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Samhan-Arias AK, Poejo J, Marques-da-Silva D, Martínez-Costa OH, Gutierrez-Merino C. Are There Lipid Membrane-Domain Subtypes in Neurons with Different Roles in Calcium Signaling? Molecules 2023; 28:7909. [PMID: 37894616 PMCID: PMC10708093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membrane nanodomains or lipid rafts are 10-200 nm diameter size cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane, gathering many proteins with different roles. Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane proteins by differential centrifugation and proteomic studies have revealed a remarkable diversity of proteins in these domains. The limited size of the lipid membrane nanodomain challenges the simple possibility that all of them can coexist within the same lipid membrane domain. As caveolin-1, flotillin isoforms and gangliosides are currently used as neuronal lipid membrane nanodomain markers, we first analyzed the structural features of these components forming nanodomains at the plasma membrane since they are relevant for building supramolecular complexes constituted by these molecular signatures. Among the proteins associated with neuronal lipid membrane nanodomains, there are a large number of proteins that play major roles in calcium signaling, such as ionotropic and metabotropic receptors for neurotransmitters, calcium channels, and calcium pumps. This review highlights a large variation between the calcium signaling proteins that have been reported to be associated with isolated caveolin-1 and flotillin-lipid membrane nanodomains. Since these calcium signaling proteins are scattered in different locations of the neuronal plasma membrane, i.e., in presynapses, postsynapses, axonal or dendritic trees, or in the neuronal soma, our analysis suggests that different lipid membrane-domain subtypes should exist in neurons. Furthermore, we conclude that classification of lipid membrane domains by their content in calcium signaling proteins sheds light on the roles of these domains for neuronal activities that are dependent upon the intracellular calcium concentration. Some examples described in this review include the synaptic and metabolic activity, secretion of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, neuronal excitability (long-term potentiation and long-term depression), axonal and dendritic growth but also neuronal cell survival and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Sols-Morreale’ (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- LSRE—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering and LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Oscar H. Martínez-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Sols-Morreale’ (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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2
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Heinl ES, Lorenz S, Schmidt B, Nasser M Laqtom N, Mazzulli JR, Francelle L, Yu TW, Greenberg B, Storch S, Tegtmeier I, Othmen H, Maurer K, Steinfurth M, Witzgall R, Milenkovic V, Wetzel CH, Reichold M. CLN7/MFSD8 may be an important factor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. iScience 2022; 25:105082. [PMID: 36093380 PMCID: PMC9444308 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has triggered a worldwide pandemic. According to the BioGrid database, CLN7 (MFSD8) is thought to interact with several viral proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate a possible involvement of CLN7 in the infection process. Experiments on a CLN7-deficient HEK293T cell line exhibited a 90% reduced viral load compared to wild-type cells. This observation may be linked to the finding that CLN7 ko cells have a significantly reduced GM1 content in their cell membrane. GM1 is found highly enriched in lipid rafts, which are thought to play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, overexpression of CLN7 led to an increase in viral load. This study provides evidence that CLN7 is involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This makes it a potential pharmacological target for drug development against COVID-19. Furthermore, it provides insights into the physiological function of CLN7 where still only little is known about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sofia Heinl
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lorenz
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nouf Nasser M Laqtom
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph R. Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Timothy W. Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephan Storch
- Children’s Hospital Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ines Tegtmeier
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helga Othmen
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Maurer
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Malin Steinfurth
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Genest M, Comunale F, Planchon D, Govindin P, Noly D, Vacher S, Bièche I, Robert B, Malhotra H, Schoenit A, Tashireva LA, Casas J, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Bodin S. Upregulated flotillins and sphingosine kinase 2 derail AXL vesicular traffic to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274986. [PMID: 35394045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered endocytosis and vesicular trafficking are major players during tumorigenesis. Flotillin overexpression, a feature observed in many invasive tumors and identified as a marker of poor prognosis, induces a deregulated endocytic and trafficking pathway called upregulated flotillin-induced trafficking (UFIT). Here, we found that in non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells, induction of the UFIT pathway promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerates the endocytosis of several transmembrane receptors, including AXL, in flotillin-positive late endosomes. AXL overexpression, frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to EMT and metastasis formation. In flotillin-overexpressing non-tumoral mammary epithelial cells and in invasive breast carcinoma cells, we found that the UFIT pathway-mediated AXL endocytosis allows its stabilization and depends on sphingosine kinase 2, a lipid kinase recruited in flotillin-rich plasma membrane domains and endosomes. Thus, the deregulation of vesicular trafficking following flotillin upregulation, and through sphingosine kinase 2, emerges as a new mechanism of AXL overexpression and EMT-inducing signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Genest
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Govindin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Dune Noly
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Campus Val d'Aurelle, 208 avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Andreas Schoenit
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Liubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Chytła A, Gajdzik-Nowak W, Biernatowska A, Sikorski AF, Czogalla A. High-Level Expression of Palmitoylated MPP1 Recombinant Protein in Mammalian Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11090715. [PMID: 34564532 PMCID: PMC8470630 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies have pointed to an important role of the MAGUK family member, MPP1, as a crucial molecule interacting with flotillins and involved in the lateral organization of the erythroid plasma membrane. The palmitoylation of MPP1 seems to be an important element in this process; however, studies on the direct effect of palmitoylation on protein–protein or protein–membrane interactions in vitro are still challenging due to the difficulties in obtaining functional post-translationally modified recombinant proteins and the lack of comprehensive protocols for the purification of palmitoylated proteins. In this work, we present an optimized approach for the high-yield overexpression and purification of palmitoylated recombinant MPP1 protein in mammalian HEK-293F cells. The presented approach facilitates further studies on the molecular mechanism of lateral membrane organization and the functional impact of the palmitoylation of MPP1, which could also be carried out for other palmitoylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chytła
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Weronika Gajdzik-Nowak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego 73a, 51-154 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.C.); (W.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.C.); Tel.: +48-7-1375-417 (A.B.); +48-7-1375-6356 (A.C.)
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5
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Molecular characterization of direct interactions between MPP1 and flotillins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14751. [PMID: 34285255 PMCID: PMC8292550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillins are the major structural proteins in erythroid raft domains. We have shown previously that the dynamic nanoscale organization of raft domains in erythroid cells may depend on flotillin-MPP1 interactions. Here, by using molecular dynamic simulations and a surface plasmon resonance-based approach we determined that high-affinity complexes of MPP1 and flotillins are formed via a so far unidentified region within the D5 domain of MPP1. Significantly, this particular “flotillin binding motif” is of key physiological importance, as overexpression of peptides containing this motif inhibited endogenous MPP1-flotillin interaction in erythroid precursor cells, thereby causing lateral disorganization of raft domains. This was reflected by both reduction in the plasma membrane order and markedly decreased activation of signal transduction via the raft-dependent insulin receptor pathway. Our data highlight new molecular details concerning the mechanism whereby MPP1 functionally links flotillins to exert their physiological role in raft domain formation.
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6
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Zhao R, Shan Y, Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhao R, Zhao L, Shan B. MicroRNA‑485‑5p suppresses the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting flotillin‑1 and inhibits the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:93. [PMID: 33846817 PMCID: PMC8047942 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in Asia, it is crucial to uncover its underlying molecular mechanisms that support its development and progression. Several articles have reported that microRNA (miR)-485-5p inhibits the malignant phenotype in a number of cancer types, such as lung, gastric and breast cancer, but to the best of our knowledge, its function in ESCC has not been studied in depth until the present study. It is of great significance to probe the regulatory action and underlying mechanism of miR-485-5p in ESCC. In brief, this study identified that miR-485-5p expression in ESCC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues. The decrease in miR-485-5p expression was associated with a larger tumour size and poor histology and stage. The expression of miR-485-5p was relatively high in Eca 109 and TE-1 cells, but relatively low in KYSE 30. The overexpression of miR-485-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, whereas miR-485-5p knockdown did the opposite. Flotillin-1 (FLOT-1) can facilitate the malignant phenotype in various cancer types. The present study found that in ESCC tissue, the protein expression of FLOT-1 was negatively correlated with miR-485-5p expression. Further experiments showed that miR-485-5p directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of FLOT-1. The overexpression of miR-485-5p significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression levels of FLOT-1, whereas knockdown had the reverse effects. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-485-5p restrained epithelial-mesenchymal metastasis (EMT)-related factors at both the mRNA and protein levels. At the same time, it also inhibited the growth of ESCC and restrained the EMT in vivo. In summary, miR-485-5p was found to be an inhibitor of ESCC and may have potential as a novel target candidate for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyang Zhao
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Shan
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ruinian Zhao
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Baoen Shan
- Research Centre, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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7
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Abstract
Flotillins 1 and 2 are two ubiquitous, highly conserved homologous proteins that assemble to form heterotetramers at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains. Flotillin heterotetramers can assemble into large oligomers to form molecular scaffolds that regulate the clustering of at the plasma membrane and activity of several receptors. Moreover, flotillins are upregulated in many invasive carcinomas and also in sarcoma, and this is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis formation. When upregulated, flotillins promote plasma membrane invagination and induce an endocytic pathway that allows the targeting of cargo proteins in the late endosomal compartment in which flotillins accumulate. These late endosomes are not degradative, and participate in the recycling and secretion of protein cargos. The cargos of this Upregulated Flotillin–Induced Trafficking (UFIT) pathway include molecules involved in signaling, adhesion, and extracellular matrix remodeling, thus favoring the acquisition of an invasive cellular behavior leading to metastasis formation. Thus, flotillin presence from the plasma membrane to the late endosomal compartment influences the activity, and even modifies the trafficking and fate of key protein cargos, favoring the development of diseases, for instance tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on flotillins and their role in cancer development focusing on their function in cellular membrane remodeling and vesicular trafficking regulation.
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8
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Katsuno-Kambe H, Parton RG, Yap AS, Teo JL. Caveolin-1 influences epithelial collective cell migration via FMNL2 formin. Biol Cell 2020; 113:107-117. [PMID: 33169848 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Epithelial collective cell migration requires the intrinsic locomotor activity of cells to be coordinated across populations. This coordination is governed by the presence of cell-cell adhesions as well as the cooperative behaviour of cells within the monolayer. RESULTS Here, we report a role for Caveolin-1 (CAV1) in epithelial collective cell migration. CAV1 depletion reduced the migratory behaviour of AML12 liver epithelial cells when grown as monolayers, but not as individual cells. This suggested that CAV1 is a component of the process by which multicellular collectivity regulates epithelial motility. The correlation length for migration velocity was increased by CAV1 RNAi, a possible sign of epithelial jamming. However, CAV1 RNAi reduced migration, even when monolayers were allowed to migrate into unconfined spaces. The migratory defect was ameliorated by simultaneous depletion of the FMNL2 formin, whose cortical recruitment is increased in CAV1 RNAi cells. CONCLUSIONS We therefore suggest that CAV1 modulates intraepithelial motility by controlling the cortical availability of FMNL2. SIGNIFICANCE Although epithelial collective cell migration has been observed in multiple contexts both in vivo and in vitro, the inherent coupling and coordination of activity between cells within the monolayer remain incompletely understood. Our study highlights a role for CAV1 in regulating intraepithelial motility, an effect that involves the formin FMNL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Katsuno-Kambe
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica L Teo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia
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Greig J, Bulgakova NA. Arf6 determines tissue architecture by stabilizing intercellular adhesion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190682. [PMID: 32829688 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct cell shape is indispensable for tissue architecture, with cell shape being determined by cortical actin and surface adhesion. The role of adhesion in remodelling tissue is to counteract the deformation of cells by force, resulting from actomyosin contractility, and to maintain tissue integrity. The dynamics of this adhesion are critical to the processes of cell shape formation and maintenance. Here, we show that the trafficking molecule Arf6 has a direct impact on cell elongation, by acting to stabilize E-cadherin-based adhesion complexes at the cell surface, in addition to its canonical role in endocytosis. We demonstrate that these functions of Arf6 are dependent on the molecule Flotillin1, which recruits Arf6 to the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that Arf6 and Flotillin1 operate in a pathway distinct from clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Altogether, we demonstrate that Arf6- and Flotillin1-dependent regulation of the dynamics of cell adhesion contribute to moulding tissue in vivo. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Greig
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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10
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Samson GPB, Legler DF. Membrane Compartmentalization and Scaffold Proteins in Leukocyte Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:285. [PMID: 32411706 PMCID: PMC7198906 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration across vessels into and within peripheral and lymphoid tissues is essential for host defense against invading pathogens. Leukocytes are specialized in sensing a variety of guidance cues and to integrate environmental stimuli to navigate in a timely and spatially controlled manner. These extracellular signals must be transmitted across the leukocyte’s plasma membrane in a way that intracellular signaling cascades enable directional cell movement. Therefore, the composition of the membrane in concert with proteins that influence the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane or contribute to delineate intracellular signaling molecules are key in controlling leukocyte navigation. This becomes evident by the fact that mislocalization of membrane proteins is known to deleteriously affect cellular functions that may cause diseases. In this review we summarize recent advances made in the understanding of how membrane cholesterol levels modulate chemokine receptor signaling and hence leukocyte trafficking. Moreover, we provide an overview on the role of membrane scaffold proteins, particularly tetraspanins, flotillins/reggies, and caveolins in controlling leukocyte migration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Flotillins: At the Intersection of Protein S-Palmitoylation and Lipid-Mediated Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072283. [PMID: 32225034 PMCID: PMC7177705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are ubiquitously expressed, membrane-associated proteins involved in multifarious cellular events from cell signaling, endocytosis, and protein trafficking to gene expression. They also contribute to oncogenic signaling. Flotillins bind the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane and endomembranes and, upon hetero-oligomerization, serve as scaffolds facilitating the assembly of multiprotein complexes at the membrane-cytosol interface. Additional functions unique to flotillin-1 have been discovered recently. The membrane-binding of flotillins is regulated by S-palmitoylation and N-myristoylation, hydrophobic interactions involving specific regions of the polypeptide chain and, to some extent, also by their oligomerization. All these factors endow flotillins with an ability to associate with the sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains called rafts. In this review, we focus on the critical input of lipids to the regulation of the flotillin association with rafts and thereby to their functioning. In particular, we discuss how the recent developments in the field of protein S-palmitoylation have contributed to the understanding of flotillin1/2-mediated processes, including endocytosis, and of those dependent exclusively on flotillin-1. We also emphasize that flotillins affect directly or indirectly the cellular levels of lipids involved in diverse signaling cascades, including sphingosine-1-phosphate and PI(4,5)P2. The mutual relations between flotillins and distinct lipids are key to the regulation of their involvement in numerous cellular processes.
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12
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Li HT, Ye C, Zhou M, Yang Y, Jin Q, Pan CF. Moxifloxacin suppresses airway inflammation and modulates expression of caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 in airway smooth muscle cells of asthmatic rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:469. [PMID: 31700905 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Moxifloxacin (MXF) possesses anti-inflammatory properties on asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) beyond their antimicrobial effects, but the mechanisms are still unknown. This study was to investigate effects of MXF on expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and flotillin-1 (FLOT1) in ASMCs in asthmatic rats. Methods ASMCs were collected from the airway and cultured in vitro. Cells from normal rats were treated with normal saline (Group N); cells from asthmatic rats were incubated with normal saline (Group A) or MXF (20 mg/L) (Group M); Cav-1 expression was up-regulated by transferring Cav-1 expressing lentivirus (Group L) and FLOT1 expression down-regulated by using siRNA in cells from asthmatic rats (Group S). The expressions of Cav-1, FLOT1 and p65 NF-κB were measured by Western blotting and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and eotaxin contents were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with normal control, Cav-1 expression significantly decreased in asthmatic groups (P<0.01); MXF up-regulated Cav-1 expression in asthmatic groups (P<0.01). However, compared with normal control, the expression of FLOT1 and p65 NF-κB dramatically increased in asthmatic groups (P<0.01); MXF down-regulated the expression of FLOT1 and p65 NF-κB in asthmatic groups (P<0.01); meanwhile, the expressions of FLOT1 and p65 NF-κB decreased after up-regulation of Cav-1 expression in asthmatic groups (P=0.01). Compared with asthmatic groups, the IL-8 and eotaxin contents significantly decreased in MXF Groups, Cav-1 up-regulation asthmatic groups and FLOT1 down-regulation asthmatic groups (P<0.01). Conclusions MXF can modulate the airway inflammation, upregulate Cav-1 expression, downregulate the expression of FLOT1 and p65 NF-κB in asthmatic rat ASMCs, which may be related to the anti-inflammatory effects of MXF in asthmatic ASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Jinshan Central Hospital, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Quan Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chun-Feng Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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13
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Hanafusa K, Hayashi N. The Flot2 component of the lipid raft changes localization during neural differentiation of P19C6 cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:38. [PMID: 31455216 PMCID: PMC6712619 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flotillin-2 (Flot2) is a lipid raft scaffold protein that is thought to be related to neural differentiation. Flot2 is phosphorylated by Fyn, a Src kinase, and causes raft-dependent endocytosis; however, the exact role of Flot2 in neural differentiation remains unclear. To reveal the roles of lipid raft-associated proteins during neural differentiation, we tried to analyze the expression and localization. Results In this study, we found that the expression levels of the Flot2 and Fyn proteins increased in whole-cell lysates of P19C6 cells after neural differentiation. In addition, sucrose density fractionation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed an increase in the localization of Flot2 and Fyn to lipid rafts after neural differentiation. We also found that Fyn partially colocalized with Flot2 lipid rafts in neural cells. Conclusion The observed distribution of Fyn and level of inactivated Fyn and/or c-Src in detergent–resistant membrane (DRM) fractions suggests that the amount of activated Fyn might increase in DRM fractions after neural differentiation. Overall these findings suggest that Flot2 lipid rafts are associated with Fyn, and that Fyn phosphorylates Flot2 during neural differentiation of P19C6 cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-019-0225-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hanafusa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hayashi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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The membrane environment of cadherin adhesion receptors: a working hypothesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:985-995. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Classical cadherin cell adhesion receptors are integral membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell interactions, tissue integrity and morphogenesis. Cadherins are best understood to function as membrane-spanning molecular composites that couple adhesion to the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, the membrane lipid environment of the cadherins is an under-investigated aspect of their cell biology. In this review, we discuss two lines of research that show how the membrane can directly or indirectly contribute to cadherin function. Firstly, we consider how modification of its local lipid environment can potentially influence cadherin signalling, adhesion and dynamics, focusing on a role for phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate. Secondly, we discuss how caveolae may indirectly regulate cadherins by modifying either the lipid composition and/or mechanical tension of the plasma membrane. Thus, we suggest that the membrane is a frontier of cadherin biology that is ripe for re-exploration.
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15
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Sumoylation of Flotillin-1 promotes EMT in metastatic prostate cancer by suppressing Snail degradation. Oncogene 2019; 38:3248-3260. [PMID: 30631151 PMCID: PMC6756018 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flotillin-1 (Flot-1) has been shown to regulate cancer progression, but the regulatory role of post-translational modifications of Flot-1 on cancers remains elusive. Herein, we show that up-regulated E2 conjugating enzyme UBC9 sumoylates Flot-1 at Lys-51 and Lys-195 with small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-2/3 modification in metastatic prostate cancer. Mitogen induced the sumoylation and nuclear translocation of Flot-1. The nuclear-targeted Flot-1 physically interacted with Snail, and inhibited Snail degradation through the proteasome in a sumoylation-dependent manner, thereby promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Sumoylation of Flot-1 by up-regulated UBC9 in human metastatic prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cells with high metastatic potential positively correlated with the stabilization of Snail and the induction of Snail-mediated EMT genes in the metastatic prostate cancer. Our study reveals a new mechanism of sumoylated Flot-1-mediating Snail stabilization, and identifies a novel sumoylated Flot-1-Snail signaling axis in EMT of metastatic prostate cancer.
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16
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Dong Z, Cheng F, Yang Y, Zhang F, Chen G, Liu D. Expression and functional analysis of flotillins in Dugesia japonica. Exp Cell Res 2019; 374:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kessler EL, van Stuijvenberg L, van Bavel JJA, van Bennekom J, Zwartsen A, Rivaud MR, Vink A, Efimov IR, Postma AV, van Tintelen JP, Remme CA, Vos MA, Banning A, de Boer TP, Tikkanen R, van Veen TAB. Flotillins in the intercalated disc are potential modulators of cardiac excitability. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 126:86-95. [PMID: 30452906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intercalated disc (ID) is important for cardiac remodeling and has become a subject of intensive research efforts. However, as yet the composition of the ID has still not been conclusively resolved and the role of many proteins identified in the ID, like Flotillin-2, is often unknown. The Flotillin proteins are known to be involved in the stabilization of cadherins and desmosomes in the epidermis and upon cancer development. However, their role in the heart has so far not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed at identifying the role of Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-2 in the cardiac ID. METHODS Location of Flotillins in human and murine cardiac tissue was evaluated by fluorescent immunolabeling and co-immunoprecipitation. In addition, the effect of Flotillin knockout (KO) on proteins of the ID and in electrical excitation and conduction was investigated in cardiac samples of wildtype (WT), Flotillin-1 KO, Flotilin-2 KO and Flotilin-1/2 double KO mice. Consequences of Flotillin knockdown (KD) on cardiac function were studied (patch clamp and Multi Electrode Array (MEA)) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) transfected with siRNAs against Flotillin-1 and/or Flotillin-2. RESULTS First, we confirmed presence in the ID and mutual binding of Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-2 in murine and human cardiac tissue. Flotillin KO mice did not show cardiac fibrosis, nor hypertrophy or changes in expression of the desmosomal ID proteins. However, protein expression of the cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 was significantly decreased in Flotillin-1 and Flotillin-1/2 KO mice compared to WT mice. In addition, sodium current density showed a significant decrease upon Flotillin-1/2 KD in NRCMs as compared to scrambled siRNA-transfected NRCMs. MEA recordings of Flotillin-2 KD NRCM cultures showed a significantly decreased spike amplitude and a tendency of a reduced spike slope when compared to control and scrambled siRNA-transfected cultures. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the presence of Flotillin-1, in addition to Flotillin-2 in the cardiac ID. Our findings indicate a modulatory role of Flotillins on NaV1.5 expression at the ID, with potential consequences for cardiac excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Kessler
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Leonie van Stuijvenberg
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne J A van Bavel
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joëlle van Bennekom
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Zwartsen
- Dutch Poisons Information Center (DPIC), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Neurotoxicology Research Group, Division Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, the Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol A Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Planchon D, Rios Morris E, Genest M, Comunale F, Vacher S, Bièche I, Denisov EV, Tashireva LA, Perelmuter VM, Linder S, Chavrier P, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. MT1-MMP targeting to endolysosomes is mediated by upregulation of flotillins. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218925. [PMID: 30111578 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis formation are the major cause of death in cancer patients. These processes rely on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation mediated by organelles termed invadopodia, to which the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP (also known as MMP14) is delivered from its reservoir, the RAB7-containing endolysosomes. How MT1-MMP is targeted to endolysosomes remains to be elucidated. Flotillin-1 and -2 are upregulated in many invasive cancers. Here, we show that flotillin upregulation triggers a general mechanism, common to carcinoma and sarcoma, which promotes RAB5-dependent MT1-MMP endocytosis and its delivery to RAB7-positive endolysosomal reservoirs. Conversely, flotillin knockdown in invasive cancer cells greatly reduces MT1-MMP accumulation in endolysosomes, its subsequent exocytosis at invadopodia, ECM degradation and cell invasion. Our results demonstrate that flotillin upregulation is necessary and sufficient to promote epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell invasion and ECM degradation by controlling MT1-MMP endocytosis and delivery to the endolysosomal recycling compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Planchon
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Rios Morris
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Mallory Genest
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Lubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Cell Dynamics and Compartmentalization Unit, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, France, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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19
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Flotillins Regulate Focal Adhesions by Interacting with α-Actinin and by Influencing the Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040028. [PMID: 29642469 PMCID: PMC5946105 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell–matrix adhesion and cell migration are physiologically important processes that also play a major role in cancer spreading. In cultured cells, matrix adhesion depends on integrin-containing contacts such as focal adhesions. Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are frequently overexpressed in cancers and are associated with poor survival. Our previous studies have revealed a role for flotillin-2 in cell–matrix adhesion and in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. We here show that flotillins are important for cell migration in a wound healing assay and influence the morphology and dynamics of focal adhesions. Furthermore, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar is enhanced by flotillins. In the absence of flotillins, especially flotillin-2, phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and extracellularly regulated kinase is diminished. Flotillins interact with α-actinin, a major regulator of focal adhesion dynamics. These findings are important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of how flotillin overexpression in cancers may affect cell migration and, especially, enhance metastasis formation.
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20
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Pham DH, Tan CC, Homan CC, Kolc KL, Corbett MA, McAninch D, Fox AH, Thomas PQ, Kumar R, Gecz J. Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) interacts with paraspeckle protein NONO to co-regulate gene expression with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2042-2052. [PMID: 28334947 PMCID: PMC5437529 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo and inherited mutations of X-chromosome cell adhesion molecule protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) cause frequent, highly variable epilepsy, autism, cognitive decline and behavioural problems syndrome. Intriguingly, hemizygous null males are not affected while heterozygous females are, contradicting established X-chromosome inheritance. The disease mechanism is not known. Cellular mosaicism is the likely driver. We have identified p54nrb/NONO, a multifunctional nuclear paraspeckle protein with known roles in nuclear hormone receptor gene regulation, as a PCDH19 protein interacting partner. Using breast cancer cells we show that PCDH19-NONO complex is a positive co-regulator of ERα-mediated gene expression. Expression of mutant PCDH19 affects at least a subset of known ERα-regulated genes. These data are consistent with our findings that genes regulated by nuclear hormone receptors and those involved in the metabolism of neurosteroids in particular are dysregulated in PCDH19-epilepsy girls and affected mosaic males. Overall we define and characterize a novel mechanism of gene regulation driven by PCDH19, which is mediated by paraspeckle constituent NONO and is ERα-dependent. This PCDH19-NONO-ERα axis is of relevance not only to PCDH19-epilepsy and its comorbidities but likely also to ERα and generally nuclear hormone receptor-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen H. Pham
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Chuan C. Tan
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Kristy L. Kolc
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Mark A. Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Dale McAninch
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Archa H. Fox
- School of Human Sciences and School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009 and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Raman Kumar
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5006, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +61 883133245; Fax: +61 881617342;
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Biernatowska A, Augoff K, Podkalicka J, Tabaczar S, Gajdzik-Nowak W, Czogalla A, Sikorski AF. MPP1 directly interacts with flotillins in erythrocyte membrane - Possible mechanism of raft domain formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2203-2212. [PMID: 28865798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Flotillins are prominent, oligomeric protein components of erythrocyte (RBC) membrane raft domains and are considered to play an important structural role in lateral organization of the plasma membrane. In our previous work on erythroid membranes and giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) derived from them we have shown that formation of functional domains (resting state rafts) depends on the presence of membrane palmitoylated protein 1 (MPP1/p55), pointing to its new physiological role. Exploration of the molecular mechanism of MPP1 function in organizing membrane domains described here, through searching for its molecular partners in RBC membrane by using different methods, led to the identification of the raft-marker proteins, flotillin 1 and flotillin 2, as hitherto unreported direct MPP1 binding-partners in the RBC membrane. These proteins are found in high molecular-weight complexes in native RBC membrane and, significantly, their presence was shown to be separate from the well-known protein 4.1-dependent interactions of MPP1 with membrane proteins. Furthermore, FLIM analysis revealed that loss of the endogenous MPP1-flotillins interactions resulted in significant changes in RBC membrane-fluidity, emphasizing the physiological importance of such interactions in vivo. Therefore, our data establish a new perspective on the role of MPP1 in erythroid cells and suggests that direct MPP1-flotillins interactions could be the major driving-force behind the formation of raft domains in RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Podkalicka
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sabina Tabaczar
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Gajdzik-Nowak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroc1aw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Kong DD, Wang MH, Yang J, Li L, Wang W, Wang SB, Zhou YZ. T-cadherin is associated with prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2975-2981. [PMID: 28928835 PMCID: PMC5588130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic impact of T-cadherin expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). On the basis of the results of immunohistochemical analysis, 106 patients with operable TNBC were divided into two groups, the T-cadherin-positive group and T-cadherin-negative group. Fisher's exact and χ2 tests were employed to analyze clinical data, which included the association between T-cadherin expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis. The log-rank test was used to examine the impact of T-cadherin expression on the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were introduced to analyze DFS and OS. Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (58.3, 52.8 and 47.2, respectively; P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047), tumor size >2 cm, grade II and III (Elston-Ellis modification of Bloom-Richardson grading system), and positive lymph node status were significantly more common in the T-cadherin-negative group compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (80.0 vs. 58.3%, 75.7 vs. 52.8% and 67.1 vs. 47.2%, respectively) (P=0.018, P=0.017, and P=0.047). Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group, 5-year DFS and OS levels were significantly lower in the T-cadherin-negative group (Z=6.233, P=0.013; Z=5.366, P=0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that negative T-cadherin expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.009) and OS (P=0.048). The results of the present study indicated that negative T-cadherin expression indicated a worse prognosis for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Gerdøe-Kristensen S, Lund VK, Wandall HH, Kjaerulff O. Mactosylceramide prevents glial cell overgrowth by inhibiting insulin and fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3112-3127. [PMID: 28019653 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling controls key aspects of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival, metabolism, and migration. Deregulated RTK signaling also underlies many cancers. Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are essential elements of the plasma membrane. By affecting clustering and activity of membrane receptors, GSL modulate signal transduction, including that mediated by the RTK. GSL are abundant in the nervous system, and glial development in Drosophila is emerging as a useful model for studying how GSL modulate RTK signaling. Drosophila has a simple GSL biosynthetic pathway, in which the mannosyltransferase Egghead controls conversion of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to mactosylceramide (MacCer). Lack of elongated GSL in egghead (egh) mutants causes overgrowth of subperineurial glia (SPG), largely due to aberrant activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). However, to what extent this effect involves changes in upstream signaling events is unresolved. We show here that glial overgrowth in egh is strongly linked to increased activation of Insulin and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Glial hypertrophy is phenocopied when overexpressing gain-of-function mutants of the Drosophila insulin receptor (InR) and the FGFR homolog Heartless (Htl) in wild type SPG, and is suppressed by inhibiting Htl and InR activity in egh. Knockdown of GlcCer synthase in the SPG fails to suppress glial overgrowth in egh nerves, and slightly promotes overgrowth in wild type, suggesting that RTK hyperactivation is caused by absence of MacCer and not by GlcCer accumulation. We conclude that an early product in GSL biosynthesis, MacCer, prevents inappropriate activation of insulin and fibroblast growth factor receptors in Drosophila glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gerdøe-Kristensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Viktor K Lund
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ole Kjaerulff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Morris EAR, Bodin S, Delaval B, Comunale F, Georget V, Costa ML, Lutfalla G, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillins control zebrafish epiboly through their role in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Biol Cell 2017; 109:210-221. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Rios Morris
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Bénédicte Delaval
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Virginie Georget
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
- MRI-CRBM Imaging facility, CNRS, UMR 5237; Université de Montpellier; Montpellier 34293 France
| | - Manoel L. Costa
- Laboratório de Diferenciação Muscular e Citoesqueleto; Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21949-590 Brazil
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques; Université de Montpellier II et I; CNRS, UMR 5235 Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier; Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer; Montpellier 34293 France
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25
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Völlner F, Ali J, Kurrle N, Exner Y, Eming R, Hertl M, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Loss of flotillin expression results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and Pemphigus vulgaris-like localisation of desmoglein-3 in human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28820. [PMID: 27346727 PMCID: PMC4922016 DOI: 10.1038/srep28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are adhesion plaques that mediate cell-cell adhesion in many tissues, including the epidermis, and generate mechanical resistance to tissues. The extracellular domains of desmosomal cadherin proteins, desmogleins and desmocollins, are required for the interaction with cadherins of the neighbouring cells, whereas their cytoplasmic tails associate with cytoplasmic proteins which mediate connection to intermediate filaments. Disruption of desmosomal adhesion by mutations, autoantibodies or bacterial toxins results in severe human disorders of e.g. the skin and the heart. Despite the vital role of desmosomes in various tissues, the details of their molecular assembly are not clear. We here show that the two members of the flotillin protein family directly interact with the cytoplasmic tails of desmogleins. Depletion of flotillins in human keratinocytes results in weakened desmosomal adhesion and reduced expression of desmoglein-3, most likely due to a reduction in the desmosomal pool due to increased turnover. In the absence of flotillins, desmoglein-3 shows an altered localisation pattern in the cell-cell junctions of keratinocytes, which is highly similar to the localisation observed upon treatment with pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies. Thus, our data show that flotillins, which have previously been connected to the classical cadherins, are also of importance for the desmosomal cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Völlner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jawahir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Exner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Super resolution imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool in the arsenal of methods available to cell biologists. In recognition of its potential, the Nobel Prize for chemistry was awarded to three investigators involved in the development of super resolution imaging methods in 2014. The availability of commercial instruments for super resolution imaging has further spurred the development of new methods and reagents designed to take advantage of super resolution techniques. Super resolution offers the advantages traditionally associated with light microscopy, including the use of gentle fixation and specimen preparation methods, the ability to visualize multiple elements within a single specimen, and the potential to visualize dynamic changes in living specimens over time. However, imaging of living cells over time is difficult and super resolution imaging is computationally demanding. In this review, we discuss the advantages/disadvantages of different super resolution systems for imaging fixed live specimens, with particular regard to cytoskeleton structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zachary T Colburn
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan C R Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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27
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Winship AL, Rainczuk K, Dimitriadis E. Flotillin-1 protein is upregulated in human endometrial cancer and localization shifts from epithelial to stromal with increasing tumor grade. Cancer Invest 2015; 34:26-31. [PMID: 26682635 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1084313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common invasive gynecological malignancy. Flotillin-1 is an integral membrane protein and estrogen responsive gene. Flotillin-1 expression and localization in human endometrial cancers grades 1-3 was investigated using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Flotillin-1 mRNA levels were unchanged in endometrial cancer versus benign endometrium. Flotillin-1 protein was significantly reduced in the epithelial compartment with increasing tumor grade, although levels increased in the tumor stroma across grades. We have identified a novel factor in human endometrial cancer and observed a shift in epithelial to stromal localization with increasing tumor grade in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Louise Winship
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate Rainczuk
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- a Centre for Reproductive Health , Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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28
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Adherens Junctions Revisualized: Organizing Cadherins as Nanoassemblies. Dev Cell 2015; 35:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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29
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Hülsbusch N, Solis GP, Katanaev VL, Stuermer CAO. Reggie-1/Flotillin-2 regulates integrin trafficking and focal adhesion turnover via Rab11a. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:531-45. [PMID: 26299802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reggies/flotillins are implicated in trafficking of membrane proteins to their target sites and in the regulation of the Rab11a-dependent targeted recycling of E-cadherin to adherens junctions (AJs). Here we demonstrate a function of reggies in focal adhesion (FA) formation and α5- and β1-integrin recycling to FAs. Downregulation of reggie-1 in HeLa and A431 cells by siRNA and shRNA increased the number of FAs, impaired their distribution and modified FA turnover. This was coupled to enhanced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rac1 signaling and gain in plasma membrane motility. Wild type and constitutively-active (CA) Rab11a rescued the phenotype (normal number of FAs) whereas dominant-negative (DN) Rab11a mimicked the loss-of-reggie phenotype in control cells. That reggie-1 affects integrin trafficking emerged from the faster loss of internalized antibody-labeled β1-integrin in reggie-deficient cells. Moreover, live imaging using TIRF microscopy revealed vesicles containing reggie-1 and α5- or β1-integrin, trafficking close to the substrate-near membrane and making kiss-and-run contacts with FAs. Thus, reggie-1 in interaction with Rab11a controls Rac1 and FAK activation and coordinates the targeted recycling of α5- and β1-integrins to FAs to regulate FA formation and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hülsbusch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Gonzalo P Solis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Kong DD, Yang J, Li L, Wang W, Chen YN, Wang SB, Zhou YZ. T-cadherin association with clinicopathological features and prognosis in axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:119-26. [PMID: 25677746 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of T-cadherin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. Based on the immunohistochemistry results, all 142 patients with operable axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer were divided into the T-cadherin-negative and T-cadherin-positive groups. Clinical data including the association of T-cadherin expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed using the Chi square test and Fisher's exact test using SPSS 13.0 software. The impact of T-cadherin expression on the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the 5-year overall survival (OS) of these patients was measured using the log-rank test. DFS and OS were analyzed using both Kaplan-Meier function and Cox regression analyses. Compared with the T-cadherin-positive group (55.07, 28.99, and 13.4 %, respectively; P = 0.030, P = 0.0132, and P = 0.009), tumor size >2 cm, lymph-vascular invasion, and pathological stage III disease were seen more frequently in the T-cadherin-negative group (72.60, 49.32, and 31.51 %, respectively). Both 5-year DFS and 5-year OS were poorer in the T-cadherin-negative group than in the T-cadherin-positive group (log-rank test = 9.295, P = 0.002; log-rank test = 5.718, P = 0.017). On multivariate analysis, T-cadherin-negative expression remained an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P = 0.002) but not for OS (P = 0.067). Our results suggested that negative T-cadherin expression has a worse prognosis in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-di Kong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6, Jiankang Road, Jiningy, 272011, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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31
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Abstract
The early mouse embryo is an excellent system to study how a small group of initially rounded cells start to change shape and establish the first forms of adhesion-based cell-cell interactions in mammals in vivo. In addition to its critical role in the structural integrity of the embryo, we discuss here how adhesion is important to regulate cell polarity and cell fate. Recent evidence suggests that adherens junctions participate in signaling pathways by localizing key proteins to subcellular microdomains. E-cadherin has been identified as the main player required for the establishment of adhesion but other mechanisms involving additional proteins or physical forces acting in the embryo may also contribute. Application of new technologies that enable high-resolution quantitative imaging of adhesion protein dynamics and measurements of biomechanical forces will provide a greater understanding of how adhesion patterns the early mammalian embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D White
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas Plachta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Bodin S, Planchon D, Rios Morris E, Comunale F, Gauthier-Rouvière C. Flotillins in intercellular adhesion - from cellular physiology to human diseases. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5139-47. [PMID: 25413346 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.159764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin 1 and 2 are ubiquitous and highly conserved proteins. They were initially discovered in 1997 as being associated with specific caveolin-independent cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains and as being expressed during axon regeneration. Flotillins have a role in a large number of physiopathological processes, mainly through their function in membrane receptor clustering and in the regulation of clathrin-independent endocytosis. In this Commentary, we summarize the research performed so far on the role of flotillins in cell-cell adhesion. Recent studies have demonstrated that flotillins directly regulate the formation of cadherin complexes. Indeed, flotillin microdomains are required for the dynamic association and stabilization of cadherins at cell-cell junctions and also for cadherin signaling. Moreover, because flotillins regulate endocytosis and also the actin cytoskeleton, they could have an indirect role in the assembly and stabilization of cadherin complexes. Because it has also recently been shown that flotillins are overexpressed during neurodegenerative diseases and in human cancers, where their upregulation is associated with metastasis formation and poor prognosis, understanding to what extent flotillin upregulation participates in the development of such pathologies is thus of particular interest, as well as how, at the molecular level, it might affect cell adhesion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bodin
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Planchon
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Rios Morris
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, CRBM, CNRS, UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Ji YJ, Hwang YS, Mood K, Cho HJ, Lee HS, Winterbottom E, Cousin H, Daar IO. EphrinB2 affects apical constriction in Xenopus embryos and is regulated by ADAM10 and flotillin-1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3516. [PMID: 24662724 PMCID: PMC4120273 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eph/ephrin signalling pathways have a critical function in cell adhesion and repulsion, and thus play key roles in various morphogenetic events during development. Here we show that a decrease in ephrinB2 protein causes neural tube closure defects during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Such a decrease in ephrinB2 protein levels is observed on the loss of flotillin-1 scaffold protein, a newly identified ephrinB2-binding partner. This dramatic decline in ephrinB2 protein levels on the absence of flotillin-1 expression is specific, and is partly the result of an increased susceptibility to cleavage by the metalloprotease ADAM10. These findings indicate that flotillin-1 regulates ephrinB2 protein levels through ADAM10, and is required for appropriate neural tube morphogenesis in the Xenopus embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon Ju Ji
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Yoo-Seok Hwang
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Kathleen Mood
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Hee-Jun Cho
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- ABRC, CMRI School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Emily Winterbottom
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Hèléne Cousin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ira O. Daar
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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34
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Bitsikas V, Riento K, Howe JD, Barry NP, Nichols BJ. The role of flotillins in regulating aβ production, investigated using flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- double knockout mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85217. [PMID: 24465508 PMCID: PMC3897416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin 1 and flotillin 2 associate in the plasma membrane to form microdomains that have roles in cell signaling, regulation of cell-cell contacts, membrane-cytoskeletal interactions, and endocytosis. They are thought to be involved in the trafficking and hence processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, APP. In this study we set out to obtain in vivo confirmation of a link between flotillins and cleavage of APP to release amyloidogenic Aβ peptide, and to generate tools that would allow us to ask whether flotillins are functionally redundant. We used a mouse model for Aβ-dependent cerebral amyloidosis, APPPS1 mice, combined with deletion of either flotillin 1 singly, or flotillin 1 and flotillin 2 together. There was a small but significant reduction in Aβ levels, and the abundance of congo-red stained plaques, in brains of 12 week old mice lacking flotillin 1. A similar reduction in Aβ levels was observed in the flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- double knockouts. We did not observe large effects on the clustering or endocytosis of APP in flotillin 1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We conclude that flotillins are likely to play some role in APP trafficking or processing, but the relevant cellular mechanisms require more investigation. The availability of flotillin 1-/-, flotillin 2-/- mice, which have no overt phenotypes, will facilitate research into flotillin function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Bitsikas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsi Riento
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D. Howe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P. Barry
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Nichols
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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35
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Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with a 3-dimensional illumination pattern allows to double image resolution laterally and axially. For cell biologists, SIM may become an attractive tool for refined colocalization studies and to investigate the assembly of components at higher resolution. In this chapter, we focus on the use of a commercial available SIM setup and provide guidance on sample preparation and image acquisition. We present superresolution images of the cytoskeleton in fixed cells and discuss the potential and limitations for SIM in live imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Engel
- Center for Organismal Studies and Nikon Imaging Center, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Kurrle N, Völlner F, Eming R, Hertl M, Banning A, Tikkanen R. Flotillins directly interact with γ-catenin and regulate epithelial cell-cell adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84393. [PMID: 24391950 PMCID: PMC3877284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 are two homologous, membrane raft associated proteins. Although it has been reported that flotillins are involved in cell adhesion processes and play a role during breast cancer progression, thus making them interesting future therapeutic targets, their precise function has not been well elucidated. The present study investigates the function of these proteins in cell-cell adhesion in non-malignant cells. We have used the non-malignant epithelial MCF10A cells to study the interaction network of flotillins within cell-cell adhesion complexes. RNA interference was used to examine the effect of flotillins on the structure of adherens junctions and on the association of core proteins, such as E-cadherin, with membrane rafts. We here show that the cadherin proteins of the adherens junction associate with flotillin-2 in MCF10A cells and in various human cell lines. In vitro, flotillin-1 and flotillin-2 directly interact with γ-catenin which is so far the only protein known to be present both in the adherens junction and the desmosome. Mapping of the interaction domain within the γ-catenin sequence identified the Armadillo domains 6-8, especially ARM domain 7, to be important for the association with flotillins. Furthermore, depletion of flotillins significantly influenced the morphology of the adherens junction in human epithelial MCF10A cells and altered the association of E-cadherin and γ-catenin with membrane rafts. Taken together, these observations suggest a functional role for flotillins, especially flotillin-2, in cell-cell adhesion in non-malignant epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kurrle
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frauke Völlner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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