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Gupta P, Kayal S, Tanimura N, Pothapragada SP, Senapati HK, Devendran P, Fujita Y, Bi D, Das T. Mechanical imbalance between normal and transformed cells drives epithelial homeostasis through cell competition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.27.559723. [PMID: 37961252 PMCID: PMC10635021 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell competition in epithelial tissue eliminates transformed cells expressing activated oncoproteins to maintain epithelial homeostasis. Although the process is now understood to be of mechanochemical origin, direct mechanical characterization and associated biochemical underpinnings are lacking. Here, we employ tissue-scale stress and compressibility measurements and theoretical modeling to unveil a mechanical imbalance between normal and transformed cells, which drives cell competition. In the mouse intestinal epithelium and epithelial monolayer, transformed cells get compacted during competition. Stress microscopy reveals an emergent compressive stress at the transformed loci leading to this compaction. A cell-based self-propelled Voronoi model predicts that this compressive stress originates from a difference in the collective compressibility of the competing populations. A new collective compressibility measurement technique named gel compression microscopy then elucidates a two-fold higher compressibility of the transformed population than the normal population. Mechanistically, weakened cell-cell adhesions due to reduced junctional abundance of E-cadherin in the transformed cells render them collectively more compressible than normal cells. Taken together, our findings unveil a mechanical basis for epithelial homeostasis against oncogenic transformations with implications in epithelial defense against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praver Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sayantani Kayal
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shilpa P. Pothapragada
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
- Present address: Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115. USA
| | - Harish K. Senapati
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
- Present address: Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Padmashree Devendran
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Dapeng Bi
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tamal Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFRH), Hyderabad 500046, India
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2
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Tokumon R, Sebastián I, Humbel BM, Okura N, Yamanaka H, Yamashiro T, Toma C. Degradation of p0071 and p120-catenin during adherens junction disassembly by Leptospira interrogans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1228051. [PMID: 37795382 PMCID: PMC10545952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1228051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans disseminates hematogenously to reach the target organs by disrupting epithelial adherens junctions (AJs), thus causing leptospirosis, which is a globally neglected zoonotic disease. L. interrogans induces E-cadherin (E-cad) endocytosis and cytoskeletal rearrangement during AJ disassembly, but the detailed mechanism remains unknown. Elucidation of AJ disassembly mechanisms will guide new approaches to developing vaccines and diagnostic methods. In this study, we combine proteomic and imaging analysis with chemical inhibition studies to demonstrate that disrupting the AJs of renal proximal tubule epithelial cells involves the degradation of two armadillo repeat-containing proteins, p0071 and p120-catenin, that stabilize E-cad at the plasma membrane. Combining proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors substantially prevented p120-catenin degradation, and monolayer integrity destruction without preventing p0071 proteolysis. In contrast, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK inhibited p0071 proteolysis and displacement of both armadillo repeat-containing proteins from the cell-cell junctions. Our results show that L. interrogans induces p120-catenin and p0071 degradation, which mutually regulates E-cad stability by co-opting multiple cellular degradation pathways. This strategy may allow L. interrogans to disassemble AJs and disseminate through the body efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Tokumon
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M. Humbel
- Provost Office, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamanaka
- Environmental Technology Department, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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3
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Zhu H. Pleiotropic effects of cell competition between normal and transformed cells in mammalian cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1607-1619. [PMID: 35796779 PMCID: PMC9261164 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04143-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the course of tumor progression, cancer clones interact with host normal cells, and these interactions make them under selection pressure all the time. Cell competition, which can eliminate suboptimal cells and optimize organ development via comparison of cell fitness information, is found to take place between host cells and transformed cells in mammals and play important roles in different phases of tumor progression. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge about the roles and corresponding mechanisms of different cell competition interactions between host normal cells and transformed cells involved in mammalian tumor development. METHODS We reviewed the published relevant articles in the Pubmed. RESULTS So far, the role of several cell competition interactions have been well described in the different phases of mammalian tumor genesis and development. While cell competitions for trophic factors and epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) prevent the emergence of transformed cells and suppress carcinogenesis, fitness-fingerprints-comparison system and Myc supercompetitors promote the local expansion of transformed cells after the early tumor lesion is formatted. In addition, various preclinical tumor-suppression models which based on the molecular mechanisms of these competition interactions show potential clinical value of boosting the fitness of host normal cells. CONCLUSION Cell competition between host and transformed cells has pleiotropic effects in mammalian tumor genesis and development. The clarification of specific molecular mechanisms shed light on novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Abstract
Organ development and homeostasis involve dynamic interactions between individual cells that collectively regulate tissue architecture and function. To ensure the highest tissue fidelity, equally fit cell populations are continuously renewed by stochastic replacement events, while cells perceived as less fit are actively removed by their fitter counterparts. This renewal is mediated by surveillance mechanisms that are collectively known as cell competition. Recent studies have revealed that cell competition has roles in most, if not all, developing and adult tissues. They have also established that cell competition functions both as a tumour-suppressive mechanism and as a tumour-promoting mechanism, thereby critically influencing cancer initiation and development. This Review discusses the latest insights into the mechanisms of cell competition and its different roles during embryonic development, homeostasis and cancer.
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5
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Gao Y, Jiao Y, Gong X, Liu J, Xiao H, Zheng Q. Role of transcription factors in apoptotic cells clearance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1110225. [PMID: 36743409 PMCID: PMC9892555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body generates 10-100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells die to maintain homeostasis. The genetically controlled, autonomously ordered cell death mainly proceeds by apoptosis. Apoptosis is an important way of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms, timely and effective elimination of apoptotic cells plays a key role in the growth and development of organisms and the maintenance of homeostasis. During the clearance of apoptotic cells, transcription factors bind to specific target promoters and act as activators or repressors to regulate multiple genes expression, how transcription factors regulate apoptosis is an important and poorly understood aspect of normal development. This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors in the clearance of apoptotic cells to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Xiao
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiao, ; Qian Zheng,
| | - Qian Zheng
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiao, ; Qian Zheng,
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6
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Sieber B, Lu F, Stribbling SM, Grieve AG, Ryan AJ, Freeman M. iRhom2 regulates ERBB signalling to promote KRAS-driven tumour growth of lung cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259949. [PMID: 35971826 PMCID: PMC9482348 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ERBB/EGFR signalling pathway causes multiple types of cancer. Accordingly, ADAM17, the primary shedding enzyme that releases and activates ERBB ligands, is tightly regulated. It has recently become clear that iRhom proteins, inactive members of the rhomboid-like superfamily, are regulatory cofactors for ADAM17. Here, we show that oncogenic KRAS mutants target the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom2 (also known as RHBDF2) to induce ADAM17-dependent shedding and the release of ERBB ligands. Activation of ERK1/2 by oncogenic KRAS induces the phosphorylation of iRhom2, recruitment of the phospho-binding 14-3-3 proteins, and consequent ADAM17-dependent shedding of ERBB ligands. In addition, cancer-associated mutations in iRhom2 act as sensitisers in this pathway by further increasing KRAS-induced shedding of ERBB ligands. This mechanism is conserved in lung cancer cells, where iRhom activity is required for tumour xenograft growth. In this context, the activity of oncogenic KRAS is modulated by the iRhom2-dependent release of ERBB ligands, thus placing the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom2 as a central component of a positive feedback loop in lung cancer cells. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Sieber
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Fangfang Lu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Adam G. Grieve
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Anderson J. Ryan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Matthew Freeman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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7
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Villars A, Matamoro-Vidal A, Levillayer F, Levayer R. Microtubule disassembly by caspases is an important rate-limiting step of cell extrusion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3632. [PMID: 35752632 PMCID: PMC9233712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expulsion of dying epithelial cells requires well-orchestrated remodelling steps to maintain tissue sealing. This process, named cell extrusion, has been mostly analysed through the study of actomyosin regulation. Yet, the mechanistic relationship between caspase activation and cell extrusion is still poorly understood. Using the Drosophila pupal notum, a single layer epithelium where extrusions are caspase-dependent, we showed that the initiation of cell extrusion and apical constriction are surprisingly not associated with the modulation of actomyosin concentration and dynamics. Instead, cell apical constriction is initiated by the disassembly of a medio-apical mesh of microtubules which is driven by effector caspases. Importantly, the depletion of microtubules is sufficient to bypass the requirement of caspases for cell extrusion, while microtubule stabilisation strongly impairs cell extrusion. This study shows that microtubules disassembly by caspases is a key rate-limiting step of extrusion, and outlines a more general function of microtubules in epithelial cell shape stabilisation. Using the Drosophila pupal notum, the authors demonstrate that the disassembly of microtubules by effector caspases initiate cell extrusion independently of actomyosin regulation, thus providing insights into how caspases orchestrate dying epithelial cell expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Villars
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Matamoro-Vidal
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Florence Levillayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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8
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Ngo PA, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Impact of Epithelial Cell Shedding on Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084160. [PMID: 35456978 PMCID: PMC9027054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier acts as a first line of defense in the body, and plays a vital role in nutrition and immunoregulation. A layer of epithelial cells bound together via intercellular junction proteins maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Based on a tight equilibrium between cell extrusion and cell restitution, the renewal of the epithelium (epithelial turnover) permits the preservation of cell numbers. As the last step within the epithelial turnover, cell shedding occurs due to the pressure of cell division and migration from the base of the crypt. During this process, redistribution of tight junction proteins enables the sealing of the epithelial gap left by the extruded cell, and thereby maintains barrier function. Disturbance in cell shedding can create transient gaps (leaky gut) or cell accumulation in the epithelial layer. In fact, numerous studies have described the association between dysregulated cell shedding and infection, inflammation, and cancer; thus epithelial cell extrusion is considered a key defense mechanism. In the gastrointestinal tract, altered cell shedding has been observed in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and appears as a potential cause of barrier loss in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the relevance of this process, there are many unanswered questions regarding cell shedding. The investigation of those mechanisms controlling cell extrusion in the gut will definitely contribute to our understanding of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about intestinal cell shedding under both physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong A. Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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9
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Bastounis EE, Serrano-Alcalde F, Radhakrishnan P, Engström P, Gómez-Benito MJ, Oswald MS, Yeh YT, Smith JG, Welch MD, García-Aznar JM, Theriot JA. Mechanical competition triggered by innate immune signaling drives the collective extrusion of bacterially infected epithelial cells. Dev Cell 2021; 56:443-460.e11. [PMID: 33621492 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens alter their host cells' mechanics to promote dissemination through tissues. Conversely, host cells may respond to the presence of pathogens by altering their mechanics to limit infection. Here, we monitored epithelial cell monolayers infected with intracellular bacterial pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes or Rickettsia parkeri, over days. Under conditions in which these pathogens trigger innate immune signaling through NF-κB and use actin-based motility to spread non-lytically intercellularly, we found that infected cell domains formed three-dimensional mounds. These mounds resulted from uninfected cells moving toward the infection site, collectively squeezing the softer and less contractile infected cells upward and ejecting them from the monolayer. Bacteria in mounds were less able to spread laterally in the monolayer, limiting the growth of the infection focus, while extruded infected cells underwent cell death. Thus, the coordinated forceful action of uninfected cells actively eliminates large domains of infected cells, consistent with this collective cell response representing an innate immunity-driven process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie E Bastounis
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Prathima Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrik Engström
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - María J Gómez-Benito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Mackenzi S Oswald
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Yeh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason G Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matthew D Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - José M García-Aznar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Gentile A, Bensimon-Brito A, Priya R, Maischein HM, Piesker J, Guenther S, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. The EMT transcription factor Snai1 maintains myocardial wall integrity by repressing intermediate filament gene expression. eLife 2021; 10:e66143. [PMID: 34152269 PMCID: PMC8216718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snai1, a well-known regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, has been implicated in early cardiac morphogenesis as well as in cardiac valve formation. However, a role for Snai1 in regulating other aspects of cardiac morphogenesis has not been reported. Using genetic, transcriptomic, and chimeric analyses in zebrafish, we find that Snai1b is required in cardiomyocytes for myocardial wall integrity. Loss of snai1b increases the frequency of cardiomyocyte extrusion away from the cardiac lumen. Extruding cardiomyocytes exhibit increased actomyosin contractility basally as revealed by enrichment of p-myosin and α-catenin epitope α-18, as well as disrupted intercellular junctions. Transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and snai1b mutant hearts revealed the dysregulation of intermediate filament genes, including desmin b (desmb) upregulation. Cardiomyocyte-specific desmb overexpression caused increased cardiomyocyte extrusion, recapitulating the snai1b mutant phenotype. Altogether, these results indicate that Snai1 maintains the integrity of the myocardial epithelium, at least in part by repressing desmb expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentile
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Microscopy Service GroupBad NauheimGermany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing PlatformBad NauheimGermany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
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11
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Sebastián I, Okura N, Humbel BM, Xu J, Hermawan I, Matsuura C, Hall M, Takayama C, Yamashiro T, Nakamura S, Toma C. Disassembly of the apical junctional complex during the transmigration of Leptospira interrogans across polarized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13343. [PMID: 33864347 PMCID: PMC8459228 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to disassemble epithelial cell apical junctional complexes (AJCs) and infect epithelial cells. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection, mainly caused by Leptospira interrogans, and its dissemination across host cell barriers is essential for its pathogenesis. However, the mechanism of bacterial dissemination across epithelial cell barriers remains poorly characterised. In this study, we analysed the interaction of L. interrogans with renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and found that at 24 hr post‐infection, L. interrogans remain in close contact with the plasma membrane of the RPTEC by extracellularly adhering or crawling. Leptospira interrogans cleaved E‐cadherin and induced its endocytosis with release of the soluble N‐terminal fragment into the extracellular medium. Concomitantly, a gradual decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), mislocalisation of AJC proteins (occludin, claudin‐10, ZO‐1, and cingulin) and cytoskeletal rearrangement were observed. Inhibition of clathrin‐mediated E‐cadherin endocytosis prevented the decrease in TEER. We showed that disassembly of AJCs in epithelial cells and transmigration of bacteria through the paracellular route are important for the dissemination of L. interrogans in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Idam Hermawan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Hall
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Replication stress promotes cell elimination by extrusion. Nature 2021; 593:591-596. [PMID: 33953402 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a mechanism of cell elimination that is used by organisms as diverse as sponges, nematodes, insects and mammals1-3. During extrusion, a cell detaches from a layer of surrounding cells while maintaining the continuity of that layer4. Vertebrate epithelial tissues primarily eliminate cells by extrusion, and the dysregulation of cell extrusion has been linked to epithelial diseases, including cancer1,5. The mechanisms that drive cell extrusion remain incompletely understood. Here, to analyse cell extrusion by Caenorhabditis elegans embryos3, we conducted a genome-wide RNA interference screen, identified multiple cell-cycle genes with S-phase-specific function, and performed live-imaging experiments to establish how those genes control extrusion. Extruding cells experience replication stress during S phase and activate a replication-stress response via homologues of ATR and CHK1. Preventing S-phase entry, inhibiting the replication-stress response, or allowing completion of the cell cycle blocked cell extrusion. Hydroxyurea-induced replication stress6,7 triggered ATR-CHK1- and p53-dependent cell extrusion from a mammalian epithelial monolayer. We conclude that cell extrusion induced by replication stress is conserved among animals and propose that this extrusion process is a primordial mechanism of cell elimination with a tumour-suppressive function in mammals.
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13
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Santacreu BJ, Romero DJ, Pescio LG, Tarallo E, Sterin-Speziale NB, Favale NO. Apoptotic cell extrusion depends on single-cell synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158888. [PMID: 33454434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collecting duct cells are physiologically subject to the hypertonic environment of the kidney. This condition is necessary for kidney maturation and function but represents a stress condition that requires active strategies to ensure epithelial integrity. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells develop the differentiated phenotype of collecting duct cells when subject to hypertonicity, serving as a model to study epithelial preservation and homeostasis in this particular environment. The integrity of epithelia is essential to achieve the required functional barrier. One of the mechanisms that ensure integrity is cell extrusion, a process initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to remove dying or surplus cells while maintaining the epithelium barrier. Both types start with the activation of S1P receptor type 2, located in neighboring cells. In this work, we studied the effect of cell differentiation induced by hypertonicity on cell extrusion in MDCK cells, and we provide new insights into the associated molecular mechanism. We found that the different stages of differentiation influence the rate of apoptotic cell extrusion. Besides, we used a novel methodology to demonstrate that S1P increase in extruding cells of differentiated monolayers. These results show for first time that cell extrusion is triggered by the single-cell synthesis of S1P by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), but not SphK1, of the extruding cell itself. Moreover, the inhibition or knockdown of SphK2 prevents cell extrusion and cell-cell junction protein degradation, but not apoptotic nuclear fragmentation. Thus, we propose SphK2 as the biochemical key to ensure the preservation of the epithelial barrier under hypertonic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Jaime Santacreu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Judith Romero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Gisele Pescio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Tarallo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma Beatriz Sterin-Speziale
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicios de Péptidos y Proteínas - Espectrometría de Masa (LANAIS PROEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Octavio Favale
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas "Profesor Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini" (IQUIFIB), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Le AP, Rupprecht JF, Mège RM, Toyama Y, Lim CT, Ladoux B. Adhesion-mediated heterogeneous actin organization governs apoptotic cell extrusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:397. [PMID: 33452264 PMCID: PMC7810754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic extrusion is crucial in maintaining epithelial homeostasis. Current literature supports that epithelia respond to extrusion by forming a supracellular actomyosin purse-string in the neighbors. However, whether other actin structures could contribute to extrusion and how forces generated by these structures can be integrated are unknown. Here, we found that during extrusion, a heterogeneous actin network composed of lamellipodia protrusions and discontinuous actomyosin cables, was reorganized in the neighboring cells. The early presence of basal lamellipodia protrusion participated in both basal sealing of the extrusion site and orienting the actomyosin purse-string. The co-existence of these two mechanisms is determined by the interplay between the cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions. A theoretical model integrates these cellular mechanosensitive components to explain why a dual-mode mechanism, which combines lamellipodia protrusion and purse-string contractility, leads to more efficient extrusion than a single-mode mechanism. In this work, we provide mechanistic insight into extrusion, an essential epithelial homeostasis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Phuong Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-François Rupprecht
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), Paris, France
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), Paris, France.
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15
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Atieh Y, Wyatt T, Zaske AM, Eisenhoffer GT. Pulsatile contractions promote apoptotic cell extrusion in epithelial tissues. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1129-1140.e4. [PMID: 33400921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrusion is a mechanism used to eliminate unfit, excess, or dying cells from epithelial tissues. The initial events guiding which cells will be selectively extruded from the epithelium are not well understood. Here, we induced damage in a subset of epithelial cells in the developing zebrafish and used time-lapse imaging to examine cell and cytoskeletal dynamics leading to extrusion. We show that cell extrusion is preceded by actomyosin contractions that are pulsatile. Our data show that pulsatile contractions are induced by a junctional to medial re-localization of myosin. Analysis of cell area during contractions revealed that cells pulsing with the longest duration and highest amplitude undergo progressive area loss and extrude. Although pulses were driven by local increases in tension, damage to many cells promoted an overall decrease in the tensile state of the epithelium. We demonstrate that caspase activation leads to sphingosine-1-phosphate enrichment that controls both tissue tension and pulses to dictate areas of extrusion. These data suggest that the kinetics of pulsatile contractions define a key behavioral difference between extruding and non-extruding cells and are predictive of extrusion. Altogether, our study provides mechanistic insight into how localized changes in physical forces are coordinated to remove defective cells for homeostatic maintenance of living epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna Atieh
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Wyatt
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS and Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ana Maria Zaske
- Atomic Force Microscopy Service Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George T Eisenhoffer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Aikin TJ, Peterson AF, Pokrass MJ, Clark HR, Regot S. MAPK activity dynamics regulate non-cell autonomous effects of oncogene expression. eLife 2020; 9:e60541. [PMID: 32940599 PMCID: PMC7498266 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large fraction of human cancers contain genetic alterations within the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling network that promote unpredictable phenotypes. Previous studies have shown that the temporal patterns of MAPK activity (i.e. signaling dynamics) differentially regulate cell behavior. However, the role of signaling dynamics in mediating the effects of cancer driving mutations has not been systematically explored. Here, we show that oncogene expression leads to either pulsatile or sustained ERK activity that correlate with opposing cellular behaviors (i.e. proliferation vs. cell cycle arrest, respectively). Moreover, sustained-but not pulsatile-ERK activity triggers ERK activity waves in unperturbed neighboring cells that depend on the membrane metalloprotease ADAM17 and EGFR activity. Interestingly, the ADAM17-EGFR signaling axis coordinates neighboring cell migration toward oncogenic cells and is required for oncogenic cell extrusion. Overall, our data suggests that the temporal patterns of MAPK activity differentially regulate cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects of oncogene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Aikin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins Universtiy School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amy F Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins Universtiy School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael J Pokrass
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins Universtiy School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Helen R Clark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins Universtiy School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins Universtiy School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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17
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Armistead J, Hatzold J, van Roye A, Fahle E, Hammerschmidt M. Entosis and apical cell extrusion constitute a tumor-suppressive mechanism downstream of Matriptase. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132730. [PMID: 31819976 PMCID: PMC7041680 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Armistead et al. show that in a bilayered epithelium in vivo, apical cell extrusion of basal cells is achieved via their engulfment by surface cells. In zebrafish hai1a mutants, this constitutes a tumor-suppressive mechanism, revealing a double face of Matriptase. The type II transmembrane serine protease Matriptase 1 (ST14) is commonly known as an oncogene, yet it also plays an understudied role in suppressing carcinogenesis. This double face is evident in the embryonic epidermis of zebrafish loss-of-function mutants in the cognate Matriptase inhibitor Hai1a (Spint1a). Mutant embryos display epidermal hyperplasia, but also apical cell extrusions, during which extruding outer keratinocytes carry out an entosis-like engulfment and entrainment of underlying basal cells, constituting a tumor-suppressive effect. These counteracting Matriptase effects depend on EGFR and the newly identified mediator phospholipase D (PLD), which promotes both mTORC1-dependent cell proliferation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)–dependent entosis and apical cell extrusion. Accordingly, hypomorphic hai1a mutants heal spontaneously, while otherwise lethal hai1a amorphs are efficiently rescued upon cotreatment with PLD inhibitors and S1P. Together, our data elucidate the mechanisms underlying the double face of Matriptase function in vivo and reveal the potential use of combinatorial carcinoma treatments when such double-face mechanisms are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Armistead
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Hatzold
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna van Roye
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Evelin Fahle
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Nanavati BN, Yap AS, Teo JL. Symmetry Breaking and Epithelial Cell Extrusion. Cells 2020; 9:E1416. [PMID: 32517310 PMCID: PMC7349681 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a striking morphological event found in epithelia and endothelia. It is distinguished by two symmetry-breaking events: a loss of planar symmetry, as cells are extruded in either apical or basal directions; and loss of mechanochemical homogeneity within monolayers, as cells that are fated to be extruded become biochemically and mechanically distinct from their neighbors. Cell extrusion is elicited by many diverse events, from apoptosis to the expression of transforming oncogenes. Does the morphological outcome of extrusion reflect cellular processes that are common to these diverse biological phenomena? To address this question, in this review we compare the progress that has been made in understanding how extrusion is elicited by epithelial apoptosis and cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alpha S. Yap
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (B.N.N.); (J.L.T.)
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19
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Yang YR, Kabir MH, Park JH, Park JI, Kang JS, Ju S, Shin YJ, Lee SM, Lee J, Kim S, Lee KP, Lee SY, Lee C, Kwon KS. Plasma proteomic profiling of young and old mice reveals cadherin-13 prevents age-related bone loss. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8652-8668. [PMID: 32396872 PMCID: PMC7244053 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood exhibits a dynamic flux of proteins that are secreted by the tissues and cells of the body. To identify novel aging-related circulating proteins, we compared the plasma proteomic profiles of young and old mice using tandem mass spectrometry. The expression of 134 proteins differed between young and old mice. We selected seven proteins that were expressed at higher levels in young mice, and confirmed their plasma expression in immunoassays. The plasma levels of anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), cadherin-13 (CDH-13), scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), Dickkopf-related protein 3 (DKK3), periostin, and secretogranin-1 were all confirmed to decrease with age. We then investigated whether any of the secreted proteins influenced bone metabolism and found that CDH-13 inhibited osteoclast differentiation. CDH 13 treatment suppressed the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway in bone marrow-derived macrophages, and intraperitoneal administration of CDH-13 delayed age-related bone loss in the femurs of aged mice. These findings suggest that low plasma CDH-13 expression in aged mice promotes aging-associated osteopenia by facilitating excessive osteoclast formation. Thus, CDH-13 could have therapeutic potential as a protein drug for the prevention of osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Humayun Kabir
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Incepta Vaccine Limited, Dhamrai, Bangladesh
| | - Jin Hee Park
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju Center at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sook Kang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyeong Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Shin
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sun J, Zhang J, Wang D, Shen J. The transcription factor Spalt and human homologue SALL4 induce cell invasion via the dMyc-JNK pathway in Drosophila. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio048850. [PMID: 32098783 PMCID: PMC7104861 DOI: 10.1242/bio.048850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis is a leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanism of cancer cell invasion is of great significance for the treatment of cancer. In human patients, the hyperactivity of transcription factor Spalt-like 4 (SALL4) is sufficient to induce malignant tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we found that when ectopically expressing the Drosophila homologue spalt (sal) or human SALL4 in Drosophila, epithelial cells delaminated basally with penetration of the basal lamina and degradation of the extracellular matrix, which are essential properties of cell invasion. Further assay found that sal/SALL4 promoted cell invasion via dMyc-JNK signaling. Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway through suppressing matrix metalloprotease 1, or basket can achieve suppression of cell invasion. Moreover, expression of dMyc, a suppressor of JNK signaling, dramatically blocked cell invasion induced by sal/SALL4 in the wing disc. These findings reveal a conserved role of sal/SALL4 in invasive cell movement and link the crucial mediator of tumor invasion, the JNK pathway, to SALL4-mediated cancer progression.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junzheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitory and Green Control of Crop Pest, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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21
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22
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Thomas M, Ladoux B, Toyama Y. Desmosomal Junctions Govern Tissue Integrity and Actomyosin Contractility in Apoptotic Cell Extrusion. Curr Biol 2020; 30:682-690.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Wu ZY, Chiu CL, Lo E, Lee YRJ, Yamada S, Lo SH. Hyperactivity of Mek in TNS1 knockouts leads to potential treatments for cystic kidney diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:871. [PMID: 31740667 PMCID: PMC6861224 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cystic kidney disease is the progressive development of multiple fluid-filled cysts that may severely compromise kidney functions and lead to renal failure. TNS1 (tensin-1) knockout mice develop cystic kidneys and die from renal failure. Here, we have established TNS1-knockout MDCK cells and applied 3D culture system to investigate the mechanism leading to cyst formation. Unlike wild-type MDCK cells, which form cysts with a single lumen, TNS1-knockout cysts contain multiple lumens and upregulated Mek/Erk activities. The multiple lumen phenotype and Mek/Erk hyperactivities are rescued by re-expression of wild-type TNS1 but not the TNS1 mutant lacking a fragment essential for its cell–cell junction localization. Furthermore, Mek inhibitor treatments restore the multiple lumens back to single lumen cysts. Mek/Erk hyperactivities are also detected in TNS1-knockout mouse kidneys. Treatment with the Mek inhibitor trametinib significantly reduces the levels of interstitial infiltrates, fibrosis and dilated tubules in TNS1-knockout kidneys. These studies establish a critical role of subcellular localization of TNS1 in suppressing Mek/Erk signaling and maintaining lumenogenesis, and provide potential therapeutic strategies by targeting the Mek/Erk pathway for cystic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Ye Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Chun-Lung Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ethan Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Soichiro Yamada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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25
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Liu Y, Xu GK, Zhang LY, Gao H. Stress-driven cell extrusion can maintain homeostatic cell density in response to overcrowding. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8441-8449. [PMID: 31465066 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues can become overcrowded during proliferation and growth, in which case excessive cells need to be constantly removed. Here, we employed a vertex dynamics model to explore the microscopic mechanisms that govern homeostasis in an overcrowded monolayer of epithelial cells. It is demonstrated that the monolayer under mechanical compression can maintain a constant cell density and an optimal stress level through cell extrusion. Interestingly, cells are always extruded at sites of stress singularity in the monolayer, which may be spontaneously generated through random movements of cell groups near the extruding cells, and the fluctuation of protein molecules aggregating along the cell surface facilitates the restoration of the monolayer to its equilibrium state. Our results provide a foundation to interpret recent experiments as well as shed light on the mechanisms that underlie epithelial development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, SVL, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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26
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Tanimura N, Fujita Y. Epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 63:44-48. [PMID: 31302236 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that cell competition can occur in mammals. In particular, at the initial stage of carcinogenesis, normal epithelial cells are able to recognize the neighboring transformed cells and actively eliminate them from epithelial tissues. This implies that normal epithelia have anti-tumor activity that does not involve immune cells, which is termed epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC). In this review article, we summarize recent advances on the underlying molecular machinery of EDAC. In addition, we also describe the molecular mechanisms by which transformed cells escape from EDAC to promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
Mechanical forces drive the remodeling of tissues during morphogenesis. This relies on the transmission of forces between cells by cadherin-based adherens junctions, which couple the force-generating actomyosin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells. Moreover, components of cadherin adhesions adopt force-dependent conformations that induce changes in the composition of adherens junctions, enabling transduction of mechanical forces into an intracellular response. Cadherin mechanotransduction can mediate reinforcement of cell–cell adhesions to withstand forces but also induce biochemical signaling to regulate cell behavior or direct remodeling of cell–cell adhesions to enable cell rearrangements. By transmission and transduction of mechanical forces, cadherin adhesions coordinate cellular behaviors underlying morphogenetic processes of collective cell migration, cell division, and cell intercalation. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of this central role of cadherin adhesions in force-dependent regulation of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem-Jan Pannekoek
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gloerich
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nishio M, Miyachi Y, Otani J, Tane S, Omori H, Ueda F, Togashi H, Sasaki T, Mak TW, Nakao K, Fujita Y, Nishina H, Maehama T, Suzuki A. Hippo pathway controls cell adhesion and context‐dependent cell competition to influence skin engraftment efficiency. FASEB J 2019; 33:5548-5560. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802005r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
- Division of Cancer GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yousuke Miyachi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
- Division of Cancer GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Junji Otani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Shoji Tane
- Division of Cancer GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hirofumi Omori
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Fumihito Ueda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Hideru Togashi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Lipid BiologyTokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer ResearchPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Kazuwa Nakao
- Medical Innovation CenterGraduate School of MedicineKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Genetic MedicineGraduate School of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringHokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyMedical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular BiologyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe University Kobe Japan
- Division of Cancer GeneticsDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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29
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Khedr MMS, Messaoudi W, Jonnalagadda US, Abdelmotelb AM, Glynne-Jones P, Hill M, Khakoo SI, Abu Hilal M. Generation of functional hepatocyte 3D discoids in an acoustofluidic bioreactor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014112. [PMID: 30867882 PMCID: PMC6404912 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic standing wave systems have previously been used for the generation of 3D constructs for a range of cell types. In the present study, we cultured cells from the human hepatoma Huh7 cell line in a Bulk Acoustic Wave field and studied their viability, their functions, and their response to the anti-cancer drug, 5 Fluorouracil (5FU). We found that cells grown in the acoustofluidic bioreactor (AFB) expressed no reduction in viability up to 6 h of exposure compared to those cultured in a conventional 2D system. In addition, constructs created in the AFB and subsequently cultured outside of it had improved functionality including higher albumin and urea production than 2D or pellet cultures. The viability of Huh7 cells grown in the ultrasound field to 5FU anti-cancer drug was comparable to that of cells cultured in the 2D system, showing rapid diffusion into the aggregate core. We have shown that AFB formed 3D cell constructs have improved functionality over the conventional 2D monolayer and could be a promising model for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogibelrahman M. S. Khedr
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia 41111, Egypt
| | - Walid Messaoudi
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Umesh S. Jonnalagadda
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelmotelb
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta
31527, Egypt
| | - Peter Glynne-Jones
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Martyn Hill
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical
Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Salim I. Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Abu Hilal
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United
Kingdom
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust,
Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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30
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Peres da Silva R, Martins SDT, Rizzo J, Dos Reis FCG, Joffe LS, Vainstein M, Kmetzsch L, Oliveira DL, Puccia R, Goldenberg S, Rodrigues ML, Alves LR. Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) Participates in Vesicle-Mediated RNA Export in Cryptococcus Neoformans. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080400. [PMID: 30096850 PMCID: PMC6115741 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP) is required for polysaccharide secretion and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. In fungal species, extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in the export of polysaccharides, proteins and RNA. In the present work, we investigated if EV-mediated RNA export is functionally connected with GRASP in C. neoformans using a graspΔ mutant. Since GRASP-mediated unconventional secretion involves autophagosome formation in yeast, we included the atg7Δ mutant with defective autophagic mechanisms in our analysis. All fungal strains exported EVs but deletion of GRASP or ATG7 profoundly affected vesicular dimensions. The mRNA content of the graspΔ EVs differed substantially from that of the other two strains. The transcripts associated to the endoplasmic reticulum were highly abundant transcripts in graspΔ EVs. Among non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), tRNA fragments were the most abundant in both mutant EVs but graspΔ EVs alone concentrated 22 exclusive sequences. In general, our results showed that the EV RNA content from atg7Δ and WT were more related than the RNA content of graspΔ, suggesting that GRASP, but not the autophagy regulator Atg7, is involved in the EV export of RNA. This is a previously unknown function for a key regulator of unconventional secretion in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Peres da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | | | - Juliana Rizzo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Flavia C G Dos Reis
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil.
| | - Luna S Joffe
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Marilene Vainstein
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Livia Kmetzsch
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Débora L Oliveira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rosana Puccia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia da Escola Paulista de Medicina-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Goldenberg
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil.
| | - Marcio L Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil.
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil.
| | - Lysangela R Alves
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, PR 81310-020, Brazil.
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31
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Mutations in the Drosophila tricellular junction protein M6 synergize with RasV12 to induce apical cell delamination and invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8358-8363. [PMID: 30061406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807343115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications from metastasis are responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Despite the outsized medical impact of metastasis, remarkably little is known about one of the key early steps of metastasis: departure of a tumor cell from its originating tissue. It is well documented that cellular delamination in the basal direction can induce invasive behaviors, but it remains unknown if apical cell delamination can induce migration and invasion in a cancer context. To explore this feature of cancer progression, we performed a genetic screen in Drosophila and discovered that mutations in the protein M6 synergize with oncogenic Ras to drive invasion following apical delamination without crossing a basement membrane. Mechanistically, we observed that M6-deficient RasV12 clones delaminate as a result of alterations in a Canoe-RhoA-myosin II axis that is necessary for both the delamination and invasion phenotypes. To uncover the cellular roles of M6, we show that it localizes to tricellular junctions in epithelial tissues where it is necessary for the structural integrity of multicellular contacts. This work provides evidence that apical delamination can precede invasion and highlights the important role that tricellular junction integrity can play in this process.
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32
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Sahana J, Nassef MZ, Wehland M, Kopp S, Krüger M, Corydon TJ, Infanger M, Bauer J, Grimm D. Decreased E-Cadherin in MCF7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Forming Multicellular Spheroids Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800015. [PMID: 29785723 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MCF7 human breast cancer cells were cultured under normal gravity (1 g) and on a random positioning machine (RPM) preventing sedimentation. After 2 weeks, adherent 1 g-control and adherent RPM cells (AD) as well as multicellular spheroids (MCS) were harvested. AD and MCS had been exposed to the RPM in the same culture flask. In a subsequent proteome analysis, the majority of the proteins detected showed similar label-free quantification (LFQ) scores in each of the respective subpopulations, but in both AD or MCS cultures, proteins were also found whose LFQs deviated at least twofold from their counterparts in the 1 g-control cells. They included the cell junction protein E-cadherin, which was diminished in MCS cells, where proteins of the E-cadherin autodegradation pathway were enhanced and c-Src (proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase c-Src) was detected. Spheroid formation was prevented by inhibition of c-Src but promoted by antibodies blocking E-cadherin activity. An interaction analysis of the detected proteins that are involved in forming and regulating junctions or adhesion complexes and in E-cadherin autodegradation indicated connections between the two protein groups. This suggests that the balance of proteins that up- or downregulate E-cadherin mediates the tendency of MCF7 cells to form MCS during RPM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.,Gravitational Biology and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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33
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Mechanosensitive adhesion complexes in epithelial architecture and cancer onset. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:42-49. [PMID: 29454273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals from the extracellular space are paramount to coordinate tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Although there is a wide variety of cellular mechanisms involved in transducing extracellular forces, recent literature emphasizes the central role of two main adhesion complexes in epithelial mechanosensitive processes: focal adhesions and adherens junctions. These biomechanical sensors can decode physical signals such as matrix stiffness or intercellular tension into a wide range of coordinated cellular responses, which can impact cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation. Communication between cells and their microenvironment plays a pivotal role both in physiological and pathological conditions. Here we summarize the most recent findings on the biology of these mechanotransduction pathways in epithelial cells, highlighting the extensive amount of biological processes coordinated by cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion complexes.
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34
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Ohsawa S, Vaughen J, Igaki T. Cell Extrusion: A Stress-Responsive Force for Good or Evil in Epithelial Homeostasis. Dev Cell 2018; 44:284-296. [PMID: 29408235 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues robustly respond to internal and external stressors via dynamic cellular rearrangements. Cell extrusion acts as a key regulator of epithelial homeostasis by removing apoptotic cells, orchestrating morphogenesis, and mediating competitive cellular battles during tumorigenesis. Here, we delineate the diverse functions of cell extrusion during development and disease. We emphasize the expanding role for apoptotic cell extrusion in exerting morphogenetic forces, as well as the strong intersection of cell extrusion with cell competition, a homeostatic mechanism that eliminates aberrant or unfit cells. While cell competition and extrusion can exert potent, tumor-suppressive effects, dysregulation of either critical homeostatic program can fuel cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizue Ohsawa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - John Vaughen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive B300, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tatsushi Igaki
- Laboratory of Genetics, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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35
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The ectodomain of cadherin-11 binds to erbB2 and stimulates Akt phosphorylation to promote cranial neural crest cell migration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188963. [PMID: 29190819 PMCID: PMC5708760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, a multi-potent group of cells known as the cranial neural crest (CNC) migrate to form craniofacial structures. Proper migration of these cells requires proteolysis of cell adhesion molecules, such as cadherins. In Xenopus laevis, preventing extracellular cleavage of cadherin-11 impairs CNC migration. However, overexpression of the soluble cleavage product (EC1-3) is capable of rescuing this phenotype. The mechanism by which EC1-3 promotes CNC migration has not been investigated until now. Here we show that EC1-3 stimulates phosphorylation of Akt, a target of PI3K, in X.laevis CNC. Through immunoprecipitation experiments, we determined that EC1-3 interacts with all ErbB receptors, PDGFRα, and FGFR1. Of these receptors, only ErbB2 was able to produce an increase in Akt phosphorylation upon treatment with a recombinant EC1-3. This increase was abrogated by mubritinib, an inhibitor of ErbB2. We were able to recapitulate this decrease in Akt phosphorylation in vivo by knocking down ErbB2 in CNC cells. Knockdown of the receptor also significantly reduced CNC migration in vivo. We confirmed the importance of ErbB2 and ErbB receptor signaling in CNC migration using mubritinib and canertinib, respectively. Mubritinib and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased cell migration while canertinib nearly prevented it altogether. These data show that ErbB2 and Akt are important for CNC migration and implicate other ErbB receptors and Akt-independent signaling pathways. Our findings provide the first example of a functional interaction between the extracellular domain of a type II classical cadherin and growth factor receptors.
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36
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Gómez-Escudero J, Moreno V, Martín-Alonso M, Hernández-Riquer MV, Feinberg T, Colmenar Á, Calvo E, Camafeita E, Martínez F, Oudhoff MJ, Weiss SJ, Arroyo AG. E-cadherin cleavage by MT2-MMP regulates apical junctional signaling and epithelial homeostasis in the intestine. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4013-4027. [PMID: 29061881 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-based intercellular adhesions are essential players in epithelial homeostasis, but their dynamic regulation during tissue morphogenesis and remodeling remain largely undefined. Here, we characterize an unexpected role for the membrane-anchored metalloproteinase MT2-MMP in regulating epithelial cell quiescence. Following co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, the MT2-MMP cytosolic tail was found to interact with the zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) at the apical junctions of polarized epithelial cells. Functionally, MT2-MMP localizes in the apical domain of epithelial cells where it cleaves E-cadherin and promotes epithelial cell accumulation, a phenotype observed in 2D polarized cells as well as 3D cysts. MT2-MMP-mediated cleavage subsequently disrupts apical E-cadherin-mediated cell quiescence resulting in relaxed apical cortical tension favoring cell extrusion and re-sorting of Src kinase activity to junctional complexes, thereby promoting proliferation. Physiologically, MT2-MMP loss of function alters E-cadherin distribution, leading to impaired 3D organoid formation by mouse colonic epithelial cells ex vivo and reduction of cell proliferation within intestinal crypts in vivo Taken together, these studies identify an MT2-MMP-E-cadherin axis that functions as a novel regulator of epithelial cell homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Moreno
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Victoria Hernández-Riquer
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamar Feinberg
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ángel Colmenar
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Camafeita
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in Angiogenesis and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Media from macrophages co-incubated with Enterococcus faecalis induces epithelial cell monolayer reassembly and altered cell morphology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182825. [PMID: 28793333 PMCID: PMC5549984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal exchange between intestinal epithelial cells, microbes and local immune cells is an important mechanism of intestinal homeostasis. Given that intestinal macrophages are in close proximity to both the intestinal epithelium and the microbiota, their pathologic interactions may result in epithelial damage. The present study demonstrates that co-incubation of murine macrophages with E. faecalis strains producing gelatinase (GelE) and serine protease (SprE) leads to resultant condition media (CM) capable of inducing reassembly of primary colonic epithelial cell monolayers. Following the conditioned media (CM) exposure, some epithelial cells are shed whereas adherent cells are observed to undergo dissolution of cell-cell junctions and morphologic transformation with actin cytoskeleton reorganization resulting in flattened and elongated shapes. These cells exhibit marked filamentous filopodia and lamellipodia formation. Cellular reorganization is not observed when epithelial monolayers are exposed to: CM from macrophages co-incubated with E. faecalis GelE/SprE-deficient mutants, CM from macrophages alone, or E. faecalis (GelE/SprE) alone. Flow cytometry analysis reveals increased expression of CD24 and CD44 in cells treated with macrophage/E. faecalis CM. This finding in combination with the appearance colony formation in matrigel demonstrate that the cells treated with macrophage/E. faecalis CM contain a higher proportion progenitor cells compared to untreated control. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for a triangulated molecular dialogue between E. faecalis, macrophages and colonic epithelial cells, which may have important implications for conditions in the gut that involve inflammation, injury or tumorigenesis.
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38
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Maruyama T, Fujita Y. Cell competition in mammals - novel homeostatic machinery for embryonic development and cancer prevention. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 48:106-112. [PMID: 28719866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the multi-cellular community, cells with different properties often compete with each other for survival and space. This process is named cell competition and was originally discovered in Drosophila. Recent studies have revealed that comparable phenomena also occur in mammals under various physiological and pathological conditions. Within the epithelium, normal cells often recognize the presence of the neighboring transformed cells and actively eliminate them from the epithelium; a process termed EDAC (Epithelial Defense Against Cancer). Furthermore, physical force can play a crucial role in the intercellular recognition and elimination of loser cells during cell competition. Further studies are expected to reveal a variety of roles of cell competition in embryonic development and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Maruyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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39
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Duszyc K, Gomez GA, Schroder K, Sweet MJ, Yap AS. In life there is death: How epithelial tissue barriers are preserved despite the challenge of apoptosis. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1345353. [PMID: 28686526 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1345353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a ubiquitous mode of programmed cell death that is found in healthy organs and can be stimulated by many toxic stresses. When it occurs in epithelia, apoptosis presents major challenges to tissue integrity. Apoptotic corpses can promote inflammatory and autoimmune responses if they are retained, and the cellular fragmentation that accompanies apoptosis can potentially compromise the epithelial barrier. Here we discuss 2 homeostatic mechanisms that allow epithelia to circumvent these potential risks: clearance of apoptotic corpses by professional and non-professional phagocytes and physical expulsion of apoptotic cells by apical extrusion. Extrusion and phagocytosis may represent complementary responses that preserve epithelial integrity despite the inevitable challenge of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Duszyc
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- a Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Christou N, Perraud A, Blondy S, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Mathonnet M. The extracellular domain of E cadherin linked to invasiveness in colorectal cancer: a new resistance and relapses monitoring serum-bio marker? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1177-1190. [PMID: 28289897 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple studies have attempted to demonstrate the interest of the cell adhesion marker, E cadherin, as a diagnostic and prognosis marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it was considered non specific. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were carried out with CRC cell lines and patients' cohort operated for CRC. The expression of E cadherin was studied after 5 fluorouracil (5FU) treatment and correlated to CRC relapse, chemo-resistance and survival. RESULTS In CRC cell lines derived from high tumor stages, extracellular domain of E cadherin expression decreased after 5FU treatment whereas it increased in supernatants. Interestingly, only specific cleaved forms at 55 kDa of E cadherin were detected in supernatants. In CRC surgical patients, more importantly concerning extracellular E cadherin domain, a decreased expression was observed in tissues in function of CRC stages whereas an increased expression was found in sera. Moreover, there is an increasing trend of survival with weak serum E cadherin secretion, reinforcing the implication of this protein in CRC evolution. DISCUSSION The extracellular domain can be defined as a 5FU resistance marker and allow CRC monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France. .,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France. .,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Aurélie Perraud
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Blondy
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Laboratoire EA 3842, Homéostasie cellulaire et Pathologies, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Institut Fédératif de Recherche 145 GEIST « Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé et Thérapeutiques », Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.,Service de chirurgie digestive générale et endocrinienne, CHRU de Limoges, 2 rue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France
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41
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Rab5-regulated endocytosis plays a crucial role in apical extrusion of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2327-E2336. [PMID: 28270608 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602349114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging transformed cells are often eliminated from epithelial tissues. Recent studies have revealed that this cancer-preventive process involves the interaction with the surrounding normal epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. In this study, using mammalian cell culture and zebrafish embryo systems, we have elucidated the functional involvement of endocytosis in the elimination of RasV12-transformed cells. First, we show that Rab5, a crucial regulator of endocytosis, is accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal epithelial cells, which is accompanied by up-regulation of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Addition of chlorpromazine or coexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12 cells from the epithelium. We also show in zebrafish embryos that Rab5 plays an important role in the elimination of transformed cells from the enveloping layer epithelium. In addition, Rab5-mediated endocytosis of E-cadherin is enhanced at the boundary between normal and RasV12 cells. Rab5 functions upstream of epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), which plays a positive role in apical extrusion of RasV12 cells by regulating protein kinase A. Furthermore, we have revealed that epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC) from normal epithelial cells substantially impacts on Rab5 accumulation in the neighboring transformed cells. This report demonstrates that Rab5-mediated endocytosis is a crucial regulator for the competitive interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals.
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42
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EMT and stemness: flexible processes tuned by alternative splicing in development and cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:8. [PMID: 28137272 PMCID: PMC5282733 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with metastasis formation as well as with generation and maintenance of cancer stem cells. In this way, EMT contributes to tumor invasion, heterogeneity and chemoresistance. Morphological and functional changes involved in these processes require robust reprogramming of gene expression, which is only partially accomplished at the transcriptional level. Alternative splicing is another essential layer of gene expression regulation that expands the cell proteome. This step in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression tightly controls cell identity between epithelial and mesenchymal states and during stem cell differentiation. Importantly, dysregulation of splicing factor function and cancer-specific splicing isoform expression frequently occurs in human tumors, suggesting the importance of alternative splicing regulation for cancer biology. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of EMT programs in development, stem cell differentiation and cancer progression. Next, we focus on selected examples of key factors involved in EMT and stem cell differentiation that are regulated post-transcriptionally through alternative splicing mechanisms. Lastly, we describe relevant oncogenic splice-variants that directly orchestrate cancer stem cell biology and tumor EMT, which may be envisioned as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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43
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Kocgozlu L, Saw TB, Le AP, Yow I, Shagirov M, Wong E, Mège RM, Lim CT, Toyama Y, Ladoux B. Epithelial Cell Packing Induces Distinct Modes of Cell Extrusions. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2942-2950. [PMID: 27746027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The control of tissue growth, which is a key to maintain the protective barrier function of the epithelium, depends on the balance between cell division and cell extrusion rates [1, 2]. Cells within confluent epithelial layers undergo cell extrusion, which relies on cell-cell interactions [3] and actomyosin contractility [4, 5]. Although it has been reported that cell extrusion is also dependent on cell density [6, 7], the contribution of tissue mechanics, which is tightly regulated by cell density [8-12], to cell extrusion is still poorly understood. By measuring the multicellular dynamics and traction forces, we show that changes in epithelial packing density lead to the emergence of distinct modes of cell extrusion. In confluent epithelia with low cell density, cell extrusion is mainly driven by the lamellipodia-based crawling mechanism in the neighbor non-dying cells in connection with large-scale collective movements. As cell density increases, cell motion is shown to slow down, and the role of a supracellular actomyosin cable formation and its contraction in the neighboring cells becomes the preponderant mechanism to locally promote cell extrusion. We propose that these two distinct mechanisms complement each other to ensure proper cell extrusion depending on the cellular environment. Our study provides a quantitative and robust framework to explain how cell density can influence tissue mechanics and in turn regulate cell extrusion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Kocgozlu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Anh Phuong Le
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Centre for Life Sciences (CeLS), #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Ivan Yow
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Murat Shagirov
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Eunice Wong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E4, #04-08, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore.,Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore.,Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
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44
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Gudipaty SA, Rosenblatt J. Epithelial cell extrusion: Pathways and pathologies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 67:132-140. [PMID: 27212253 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To remove dying or unwanted cells from an epithelium while preserving the barrier function of the layer, epithelia use a unique process called cell extrusion. To extrude, the cell fated to die emits the lipid Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P), which binds the G-protein-coupled receptor Sphingosine 1 Phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) in the neighboring cells that activates Rho-mediated contraction of an actomyosin ring circumferentially and basally. This contraction acts to squeeze the cell out apically while drawing together neighboring cells and preventing any gaps to the epithelial barrier. Epithelia can extrude out cells targeted to die by apoptotic stimuli to repair the barrier in the face of death or extrude live cells to promote cell death when epithelial cells become too crowded. Indeed, because epithelial cells naturally turn over by cell death and division at some of the highest rates in the body, epithelia depend on crowding-induced live cell extrusion to preserve constant cell numbers. If extrusion is defective, epithelial cells rapidly lose contact inhibition and form masses. Additionally, because epithelia act as the first line of defense in innate immunity, preservation of this barrier is critical for preventing pathogens from invading the body. Given its role in controlling constant cell numbers and maintaining barrier function, a number of different pathologies can result when extrusion is disrupted. Here, we review mechanisms and signaling pathways that control epithelial extrusion and discuss how defects in these mechanisms can lead to multiple diseases. We also discuss tactics pathogens have devised to hijack the extrusion process to infect and colonize epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Aravind Gudipaty
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University Of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University Of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Originally identified as Golgi stacking factors in vitro, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein (GRASP) family has been shown to act as membrane tethers with multiple cellular roles. As an update to previous comprehensive reviews of the GRASP family (Giuliani et al., 2011; Vinke et al., 2011; Jarvela and Linstedt, 2012), we outline here the latest findings concerning their diverse roles. New insights into the mechanics of GRASP-mediated tethering come from recent crystal structures. The models of how GRASP65 and GRASP55 tether membranes relate directly to their role in Golgi ribbon formation in mammalian cells and the unlinking of the ribbon at the onset of mitosis. However, it is also clear that GRASPs act outside the Golgi with roles at the ER and ER exit sites (ERES). Furthermore, the proteins of this family display other roles upon cellular stress, especially in mediating unconventional secretion of both transmembrane proteins (Golgi bypass) and cytoplasmic proteins (through secretory autophagosomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands; The Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam D Linstedt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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46
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Hu QP, Kuang JY, Yang QK, Bian XW, Yu SC. Beyond a tumor suppressor: Soluble E-cadherin promotes the progression of cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2804-12. [PMID: 26704932 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. This protein exists in two forms: a membrane-tethered form and a soluble form. Full-length E-cad is membrane tethered. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, E-cad mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. Soluble E-cad (sE-cad) is the extracellular fragment of the protein that is cleaved from the membrane after proteolysis of full-length E-cad. The production of sE-cad undermines adherens junctions, causing a reduction in cell aggregation capacity; furthermore, sE-cad can diffuse into the extracellular environment and the blood. As a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule, sE-cad activates or inhibits multiple signaling pathways and participates in the progression of various types of cancer, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, by promoting invasion and metastasis. This article briefly reviews the role of sE-cad in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and its significance in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kuang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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47
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Wu SK, Lagendijk AK, Hogan BM, Gomez GA, Yap AS. Active contractility at E-cadherin junctions and its implications for cell extrusion in cancer. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:315-22. [PMID: 25590779 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.989127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular contractility regulates tissue cohesion and morphogenesis. In epithelia, E-cadherin adhesion couples the contractile cortices of neighboring cells together to produce tension at junctions that can be transmitted across the epithelium in a planar fashion. We have recently demonstrated that contractility is also patterned in the apical-lateral axis within epithelial junctions. Our findings highlight the role that cytoskeletal regulation plays in controlling the levels of intra-junctional tension. Of note, dysregulation of this apicolateral pattern of tension can drive oncogenic cell extrusion. In this article, we provide a detailed description of the actomyosin cytoskeleton organization during oncogenic extrusion and discuss the implications of cell extrusion in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin K Wu
- a Divisions of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine ; The University of Queensland ; St. Lucia , Brisbane , Australia
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48
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Abdulnour-Nakhoul S, Brown KL, Rabon EC, Al-Tawil Y, Islam MT, Schmieg JJ, Nakhoul NL. Cytoskeletal changes induced by allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptor in esophageal epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12616. [PMID: 26603452 PMCID: PMC4673644 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, plays a role in glandular and fluid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract, and regulates differentiation and proliferation of epithelial cells. We examined the expression of CaSR in normal and pathological conditions of human esophagus and investigated the effect of a CaSR agonist, cinacalcet (CCT), and antagonist, calhex (CHX), on cell growth and cell-cell junctional proteins in primary cultures of porcine stratified squamous esophageal epithelium. We used immunohistochemistry and Western analysis to monitor expression of CaSR and cell-cell adhesion molecules, and MTT assay to monitor cell proliferation in cultured esophageal cells. CCT treatment significantly reduced proliferation, changed the cell shape from polygonal to spindle-like, and caused redistribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, it reduced expression of β-catenin by 35% (P < 0.02) and increased expression of a proteolysis cleavage fragment of E-cadherin, Ecad/CFT2, by 2.3 folds (P < 0.01). On the other hand, CHX treatment enhanced cell proliferation by 27% (P < 0.01), increased the expression of p120-catenin by 24% (P < 0.04), and of Rho, a GTPase involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, by 18% (P < 0.03). In conclusion, CaSR is expressed in normal esophagus as well as in Barrett's, esophageal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Long-term activation of CaSR with CCT disrupted the cadherin-catenin complex, induced cytoskeletal remodeling, actin fiber formation, and redistribution of CaSR to the nuclear area. These changes indicate a significant and complex role of CaSR in epithelial remodeling and barrier function of esophageal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Abdulnour-Nakhoul
- Medicine/Gastroenterology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Karen L Brown
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Edd C Rabon
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Youhanna Al-Tawil
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition-GI for Kids, East Tennessee Children's Hospital, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed T Islam
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - John J Schmieg
- Pathology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nazih L Nakhoul
- South Louisiana Veterans Health Care System (SLVHCS), New Orleans, Louisiana Medicine/Nephrology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
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49
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Kajita M, Fujita Y. EDAC: Epithelial defence against cancer--cell competition between normal and transformed epithelial cells in mammals. J Biochem 2015; 158:15-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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50
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Ohoka A, Kajita M, Ikenouchi J, Yako Y, Kitamoto S, Kon S, Ikegawa M, Shimada T, Ishikawa S, Fujita Y. EPLIN is a crucial regulator for extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:781-9. [PMID: 25609711 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.163113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At the initial stage of carcinogenesis, a mutation occurs in a single cell within a normal epithelial layer. We have previously shown that RasV12-transformed cells are apically extruded from the epithelium when surrounded by normal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Cav-1-containing microdomains and EPLIN (also known as LIMA1) are accumulated in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal cells. We also show that knockdown of Cav-1 or EPLIN suppresses apical extrusion of RasV12-transformed cells, suggesting their positive role in the elimination of transformed cells from epithelia. EPLIN functions upstream of Cav-1 and affects its enrichment in RasV12-transformed cells that are surrounded by normal cells. Furthermore, EPLIN regulates non-cell-autonomous activation of myosin-II and protein kinase A (PKA) in RasV12-transformed cells. In addition, EPLIN substantially affects the accumulation of filamin A, a vital player in epithelial defense against cancer (EDAC), in the neighboring normal cells, and vice versa. These results indicate that EPLIN is a crucial regulator of the interaction between normal and transformed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kajita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuta Yako
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masaya Ikegawa
- Genomics, Proteomics and Biomedical Functions, Department of Life and Medical Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tataramiyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Shimadzu Corporation, Life Science Research Center, 1-3 Kanda, Nishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8448, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
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