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Cheng X, Jiang T, Huang Q, Ji L, Li J, Kong X, Zhu X, He X, Deng X, Wu T, Yu H, Shi Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Wang X, Chen H, Yu J. Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Leads to Specific Disorders of Spermatid Elongation via Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Drosophila Testes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23613-23623. [PMID: 38854533 PMCID: PMC11154731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been extensively utilized in various applications. However, the regulatory mechanism behind the reproductive toxicity induced by TiO2 NP exposure remains largely elusive. In this study, we employed a Drosophila model to assess potential testicular injuries during spermatogenesis and conducted bulk RNA-Seq analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results reveal that while prolonged exposure to lower concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0.45 mg/mL) for 30 days did not manifest reproductive toxicity, exposure at concentrations of 0.9 and 1.8 mg/mL significantly impaired spermatid elongation in Drosophila testes. Notably, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that TiO2 NP exposure affected multiple metabolic pathways including carbohydrate metabolism and cytochrome P450. Importantly, the intervention of glutathione (GSH) significantly protected against reproductive toxicity induced by TiO2 NP exposure, as it restored the number of Orb-positive spermatid clusters in Drosophila testes. Our study provides novel insights into the specific detrimental effects of TiO2 NP exposure on spermatid elongation through multiple metabolic alterations in Drosophila testes and highlights the protective role of GSH in countering this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Cheng
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qiuru Huang
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Li Ji
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xuxin He
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department
of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Center
for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity
and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
- Nantong
Institute of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
- Nantong
Key Laboratory of Genetics and Reproductive Medicine, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute
of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Xu J, Liu Y, Yang F, Cao Y, Chen W, Li JSS, Zhang S, Comjean A, Hu Y, Perrimon N. Mechanistic characterization of a Drosophila model of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1241. [PMID: 38336808 PMCID: PMC10858251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in cancer patients and originate from dysfunction of organs at a distance from the tumor or its metastasis. A wide range of organs can be affected in paraneoplastic syndromes; however, the pathological mechanisms by which tumors influence host organs are poorly understood. Recent studies in the fly uncovered that tumor secreted factors target host organs, leading to pathological effects. In this study, using a Drosophila gut tumor model, we characterize a mechanism of tumor-induced kidney dysfunction. Specifically, we find that Pvf1, a PDGF/VEGF signaling ligand, secreted by gut tumors activates the PvR/JNK/Jra signaling pathway in the principal cells of the kidney, leading to mis-expression of renal genes and paraneoplastic renal syndrome-like phenotypes. Our study describes an important mechanism by which gut tumors perturb the function of the kidney, which might be of clinical relevance for the treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fangying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yurou Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Shing Shun Li
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Maghsoud Y, Dong C, Cisneros GA. Investigation of the Inhibition Mechanism of Xanthine Oxidoreductase by Oxipurinol: A Computational Study. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4190-4206. [PMID: 37319436 PMCID: PMC10405278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme found in various organisms. It converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and urate, which are crucial steps in purine elimination in humans. Elevated uric acid levels can lead to conditions like gout and hyperuricemia. Therefore, there is significant interest in developing drugs that target XOR for treating these conditions and other diseases. Oxipurinol, an analogue of xanthine, is a well-known inhibitor of XOR. Crystallographic studies have revealed that oxipurinol directly binds to the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in XOR. However, the precise details of the inhibition mechanism are still unclear, which would be valuable for designing more effective drugs with similar inhibitory functions. In this study, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations are employed to investigate the inhibition mechanism of XOR by oxipurinol. The study examines the structural and dynamic effects of oxipurinol on the pre-catalytic structure of the metabolite-bound system. Our results provide insights on the reaction mechanism catalyzed by the MoCo center in the active site, which aligns well with experimental findings. Furthermore, the results provide insights into the residues surrounding the active site and propose an alternative mechanism for developing alternative covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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4
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Maghsoud Y, Dong C, Cisneros GA. Computational Characterization of the Inhibition Mechanism of Xanthine Oxidoreductase by Topiroxostat. ACS Catal 2023; 13:6023-6043. [PMID: 37547543 PMCID: PMC10399974 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a member of the molybdopterin-containing enzyme family. It interconverts xanthine to uric acid as the last step of purine catabolism in the human body. The high uric acid concentration in the blood directly leads to human diseases like gout and hyperuricemia. Therefore, drugs that inhibit the biosynthesis of uric acid by human XO have been clinically used for many years to decrease the concentration of uric acid in the blood. In this study, the inhibition mechanism of XO and a new promising drug, topiroxostat (code: FYX-051), is investigated by employing molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. This drug has been reported to act as both a noncovalent and covalent inhibitor and undergoes a stepwise inhibition by all its hydroxylated metabolites, which include 2-hydroxy-FYX-051, dihydroxy-FYX-051, and trihydroxy-FYX-051. However, the detailed mechanism of inhibition of each metabolite remains elusive and can be useful for designing more effective drugs with similar inhibition functions. Hence, herein we present the computational investigation of the structural and dynamical effects of FYX-051 and the calculated reaction mechanism for all of the oxidation steps catalyzed by the molybdopterin center in the active site. Calculated results for the proposed reaction mechanisms for each metabolite's inhibition reaction in the enzyme's active site, binding affinities, and the noncovalent interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues are consistent with previously reported experimental findings. Analysis of the noncovalent interactions via energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) techniques suggests that residues L648, K771, E802, R839, L873, R880, R912, F914, F1009, L1014, and A1079 can be used as key interacting residues for further hybrid-type inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States; Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Er-Chen Decoction Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats through Remodeling Gut Microbiota and Regulating the Serum Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6221340. [PMID: 35399623 PMCID: PMC8991405 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6221340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have found that the dysfunction in gut microbiota and the metabolic dysfunction can promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Er-Chen decoction (EC) can be used in the treatment of NAFLD. However, the mechanism of this hepatoprotection is still unknown. In this study, we constructed a rat model with NAFLD fed with high-fat chow and administered EC treatment. The therapeutic effects of EC on NAFLD were evaluated by measuring transaminases, blood lipid levels, and pathological changes in the liver. In addition, we measured the effects of EC on liver inflammatory response and oxidative stress. The changes in gut microbiota after EC treatment were studied using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis was also used to study the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of EC on NAFLD. The results showed that EC decreased the serum transaminases and lipid levels and improved the pathological changes in NAFLD rats. Furthermore, EC enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased MDA level in the liver. EC treatment also decreased the gene and protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the liver and serum. The 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics indicated that EC treatment affected the gut microbiota and regulated serum metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that the effects of EC on taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways were associated with affecting in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibri, Romboutsia, Akkermansia, Intestinimonas, and Candidatus_saccharimonas in the gut. In conclusion, our study confirmed the protective effect of EC on NAFLD. EC could treat NAFLD by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory responses, and improving the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the modulation of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways in serum.
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Santos-Cruz LF, Ramírez-Cruz BG, García-Salomé M, Olvera-Romero ZY, Hernández-Luis F, Hernández-Portilla LB, Durán-Díaz Á, Dueñas-García IE, Castañeda-Partida L, Piedra-Ibarra E, Mendoza-Martínez C, Heres-Pulido ME. Genotoxicity assessment of four novel quinazoline-derived trypanocidal agents in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:299-310. [PMID: 31793639 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, has increased in the world due to migration, travelling and climate change; at present, the principal problem is that common trypanocidal agents have resulted in toxic or inconvenient side effects. We tested for genotoxicity in the standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses of Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test, four novel trypanocidal agents derived from 2, 4, 6-triaminquinazoline (TAQ): 2,4-diamino-6 nitro-1,3 diazonaftalene (S-1QN2-1), 2,4-diacetamino-6-amino 1,3 diazonaftalene (D-1), N6-(4,methoxybenzyl)quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine (GHPM) and N6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]quinazoline-2,4,6-triamine (GHPMF) at 1.9, 3.9, 7.9 and 15 µM, respectively. Also, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was run to determine the remanence of either drug in flare, and Oregon R(R)-flare flies emerged from treated larvae. S-1QN2-1 showed genotoxicity only in the ST cross, increasing the small, large and total spot frequencies at all concentrations and twin spots only at 1.9 µM; D-1 and GHPM showed significant increments of large spots only at 15 µM in the ST cross; GHPMF was not genotoxic at any concentration or either cross. In the mwh clones accumulated distribution frequencies analysis, associated with disrupted cell division, S-1QN2-1 caused alterations in the ST cross at all concentrations but only at 15 µM in the HB cross; D-1 caused alterations at 3.9, 7.9 and 15 µM in the ST cross and at 1.9 and 15 µM in the HB cross; GHPM caused alterations at 7.9 and 15 µM in the ST cross and also at 1.9, 3.9 and 7.9 µM in the HB cross; GHPMF caused those alterations at all concentrations in the ST cross and at 1.9, 3.9 and 7.9 µM in the HB cross. The HPLC results indicated no traces of either agent in the flare and Oregon R(R)-flare flies. We conclude that S-1QN2-1 is clearly genotoxic, D-1 and GHPM have an unclear genotoxicity and GHPMF was not genotoxic; all quinazoline derivatives disrupted cell division. GHPMF is a good candidate to be tested in other genotoxicity and cytotoxic bioassays. The differences in the genotoxic activity of these trypanocidal agents are correlated with differences in their chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Santos-Cruz
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Bertha Guadalupe Ramírez-Cruz
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel García-Salomé
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Zaira Yuriria Olvera-Romero
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Hernández-Luis
- Pharmacy Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis Barbo Hernández-Portilla
- Biogeochemistry, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ángel Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Elena Dueñas-García
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Castañeda-Partida
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Elías Piedra-Ibarra
- Plant Physiology, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - César Mendoza-Martínez
- Pharmacy Department, Chemistry Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Heres-Pulido
- Genetics Toxicology, Biology, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Wang MM, He M, Wang H, Ma YF, Dewer Y, Zhang F, He P. A candidate aldehyde oxidase in the antennae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is potentially involved in the degradation of pheromones, plant-derived volatiles and the detoxification of xenobiotics. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 171:104726. [PMID: 33357547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect antennae play a fundamental role in perceiving and recognizing a broad spectrum of conventional semiochemicals and host plant-derived odors. As such, genes that are tightly associated with the antennae are thought to have olfactory-related roles related to signal transduction mechanisms. Several mechanisms suggest that enzymatic inactivation could contribute to the signal termination process, such as odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs). To date, a few ODEs have been identified and characterized in detail in insect herbivores, but little is known about aldehyde oxidases (AOXs); moreover, direct in vivo experimental evidence is needed. AOXs are a major family of metabolic enzymes that oxidize a variety of aromatic aldehydes, and they may also play a significant role in detoxification and degradation of environmental chemical cues. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of a novel cDNA encoding the putative odorant-degrading enzyme, PxylAOX3, from the antennae of the diamondback moth, (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). The purified recombinant protein showed a wide-range of substrate zymography oxidizing both sex pheromone compounds as well as plant-derived aldehydes with distinct activities. Our data suggest PxylAOX3 might be involved in the degradation of many structurally diverse aldehyde odorants. Furthermore, PxylAOX3 could participate in olfactory neuron protection by inactivation of redundant odorants and xenobiotic detoxification, making it a potential target for pesticide development as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yun-Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Shen G, Mao X, Jiao M, Lin Y. Identification and Characterization of Aldehyde Oxidase 5 in the Pheromone Gland of the Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:6029056. [PMID: 33295983 PMCID: PMC7724976 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a subfamily of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes that play critical roles in the detoxification and degradation of chemicals. Active AOXs, such as AOX1 and AOX2, have been identified and functionally analyzed in insect antennae but are rarely reported in other tissues. This is the first study to isolate and characterize the cDNA that encodes aldehyde oxidase 5 (BmAOX5) in the pheromone gland (PG) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The size of BmAOX5 cDNA is 3,741 nucleotides and includes an open reading frame, which encodes a protein of 1,246 amino acid residues. The theoretical molecular weight and isoelectric point of BmAOX5 are approximately 138 kDa and 5.58, respectively. BmAOX5 shares a similar primary structure with BmAOX1 and BmAOX2, containing two [2Fe-2S] redox centers, a FAD-binding domain, and a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo)-binding domain. RT-PCR revealed BmAOX5 to be particularly highly expressed in the PG (including ovipositor) of the female silkworm moth, and the expression was further confirmed by in situ hybridization, AOX activity staining, and anti-BmAOX5 western blotting. Further, BmAOX5 was shown to metabolize aromatic aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, and vanillic aldehyde, and fatty aldehydes, such as heptaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The maximum reaction rate (Vmax) of benzaldehyde as substrate was 21 mU and Km was 1.745 mmol/liter. These results suggested that BmAOX5 in the PG could metabolize aldehydes in the cytoplasm for detoxification or participate in the degradation of aldehyde pheromone substances and odorant compounds to identify mating partners and locate suitable spawning sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericulture Science, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Chongqing, China
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9
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Dai Z, Li D, Du X, Ge Y, Hursh DA, Bi X. Drosophila Caliban preserves intestinal homeostasis and lifespan through regulating mitochondrial dynamics and redox state in enterocytes. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009140. [PMID: 33057338 PMCID: PMC7591072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of stem cell activity is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In Drosophila, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) maintain the midgut epithelium and respond to oxidative challenges. However, the connection between intestinal homeostasis and redox signaling remains obscure. Here we find that Caliban (Clbn) functions as a regulator of mitochondrial dynamics in enterocytes (ECs) and is required for intestinal homeostasis. The clbn knock-out flies have a shortened lifespan and lose the intestinal homeostasis. Clbn is highly expressed and localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria in ECs. Mechanically, Clbn mediates mitochondrial dynamics in ECs and removal of clbn leads to mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, ECs damage, activation of JNK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, multiple mitochondria-related genes are differentially expressed between wild-type and clbn mutated flies by a whole-genome transcriptional profiling. Furthermore, loss of clbn promotes tumor growth in gut generated by activated Ras in intestinal progenitor cells. Our findings reveal an EC-specific function of Clbn in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, and provide new insight into the functional link among mitochondrial redox modulation, tissue homeostasis and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XB)
| | - Xiao Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deborah A. Hursh
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XB)
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10
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Functional mononuclear molybdenum enzymes: challenges and triumphs in molecular cloning, expression, and isolation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:547-569. [PMID: 32279136 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear molybdenum enzymes catalyze a variety of reactions that are essential in the cycling of nitrogen, carbon, arsenic, and sulfur. For decades, the structure and function of these crucial enzymes have been investigated to develop a fundamental knowledge for this vast family of enzymes and the chemistries they carry out. Therefore, obtaining abundant quantities of active enzyme is necessary for exploring this family's biochemical capability. This mini-review summarizes the methods for overexpressing mononuclear molybdenum enzymes in the context of the challenges encountered in the process. Effective methods for molybdenum cofactor synthesis and incorporation, optimization of expression conditions, improving isolation of active vs. inactive enzyme, incorporation of additional prosthetic groups, and inclusion of redox enzyme maturation protein chaperones are discussed in relation to the current molybdenum enzyme literature. This article summarizes the heterologous and homologous expression studies providing underlying patterns and potential future directions.
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11
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Wilson MP, Plecko B, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Disorders affecting vitamin B 6 metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:629-646. [PMID: 30671974 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is present in our diet in many forms, however, only pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) can function as a cofactor for enzymes. The intestine absorbs nonphosphorylated B6 vitamers, which are converted by specific enzymes to the active PLP form. The role of PLP is enabled by its reactive aldehyde group. Pathways reliant on PLP include amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism, folate and 1-carbon metabolism, protein and polyamine synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and erythropoiesis. Besides the role of PLP as a cofactor B6 vitamers also play other cellular roles, for example, as antioxidants, modifying expression and action of steroid hormone receptors, affecting immune function, as chaperones and as an antagonist of Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) at P2 purinoceptors. Because of the vital role of PLP in neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly synthesis of the inhibitory transmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, it is not surprising that various inborn errors leading to PLP deficiency manifest as B6 -responsive epilepsy, usually of early onset. This includes pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase deficiency (a disorder affecting PLP synthesis and recycling), disorders affecting PLP import into the brain (hypophosphatasia and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis defects), a disorder of an intracellular PLP-binding protein (PLPBP, previously named PROSC) and disorders where metabolites accumulate that inactivate PLP, for example, ALDH7A1 deficiency and hyperprolinaemia type II. Patients with these disorders can show rapid control of seizures in response to either pyridoxine and/or PLP with a lifelong dependency on supraphysiological vitamin B6 supply. The clinical and biochemical features of disorders leading to B6 -responsive seizures and the treatment of these disorders are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Wilson
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, University Childrens' Hospital Graz, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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12
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Müller TM, Böttcher C, Glawischnig E. Dissection of the network of indolic defence compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana by multiple mutant analysis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:11-20. [PMID: 30798200 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic for cruciferous plants is the synthesis of a complex array of defence-related indolic compounds. In Arabidopsis, these include indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolates (IMGs), as well as stress-inducible indole-3-carbaldehyde (ICHO)/indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH) derivatives and camalexin. Key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the inducible metabolites are the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP71A12, CYP71A13 and CYP71B6 and Arabidopsis Aldehyde Oxidase 1 (AAO1). Multiple mutants in the corresponding genes were generated and their metabolic phenotypes were comprehensively analysed in untreated, UV exposed and silver nitrate-treated leaves. Most strikingly, ICOOH and ICHO derivatives synthesized in response to UV exposure were not metabolically related. While ICHO concentrations correlated with IMGs, ICOOH derivatives were anti-correlated with IMGs and partially dependent on CYP71B6. The AAO1 genotype was shown to not only be important for ICHO metabolism but also for the accumulation of 4-pyridoxic acid, suggesting a dual role of AAO1 in vitamin B6 metabolism and IMG degradation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Müller
- Chair of Botany, Department of Plant Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- Chair of Botany, Department of Plant Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany; Microbial Biotechnology, TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
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13
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Mota C, Coelho C, Leimkühler S, Garattini E, Terao M, Santos-Silva T, Romão MJ. Critical overview on the structure and metabolism of human aldehyde oxidase and its role in pharmacokinetics. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Ámon J, Fernández-Martín R, Bokor E, Cultrone A, Kelly JM, Flipphi M, Scazzocchio C, Hamari Z. A eukaryotic nicotinate-inducible gene cluster: convergent evolution in fungi and bacteria. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170199. [PMID: 29212709 PMCID: PMC5746545 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinate degradation has hitherto been elucidated only in bacteria. In the ascomycete Aspergillus nidulans, six loci, hxnS/AN9178 encoding the molybdenum cofactor-containing nicotinate hydroxylase, AN11197 encoding a Cys2/His2 zinc finger regulator HxnR, together with AN11196/hxnZ, AN11188/hxnY, AN11189/hxnP and AN9177/hxnT, are clustered and stringently co-induced by a nicotinate derivative and subject to nitrogen metabolite repression mediated by the GATA factor AreA. These genes are strictly co-regulated by HxnR. Within the hxnR gene, constitutive mutations map in two discrete regions. Aspergillus nidulans is capable of using nicotinate and its oxidation products 6-hydroxynicotinic acid and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine as sole nitrogen sources in an HxnR-dependent way. HxnS is highly similar to HxA, the canonical xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), and has originated by gene duplication, preceding the origin of the Pezizomycotina. This cluster is conserved with some variations throughout the Aspergillaceae. Our results imply that a fungal pathway has arisen independently from bacterial ones. Significantly, the neo-functionalization of XDH into nicotinate hydroxylase has occurred independently from analogous events in bacteria. This work describes for the first time a gene cluster involved in nicotinate catabolism in a eukaryote and has relevance for the formation and evolution of co-regulated primary metabolic gene clusters and the microbial degradation of N-heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Ámon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH)
| | | | - Eszter Bokor
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH)
| | - Antonietta Cultrone
- Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Joan M Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Michel Flipphi
- Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Claudio Scazzocchio
- Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France .,Department of Biology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.,Department of Microbiology, Imperial College, London, UK (present address of CS).,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France (present address of CS)
| | - Zsuzsanna Hamari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Faculty of Science and Informatics, Szeged, Hungary (present address of ZH) .,Institute de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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15
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Characterization of xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase of Marsupenaeus japonicus and their response to microbial pathogen. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:419-432. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Tejeda-Guzmán C, Rosas-Arellano A, Kroll T, Webb SM, Barajas-Aceves M, Osorio B, Missirlis F. Biogenesis of zinc storage granules in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb168419. [PMID: 29367274 PMCID: PMC5897703 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.168419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters and sequestration mechanisms concentrate metal ions differentially into discrete subcellular microenvironments for use in protein cofactors, signalling, storage or excretion. Here we identify zinc storage granules as the insect's major zinc reservoir in principal Malpighian tubule epithelial cells of Drosophila melanogaster The concerted action of Adaptor Protein-3, Rab32, HOPS and BLOC complexes as well as of the white-scarlet (ABCG2-like) and ZnT35C (ZnT2/ZnT3/ZnT8-like) transporters is required for zinc storage granule biogenesis. Due to lysosome-related organelle defects caused by mutations in the homologous human genes, patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome may lack zinc granules in beta pancreatic cells, intestinal paneth cells and presynaptic vesicles of hippocampal mossy fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Tejeda-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Abraham Rosas-Arellano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martha Barajas-Aceves
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, C.P. 07360, México
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17
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Marelja Z, Leimkühler S, Missirlis F. Iron Sulfur and Molybdenum Cofactor Enzymes Regulate the Drosophila Life Cycle by Controlling Cell Metabolism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:50. [PMID: 29491838 PMCID: PMC5817353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) are present at enzyme sites, where the active metal facilitates electron transfer. Such enzyme systems are soluble in the mitochondrial matrix, cytosol and nucleus, or embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, but virtually absent from the cell secretory pathway. They are of ancient evolutionary origin supporting respiration, DNA replication, transcription, translation, the biosynthesis of steroids, heme, catabolism of purines, hydroxylation of xenobiotics, and cellular sulfur metabolism. Here, Fe-S cluster and Moco biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster is reviewed and the multiple biochemical and physiological functions of known Fe-S and Moco enzymes are described. We show that RNA interference of Mocs3 disrupts Moco biosynthesis and the circadian clock. Fe-S-dependent mitochondrial respiration is discussed in the context of germ line and somatic development, stem cell differentiation and aging. The subcellular compartmentalization of the Fe-S and Moco assembly machinery components and their connections to iron sensing mechanisms and intermediary metabolism are emphasized. A biochemically active Fe-S core complex of heterologously expressed fly Nfs1, Isd11, IscU, and human frataxin is presented. Based on the recent demonstration that copper displaces the Fe-S cluster of yeast and human ferredoxin, an explanation for why high dietary copper leads to cytoplasmic iron deficiency in flies is proposed. Another proposal that exosomes contribute to the transport of xanthine dehydrogenase from peripheral tissues to the eye pigment cells is put forward, where the Vps16a subunit of the HOPS complex may have a specialized role in concentrating this enzyme within pigment granules. Finally, we formulate a hypothesis that (i) mitochondrial superoxide mobilizes iron from the Fe-S clusters in aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase; (ii) increased iron transiently displaces manganese on superoxide dismutase, which may function as a mitochondrial iron sensor since it is inactivated by iron; (iii) with the Krebs cycle thus disrupted, citrate is exported to the cytosol for fatty acid synthesis, while succinyl-CoA and the iron are used for heme biosynthesis; (iv) as iron is used for heme biosynthesis its concentration in the matrix drops allowing for manganese to reactivate superoxide dismutase and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis to reestablish the Krebs cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Marelja
- Imagine Institute, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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18
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Xu W, Liao Y. Identification and characterization of aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) in the cotton bollworm. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Dow JA. The essential roles of metal ions in insect homeostasis and physiology. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 23:43-50. [PMID: 29129281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play distinct roles in living organisms, including insects. Some, like sodium and potassium, are central players in osmoregulation and 'blood and guts' transport physiology, and have been implicated in cold adaptation. Calcium is a key player as a second messenger, and as a structural element. Other metals, particularly those with multiple redox states, can be cofactors in many metalloenzymes, but can contribute to toxic oxidative stress on the organism in excess. This short review selects some examples where classical knowledge has been supplemented with recent advances, in order to emphasize the importance of metals as essential nutrients for insect survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian At Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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20
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Kücükgöze G, Terao M, Garattini E, Leimkühler S. Direct Comparison of the Enzymatic Characteristics and Superoxide Production of the Four Aldehyde Oxidase Enzymes Present in Mouse. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:947-955. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Nishino T, Okamoto K. Mechanistic insights into xanthine oxidoreductase from development studies of candidate drugs to treat hyperuricemia and gout. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:195-207. [PMID: 25501928 PMCID: PMC4334109 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widely distributed from humans to bacteria, has a key role in purine catabolism, catalyzing two steps of sequential hydroxylation from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate at its molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Human XOR is considered to be a target of drugs not only for therapy of hyperuricemia and gout, but also potentially for a wide variety of other diseases. In this review, we focus on studies of XOR inhibitors and their implications for understanding the chemical nature and reaction mechanism of the Moco active site of XOR. We also discuss further experimental or clinical studies that would be helpful to clarify remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan,
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22
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Rempoulakis P, Afshar N, Osorio B, Barajas-Aceves M, Szular J, Ahmad S, Dammalage T, Tomas US, Nemny-Lavy E, Salomon M, Vreysen MJB, Nestel D, Missirlis F. Conserved metallomics in two insect families evolving separately for a hundred million years. Biometals 2014; 27:1323-35. [PMID: 25298233 PMCID: PMC4223573 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Μetal cofactors are required for enzymatic catalysis and structural stability of many proteins. Physiological metal requirements underpin the evolution of cellular and systemic regulatory mechanisms for metal uptake, storage and excretion. Considering the role of metal biology in animal evolution, this paper asks whether metal content is conserved between different fruit flies. A similar metal homeostasis was previously observed in Drosophilidae flies cultivated on the same larval medium. Each species accumulated in the order of 200 µg iron and zinc and approximately ten-fold less manganese and copper per gram dry weight of the adult insect. In this paper, data on the metal content in fourteen species of Tephritidae, which are major agricultural pests worldwide, are presented. These fruit flies can be polyphagous (e.g., Ceratitis capitata) or strictly monophagous (e.g., Bactrocera oleae) or oligophagous (e.g., Anastrepha grandis) and were maintained in the laboratory on five distinct diets based on olive oil, carrot, wheat bran, zucchini and molasses, respectively. The data indicate that overall metal content and distribution between the Tephritidae and Drosophilidae species was similar. Reduced metal concentration was observed in B. oleae. Feeding the polyphagous C. capitata with the diet of B. oleae resulted in a significant quantitative reduction of all metals. Thus, dietary components affect metal content in some Tephritidae. Nevertheless, although the evidence suggests some fruit fly species evolved preferences in the use or storage of particular metals, no metal concentration varied in order of magnitude between these two families of Diptera that evolved independently for over 100 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polychronis Rempoulakis
- IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Negar Afshar
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Osorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Barajas-Aceves
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingenería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joanna Szular
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, UK
| | - Sohel Ahmad
- IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thilakasiri Dammalage
- IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Ulysses Sto Tomas
- IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Esther Nemny-Lavy
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Mor Salomon
- Citrus Division, The Israel Cohen Institute for Biological Control, Plants Production and Marketing Board, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- IAEA Laboratories, Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - David Nestel
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rovenko BM, Perkhulyn NV, Lushchak OV, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Molybdate partly mimics insulin-promoted metabolic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 165:76-82. [PMID: 24952334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum-containing salts have been found to attenuate diabetes complications in mammals by affecting processes normally regulated by insulin and thus were believed to mimic insulin activity. In this study, we used a fruit fly model to test sodium molybdate, Na2MoO4, action in relation to insulin-promoted processes and toxicity. We studied how larval food supplementation with sodium molybdate affected levels of body carbohydrates and lipids in two-day old adult Drosophila melanogaster. Molybdate salt, in the concentrations used (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 10mM), showed low toxicity to fly larvae and slightly influenced development and the percentage of pupated animals. Additionally, sodium molybdate decreased the level of hemolymph glucose in males by 30%, and increased the level of hemolymph trehalose in flies of both sexes. These changes were accompanied by an increase in whole body trehalose and glycogen of about 30-90%. Although total lipid levels in flies of both sexes were depleted by 25%, an increased amount of triacylglycerides among total lipids was observed. These effects were not related to changes in food intake. Taken together, the present data let us suggest that sodium molybdate may at least partly mimic insulin-related effects in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana M Rovenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
| | - Natalia V Perkhulyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
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