinases, and activation of apoptosis. Further, the phosphorylation of kinases, including FLT3, MAPK kinase (MEK), and AKT, was inhibited. The FLT3-ITD substrate STAT5 and its target gene PIM 2 product decreased when cells were exposed to Sor alone, Bu+Clo+Flu, and Bu+Clo+Flu+Sor. The level of the proapoptotic protein p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) increased, whereas the level of prosurvival protein MCL-1 decreased when cells were exposed to Bu+Clo+Flu+Sor. The interactions of PUMA with MCL-1 and/or BCL-2 were enhanced when cells were exposed to Bu+Clo+Flu or Bu+Clo+Flu+Sor. The changes in the level of these proteins, which are involved in mitochondrial control of apoptosis, correlate with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Bu+Clo+Flu+Sor decreased mitochondrial membrane potential by 60% and caused leakage of cytochrome c, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC)/direct IAP Binding protein with low pI (DIABLO), and AIF from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, caspase activation, and cell death, suggesting the activation of apoptosis. Analogous, synergistic cytotoxicity in response to Bu, Clo, Flu, and Sor was observed in mononuclear cells isolated from FLT3-ITD-positive AML patients. Although our previous studies were aimed at standardizing the conditioning regimen, the new findings suggest that patients with abnormal expression of FLT3 might further benefit from individualizing treatment through the addition of Sor to Bu+Clo+Flu, thereby providing personalized pretransplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Song
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benigno C Valdez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Borje S Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Hong CE, Park AK, Lyu SY. Synergistic anticancer effects of lectin and doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:225-35. [PMID: 24878989 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects, either combined or alone, of lectin from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum agglutinin, VCA) and doxorubicin (DOX) in MCF-7 (estrogen receptor-positive) and MDA-MB231 (estrogen receptor-negative) human breast cancer cells. When VCA and DOX were combined, a strong synergistic effect was shown in cell growth inhibition, compared to VCA or DOX treatment alone. In quantitative apoptosis studies analyzed by flow cytometry, a combination of two agents showed an increase in apoptosis in both cells, compared to agents alone. Also, pro-apoptotic proteins including Bax, Bik, and Puma were increased in both cells, and the survival factor Bcl-2 was inhibited in MCF-7 cells when drugs were combined. Furthermore, VCA combined with DOX mediated S phase arrest, accompanied with a decrease of cell number at G0/G1 phase. This suggests that VCA and DOX combination may possibly lead to a novel strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Eui Hong
- Department of Biology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
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