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Ocampo EH, Nuñez JD, Ribeiro PD, Pérez García M, Bas CC, Luppi TA. Disparate response of decapods to low pH: A meta-analysis of life history, physiology and behavior traits across life stages and environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116293. [PMID: 38537497 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We employed a meta-analysis to determine if the presumed resilience of decapods to ocean acidification extends to all biological aspects, environments, and life stages. Most response categories appeared unaffected by acidification. However, certain fitness-related traits (growth, survival, and, to some extent, calcification) were impacted. Acid-base balance and stress response scaled positively with reductions in pH, which maintains homeostasis, possibly at the cost of other processes. Juveniles were the only stage impacted by acidification, which is believed to reduce recruitment. We observed few differences in responses to acidification among decapods inhabiting contrasting environments. Our meta-analysis shows decapods as a group slightly to moderately sensitive to low pH, with impacts on some biological aspects rather than on all specific life stages or habitats. Although extreme pH scenarios may not occur in the open ocean, coastal and estuarine areas might experience lower pH levels in the near to medium future, posing potential challenges for decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano H Ocampo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Jesus D Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Macarena Pérez García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
| | - Claudia C Bas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Tomas A Luppi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMYC), FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Funes 3350 (4 level) Zoology-Invertebrates Laboratory, Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
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2
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Paredes-Molina FJ, Chaparro OR, Navarro JM, Cubillos VM, Paschke K, Márquez F, Averbuj A, Zabala MS, Bökenhans V, Pechenik JA. Upwelling as a stressor event during embryonic development: Consequences for encapsulated and early juvenile stages of the marine gastropod Acanthina monodon. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106270. [PMID: 38011827 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Upwelling phenomena alter the physical and chemical parameters of the sea's subsurface waters, producing low levels of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, which can seriously impact the early developmental stages of marine organisms. To understand how upwelling can affect the encapsulated development of the gastropod Acanthina monodon, capsules containing embryos at different stages of development (initial, intermediate and advanced) were exposed to upwelling conditions (pH = 7.6; O2 = 3 mg L-1; T° = 9 °C) for a period of 7 days. Effects of treatment were determined by estimating parameters such as time to hatching, number of hatchlings per capsule, percentage of individuals with incomplete development, and shell parameters such as shell shape and size, shell strength, and the percentage of the organic/inorganic content. We found no significant impacts on hatching time, number of hatchlings per capsule, or percentage of incomplete development in either the presence or absence of upwelling, regardless of developmental stage. On the other hand, latent effects on encapsulated stages of A. monodon were detected in embryos that had been exposed to upwelling stress in the initial embryonic stage. The juveniles from this treatment hatched at smaller sizes and with higher organic content in their shells, resulting in a higher resistance to cracking 30 days after hatching, due to greater elasticity. Geometric morphometric analysis showed that exposure to upwelling condition induced a change in the morphology of shell growth in all post-hatching juveniles (0-30 days), regardless of embryonic developmental stage at the time of exposure. Thus, more elongated shells (siphonal canal and posterior region) and more globular shells were observed in newly hatched juveniles that had been exposed to the upwelling condition. The neutral or even positive upwelling exposure results suggests that exposure to upwelling events during the encapsulated embryonic phase of A. monodon development might not have major impacts on the future juvenile stages. However, this should be taken with caution in consideration of the increased frequency and intensity of upwelling events predicted for the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Paredes-Molina
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - O R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J M Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - V M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - K Paschke
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, BASE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - F Márquez
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - A Averbuj
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M S Zabala
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - V Bökenhans
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Biología Integrativa de Invertebrados Marinos (LARBIM)-IBIOMAR, CCT, CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - J A Pechenik
- Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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Martins Medeiros IP, Souza MM. Acid times in physiology: A systematic review of the effects of ocean acidification on calcifying invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116019. [PMID: 37119846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in seawater pH from rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the oceans has been recognized as an important force shaping the future of marine ecosystems. Therefore, numerous studies have reported the effects of ocean acidification (OA) in different compartments of important animal groups, based on field and/or laboratory observations. Calcifying invertebrates have received considerable attention in recent years. In the present systematic review, we have summarized the physiological responses to OA in coral, echinoderm, mollusk, and crustacean species exposed to predicted ocean acidification conditions in the near future. The Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were used for the literature search, and 75 articles were obtained based on the inclusion criteria. Six main physiological responses have been reported after exposure to low pH. Growth (21.6%), metabolism (20.8%), and acid-base balance (17.6%) were the most frequent among the phyla, while calcification and growth were the physiological responses most affected by OA (>40%). Studies show that the reduction of pH in the aquatic environment, in general, supports the maintenance of metabolic parameters in invertebrates, with redistribution of energy to biological functions, generating limitations to calcification, which can have severe consequences for the health and survival of these organisms. It should be noted that the OA results are variable, with inter and/or intraspecific differences. In summary, this systematic review offers important scientific evidence for establishing paradigms in the physiology of climate change in addition to gathering valuable information on the subject and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Porto Martins Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marta Marques Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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4
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Leiva L, Tremblay N, Torres G, Boersma M, Krone R, Giménez L. European Lobster Larval Development and Fitness Under a Temperature Gradient and Ocean Acidification. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809929. [PMID: 35910579 PMCID: PMC9333128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change combined with anthropogenic stressors (e.g. overfishing, habitat destruction) may have particularly strong effects on threatened populations of coastal invertebrates. The collapse of the population of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) around Helgoland constitutes a good example and prompted a large-scale restocking program. The question arises if recruitment of remaining natural individuals and program-released specimens could be stunted by ongoing climate change. We examined the joint effect of ocean warming and acidification on survival, development, morphology, energy metabolism and enzymatic antioxidant activity of the larval stages of the European lobster. Larvae from four independent hatches were reared from stage I to III under a gradient of 10 seawater temperatures (13–24°C) combined with moderate (∼470 µatm) and elevated (∼1160 µatm) seawater pCO2 treatments. Those treatments correspond to the shared socio-economic pathways (SSP), SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 (i.e. the low and the very high greenhouse gas emissions respectively) projected for 2100 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Larvae under the elevated pCO2 treatment had not only lower survival rates, but also significantly smaller rostrum length. However, temperature was the main driver of energy demands with increased oxygen consumption rates and elemental C:N ratio towards warmer temperatures, with a reducing effect on development time. Using this large temperature gradient, we provide a more precise insight on the aerobic thermal window trade-offs of lobster larvae and whether exposure to the worst hypercapnia scenario may narrow it. This may have repercussions on the recruitment of the remaining natural and program-released specimens and thus, in the enhancement success of future lobster stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leiva
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- *Correspondence: Laura Leiva,
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gabriela Torres
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Maarten Boersma
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- FB2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Roland Krone
- Reefauna - Spezialisten für Rifftiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, United Kingdom
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van Belzen J, Fivash GS, Hu Z, Bouma TJ, Herman PMJ. A probabilistic framework for windows of opportunity: the role of temporal variability in critical transitions. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220041. [PMID: 35506213 PMCID: PMC9065964 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of young organisms in harsh environments often requires a window of opportunity (WoO). That is, a short time window in which environmental conditions drop long enough below the hostile average level, giving the organism time to develop tolerance and transition into stable existence. It has been suggested that this kind of establishment dynamics is a noise-induced transition between two alternate states. Understanding how temporal variability (i.e. noise) in environmental conditions affects establishment of organisms is therefore key, yet not well understood or included explicitly in the WoO framework. In this paper, we develop a coherent theoretical framework for understanding when the WoO open or close based on simple dichotomous environmental variation. We reveal that understanding of the intrinsic timescales of both the developing organism and the environment is fundamental to predict if organisms can or cannot establish. These insights have allowed us to develop statistical laws for predicting establishment probabilities based on the period and variance of the fluctuations in naturally variable environments. Based on this framework, we now get a clear understanding of how changes in the timing and magnitude of climate variability or management can mediate establishment chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Fivash
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Zhan Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Pearl River Estuary Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Herman
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Unit of Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
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6
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Bhuiyan MKA, Rodríguez BM, Billah MM, Pires A, Freitas R, Conradi M. Effects of ocean acidification on the biochemistry, physiology and parental transfer of Ampelisca brevicornis (Costa, 1853). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118549. [PMID: 34813884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) has received more attention in the marine research community in recent years than any other topic. Excess carbon dioxide makes the ocean more acidic, threatening marine ecosystems. There has been little research on the impact of OA on crustaceans, particularly on their physiological and potential ecosystem-level consequences. Thus, we investigated the impacts of OA on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the estuarine amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis. Ovigerous amphipods were harvested from nature and maintained in the laboratory to produce juveniles, which were then further reared to obtain the mature adults (F0) and successive offspring (F1). For this study, four pH treatments (pH 8.1, 7.5, 7.0, and 6.5) mimicking future OA were evaluated to understand the physiological and biochemical effects on the organisms. The findings of this study suggest that A. brevicornis is more vulnerable to OA than was previously established in short-term trials. The survival was significantly reduced as pH decreased over time and a significant interaction between pH and time was observed. Survival was higher in F1 than in F0 juveniles and vice versa in terms of growth. Animal's physiological responses such as growth, burrowing behavior, locomotor activity, swimming speed, ventilation rate and reproductive performance were negatively influenced by acidification. These physiological characteristics can be linked to the oxidative stress induced by global change conditions because excess of free radicals degrade cell functioning, affecting species' biochemical and physiological performance. These alterations may have long-term negative impacts, with ecological consequences. The results of this study provide baseline information regarding the effect of OA on this keystone crustacean that may be useful in simulating the impacts of OA to develop different conceptual models for a better understanding of the consequences and implications of climate change in the future for managing marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Khurshid Alam Bhuiyan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Belén Marín Rodríguez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Inter-Departmental Research Centre for Environmental Science-CIRSA, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, Italy
| | - Adilia Pires
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Conradi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Araújo-Silva CL, Sarmento VC, Santos PJP. Climate change scenarios of increased CO 2 and temperature affect a coral reef peracarid (Crustacea) community. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 173:105518. [PMID: 34763317 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of applying scenarios of increasing CO2 and temperature, using a mesocosm experiment, on the structure of a macrofaunal coral reef peracarid community were investigated for the first time. Samples were taken from artificial substrate units (ASUs), colonized by macrofauna from the coral reef subtidal zone of Serrambi beach (Brazil). In the laboratory, the ASUs were exposed to a Control (Ctrl) treatment and three climate change Scenarios (Sc) (increase of T° of 0.6, 2, and 3 °C, and pH drop of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7 units for Sc I, II and III respectively), and were collected after 15 and 29 days of exposure. Our results showed that the effect of different temperature and acidity levels under experimental climate change scenarios significantly impacted density, diversity and community structure. Major differences were observed when applying Sc II and III. Peracarida also showed a reduction in specimen number when comparing both exposure times. Overall, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea and Isopoda communities all displayed a reduction in the number of individuals for both scenarios and exposure time factors, while Cumacea responded negatively in all scenarios, suggesting that these individuals were more sensitive to the experimental conditions. Dissimilarities were greatest between the Ctrl and Sc III, particularly after 29 days. Two species, Elasmopus longipropodus (Amphipoda) and Chondrochelia dubia (Tanaidacea), greatly contributed to these dissimilarities. This study demonstrates that even an intermediate level of increasing ocean temperature and acidification will negatively impact the structure of the Peracarida macrofaunal community on coral reefs. Also demonstrates that different species of Peracarida exhibit divergent response patterns, highlighting the specific responses of these taxa to the impacts of environmental stressors. These outcomes highlight the importance of studying the effects of climate change on benthic peracarids, especially because they incubate their eggs. This characteristic can reduce migration potential and thereby reduces the individual's ability to disperse in response to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina L Araújo-Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Visnu C Sarmento
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Paulo J P Santos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-420, Brazil.
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Meyer AD, Hastings A, Largier JL. Larvae of coastal marine invertebrates enhance their settling success or benefits of planktonic development – but not both – through vertical swimming. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Meyer
- Dept of Mathematics, Univ. of California‐Davis Davis CA USA
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Dept of Environmental Science and Policy, Univ. of California‐Davis Davis CA USA
- Santa Fe Inst. Santa Fe NM USA
| | - John L. Largier
- Dept of Environmental Science and Policy, Univ. of California‐Davis Davis CA USA
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Inst., Univ. of California‐Davis Bodega Bay CA USA
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Lin W, Lu J, Yao H, Lu Z, He Y, Mu C, Wang C, Shi C, Ye Y. Elevated pCO 2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of rearing seawater microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117615. [PMID: 34171732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mean oceanic CO2 values have already risen and are expected to rise further on a global scale. Elevated pCO2 (eCO2) changes the bacterial community in seawater. However, the ecological association of seawater microbiota and related geochemical functions are largely unknown. We provide the first evidence that eCO2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of microbiota in rearing seawater of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Network analysis showed that eCO2 induced a simpler and more modular bacterial network in rearing seawater, with increased negative associations and distinct keystone taxa. Using the quantitative microbial element cycling method, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling genes exhibited the highest increase after one week of eCO2 stress and were significantly associated with keystone taxa. However, the functional potential of seawater bacteria was decoupled from their taxonomic composition and strongly coupled with eCO2 levels. The changed functional potential of seawater bacteria contributed to seawater N and P chemistry, which was highlighted by markedly decreased NH3, NH4+-N, and PO43--P levels and increased NO2--N and NO3--N levels. This study suggests that eCO2 alters the interaction patterns and functional potentials of seawater microbiota, which lead to the changes of seawater chemical parameters. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of eCO2 on marine animals from the microbial ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Yimin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.
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10
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Stein W, Harzsch S. The Neurobiology of Ocean Change - insights from decapod crustaceans. ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125887. [PMID: 33445148 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented rate of carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere has led to increased warming, acidification and oxygen depletion in the world's oceans, with projected impacts also on ocean salinity. In this perspective article, we highlight potential impacts of these factors on neuronal responses in decapod crustaceans. Decapod crustaceans comprise more than 8,800 marine species which have colonized a wide range of habitats that are particularly affected by global ocean change, including estuarine, intertidal, and coastal areas. Many decapod species have large economic value and high ecological importance because of their global invasive potential and impact on local ecosystems. Global warming has already led to considerable changes in decapod species' behavior and habitat range. Relatively little is known about how the decapod nervous system, which is the ultimate driver of all behaviors, copes with environmental stressors. We use select examples to summarize current findings and evaluate the impact of current and expected environmental changes. While data indicate a surprising robustness against stressors like temperature and pH, we find that only a handful of species have been studied and long-term effects on neuronal activity remain mostly unknown. A further conclusion is that the combined effects of multiple stressors are understudied. We call for greater research efforts towards long-term effects on neuronal physiology and expansion of cross-species comparisons to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stein
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Normal, IL 61790, USA.
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, D-17498 Greifswald, Germany.
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11
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Gravinese PM, Page HN, Butler CB, Spadaro AJ, Hewett C, Considine M, Lankes D, Fisher S. Ocean acidification disrupts the orientation of postlarval Caribbean spiny lobsters. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18092. [PMID: 33093550 PMCID: PMC7581715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic inputs into coastal ecosystems are causing more frequent environmental fluctuations and reducing seawater pH. One such ecosystem is Florida Bay, an important nursery for the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. Although adult crustaceans are often resilient to reduced seawater pH, earlier ontogenetic stages can be physiologically limited in their tolerance to ocean acidification on shorter time scales. We used a Y-maze chamber to test whether reduced-pH seawater altered the orientation of spiny lobster pueruli toward chemical cues produced by Laurencia spp. macroalgae, a known settlement cue for the species. We tested the hypothesis that pueruli conditioned in reduced-pH seawater would be less responsive to Laurencia spp. chemical cues than pueruli in ambient-pH seawater by comparing the proportion of individuals that moved to the cue side of the chamber with the proportion that moved to the side with no cue. We also recorded the amount of time (sec) before a response was observed. Pueruli conditioned in reduced-pH seawater were less responsive and failed to select the Laurencia cue. Our results suggest that episodic acidification of coastal waters might limit the ability of pueruli to locate settlement habitats, increasing postsettlement mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Gravinese
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, 33801, USA.
| | - Heather N Page
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA.,Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Casey B Butler
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 33050, USA
| | - Angelo Jason Spadaro
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Marathon, FL, 33050, USA.,Department of Marine Science and Technology, The College of the Florida Keys, Key West, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Clay Hewett
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Megan Considine
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - David Lankes
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Elizabeth Moore International Center for Coral Reef Research and Restoration, Summerland Key, FL, 33042, USA
| | - Samantha Fisher
- Mote Marine Laboratory and Aquarium, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
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12
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Lin W, Ren Z, Mu C, Ye Y, Wang C. Effects of Elevated pCO 2 on the Survival and Growth of Portunus trituberculatus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:750. [PMID: 32754046 PMCID: PMC7367060 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the response of Portunus trituberculatus to ocean acidification (OA) is critical to understanding the future development of this commercially important Chinese crab species. Recent studies have reported negative effects of OA on crustaceans. Here, we subjected swimming crabs to projected oceanic CO2 levels (current: 380 μatm; 2100: 750 μatm; 2200: 1500 μatm) for 4 weeks and analyzed the effects on survival, growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, immune function, tissue metabolites, and gut bacteria of the crabs and on seawater bacteria. We integrated these findings to construct a structural equation model to evaluate the contribution of these variables to the survival and growth of swimming crabs. Reduced crab growth shown under OA is significantly correlated with changes in gut, muscle, and hepatopancreas metabolites whereas enhanced crab survival is significantly associated with changes in the carbonate system, seawater and gut bacteria, and activities of antioxidative and digestive enzymes. In addition, seawater bacteria appear to play a central role in the digestion, stress response, immune response, and metabolism of swimming crabs and their gut bacteria. We predict that if anthropogenic CO2 emissions continue to rise, future OA could lead to severe alterations in antioxidative, immune, and metabolic functions and gut bacterial community composition in the swimming crabs through direct oxidative stress and/or indirect seawater bacterial roles. These effects appear to mediate improved survival, but at the cost of growth of the swimming crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
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13
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Mohan PM, Swathi V. Intertidal Biodiversity and Their Response to Climatic Variables, Temperature and pH—What We Know. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/ojms.2020.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Bogan SN, McMahon JB, Pechenik JA, Pires A. Legacy of Multiple Stressors: Responses of Gastropod Larvae and Juveniles to Ocean Acidification and Nutrition. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 236:159-173. [PMID: 31167086 DOI: 10.1086/702993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification poses a significant threat to calcifying invertebrates by negatively influencing shell deposition and growth. An organism's performance under ocean acidification is not determined by the susceptibility of one single life-history stage, nor is it solely controlled by the direct physical consequences of ocean acidification. Shell development by one life-history stage is sometimes a function of the pH or pCO2 levels experienced during earlier developmental stages. Furthermore, environmental factors such as access to nutrition can buffer organismal responses of calcifying invertebrates to ocean acidification, or they can function as a co-occurring stressor when access is low. We reared larvae and juveniles of the planktotrophic marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata through combined treatments of nutritional stress and low pH, and we monitored how multiple stressors endured during the larval stage affected juvenile performance. Shell growth responded non-linearly to decreasing pH, significantly declining between pH 7.6 and pH 7.5 in larvae and juveniles. Larval rearing at pH 7.5 reduced juvenile growth as a carryover effect. Larval rearing at pH 7.6 reduced subsequent juvenile growth despite the absence of a negative impact on larval growth, demonstrating a latent effect. Low larval pH magnified the impact of larval nutritional stress on competence for metamorphosis and increased carryover effects of larval nutrition on juvenile growth. Trans-life-cycle effects of larval nutrition were thus modulated by larval exposure to ocean acidification.
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15
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No compromise between metabolism and behavior of decorator crabs in reduced pH conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6262. [PMID: 31000765 PMCID: PMC6472338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine calcifiers experience metabolic costs when exposed to experimental ocean acidification conditions, potentially limiting the energy available to support regulatory processes and behaviors. Decorator crabs expend energy on decoration camouflage and may face acute trade-offs under environmental stress. We hypothesized that under reduced pH conditions, decorator crabs will be energy limited and allocate energy towards growth and calcification at the expense of decoration behavior. Decorator crabs, Pelia tumida, were exposed to ambient (8.01) and reduced (7.74) pH conditions for five weeks. Half of the animals in each treatment were given sponge to decorate with. Animals were analyzed for changes in body mass, exoskeleton mineral content (Ca and Mg), organic content (a proxy for metabolism), and decoration behavior (sponge mass and percent cover). Overall, decorator crabs showed no signs of energy limitation under reduced pH conditions. Exoskeleton mineral content, body mass, and organic content of crabs remained the same across pH and decoration treatments, with no effect of reduced pH on decoration behavior. Despite being a relatively inactive, osmoconforming species, Pelia tumida is able to maintain multiple regulatory processes and behavior when exposed to environmental pH stress, which underscores the complexity of responses within Crustacea to ocean acidification conditions.
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16
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Menu-Courey K, Noisette F, Piedalue S, Daoud D, Blair T, Blier PU, Azetsu-Scott K, Calosi P. Energy metabolism and survival of the juvenile recruits of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) exposed to a gradient of elevated seawater pCO 2. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 143:111-123. [PMID: 30477878 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the last pelagic larval stage to the first benthic juvenile stage in the complex life cycle of marine invertebrates, such as the American lobster Homarus americanus, a species of high economic importance, represents a delicate phase in these species development. Under future elevated pCO2 conditions, ocean acidification and other elevated pCO2 events can negatively affect crustaceans. This said their effects on the benthic settlement phase are virtually unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of elevated seawater pCO2 on stage V American lobsters exposed to seven pCO2 levels. The survival, development time, metabolic and feeding rates, carapace composition, and energy metabolism enzyme function were investigated. Results suggested an increase in mortality, slower development and an increase in aerobic capacity with increasing pCO2. Our study points to potential reduction in juvenile recruitment success as seawater pCO2 increases, thus foreshadowing important socio-economic repercussions for the lobster fisheries and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Menu-Courey
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Fanny Noisette
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Piedalue
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dounia Daoud
- Homarus Inc, 408 Rue Main, Shediac, NB, E4P 2G1, Canada; EcoNov Inc, 540 Ch. Gorge Road, Moncton, NB, E1G 3H8, Canada
| | - Tammy Blair
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Saint Andrews Biological Station, 125 Marine Science Dr, Saint Andrews, NB, E5B 0E4, Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Kumiko Azetsu-Scott
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.
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17
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Pandori LLM, Sorte CJB. The weakest link: sensitivity to climate extremes across life stages of marine invertebrates. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. M. Pandori
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine CA 92697‐2525 USA
| | - Cascade J. B. Sorte
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California 321 Steinhaus Hall Irvine CA 92697‐2525 USA
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18
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Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS, Tschiptschin AP, Turra A. Vulnerability of juvenile hermit crabs to reduced seawater pH and shading. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:130-140. [PMID: 30316461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple simultaneous stressors induced by anthropogenic activities may amplify their impacts on marine organisms. The effects of ocean acidification, in combination with other anthropogenic impacts (apart from temperature) are poorly understood, especially in coastal regions. In these areas, shading caused by infrastructure development, such as harbor construction, may potentially interact with CO2-induced pH reduction and affect invertebrate populations. Here, we evaluated the effects of reduced pH (7.6) and shading (24h in darkness) on mortality, growth, calcification and displacement behavior to live predator (danger signal) and dead gastropod (resource availability signal) odors using juveniles of the hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis collected in Araçá Bay (São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil). After a 98 day experimental period, both stressors had a significant interaction effect on mortality, and an additive effect on total growth. No difference in calcification was recorded among treatments, indicating that individuals were able to maintain calcification under reduced pH conditions. When exposed to odor of live predators, crab responses were only affected by shading. However, an interactive effect between both stressors was observed in response to gastropod odor, leading to reduced displacement behavior. This study shows how local disturbance impacts may enhance the effects of global environmental change on intertidal crustacean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Nagata Ragagnin
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ian Donald McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew St, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Anglesey, United Kingdom.
| | - Wellington Silva Fernandez
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André Paulo Tschiptschin
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2463, 05508-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Jellison BM, Ninokawa AT, Hill TM, Sanford E, Gaylord B. Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.0890. [PMID: 27358371 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organism-level effects of ocean acidification (OA) are well recognized. Less understood are OA's consequences for ecological species interactions. Here, we examine a behaviourally mediated predator-prey interaction within the rocky intertidal zone of the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean, using it as a model system to explore OA's capacity to impair invertebrate anti-predator behaviours more broadly. Our system involves the iconic sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, that elicits flee responses in numerous gastropod prey. We examine, in particular, the capacity for OA-associated reductions in pH to alter flight behaviours of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, an often-abundant and well-studied grazer in the system. We assess interactions between these species at 16 discrete levels of pH, quantifying the full functional response of Tegula under present and near-future OA conditions. Results demonstrate the disruption of snail anti-predator behaviours at low pH, with decreases in the time individuals spend in refuge locations. We also show that fluctuations in pH, including those typical of rock pools inhabited by snails, do not materially change outcomes, implying little capacity for episodically benign pH conditions to aid behavioural recovery. Together, these findings suggest a strong potential for OA to induce cascading community-level shifts within this long-studied ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron T Ninokawa
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Tessa M Hill
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric Sanford
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian Gaylord
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, 2099 Westshore Road, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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20
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Turner LM, Ricevuto E, Massa Gallucci A, Lorenti M, Gambi MC, Calosi P. Metabolic responses to high pCO 2 conditions at a CO 2 vent site in juveniles of a marine isopod species assemblage. MARINE BIOLOGY 2016; 163:211. [PMID: 27729710 PMCID: PMC5030223 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We are starting to understand the relationship between metabolic rate responses and species' ability to respond to exposure to high pCO2. However, most of our knowledge has come from investigations of single species. The examination of metabolic responses of closely related species with differing distributions around natural elevated CO2 areas may be useful to inform our understanding of their adaptive significance. Furthermore, little is known about the physiological responses of marine invertebrate juveniles to high pCO2, despite the fact they are known to be sensitive to other stressors, often acting as bottlenecks for future species success. We conducted an in situ transplant experiment using juveniles of isopods found living inside and around a high pCO2 vent (Ischia, Italy): the CO2 'tolerant' Dynamene bifida and 'sensitive' Cymodoce truncata and Dynamene torelliae. This allowed us to test for any generality of the hypothesis that pCO2 sensitive marine invertebrates may be those that experience trade-offs between energy metabolism and cellular homoeostasis under high pCO2 conditions. Both sensitive species were able to maintain their energy metabolism under high pCO2 conditions, but in C. truncata this may occur at the expense of [carbonic anhydrase], confirming our hypothesis. By comparison, the tolerant D. bifida appeared metabolically well adapted to high pCO2, being able to upregulate ATP production without recourse to anaerobiosis. These isopods are important keystone species; however, given they differ in their metabolic responses to future pCO2, shifts in the structure of the marine ecosystems they inhabit may be expected under future ocean acidification conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M. Turner
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elena Ricevuto
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology Centre, 80121 Ischia, Naples Italy
| | - Alexia Massa Gallucci
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology Centre, 80121 Ischia, Naples Italy
| | - Maurizio Lorenti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology Centre, 80121 Ischia, Naples Italy
| | - Maria-Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Dohrn - Benthic Ecology Centre, 80121 Ischia, Naples Italy
| | - Piero Calosi
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA UK
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1 Canada
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21
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Armstrong EJ, Stillman JH. Construction and Characterization of Two Novel Transcriptome Assemblies in the Congeneric Porcelain Crabs Petrolisthes cinctipes and P. manimaculis. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:1092-1102. [PMID: 27375271 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans have commonly been used as non-model systems in basic biological research, especially physiological regulation. With the recent and rapid adoption of functional genomic tools, crustaceans are increasingly becoming model systems for ecological investigations of development and evolution and for mechanistic examinations of genotype-phenotype interactions and molecular pathways of response to environmental stressors. Comparative transcriptomic approaches, however, remain constrained by a lack of sequence data in closely related crustacean taxa. We identify challenges in the use of functional genomics tools in comparative analysis among decapod crustacean in light of recent advances. We present RNA-seq data from two congeneric species of porcelain crabs (Petrolisthes cinctipes and P. manimaculis) used to construct two de novo transcriptome assemblies with ∼194K and ∼278K contigs, respectively. We characterize and contrast these assemblies and compare them to a previously generated EST sequence library for P. cinctipes We also discuss the potential use of these data as a case-study system in the broader context of crustacean comparative transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Armstrong
- *Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA .,Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Jonathon H Stillman
- *Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Bldg, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3152 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
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22
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Gunderson AR, Armstrong EJ, Stillman JH. Multiple Stressors in a Changing World: The Need for an Improved Perspective on Physiological Responses to the Dynamic Marine Environment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2016; 8:357-78. [PMID: 26359817 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) fluctuate through time in most marine environments, sometimes passing intensity thresholds that induce physiological stress. Depending on habitat and season, the peak intensity of different abiotic stressors can occur in or out of phase with one another. Thus, some organisms are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously, whereas others experience them sequentially. Understanding these physicochemical dynamics is critical because how organisms respond to multiple stressors depends on the magnitude and relative timing of each stressor. Here, we first discuss broad patterns of covariation between stressors in marine systems at various temporal scales. We then describe how these dynamics will influence physiological responses to multi-stressor exposures. Finally, we summarize how multi-stressor effects are currently assessed. We find that multi-stressor experiments have rarely incorporated naturalistic physicochemical variation into their designs, and emphasize the importance of doing so to make ecologically relevant inferences about physiological responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Gunderson
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
| | - Eric J Armstrong
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
| | - Jonathon H Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, California 94920;
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23
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Li S, Liu C, Huang J, Liu Y, Zheng G, Xie L, Zhang R. Interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism in the mussel Mytilus edulis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3623-31. [PMID: 26417015 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seawater acidification and warming resulting from anthropogenic production of carbon dioxide are increasing threats to marine ecosystems. Previous studies have documented the effects of either seawater acidification or warming on marine calcifiers; however, the combined effects of these stressors are poorly understood. In our study, we examined the interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide partial pressure (P(CO2)) and temperature on biomineralization and amino acid content in an ecologically and economically important mussel, Mytilus edulis. Adult M. edulis were reared at different combinations of P(CO2) (pH 8.1 and 7.8) and temperature (19, 22 and 25°C) for 2 months. The results indicated that elevated P(CO2) significantly decreased the net calcification rate, the calcium content and the Ca/Mg ratio of the shells, induced the differential expression of biomineralization-related genes, modified shell ultrastructure and altered amino acid content, implying significant effects of seawater acidification on biomineralization and amino acid metabolism. Notably, elevated temperature enhanced the effects of seawater acidification on these parameters. The shell breaking force significantly decreased under elevated P(CO2), but the effect was not exacerbated by elevated temperature. The results suggest that the interactive effects of seawater acidification and elevated temperature on mussels are likely to have ecological and functional implications. This study is therefore helpful for better understanding the underlying effects of changing marine environments on mussels and other marine calcifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Li
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangjia Liu
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guilan Zheng
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongqing Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Deep Sea Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Paganini AW, Miller NA, Stillman JH. Temperature and acidification variability reduce physiological performance in the intertidal zone porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:3974-80. [PMID: 25392458 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We show here that increased variability of temperature and pH synergistically negatively affects the energetics of intertidal zone crabs. Under future climate scenarios, coastal ecosystems are projected to have increased extremes of low tide-associated thermal stress and ocean acidification-associated low pH, the individual or interactive effects of which have yet to be determined. To characterize energetic consequences of exposure to increased variability of pH and temperature, we exposed porcelain crabs, Petrolisthes cinctipes, to conditions that simulated current and future intertidal zone thermal and pH environments. During the daily low tide, specimens were exposed to no, moderate or extreme heating, and during the daily high tide experienced no, moderate or extreme acidification. Respiration rate and cardiac thermal limits were assessed following 2.5 weeks of acclimation. Thermal variation had a larger overall effect than pH variation, though there was an interactive effect between the two environmental drivers. Under the most extreme temperature and pH combination, respiration rate decreased while heat tolerance increased, indicating a smaller overall aerobic energy budget (i.e. a reduced O2 consumption rate) of which a larger portion is devoted to basal maintenance (i.e. greater thermal tolerance indicating induction of the cellular stress response). These results suggest the potential for negative long-term ecological consequences for intertidal ectotherms exposed to increased extremes in pH and temperature due to reduced energy for behavior and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Paganini
- Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Nathan A Miller
- Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Jonathon H Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences, Building no. 3140, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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Small DP, Calosi P, Boothroyd D, Widdicombe S, Spicer JI. Stage-Specific Changes in Physiological and Life-History Responses to Elevated Temperature and Pco2 during the Larval Development of the European Lobster Homarus gammarus (L.). Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:494-507. [PMID: 26658247 DOI: 10.1086/682238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An organism's physiological processes form the link between its life-history traits and the prevailing environmental conditions, especially in species with complex life cycles. Understanding how these processes respond to changing environmental conditions, thereby affecting organismal development, is critical if we are to predict the biological implications of current and future global climate change. However, much of our knowledge is derived from adults or single developmental stages. Consequently, we investigated the metabolic rate, organic content, carapace mineralization, growth, and survival across each larval stage of the European lobster Homarus gammarus, reared under current and predicted future ocean warming and acidification scenarios. Larvae exhibited stage-specific changes in the temperature sensitivity of their metabolic rate. Elevated Pco2 increased C∶N ratios and interacted with elevated temperature to affect carapace mineralization. These changes were linked to concomitant changes in survivorship and growth, from which it was concluded that bottlenecks were evident during H. gammarus larval development in stages I and IV, the transition phases between the embryonic and pelagic larval stages and between the larval and megalopa stages, respectively. We therefore suggest that natural changes in optimum temperature during ontogeny will be key to larvae survival in a future warmer ocean. The interactions of these natural changes with elevated temperature and Pco2 significantly alter physiological condition and body size of the last larval stage before the transition from a planktonic to a benthic life style. Thus, living and growing in warm, hypercapnic waters could compromise larval lobster growth, development, and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Small
- Biology Department, St. Francis Xavier University, 2320 Notre Dame Avenue, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada; 2Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Davy Building, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; 3National Lobster Hatchery, South Quay, Padstow, Cornwall PL28 8BL, United Kingdom; 4Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom; 5Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The change in oceanic carbonate chemistry due to increased atmospheric PCO2 has caused pH to decline in marine surface waters, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). The effects of OA on organisms have been shown to be widespread among diverse taxa from a wide range of habitats. The majority of studies of organismal response to OA are in short-term exposures to future levels of PCO2. From such studies, much information has been gathered on plastic responses organisms may make in the future that are beneficial or harmful to fitness. Relatively few studies have examined whether organisms can adapt to negative-fitness consequences of plastic responses to OA. We outline major approaches that have been used to study the adaptive potential for organisms to OA, which include comparative studies and experimental evolution. Organisms that inhabit a range of pH environments (e.g. pH gradients at volcanic CO2 seeps or in upwelling zones) have great potential for studies that identify adaptive shifts that have occurred through evolution. Comparative studies have advanced our understanding of adaptation to OA by linking whole-organism responses with cellular mechanisms. Such optimization of function provides a link between genetic variation and adaptive evolution in tuning optimal function of rate-limiting cellular processes in different pH conditions. For example, in experimental evolution studies of organisms with short generation times (e.g. phytoplankton), hundreds of generations of growth under future conditions has resulted in fixed differences in gene expression related to acid–base regulation. However, biochemical mechanisms for adaptive responses to OA have yet to be fully characterized, and are likely to be more complex than simply changes in gene expression or protein modification. Finally, we present a hypothesis regarding an unexplored area for biochemical adaptation to ocean acidification. In this hypothesis, proteins and membranes exposed to the external environment, such as epithelial tissues, may be susceptible to changes in external pH. Such biochemical systems could be adapted to a reduced pH environment by adjustment of weak bonds in an analogous fashion to biochemical adaptation to temperature. Whether such biochemical adaptation to OA exists remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon H. Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Adam W. Paganini
- Romberg Tiburon Center, Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
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Miller SH, Zarate S, Smith EH, Gaylord B, Hosfelt JD, Hill TM. Effect of elevated pCO2 on metabolic responses of porcelain crab (Petrolisthes cinctipes) Larvae exposed to subsequent salinity stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109167. [PMID: 25295878 PMCID: PMC4189924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Future climate change is predicted to alter the physical characteristics of oceans and estuaries, including pH, temperature, oxygen, and salinity. Investigating how species react to the influence of such multiple stressors is crucial for assessing how future environmental change will alter marine ecosystems. The timing of multiple stressors can also be important, since in some cases stressors arise simultaneously, while in others they occur in rapid succession. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevated pCO2 on oxygen consumption by larvae of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes when exposed to subsequent salinity stress. Such an exposure mimics how larvae under future acidified conditions will likely experience sudden runoff events such as those that occur seasonally along portions of the west coast of the U.S. and in other temperate systems, or how larvae encounter hypersaline waters when crossing density gradients via directed swimming. We raised larvae in the laboratory under ambient and predicted future pCO2 levels (385 and 1000 µatm) for 10 days, and then moved them to seawater at ambient pCO2 but with decreased, ambient, or elevated salinity, to monitor their respiration. While larvae raised under elevated pCO2 or exposed to stressful salinity conditions alone did not exhibit higher respiration rates than larvae held in ambient conditions, larvae exposed to elevated pCO2 followed by stressful salinity conditions consumed more oxygen. These results show that even when multiple stressors act sequentially rather than simultaneously, they can retain their capacity to detrimentally affect organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth H. Miller
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sonia Zarate
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edmund H. Smith
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Gaylord
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica D. Hosfelt
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Geology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tessa M. Hill
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Geology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Pfister CA, Esbaugh AJ, Frieder CA, Baumann H, Bockmon EE, White MM, Carter BR, Benway HM, Blanchette CA, Carrington E, McClintock JB, McCorkle DC, McGillis WR, Mooney TA, Ziveri P. Detecting the unexpected: a research framework for ocean acidification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:9982-9994. [PMID: 25084232 DOI: 10.1021/es501936p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The threat that ocean acidification (OA) poses to marine ecosystems is now recognized and U.S. funding agencies have designated specific funding for the study of OA. We present a research framework for studying OA that describes it as a biogeochemical event that impacts individual species and ecosystems in potentially unexpected ways. We draw upon specific lessons learned about ecosystem responses from research on acid rain, carbon dioxide enrichment in terrestrial plant communities, and nitrogen deposition. We further characterize the links between carbon chemistry changes and effects on individuals and ecosystems, and enumerate key hypotheses for testing. Finally, we quantify how U.S. research funding has been distributed among these linkages, concluding that there is an urgent need for research programs designed to anticipate how the effects of OA will reverberate throughout assemblages of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Pfister
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Punt AE, Poljak D, Dalton MG, Foy RJ. Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields and profits: The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reusch TBH. Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants. Evol Appl 2014; 7:104-22. [PMID: 24454551 PMCID: PMC3894901 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
I summarize marine studies on plastic versus adaptive responses to global change. Due to the lack of time series, this review focuses largely on the potential for adaptive evolution in marine animals and plants. The approaches were mainly synchronic comparisons of phenotypically divergent populations, substituting spatial contrasts in temperature or CO2 environments for temporal changes, or in assessments of adaptive genetic diversity within populations for traits important under global change. The available literature is biased towards gastropods, crustaceans, cnidarians and macroalgae. Focal traits were mostly environmental tolerances, which correspond to phenotypic buffering, a plasticity type that maintains a functional phenotype despite external disturbance. Almost all studies address coastal species that are already today exposed to fluctuations in temperature, pH and oxygen levels. Recommendations for future research include (i) initiation and analyses of observational and experimental temporal studies encompassing diverse phenotypic traits (including diapausing cues, dispersal traits, reproductive timing, morphology) (ii) quantification of nongenetic trans-generational effects along with components of additive genetic variance (iii) adaptive changes in microbe-host associations under the holobiont model in response to global change (iv) evolution of plasticity patterns under increasingly fluctuating environments and extreme conditions and (v) joint consideration of demography and evolutionary adaptation in evolutionary rescue approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten B H Reusch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology - Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes Kiel, Germany
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Styf HK, Nilsson Sköld H, Eriksson SP. Embryonic response to long-term exposure of the marine crustacean Nephrops norvegicus to ocean acidification and elevated temperature. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5055-65. [PMID: 24455136 PMCID: PMC3892368 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, our oceans have gradually become warmer and more acidic. To better understand the consequences of this, there is a need for long-term (months) and multistressor experiments. Earlier research demonstrates that the effects of global climate change are specific to species and life stages. We exposed berried Norway lobsters (Nephrops norvegicus), during 4 months to the combination of six ecologically relevant temperatures (5-18°C) and reduced pH (by 0.4 units). Embryonic responses were investigated by quantifying proxies for development rate and fitness including: % yolk consumption, mean heart rate, rate of oxygen consumption, and oxidative stress. We found no interactions between temperature and pH, and reduced pH only affected the level of oxidative stress significantly, with a higher level of oxidative stress in the controls. Increased temperature and % yolk consumed had positive effects on all parameters except on oxidative stress, which did not change in response to temperature. There was a difference in development rate between the ranges of 5-10°C (Q 10: 5.4) and 10-18°C (Q 10: 2.9), implicating a thermal break point at 10°C or below. No thermal limit to a further increased development rate was found. The insensitivity of N. norvegicus embryos to low pH might be explained by adaptation to a pH-reduced external habitat and/or internal hypercapnia during incubation. Our results thus indicate that this species would benefit from global warming and be able to withstand the predicted decrease in ocean pH in the next century during their earliest life stages. However, future studies need to combine low pH and elevated temperature treatments with hypoxia as hypoxic events are frequently and increasingly occurring in the habitat of benthic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Styf
- The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Helen Nilsson Sköld
- The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Susanne P Eriksson
- The Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg Kristineberg 566, SE-451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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Carter HA, Ceballos-Osuna L, Miller NA, Stillman JH. Impact of ocean acidification on metabolism and energetics during early life stages of the intertidal porcelain crab Petrolisthes cinctipes. J Exp Biol 2013; 216:1412-22. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.078162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Absorption of elevated atmospheric CO2 is causing surface ocean pH to decline, a process known as ocean acidification (OA). To date, few studies have assessed the physiological impacts of OA on early life-history stages of intertidal organisms, which transition from habitats with fluctuating pH (intertidal zone) to relatively stable (pelagic zone) pH environments. We used the intertidal crab Petrolisthes cinctipes to determine whether metabolic responses to year 2300 predictions for OA vary among early developmental stages and to examine whether the effects were more pronounced in larval stages developing in the open ocean. Oxygen consumption rate, total protein, dry mass, total lipids and C/N were determined in late-stage embryos, zoea I larvae and newly settled juveniles reared in ambient pH (7.93±0.06) or low pH (7.58±0.06). After short-term exposure to low pH, embryos displayed 11% and 6% lower metabolism and dry mass, respectively, which may have an associated bioenergetic cost of delayed development to hatching. However, metabolic responses appeared to vary among broods, suggesting significant parental effects among the offspring of six females, possibly a consequence of maternal state during egg deposition and genetic differences among broods. Larval and juvenile metabolism were not affected by acute exposure to elevated CO2. Larvae contained 7% less nitrogen and C/N was 6% higher in individuals reared at pH 7.58 for 6 days, representing a possible switch from lipid to protein metabolism under low pH; the metabolic switch appears to fully cover the energetic cost of responding to elevated CO2. Juvenile dry mass was unaffected after 33 days exposure to low pH seawater. Increased tolerance to low pH in zoea I larvae and juvenile stages may be a consequence of enhanced acid–base regulatory mechanisms, allowing greater compensation of extracellular pH changes and thus preventing decreases in metabolism after exposure to elevated PCO2. The observed variation in responses of P. cinctipes to decreased pH in the present study suggests the potential for this species to adapt to future declines in near-shore pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Carter
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Lina Ceballos-Osuna
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Nathan A. Miller
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - Jonathon H. Stillman
- Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Valley Life Sciences Building no. 3140, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
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Stead N. COPING WITH OCEAN ACIDIFICATION. J Exp Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.086728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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