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Sparks DM, Rajeev E, Canestrelli A, Liao JC. Swimming kinematics of rainbow trout behind cylinder arrays: the effect of vortex street periodicity and turbulence kinetic energy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.15.589564. [PMID: 38659755 PMCID: PMC11042337 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.15.589564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fish in the wild often contend with complex flows that are produced by natural and artificial structures. Research into fish interactions with turbulence often investigates metrics such as turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) or fish positional location, with less attention paid to the specific interactions between vortex organization and body swimming kinematics. Here we compare the swimming kinematics of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) holding station in flows produced by two different 3 x 5 cylinder arrays. We systematically utilized computational fluid dynamics to generate one array that produced a Kármán vortex street with high vortex periodicity and TKE (KVS array), and another that produced low periodicity and TKE, similar to a parallel vortex street (PVS array). The only difference in swimming kinematics between cylinder arrays was an increased tail beat amplitude in the KVS array. In both cylinder arrays, the tail beat frequency decreased and snout amplitude increased compared with the freestream. The center of mass amplitude was greater in the PVS array than in only the freestream, however, suggesting some buffeting of the body by the fluid. Notably, we did not observe Kármán gaiting in the KVS array as in previous studies. We hypothesize that this is because (1) vorticity was dissipated in the region where fish held station in this study and (2) cylinder arrays produced vortices that were in-line rather than staggered. These results are the first to quantify the kinematics and behavior of fishes swimming in the wake of multiple cylinder arrays, which has important implications for biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and fisheries management. SUMMARY STATEMENT The swimming kinematics of rainbow trout are largely preserved across two, 3 x 5 cylinder array treatments that differed in vortex periodicity and turbulence kinetic energy.
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Venuto A, Thibodeau-Beganny S, Trapani JG, Erickson T. A sensation for inflation: initial swim bladder inflation in larval zebrafish is mediated by the mechanosensory lateral line. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523756. [PMID: 36712117 PMCID: PMC9882242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Larval zebrafish achieve neutral buoyancy by swimming up to the surface and taking in air through their mouths to inflate their swim bladders. We define this behavior as 'surfacing'. Little is known about the sensory basis for this underappreciated behavior of larval fish. A strong candidate is the mechanosensory lateral line, a hair cell-based sensory system that detects hydrodynamic information from sources like water currents, predators, prey, and surface waves. However, a role for the lateral line in mediating initial inflation of the swim bladder has not been reported. To explore the connection between the lateral line and surfacing, we utilized a genetic mutant (lhfpl5b-/-) that renders the zebrafish lateral line insensitive to mechanical stimuli. We observe that approximately half of these lateral line mutants over-inflate their swim bladders during initial inflation and become positively buoyant. Thus, we hypothesize that larval zebrafish use their lateral line to moderate interactions with the air-water interface during surfacing to regulate swim bladder inflation. To test the hypothesis that lateral line defects are responsible for swim bladder over-inflation, we show exogenous air is required for the hyperinflation phenotype and transgenic rescue of hair cell function restores normal inflation. We also find that chemical ablation of anterior lateral line hair cells in wild type larvae causes hyperinflation. Furthermore, we show that manipulation of lateral line sensory information results in abnormal inflation. Finally, we report spatial and temporal differences in the surfacing behavior between wild type and lateral line mutant larvae. In summary, we propose a novel sensory basis for achieving neutral buoyancy where larval zebrafish use their lateral line to sense the air-water interface and regulate initial swim bladder inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Venuto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Josef G. Trapani
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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3
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Porfiri M, Zhang P, Peterson SD. Hydrodynamic model of fish orientation in a channel flow. eLife 2022; 11:75225. [PMID: 35666104 PMCID: PMC9292998 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, scientists have sought to understand how fish orient against an incoming flow, even without visual and flow cues. Here, we elucidate a potential hydrodynamic mechanism of rheotaxis through the study of the bidirectional coupling between fish and the surrounding fluid. By modeling a fish as a vortex dipole in an infinite channel with an imposed background flow, we establish a planar dynamical system for the cross-stream coordinate and orientation. The system dynamics captures the existence of a critical flow speed for fish to successfully orient while performing cross-stream, periodic sweeping movements. Model predictions are examined in the context of experimental observations in the literature on the rheotactic behavior of fish deprived of visual and lateral line cues. The crucial role of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions unveiled by this model points at an overlooked limitation of existing experimental paradigms to study rheotaxis in the laboratory. One fascinating and perplexing fact about fish is that they tend to orient themselves and swim against the flow, rather than with it. This phenomenon is called rheotaxis, and it has countless examples, from salmon migrating upstream to lay their eggs to trout drift-foraging in a current. Yet, despite over a century of experimental studies, the mechanisms underlying rheotaxis remain poorly understood. There is general consensus that fish rely on water- and body-motion cues to vision, vestibular, tactile, and other senses. However, several questions remain unanswered, including how blind fish can perform rheotaxis or whether a passive hydrodynamic mechanism can support the phenomenon. One aspect that has been overlooked in studies of rheotaxis is the bidirectional hydrodynamic interaction between the fish and the surrounding flow, that is, how the presence of the fish alters the flow, which, in turn, affects the fish. To address these open questions about rheotaxis, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson wanted to develop a mathematical model of fish swimming, one that could help understand the passive hydrodynamic pathway that leads to swimming against a flow. Unlike experiments on live animals, a mathematical model offers the ability to remove cues to certain senses without interfering with animal behavior. Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson modeled a fish as a pair of vortices located infinitely close to each other, rotating in opposite directions with the same strength. The vortex pair could freely move through an infinitely long channel with an imposed background flow, devoid of all sensory information expect of that accessed through the lateral line. Analyzing the resulting system revealed that there is a critical speed for the background flow above which the fish successfully orients itself against the flow, resulting in rheotaxis. This critical speed depends on the width of the channel the fish is swimming in. Depriving the fish of sensory information received through the lateral line does not preclude rheotaxis, indicating that rheotaxis could emerge in a completely passive manner. The finding that the critical speed for rheotaxis depends on channel width could improve the design of experiments studying the phenomenon, since this effect could confound experiments where fish are confined in narrow channels. In this vein, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson’s model could assist biologists in designing experiments detailing the multisensory nature of rheotaxis. Evidence of the importance of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions on fish orientation may also inform modeling research on fish behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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4
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Suriyampola PS, Iruri‐Tucker AA, Padilla‐Veléz L, Enriquez A, Shelton DS, Martins EP. Small increases in group size improve small shoals' response to water flow in zebrafish. J Zool (1987) 2021; 316:271-281. [PMID: 35814943 PMCID: PMC9269864 DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Social context may influence the perception of sensory cues and the ability to display refined behavioral responses. Previous work suggests that effective responses to environmental cues can be contingent on having a sufficient number of individuals in a group. Thus, the changes in group size may have profound impacts, particularly on the behavior of small social groups. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio), here we examined how changes in group size influence the ability to respond to changes in water flow. We found that fish in relatively larger groups displayed stronger rheotaxis even when comparing pairs of fish with groups of four fish, indicating that a small increase in group size can enhance the responsiveness to environmental change. Individual fish in relatively larger groups also spent less time in the energetically costly leading position compared to individuals in pairs, indicating that even a small increase in group size may provide energetic benefits. We also found that the shoal cohesion was dependent on the size of the group but within a given group size, shoal cohesion did not vary with flow rate. Our study highlights that even a small change in group size could significantly affect the way social fish respond to the changes in water flow, which could be an important attribute that shapes the resilience of social animals in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Suriyampola
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | - A. A. Iruri‐Tucker
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | - L. Padilla‐Veléz
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | - A. Enriquez
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior Indiana University Bloomington IN USA
| | - D. S. Shelton
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - E. P. Martins
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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5
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Burbano-L. DA, Porfiri M. Modeling multi-sensory feedback control of zebrafish in a flow. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008644. [PMID: 33481795 PMCID: PMC7857640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how animals navigate complex environments is a fundamental challenge in biology and a source of inspiration for the design of autonomous systems in engineering. Animal orientation and navigation is a complex process that integrates multiple senses, whose function and contribution are yet to be fully clarified. Here, we propose a data-driven mathematical model of adult zebrafish engaging in counter-flow swimming, an innate behavior known as rheotaxis. Zebrafish locomotion in a two-dimensional fluid flow is described within the finite-dipole model, which consists of a pair of vortices separated by a constant distance. The strength of these vortices is adjusted in real time by the fish to afford orientation and navigation control, in response to of the multi-sensory input from vision, lateral line, and touch. Model parameters for the resulting stochastic differential equations are calibrated through a series of experiments, in which zebrafish swam in a water channel under different illumination conditions. The accuracy of the model is validated through the study of a series of measures of rheotactic behavior, contrasting results of real and in-silico experiments. Our results point at a critical role of hydromechanical feedback during rheotaxis, in the form of a gradient-following strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Burbano-L.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Center for Urban Sciences and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- * E-mail:
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Coombs S, Bak-Coleman J, Montgomery J. Rheotaxis revisited: a multi-behavioral and multisensory perspective on how fish orient to flow. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/23/jeb223008. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.223008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Here, we review fish rheotaxis (orientation to flow) with the goal of placing it within a larger behavioral and multisensory context. Rheotaxis is a flexible behavior that is used by fish in a variety of circumstances: to search for upstream sources of current-borne odors, to intercept invertebrate drift and, in general, to conserve energy while preventing downstream displacement. Sensory information available for rheotaxis includes water-motion cues to the lateral line and body-motion cues to visual, vestibular or tactile senses when fish are swept downstream. Although rheotaxis can be mediated by a single sense, each sense has its own limitations. For example, lateral line cues are limited by the spatial characteristics of flow, visual cues by water visibility, and vestibular and other body-motion cues by the ability of fish to withstand downstream displacement. The ability of multiple senses to compensate for any single-sense limitation enables rheotaxis to persist over a wide range of sensory and flow conditions. Here, we propose a mechanism of rheotaxis that can be activated in parallel by one or more senses; a major component of this mechanism is directional selectivity of central neurons to broad patterns of water and/or body motions. A review of central mechanisms for vertebrate orienting behaviors and optomotor reflexes reveals several motorsensory integration sites in the CNS that could be involved in rheotaxis. As such, rheotaxis provides an excellent opportunity for understanding the multisensory control of a simple vertebrate behavior and how a simple motor act is integrated with others to form complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Coombs
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Biological Sciences and JP Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Joe Bak-Coleman
- University of Washington, Center for an Informed Public and eScience Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Montgomery
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Marine Science, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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7
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Davis SN, Wu P, Camci ED, Simon JA, Rubel EW, Raible DW. Chloroquine kills hair cells in zebrafish lateral line and murine cochlear cultures: Implications for ototoxicity. Hear Res 2020; 395:108019. [PMID: 32768772 PMCID: PMC7345387 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hearing and balance deficits have been reported during and following treatment with the antimalarial drug chloroquine. However, experimental work examining the direct actions of chloroquine on mechanoreceptive hair cells in common experimental models is lacking. This study examines the effects of chloroquine on hair cells using two common experimental models: the zebrafish lateral line and neonatal mouse cochlear cultures. Zebrafish larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine for 1 h or 24 h, and hair cells assessed by antibody staining. A significant, dose-dependent reduction in the number of surviving hair cells was seen across conditions for both exposure periods. Hydroxychloroquine showed similar toxicity. In mouse cochlear cultures, chloroquine damage was specific to outer hair cells in tissue from the cochlear basal turn, consistent with susceptibility to other ototoxic agents. These findings suggest a need for future studies employing hearing and balance monitoring during exposure to chloroquine and related compounds, particularly with interest in these compounds as therapeutics against viral infections including coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Davis
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Patricia Wu
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Esra D Camci
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian A Simon
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edwin W Rubel
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David W Raible
- Virginial Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Habitat Enhancement Solutions for Iberian Cyprinids Affected by Hydropeaking: Insights from Flume Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11246998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to peak electricity demand, hydropeaking introduces rapid and artificial flow fluctuations in the receiving river, which alters the river hydromorphology, while affecting the downstream ecological integrity. The impacts of hydropeaking have been addressed in flumes and in rivers. However, few studies propose mitigation solutions based on fish responses. The objective of this communication was to assemble the methods and outputs of flume research focused on Iberian cyprinids and to present recommendations to be used by freshwater scientists and hydropower producers. Emphasis was given to the critical role of integrating ecology and hydraulics to find the causal pathway between a flow change and a measurable fish response. The use of diverse behaviour quantification methods, flow sensing technologies, and statistical tools were decisive to strengthen the validity of the findings and to identify fish-fluid relationships, according to flow events. This communication encourages further research to identify flow thresholds for key life-cycle stages and complementary river studies to design and assess mitigation solutions for hydropeaking. Although the research focused on an Iberian cyprinid, the methods suggested have the potential to be extended to other fish species affected by hydropeaking.
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9
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The use of evoked potentials to determine sensory sub-modality contributions to acoustic and hydrodynamic sensing. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:855-865. [PMID: 31686133 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Both the lateral line and the inner ear contribute to near-field dipole source detection in fish. The precise roles these two sensory modalities provide in extracting information about the flow field remain of interest. In this study, evoked potentials (EP, 30-200 Hz) for blind Mexican cavefish were measured in response to a dipole source. Greatest sensitivity was observed at the lower and upper ends of the tested frequency range. To evaluate the relative contributions of the lateral line and inner ear, we measured the effects of neomycin on EP response characteristics at 40 Hz, and used the vital dye DASPEI to verify neuromast ablation. Neomycin increased the latency of the EP response up until 60 min post-treatment. DASPEI results confirmed that neuromast hair cell death was significant in treated fish over this timeframe. These results indicate that the inner ear, whether it is sound pressure or particle motion detection, makes a significant contribution to the dipole-induced EP in blind cavefish at near-field low frequencies where the lateral line contribution would be expected to be strongest. The results from this study imply that under some circumstances, lateral line function could be complemented by the inner ear.
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10
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Cresci A, Durif CM, Paris CB, Shema SD, Skiftesvik AB, Browman HI. Glass eels ( Anguilla anguilla) imprint the magnetic direction of tidal currents from their juvenile estuaries. Commun Biol 2019; 2:366. [PMID: 31602415 PMCID: PMC6783477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) hatches in the Sargasso Sea and migrates to European and North African freshwater. As glass eels, they reach estuaries where they become pigmented. Glass eels use a tidal phase-dependent magnetic compass for orientation, but whether their magnetic direction is innate or imprinted during migration is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that glass eels imprint their tidal-dependent magnetic compass direction at the estuaries where they recruit. We collected 222 glass eels from estuaries flowing in different cardinal directions in Austevoll, Norway. We observed the orientation of the glass eels in a magnetic laboratory where the magnetic North was rotated. Glass eels oriented towards the magnetic direction of the prevailing tidal current occurring at their recruitment estuary. Glass eels use their magnetic compass to memorize the magnetic direction of tidal flows. This mechanism could help them to maintain their position in an estuary and to migrate upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cresci
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker, Causeway, FL 33149-1098 USA
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Caroline M. Durif
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Claire B. Paris
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker, Causeway, FL 33149-1098 USA
| | | | - Anne Berit Skiftesvik
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
| | - Howard I. Browman
- Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Sauganeset 16, N-5392 Storebø, Norway
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11
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Shifatu O, Glasshagel-Chilson S, Nelson HM, Patel P, Tomamichel W, Higginbotham C, Evans PK, Lafontant GS, Burns AR, Lafontant PJ. Heart Development, Coronary Vascularization and Ventricular Maturation in a Giant Danio ( Devario malabaricus). J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030019. [PMID: 30037066 PMCID: PMC6162710 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant danios (genus Devario), like zebrafish, are teleosts belonging to the danioninae subfamily of cyprinids. Adult giant danios are used in a variety of investigations aimed at understanding cellular and physiological processes, including heart regeneration. Despite their importance, little is known about development and growth in giant danios, or their cardiac and coronary vessels development. To address this scarcity of knowledge, we performed a systematic study of a giant danio (Devario malabaricus), focusing on its cardiac development, from the segmentation period to ten months post-fertilization. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we documented that its cardiovascular development and maturation proceed along well defined dynamic and conserved morphogenic patterns. The overall size and cardiovascular expansion of this species was significantly impacted by environmental parameters such as rearing densities. The coronary vasculature began to emerge in the late larval stage. More importantly, we documented two possible loci of initiation of the coronary vasculature in this species, and compared the emergence of the coronaries to that of zebrafish and gourami. This is the first comprehensive study of the cardiac growth in a Devario species, and our findings serve as an important reference for further investigations of cardiac biology using this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubusola Shifatu
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | | | - Hannah M Nelson
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | - Purva Patel
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | - Wendy Tomamichel
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | - Clay Higginbotham
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | - Paula K Evans
- Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135, USA.
| | | | - Alan R Burns
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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13
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Savoca MS, Tyson CW, McGill M, Slager CJ. Odours from marine plastic debris induce food search behaviours in a forage fish. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.1000. [PMID: 28814656 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is an anthropogenic stressor in marine ecosystems globally. Many species of marine fish (more than 50) ingest plastic debris. Ingested plastic has a variety of lethal and sublethal impacts and can be a route for bioaccumulation of toxic compounds throughout the food web. Despite its pervasiveness and severity, our mechanistic understanding of this maladaptive foraging behaviour is incomplete. Recent evidence suggests that the chemical signature of plastic debris may explain why certain species are predisposed to mistaking plastic for food. Anchovy (Engraulis sp.) are abundant forage fish in coastal upwelling systems and a critical prey resource for top predators. Anchovy ingest plastic in natural conditions, though the mechanism they use to misidentify plastic as prey is unknown. Here, we presented wild-caught schools of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) with odour solutions made of plastic debris and clean plastic to compare school-wide aggregation and rheotactic responses relative to food and food odour presentations. Anchovy schools responded to plastic debris odour with increased aggregation and reduced rheotaxis. These results were similar to the effects food and food odour presentations had on schools. Conversely, these behavioural responses were absent in clean plastic and control treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that adult anchovy use odours to forage. We conclude that the chemical signature plastic debris acquires in the photic zone can induce foraging behaviours in anchovy schools. These findings provide further support for a chemosensory mechanism underlying plastic consumption by marine wildlife. Given the trophic position of forage fish, these findings have considerable implications for aquatic food webs and possibly human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Savoca
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chris W Tyson
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael McGill
- Aquarium of the Bay, Pier 39, Embarcadero at Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
| | - Christina J Slager
- Aquarium of the Bay, Pier 39, Embarcadero at Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
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14
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Kelasidi E, Liljeback P, Pettersen KY, Gravdahl JT. Integral Line-of-Sight Guidance for Path Following Control of Underwater Snake Robots: Theory and Experiments. IEEE T ROBOT 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2017.2651119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Cresci A, De Rosa R, Putman NF, Agnisola C. Earth-strength magnetic field affects the rheotactic threshold of zebrafish swimming in shoals. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Brown EEA, Simmons AM. Variability of Rheotaxis Behaviors in Larval Bullfrogs Highlights Species Diversity in Lateral Line Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166989. [PMID: 27870909 PMCID: PMC5117756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and distribution of lateral line neuromasts vary between ecomorphological types of anuran tadpoles, but little is known about how this structural variability contributes to differences in lateral-line mediated behaviors. Previous research identified distinct differences in one such behavior, positive rheotaxis towards the source of a flow, in two tadpole species, the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis; type 1) and the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana; type 4). Because these two species had been tested under different flow conditions, we re-evaluated these findings by quantifying flow-sensing behaviors of bullfrog tadpoles in the same flow field in which X. laevis tadpoles had been tested previously. Early larval bullfrog tadpoles were exposed to flow in the dark, in the presence of a discrete light cue, and after treatment with the ototoxin gentamicin. In response to flow, tadpoles moved downstream, closer to a side wall, and higher in the water column, but they did not station-hold. Tadpoles exhibited positive rheotaxis, but with long latencies, low to moderate accuracy, and considerable individual variability. This is in contrast to the robust, stereotyped station-holding and accurate rheotaxis of X. laevis tadpoles. The presence of a discrete visual cue and gentamicin treatment altered spatial positioning and disrupted rheotaxis in both tadpole species. Species differences in lateral-line mediated behaviors may reflect differences in neuromast number and distribution, life history, or perceptual salience of other environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E. A. Brown
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
| | - Andrea Megela Simmons
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wiegmann DD, Hebets EA, Gronenberg W, Graving JM, Bingman VP. Amblypygids: Model Organisms for the Study of Arthropod Navigation Mechanisms in Complex Environments? Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:47. [PMID: 27014008 PMCID: PMC4782058 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Navigation is an ideal behavioral model for the study of sensory system integration and the neural substrates associated with complex behavior. For this broader purpose, however, it may be profitable to develop new model systems that are both tractable and sufficiently complex to ensure that information derived from a single sensory modality and path integration are inadequate to locate a goal. Here, we discuss some recent discoveries related to navigation by amblypygids, nocturnal arachnids that inhabit the tropics and sub-tropics. Nocturnal displacement experiments under the cover of a tropical rainforest reveal that these animals possess navigational abilities that are reminiscent, albeit on a smaller spatial scale, of true-navigating vertebrates. Specialized legs, called antenniform legs, which possess hundreds of olfactory and tactile sensory hairs, and vision appear to be involved. These animals also have enormous mushroom bodies, higher-order brain regions that, in insects, integrate contextual cues and may be involved in spatial memory. In amblypygids, the complexity of a nocturnal rainforest may impose navigational challenges that favor the integration of information derived from multimodal cues. Moreover, the movement of these animals is easily studied in the laboratory and putative neural integration sites of sensory information can be manipulated. Thus, amblypygids could serve as model organisms for the discovery of neural substrates associated with a unique and potentially sophisticated navigational capability. The diversity of habitats in which amblypygids are found also offers an opportunity for comparative studies of sensory integration and ecological selection pressures on navigation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Wiegmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OH, USA; J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Eileen A Hebets
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Jacob M Graving
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Verner P Bingman
- J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OH, USA; Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State UniversityBowling Green, OH, USA
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18
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Chicoli A, Bak-Coleman J, Coombs S, Paley D. Rheotaxis performance increases with group size in a coupled phase model with sensory noise: The effects of noise and group size on rheotaxis. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. SPECIAL TOPICS 2015; 224:3233-3244. [PMID: 27175224 PMCID: PMC4860727 DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2015-50080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many fish exhibit rheotaxis, a behavior in which fish orient themselves relative to flow. Rheotaxis confers many benefits, including energetic cost savings and interception of drifting prey. Despite the fact that most species of fish school during at least some portion of their life, little is known about the importance of rheotactic behavior to schooling fish and, conversely, how the presence of nearby conspecifics affects rheotactic behavior. Understanding how rheotaxis is modified by social factors is thus of ecological importance. Here we present a mathematical model in the form of an all-to-all, coupled-oscillator framework over the non-Euclidean space of fish orientations to model group rheotactic behavior. Individuals in the model measure the orientation of their neighbors and the flow direction relative to their own orientation. These measures are corrupted by sensory noise. We study the effect of sensory noise and group size on internal (i.e., within the school) and external (i.e., with the flow) disagreement in orientation. We find that under noisy environmental conditions, increased group size improves rheotaxis. Results of this study have implications for understanding animal behavior, as well as for potential applications in bio-inspired engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Chicoli
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J. Bak-Coleman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - S. Coombs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - D.A. Paley
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Gardiner JM, Whitney NM, Hueter RE. Smells Like Home: The Role of Olfactory Cues in the Homing Behavior of Blacktip Sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:495-506. [PMID: 26173711 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal navigation in the marine environment is believed to be guided by different sensory cues over different spatial scales. Geomagnetic cues are thought to guide long-range navigation, while visual or olfactory cues allow animals to pinpoint precise locations, but the complete behavioral sequence is not yet understood. Terra Ceia Bay is a primary nursery area for blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, on southwestern Florida's Gulf of Mexico coast. Young-of-the-year animals show strong fidelity to a specific home range in the northeastern end of the bay and rapidly return when displaced. Older juveniles demonstrate annual philopatry for the first few years, migrating as far south as the Florida Keys each fall, then returning to Terra Ceia Bay each spring. To examine the sensory cues used in homing, we captured neonate (<3 weeks old) blacktip sharks from within their home range, fitted them with acoustic tags, and translocated them to sites 8 km away in adjacent Tampa Bay and released them. Intact animals returned to their home range, within 34 h on average, and remained there. With olfaction blocked, fewer animals returned to their home range and they took longer to do so, 130 h on average. However, they did not remain there but instead moved throughout Terra Ceia Bay and in and out of Tampa Bay. Since sharks from both treatments returned at night in tannic and turbid water, vision is likely not playing a major role in navigation by these animals. The animals in this study also returned on incoming or slack tides, suggesting that sharks, like many other fish, may use selective tidal stream transport to conserve energy and aid navigation during migration. Collectively, these results suggest that while other cues, possibly geomagnetic and/or tidal information, might guide sharks over long distances, olfactory cues are required for recognizing their specific home range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne M Gardiner
- *Sensory Biology and Behavior Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; New College of Florida, Division of Natural Sciences, 5800 Bayshore Rd, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA;
| | - Nicholas M Whitney
- Behavioral Ecology and Physiology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Robert E Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
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Elder J, Coombs S. The influence of turbulence on the sensory basis of rheotaxis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2015; 201:667-80. [PMID: 25994410 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-015-1014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheotaxis is a widespread behavior with many potential benefits for fish and other aquatic animals, yet the sensory basis of rheotaxis under different fluvial conditions is still poorly understood. Here, we examine the role that vision and the lateral line play in the rheotactic behavior of a stream-dwelling species (Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus) under both rectilinear and turbulent flow conditions. Turbulence lowered the flow speed at which threshold levels of rheotactic performance were elicited, an effect that was independent of sensory condition. Compared to fish with access to visual information, fish without access exhibited cross-stream casting behaviors and a decrease in the accuracy with which they oriented upstream. Visual deprivation effects were independent of availability of lateral line information and whether flow was rectilinear or turbulent. Fish deprived of lateral line information exhibited no measureable deficits under any of the conditions of this study. This study indicates that rheotactic abilities persist in the absence of both vision and lateral line under both turbulent and non-turbulent conditions, but that turbulence enhances either the motivation or ability of fish to orient to slow currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Elder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA,
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Kulpa M, Bak-Coleman J, Coombs S. The lateral line is necessary for blind cavefish rheotaxis in non-uniform flow. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1603-12. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.119537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
When encountering a unidirectional flow, many fish exhibit an unconditioned orienting response known as rheotaxis. This multisensory behavior can reportedly involve visual, vestibular, tactile and lateral line cues. However, the precise circumstances under which different senses contribute are still unclear and there is considerable debate, in particular, about the contributions of the lateral line. In this study, we investigate the rheotactic behavior of blind cavefish under conditions of spatially non-uniform flow (a jet stream), which in theory, should promote reliance on lateral line cues. The behavior of individual lateral line enabled and disabled fish was videorecorded under IR light in a square arena that prevented streamwise biases and that contained a narrow jet stream in the center of the tank. Whereas the stream's peak velocity (8 cm/s) declined very little in the streamwise direction, it declined steeply in the cross-stream direction (∼3 - 4.5 cm/s/cm). Lateral line enabled fish showed higher levels of orientation to the stream and its source (a 1 cm-wide nozzle) when in the central (jet stream) region of the tank compared to surrounding regions, whereas lateral line disabled fish showed random orientations in all regions of the tank. The results of this study indicate that the spatial characteristics of flow play a role in determining the sensory basis of rheotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kulpa
- Bowling Green State University, Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA. Phone: (+1) 313-575-6866
| | - Joseph Bak-Coleman
- Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton NJ 08544, USA. Phone: (+1) 419-372-1206 E-mail:
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Simmons AM, Warnecke M, Vu TT, Smith ATS. Flow sensing in developing Xenopus laevis is disrupted by visual cues and ototoxin exposure. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2014; 201:215-33. [PMID: 25380559 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-014-0957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We explored how lateral line cues interact with visual cues to mediate flow sensing behaviors in the nocturnal developing frog, Xenopus laevis, by exposing animals to current flows under different lighting conditions and after exposure to the ototoxin gentamicin. Under dark conditions, Xenopus tadpoles move downstream at the onset of current flow, then turn, and orient toward the direction of the flow with high accuracy. Postmetamorphic froglets also exhibit positive rheotaxis but with less accuracy and longer latency. The addition of discrete light cues to an otherwise dark environment disrupts rheotaxis and positioning. Orientation is less accurate, latency to orient is longer, and animals do not move as far downstream in the presence of light. Compared with untreated tadpoles tested in the dark, tadpoles exposed to gentamicin show less accurate rheotaxis with longer latency and do not move as far downstream in response to flow. These effects are compounded by the presence of light cues. The disruptive effects of light on flow sensing in Xenopus emphasize the disturbances to natural behaviors that may be produced by anthropogenic illumination in nocturnal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Megela Simmons
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA,
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Bak-Coleman JB, Coombs S. Sedentary behavior as a factor in determining lateral line contributions to rheotaxis. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:2338-47. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rheotaxis is a robust, multisensory behavior with many potential benefits for fish and other aquatic animals. Visual (optic flow) cues appear to be sufficient for rheotaxis, but other sensory cues can clearly compensate for the loss of vision. The role of various non-visual sensory systems, in particularly the flow-sensing lateral line, is poorly understood-largely due to widely varying methods and sensory conditions for studying rheotaxis. Here, we examine how sedentary behavior under visually deprived conditions affects the relative importance of lateral line cues in two species: one that is normally sedentary (the three-lined corydoras, Corydoras trilineatus) and one that normally swims continuously along the substrate (the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus). No effect of lateral line disruption on rheotactic performance was found in blind cavefish, which were significantly more mobile than three-lined corydoras. By contrast, rheotaxis was significantly impaired at low, but not high, flow speeds in lateral-line deprived corydoras. In addition, lateral line enabled corydoras were characterized by decreased mobility and increased rheotactic performance relative to lateral line deprived fish. Taken together, these results suggest that sedentary behavior is an important factor in promoting reliance on lateral line cues.
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