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Shi M, Hu B, Hong Y, Wang M, Yao Y. Deep Sea Water Inhibited Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis and Regulated Glucose Homeostasis by Affecting Lipid Metabolism in Db/Db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:245-258. [PMID: 36760598 PMCID: PMC9888305 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s395053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Deep sea water (DSW) is a natural resource rich in minerals, which participates in biological processes such as energy metabolism, regulates serum glucose and lipids levels, and has a certain protective effect on endocrine and metabolism-related diseases. Studies have shown that the improvement of glucose tolerance in diabetic mice by DSW may be associated with the protective effect on the structure and function of pancreatic islets, and the specific mechanism is still unclear. Other studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of fatty acids can lead to apoptosis and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cell, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Down-regulation of plasma fatty acid levels may reduce pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, thereby improving glucose homeostasis. Understanding the specific mechanism of DSW regulating blood glucose is of great significance for its clinical application. METHODS In the present study we used db/db mice as a T2DM model and treated mice with deep ocean mineral concentration (DOMC, a commercial product of DSW) for 4 and 12 weeks. Basic information, serum biochemical indicators, and pathological tissues were gathered for exploration. RESULTS The db/db mice treated with 4 weeks' DOMC (db/db+DOMC) showed decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Tests implied that in adipose tissues, the db/db+DOMC group's lipolysis process was inhibited, and the β-fatty acid oxidation process was promoted. Besides, DOMC reduced lipogenesis and encouraged β-oxidation in the liver, as a result, improved fatty liver in db/db mice. Further measurements showed DOMC improved glucose homeostasis slightly in db/db animals after a 12-week treatment by preventing pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION DOMC inhibited pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and regulated glucose homeostasis in db/db mice by lowering the lipid levels via regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation, lipolysis, and lipogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Meng Wang, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15927407065, Email
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Yao, Department of Nephrology and Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13720379867, Email
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Ren H, Li Y, Han C, Yu Y, Shi B, Peng X, Zhang T, Wu S, Yang X, Kim S, Chen L, Tang C. Pancreatic α and β cells are globally phase-locked. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3721. [PMID: 35764654 PMCID: PMC9240067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+ modulated pulsatile glucagon and insulin secretions by pancreatic α and β cells play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis. However, how α and β cells coordinate to produce various Ca2+ oscillation patterns is still elusive. Using a microfluidic device and transgenic mice, we recorded Ca2+ signals from islet α and β cells, and observed heterogeneous Ca2+ oscillation patterns intrinsic to each islet. After a brief period of glucose stimulation, α and β cells’ oscillations were globally phase-locked. While the activation of α cells displayed a fixed time delay of ~20 s to that of β cells, β cells activated with a tunable period. Moreover, islet α cell number correlated with oscillation frequency. We built a mathematical model of islet Ca2+ oscillation incorporating paracrine interactions, which quantitatively agreed with the experimental data. Our study highlights the importance of cell-cell interaction in generating stable but tunable islet oscillation patterns. The Ca2+ modulated pulsatile glucagon and insulin secretions by pancreatic α and β cells are critical in glucose homeostasis. Here the authors show that the Ca2+ oscillations of α and β cells are phase-locked, and that the oscillation pattern is tuned by paracrine interactions between α and β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Ren
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengsheng Han
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianming Zhang
- Yuanpei College, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sneppen Kim
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Zhang Y, Han C, Zhu W, Yang G, Peng X, Mehta S, Zhang J, Chen L, Liu Y. Glucagon Potentiates Insulin Secretion Via β-Cell GCGR at Physiological Concentrations of Glucose. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092495. [PMID: 34572144 PMCID: PMC8471175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretin-potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is critical to maintaining euglycemia, of which GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) on β-cells plays an indispensable role. Recently, α-cell-derived glucagon but not intestine-derived GLP-1 has been proposed as the critical hormone that potentiates GSIS via GLP-1R. However, the function of glucagon receptors (GCGR) on β-cells remains elusive. Here, using GCGR or GLP-1R antagonists, in combination with glucagon, to treat single β-cells, α-β cell clusters and isolated islets, we found that glucagon potentiates insulin secretion via β-cell GCGR at physiological but not high concentrations of glucose. Furthermore, we transfected primary mouse β-cells with RAB-ICUE (a genetically encoded cAMP fluorescence indicator) to monitor cAMP level after glucose stimulation and GCGR activation. Using specific inhibitors of different adenylyl cyclase (AC) family members, we revealed that high glucose concentration or GCGR activation independently evoked cAMP elevation via AC5 in β-cells, thus high glucose stimulation bypassed GCGR in promoting insulin secretion. Additionally, we generated β-cell-specific GCGR knockout mice which glucose intolerance was more severe when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We further found that β-cell GCGR activation promoted GSIS more than GLP-1R in HFD, indicating the critical role of GCGR in maintaining glucose homeostasis during nutrient overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Chengsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Guoyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0702, USA; (S.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0702, USA; (S.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (Y.Z.); (C.H.); (W.Z.); (G.Y.); (X.P.)
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing 100871, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (Y.L.)
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Vahdatpour T, Nokhodchi A, Zakeri‐Milani P, Mesgari‐Abbasi M, Ahmadi‐Asl N, Valizadeh H. Leucine-glycine and carnosine dipeptides prevent diabetes induced by multiple low-doses of streptozotocin in an experimental model of adult mice. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1177-1188. [PMID: 30710452 PMCID: PMC6717823 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Peptides are considered to be quasi-hormones and effective molecules for regulation of the cells function and prevention of metabolic disorders. Di- and tripeptides gastrointestinal absorption ability have been proposed to prevent diabetes progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Small peptides with different sequences of specific amino acids were synthesized based on a solid phase peptide synthesis protocol, and carnosine (A) and glutathione were examined for the prevention of diabetes induced by multiple low-doses of streptozotocin in mice. RESULTS The peptides A, Leu-Gly (D) and Pro-Pro showed preventive effects on blood glucose elevation and impairment of the signaling and performance of β-cells. The β-cell function assessed by immunofluorescence and blood glucose level in mice exposed to diabetes treated by the peptides A and D was similar to the normal mice. The peptide D prevented bodyweight loss caused by diabetes induction. The use of D and A peptides dramatically prevented the incidence of disruption in β-cells signaling by maintaining the natural balance of intracellular Akt-2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. CONCLUSIONS The results proved that peptide D (Leu-Gly), named Hannaneh, inhibits the bodyweight loss caused by diabetes induction. The Hannaneh and carnosine dipeptides, with preservation of normal β-cell signaling and anti dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, prevented blood glucose increases in mice at risk of diabetes. These dipeptides might be regarded as the pharmaceutical agents for the prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Vahdatpour
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Animal and Veterinary SciencesShabestar Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityShabestarIran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research LaboratorySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Parvin Zakeri‐Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Naser Ahmadi‐Asl
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Zhao J, Zong W, Zhao Y, Gou D, Liang S, Shen J, Wu Y, Zheng X, Wu R, Wang X, Niu F, Wang A, Zhang Y, Xiong JW, Chen L, Liu Y. In vivo imaging of β-cell function reveals glucose-mediated heterogeneity of β-cell functional development. eLife 2019; 8:41540. [PMID: 30694176 PMCID: PMC6395064 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How pancreatic β-cells acquire function in vivo is a long-standing mystery due to the lack of technology to visualize β-cell function in living animals. Here, we applied a high-resolution two-photon light-sheet microscope for the first in vivo imaging of Ca2+activity of every β-cell in Tg (ins:Rcamp1.07) zebrafish. We reveal that the heterogeneity of β-cell functional development in vivo occurred as two waves propagating from the islet mantle to the core, coordinated by islet vascularization. Increasing amounts of glucose induced functional acquisition and enhancement of β-cells via activating calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling. Conserved in mammalians, calcineurin/NFAT prompted high-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of neonatal mouse islets cultured in vitro. However, the reduction in low-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was dependent on optimal glucose but independent of calcineurin/NFAT. Thus, combination of optimal glucose and calcineurin activation represents a previously unexplored strategy for promoting functional maturation of stem cell-derived β-like cells in vitro. When the amount of sugar in our body rises, specialised cells known as β-cells respond by releasing insulin, a hormone that acts on various organs to keep blood sugar levels within a healthy range. These cells cluster in small ‘islets’ inside our pancreas. If the number of working β-cells declines, diseases such as diabetes may appear and it becomes difficult to regulate the amount of sugar in our bodies. Understanding how β-cells normally develop and mature in the embryo could help us learn how to make new ones in the laboratory. In particular, researchers are interested in studying how different body signals, such as blood sugar levels, turn immature β-cells into fully productive cells. However, in mammals, the pancreas and its islets are buried deep inside the embryo and they cannot be observed easily. Here, Zhao et al. circumvented this problem by doing experiments on zebrafish embryos, which are transparent, grow outside their mother’s body, and have pancreatic islets that are similar to the ones found in mammals. A three-dimensional microscopy technique was used to watch individual β-cells activity over long periods, which revealed that the cells start being able to produce insulin at different times. The β-cells around the edge of each islet were the first to have access to blood sugar signals: they gained their hormone-producing role earlier than the cells in the core of an islet, which only sensed the information later on. Zhao et al. then exposed the zebrafish embryos to different amounts of sugar. This showed that there is an optimal concentration of sugar which helps β-cells develop by kick-starting a cascade of events inside the cell. Further experiments confirmed that the same pathway and optimal sugar concentration exist for mammalian islets grown in the laboratory. These findings may help researchers find better ways of making new β-cells to treat diabetic patients. In the future, using the three-dimensional imaging technique in zebrafish embryos may lead to more discoveries on how the pancreas matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,China Department of Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzhou Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runlong Wu
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication System and Networks, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Takasu T, Takakura S. Protective Effect of Ipragliflozin on Pancreatic Islet Cells in Obese Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:761-769. [PMID: 29709913 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ipragliflozin is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that increases urinary glucose excretion and subsequently improves hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To assess the beneficial effect of ipragliflozin on the mass and function of pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions, obese T2DM db/db mice were treated with ipragliflozin for 5 weeks. Glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, pathological changes in pancreatic islet cells and insulin content were evaluated. Pathological examination of pancreatic islet cells comprised measuring the ratios of insulin- and glucagon-positive cells and levels of oxidative stress markers. Hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride levels in ipragliflozin-treated groups were reduced compared to the diabetic control (DM-control) group. Histopathological examination of pancreatic islet cells revealed strong insulin staining and reduced glucagon staining in the ipragliflozin 10 mg/kg-treated group compared with the DM-control group. The ratio of α- to β-cell mass was lower in the ipragliflozin 10 mg/kg-treated group than the DM-control group and was similar to that of the non-diabetic control group. The density of immunostaining for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, an oxidative stress marker, in pancreatic islets was significantly lower in the ipragliflozin 10 mg/kg-treated group than the DM-control group. Pancreatic insulin content tended to be higher in the ipragliflozin-treated groups than the DM-control group. Our findings demonstrate the benefit of ipragliflozin treatment in improving glucolipotoxicity and reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic islet cells. Treatment with ipragliflozin may protect against the progressive loss of islet β-cells in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takasu
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc
| | - Shoji Takakura
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc
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