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Saroj S, Saha S, Ali A, Gupta SK, Bharadwaj A, Agrawal T, Pal S, Rakshit T. Plant Extracellular Nanovesicle-Loaded Hydrogel for Topical Antibacterial Wound Healing In Vivo. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39377525 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections impede wound healing and pose significant challenges in clinical care. There is an immediate need for safe and targeted antivirulence agents to fight bacterial infections effectively. In this regard, bioderived nanovesicles have shown significant promise. This work demonstrated significant antibacterial properties of extracellular nanovesicles derived from plant (mint) leaf juice (MENV). A hydrogel (HG) was developed using oxidized alginate and chitosan and loaded with antibacterial MENVs (MENV-HG). This formulation was investigated for topical HG dressings to treat Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli-invasive wounds. The developed HG was injectable, biocompatible (>95% cell was viable), nonhemolytic (<5% hemolytic capacity), self-healing and exhibited strong physical and mechanical interactions with the bacteria cells (MENV-HG-treated bacteria were significantly more elastic compared to the control in both M. luteus (1.01 ± 0.3 MPa, p < 0.005 vs 5.03 ± 2.6) and E. coli (5.81 ± 2.1 MPa vs 10.81 ± 3.8, p < 0.005). MENV-HG was topically applied on wounds with a slow MENV release profile, ensuring effective healing. These in vivo results demonstrated decreased inflammation and expedited healing within 10 days of treatment (wound area closure was 99% with MENV-HG treatment and 87% for control). Taken together, MENV-HGs have the potential for a scalable and sustainable wound dressing strategy that works satisfactorily for bacteria-infected wound healing and to be validated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Saroj
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sunita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491002, India
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Durg 490024, India
| | - Aditi Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Tanya Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Suchetan Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh 491002, India
- Department of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bhilai, Durg 491002, India
| | - Tatini Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Abrego-Guandique DM, Ilori OA, Caroleo MC, Cannataro R, Cione E, Tucci P. Differential Digestive Stability of Food-Derived microRNAs: The Case of miR-30c-5p and miR-92a-3p in Polyfloral Honey. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7473-7485. [PMID: 39057084 PMCID: PMC11276035 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary microRNAs (miRs) represent a new area in food science. Although they have been found in many foods, including honey, more research is needed about their stability and fate during digestion. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the digestive stability of two selected miRs in honey. We extracted miR-92a-3p and miR-30c-5p from pasteurized and unpasteurized forms of polyfloral honey using two different methods and kits: a column-based manual method and a phenol-free semi-automated magnetic-bead-based method. The latter option was used for the subsequent analysis of samples according to the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion protocol. Also, the honey samples were examined for exosome-like particles using dynamic light scattering. Although the expression levels of both miRs were significantly lower following intestinal digestion, we found a difference in the resilience of the miRs to gastrointestinal conditions, with miR-30c-5p being relatively stable compared to miR-92a-3p following digestion, regardless of the honey's pasteurization treatment. Moreover, there was marked heterogeneity in the extracellular vesicle profile of the pasteurized sample. We identified the presence of two broadly conserved miRs in honey: miR-92a-3p and miR-30c-5p. Despite honey exhibiting high digestibility, miR-92a-3p was less resilient than miR-30c-5p, demonstrating considerable resistance under gastrointestinal conditions. Although further research is needed, the results obtained from this study may represent a starting point for utilizing honey as a source of exogenous miRNAs for preventive strategies and more "natural" treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukunmi Amos Ilori
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (O.A.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Cristina Caroleo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.A.-G.); (M.C.C.)
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110861, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (O.A.I.); (P.T.)
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Paola Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (O.A.I.); (P.T.)
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Wang T, Fu ZY, Li YJ, Zi L, Song CZ, Tao YX, Zhang M, Gu W, Yu J, Yang XX. Recognition on pharmacodynamic ingredients of natural products. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102124. [PMID: 38933713 PMCID: PMC11201352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) play an irreplaceable role in the intervention of various diseases and have been considered a critical source of drug development. Many new pharmacodynamic compounds with potential clinical applications have recently been derived from NPs. These compounds range from small molecules to polysaccharides, polypeptides, proteins, self-assembled nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes various active substances found in NPs. The investigation of active substances in NPs can potentiate new drug development and promote the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of NPs that can be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan-Juan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500, China
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4
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Chen X, He L, Zhang C, Zheng G, Lin S, Zou Y, Lu Y, Feng Y, Zheng D. Exploring new avenues of health protection: plant-derived nanovesicles reshape microbial communities. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:269. [PMID: 38764018 PMCID: PMC11103870 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic microbial communities are crucial for human health, and dysbiosis is associated with various diseases. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have a lipid bilayer structure and contain lipids, metabolites, proteins, and RNA. They offer unique advantages in regulating microbial community homeostasis and treating diseases related to dysbiosis compared to traditional drugs. On the one hand, lipids on PDNVs serve as the primary substances that mediate specific recognition and uptake by bacteria. On the other hand, due to the multifactorial nature of PDNVs, they have the potential to enhance growth and survival of beneficial bacterial while simultaneously reducing the pathogenicity of harmful bacteria. In addition, PDNVs have the capacity to modulate bacterial metabolism, thus facilitating the establishment of a harmonious microbial equilibrium and promoting stability within the microbiota. These remarkable attributes make PDNVs a promising therapeutic approach for various conditions, including periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and skin infection diseases. However, challenges such as consistency, isolation methods, and storage need to be addressed before clinical application. This review aims to explore the value of PDNVs in regulating microbial community homeostasis and provide recommendations for their use as novel therapeutic agents for health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianghang He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Genggeng Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuoqi Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Zhang J, Ma B, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li C, Dong Y. Extracellular vesicle therapy for obesity-induced NAFLD: a comprehensive review of current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:18. [PMID: 38195552 PMCID: PMC10775587 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a chronic disease especially in Western countries, is still a tough question in the clinical therapy. With the rising prevalence of various chronic diseases, liver transplantation is expected to be the most common therapy after the next 10 years. However, there is still no approved drug for NAFLD, and targeted therapy for NAFLD is urgent. Exosomes as a kind of extracellular vesicle are cell-derived nanovesicles, which play an essential role in intercellular communication. Due to complex cell-cell interactions in the liver, exosomes as therapeutic drugs or drug delivery vesicles may be involved in physiological or pathological processes in NAFLD. Compared with other nanomaterials, exosomes as a cell-free therapy, are not dependent on cell number limitation, which means can be administered safely in high doses. Apart from this, exosomes with the advantages of being low-toxic, high stability, and low-immunological are chosen for targeted therapy for many diseases. In this review, firstly we introduced the extracellular vesicles, including the biogenesis, composition, isolation and characterization, and fundamental function of extracellular vesicles. And then we discussed the modification of extracellular vesicles, cargo packing, and artificial exosomes. Finally, the extracellular vesicles for the therapies of NAFLD are summarized. Moreover, we highlight therapeutic approaches using exosomes in the clinical treatment of NAFLD, which provide valuable insights into targeting NAFLD in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Baochen Ma
- China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengzhong Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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6
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Chen X, Xing X, Lin S, Huang L, He L, Zou Y, Zhang X, Su B, Lu Y, Zheng D. Plant-derived nanovesicles: harnessing nature's power for tissue protection and repair. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:445. [PMID: 38001440 PMCID: PMC10668476 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and aging lead to dysfunction, disfigurement, and trauma, posing significant global challenges. Creating a regenerative microenvironment to resist external stimuli and induce stem cell differentiation is essential. Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are naturally bioactive lipid bilayer nanovesicles that contain proteins, lipids, ribonucleic acid, and metabolites. They have shown potential in promoting cell growth, migration, and differentiation into various types of tissues. With immunomodulatory, microbiota regulatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging bioactivities, PDNVs are valuable in resisting external stimuli and facilitating tissue repair. The unique structure of PDNVs provides an optimal platform for drug encapsulation, and surface modifications enhance their stability and specificity. Moreover, by employing synergistic administration strategies, PDNVs can maximize their therapeutic potential. This review summarized the progress and prospects of PDNVs as regenerative tools, provided insights into their selection for repair activities based on existing studies, considered the key challenge for clinical application, and anticipated their continued prominent role in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuoqi Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianghang He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Zou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bohua Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Liegertová M, Janoušková O. Bridging the extracellular vesicle knowledge gap: insights from non-mammalian vertebrates, invertebrates, and early-diverging metazoans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1264852. [PMID: 37701784 PMCID: PMC10493277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1264852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enclosed structures that facilitate intercellular communication by transferring cargo between cells. Although predominantly studied in mammals, extracellular vesicles are ubiquitous across metazoans, and thus research in non-mammalian models is critical for fully elucidating extracellular vesicles biology. Recent advances demonstrate that extracellular vesicles mediate diverse physiological processes in non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Piscine extracellular vesicles promote fin regeneration in zebrafish and carry heat shock proteins regulated by stress. Frog extracellular vesicles containing microRNAs modulate angiogenesis, while turtle extracellular vesicles coordinate reproductive functions. Venom from snakes contains extracellular vesicles that mirror the whole venom composition and interact with mammalian cells. Invertebrates also possess extracellular vesicles involved in immunity, development, and pathogenesis. Molluscan extracellular vesicles participate in shell formation and host interactions. Arthropod models, including Drosophila, genetically dissect conserved pathways controlling extracellular vesicles biogenesis and signalling. Nematode extracellular vesicles regulate larval development, animal communication, and ageing via conserved extracellular vesicles proteins. Ancient metazoan lineages utilise extracellular vesicles as well, with cnidarian extracellular vesicles regulating immunity and regeneration. Ultimately, expanding extracellular vesicles research beyond typical biomedical models to encompass phylogenetic diversity provides an unparalleled perspective on the conserved versus specialised aspects of metazoan extracellular vesicles roles over ∼500 million years. With a primary focus on the literature from the past 5 years, this review aims to reveal fundamental insights into EV-mediated intercellular communication mechanisms shaping animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Liegertová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czechia
| | - Olga Janoušková
- CENAB, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czechia
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8
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Li A, Li D, Gu Y, Liu R, Tang X, Zhao Y, Qi F, Wei J, Liu J. Plant-derived nanovesicles: Further exploration of biomedical function and application potential. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3300-3320. [PMID: 37655320 PMCID: PMC10465964 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer vesicles actively secreted by cells, that contain a variety of functional nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and are important mediums of intercellular communication. Based on their natural properties, EVs can not only retain the pharmacological effects of their source cells but also serve as natural delivery carriers. Among them, plant-derived nanovesicles (PNVs) are characterized as natural disease therapeutics with many advantages such as simplicity, safety, eco-friendliness, low cost, and low toxicity due to their abundant resources, large yield, and low risk of immunogenicity in vivo. This review systematically introduces the biogenesis, isolation methods, physical characterization, and components of PNVs, and describes their administration and cellular uptake as therapeutic agents. We highlight the therapeutic potential of PNVs as therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, wound healing, regeneration, and antiaging properties as well as their potential use in the treatment of liver disease and COVID-19. Finally, the toxicity and immunogenicity, the current clinical application, and the possible challenges in the future development of PNVs were analyzed. We expect the functions of PNVs to be further explored to promote clinical translation, thereby facilitating the development of a new framework for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongmei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fu Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing 210009, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai 201315, China
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9
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Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Spada M, Dolo V, Fais S, Logozzi M. Oral Treatment with Plant-Derived Exosomes Restores Redox Balance in H 2O 2-Treated Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37371899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are receiving much attention as a natural source of antioxidants. Previous research has shown that PDEs contain a series of bioactives and that their content varies depending on the fruit or vegetable source. It has also been shown that fruits and vegetables derived from organic agriculture produce more exosomes, are safer, free of toxic substances, and contain more bioactives. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of orally administered mixes of PDE (Exocomplex®) to restore the physiological conditions of mice treated for two weeks with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), compared with mice left untreated after the period of H2O2 administration and mice that received only water during the experimental period. The results showed that Exocomplex® had a high antioxidant capacity and contained a series of bioactives, including Catalase, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbic Acid, Melatonin, Phenolic compounds, and ATP. The oral administration of Exocomplex® to the H2O2-treated mice re-established redox balance with reduced serum levels of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but also a general recovery of the homeostatic condition at the organ level, supporting the future use of PDE for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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10
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Royal jelly extracellular vesicles promote wound healing by modulating underlying cellular responses. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:541-552. [PMID: 36895953 PMCID: PMC9989319 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera royal jelly (RJ) is a well-known remedy in traditional medicine around the world and its versatile effects range from antibacterial to anti-inflammatory properties and pro-regenerative properties. As a glandular product, RJ has been shown to contain a substantial number of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and, in this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of involvement of RJEVs in wound healing-associated effects. Molecular analysis of RJEVs verified the presence of exosomal markers such as CD63 and syntenin, and cargo molecules MRJP1, defensin-1, and jellein-3. Furthermore, RJEVs were demonstrated to modulate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and secretome, as well as decrease LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In vivo studies confirmed antibacterial effects of RJEVs and demonstrated an acceleration of wound healing in a splinted mouse model. This study suggests that RJEVs play a crucial role in the known effects of RJ by modulating the inflammatory phase and cellular response in wound healing. Transfer of RJ into the clinics has been impeded by the high complexity of the raw material. Isolating EVs from the raw RJ decreases the complexity while allowing standardization and quality control, bringing a natural nano-therapy one step closer to the clinics.
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Dietary-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles as Bacterial Modulators: Beyond MicroRNAs. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051265. [PMID: 36904264 PMCID: PMC10005434 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that food is an important factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Usually, all the attention has been focused on nutrients such as lipids, proteins, vitamins, or polyphenols. However, a pivotal role in these processes has been linked to dietary-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (DELNs). While food macro- and micronutrient composition are largely well established, there is considerable interest in these DELNs and their cargoes. In this sense, traditionally, all the attention was focused on the proteins or miRNAs contained in these vesicles. However, it has been shown that DELNs would also carry other bioactive molecules with a key role in regulating biochemical pathways and/or interactions with the host's gut microbiome affecting intracellular communication. Due to the scarce literature, it is necessary to compile the current knowledge about the antimicrobial capacity of DELNs and its possible molecular mechanisms that will serve as a starting point. For this reason, in this review, we highlight the impact of DENLs on different bacteria species modulating the host gut microbiota or antibacterial properties. It could be concluded that DELNs, isolated from both plant and animal foods, exert gut microbiota modulation. However, the presence of miRNA in the vesicle cargoes is not the only one responsible for this effect. Lipids present in the DELNs membrane or small molecules packed in may also be responsible for apoptosis signaling, inhibition, or growth promoters.
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12
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Donoso-Meneses D, Figueroa-Valdés AI, Khoury M, Alcayaga-Miranda F. Oral Administration as a Potential Alternative for the Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030716. [PMID: 36986578 PMCID: PMC10053447 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have burst into biomedicine as a natural therapeutic alternative for different diseases. Considered nanocarriers of biological origin, various studies have demonstrated the feasibility of their systemic administration, even with repeated doses. However, despite being the preferred route of physicians and patients, little is known about the clinical use of sEVs in oral administration. Different reports show that sEVs can resist the degradative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, accumulating regionally in the intestine, where they are absorbed for systemic biodistribution. Notably, observations demonstrate the efficacy of using sEVs as a nanocarrier system for a therapeutic payload to obtain a desired biological (therapeutic) effect. From another perspective, the information to date indicates that food-derived vesicles (FDVs) could be considered future nutraceutical agents since they contain or even overexpress different nutritional compounds of the foods from which they are derived, with potential effects on human health. In this review, we present and critically analyze the current information on the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of sEVs when administered orally. We also address the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote intestinal absorption and that command the therapeutic effects that have been observed. Finally, we analyze the potential nutraceutical impact that FDVs would have on human health and how their oral use could be an emerging strategy to balance nutrition in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Donoso-Meneses
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620086, Chile
| | - Aliosha I. Figueroa-Valdés
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620086, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago 7550101, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago 7620157, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago 7550101, Chile
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago 7620157, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Effects of Camel Milk Exosomes: An In Vitro Study. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020124. [PMID: 36851428 PMCID: PMC9963947 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Camel milk (CM) has potent antibacterial and antifungal effects and camel milk exosomes (CM-EXO) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of a large variety of cancer cells including HepaRG, MCF7, Hl60, and PANC1. However, little is known regarding the effects of CM-EXO on bacteria, fungi, HepG2, CaCo2, and Vero cells. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects of CM-EXO. EXOs were isolated from CM by ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry. Unlike CM, CM-EXO (6 mg/mL) had no bactericidal effects on Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Enterococcus feacalis) but they had bacteriostatic effects, especially against Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis), and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans. HepG2, CaCo2, and Vero cells were respectively treated with CM-EXOs at low (6.17, 3.60, 75.35 μg/mL), moderate (12.34, 7.20, 150.70 μg/mL), and high (24.68, 14.40, 301.40 μg/mL) doses and the results revealed that CM-EXOs triggered apoptosis in HepG2 and CaCo2 cells, but not in normal Vero cells, as revealed by high Bax expression and caspase 3 activities and lower expression of Bcl2. Interestingly, CM-EXOs also induced the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and downregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes (NrF2 and HO-1) in cancer cells but not in normal cells. CM-EXOs have antibacterial and antifungal effects as well as a selective anticancer effect against HepG2 and CaCo2 cells with a higher safety margin on normal cells.
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Liegertová M, Semerádtová A, Kocholatá M, Průšová M, Němcová L, Štofik M, Kříženecká S, Malý J, Janoušková O. Mucus-derived exosome-like vesicles from the Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris): taking advantage of invasive pest species in biotechnology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21768. [PMID: 36526668 PMCID: PMC9870906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The slug Arion vulgaris has attracted major attention as one of the worst invasive herbivore pests in Europe and is renowned for the stiff mucus it secretes for locomotion. In this study we focused on the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes and exosome-like vesicles, from Arion secretions. We developed a method for slug mucus collection and subsequent vesicle isolation by ultracentrifugation. The isolated vesicles with an average diameter of ~ 100 nm carry abundant proteins and short RNAs, as well as adhesion molecules similar to mammalian galectins. We demonstrated that the slug extracellular vesicles are internalised by plant cells and human cancer cells in in vitro assays and are loadable by bioactive compounds, which makes them an interesting tool for utilisation in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Liegertová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic ,grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Semerádtová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kocholatá
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Průšová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Němcová
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Kříženecká
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- grid.424917.d0000 0001 1379 0994Centre of Nanomaterials and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
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15
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Honey in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Recent Perspective. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172670. [PMID: 36076855 PMCID: PMC9455747 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful application of honey in wound care management has been achieved due to honey’s potent antibacterial effects, characterised by its multifactorial action. Impressive clinical efficacy has ignited its further use in diverse clinical disciplines, including stomatology. Indeed, there is increasing usage of honey in dental medicine as a preventive or therapeutic remedy for some periodontal diseases mainly associated with bacteria, such as dental caries, gingivitis and mucositides. Dental caries is undoubtedly a major oral health problem worldwide, with an increasing tendency of incidence. The purpose of this perspective review is to describe the recent progress in the laboratory and clinical use of honey in the prevention of dental caries, with emphasis on the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of honey. The role of honey in the cariogenic process is also discussed. In addition, the quality of honey and the urgent in vitro evaluation of its antibacterial/antibiofilm properties before clinical use are highlighted. Findings based on data extracted from laboratory studies demonstrate the pronounced antibacterial effect of different honeys against a number of periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans. Although the promising antibiofilm effects of honey have been reported mainly against S. mutans, these results are limited to very few studies. From a clinical point of view, honey significantly reduces dental plaque; however, it is not superior to the conventional agent. Despite the positive in vitro results, the clinical effectiveness of honey in the prevention of dental caries remains inconclusive since further robust clinical studies are needed.
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The Potentiality of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Human Health-A Comparison with Human Exosomes and Artificial Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094919. [PMID: 35563310 PMCID: PMC9101147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in science and medicine is witnessing a massive increases in literature concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs). From a morphological point of view, EVs include extracellular vesicles of a micro and nano sizes. However, this simplistic classification does not consider both the source of EVs, including the cells and the species from which Evs are obtained, and the microenvironmental condition during EV production. These two factors are of crucial importance for the potential use of Evs as therapeutic agents. In fact, the choice of the most suitable Evs for drug delivery remains an open debate, inasmuch as the use of Evs of human origin may have at least two major problems: (i) autologous Evs from a patient may deliver dangerous molecules; and (ii) the production of EVs is also limited to cell factory conditions for large-scale industrial use. Recent literature, while limited to only a few papers, when compared to the papers on the use of human EVs, suggests that plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNV) may represent a valuable tool for extensive use in health care.
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17
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Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Nanocarriers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010191. [PMID: 35008617 PMCID: PMC8745116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian exosomes have emerged as a promising class of functional materials, inspiring novel applications as therapeutic vehicles and nutraceutical compounds. Despite this, their immunogenicity has been an issue of controversy within the scientific community. Although, exosome-like vesicles, innately formed in plants and inherent to eukaryotic cell-derived vesicles, could soothe most of the concerns, they are notably underutilized as therapeutic modalities. This review highlights all efforts published so far, on the use of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as therapeutic delivery systems. A summary of the physicochemical characteristics of plant-derived EVs is provided along with their main biological composition and in vitro/in vivo evidence of their therapeutic efficacy provided where available. Despite only a hand full of clinical trials being underway, concerning these vesicles, they arguably possess significant potential as nanodelivery systems of natural origin.
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18
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Ana ID, Barlian A, Hidajah AC, Wijaya CH, Notobroto HB, Kencana Wungu TD. Challenges and strategy in treatment with exosomes for cell-free-based tissue engineering in dentistry. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO751. [PMID: 34840808 PMCID: PMC8609983 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In dentistry, problems of craniofacial, osteochondral, periodontal tissue, nerve, pulp or endodontics injuries, and osteoarthritis need regenerative therapy. The use of stem cells in dental tissue engineering pays a lot of increased attention, but there are challenges for its clinical applications. Therefore, cell-free-based tissue engineering using exosomes isolated from stem cells is regarded an alternative approach in regenerative dentistry. However, practical use of exosome is restricted by limited secretion capability of cells. For future regenerative treatment with exosomes, efficient strategies for large-scale clinical applications are being studied, including the use of ceramics-based scaffold to enhance exosome production and secretion which can resolve limited exosome secretory from the cells when compared with the existing methods available. Indeed, more research needs to be done on these strategies going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences & Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Atik Choirul Hidajah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, & Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Christofora Hanny Wijaya
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, IPB University, Bogor, 16002, Indonesia
| | - Hari Basuki Notobroto
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, & Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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19
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Leiva-Sabadini C, Alvarez S, Barrera NP, Schuh CMAP, Aguayo S. Antibacterial Effect of Honey-Derived Exosomes Containing Antimicrobial Peptides Against Oral Streptococci. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4891-4900. [PMID: 34321877 PMCID: PMC8312616 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, our group found exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EVs) in Apis mellifera honey displaying strong antibacterial effects; however, the underlying mechanism is still not understood. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to characterize the molecular and nanomechanical properties of A. mellifera honey-derived EVs in order to elucidate the mechanisms behind their antibacterial effect, as well as to determine differential antibiofilm properties against relevant oral streptococci. Methods A. mellifera honey-derived EVs (HEc-EVs) isolated via ultracentrifugation were characterized with Western Blot and ELISA to determine the presence of specific exosomal markers and antibacterial cargo, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to explore their ultrastructural and nanomechanical properties via non-destructive immobilization onto poly-L-lysine substrates. Furthermore, the effect of HEc-EVs on growth and biofilm inhibition of S. mutans was explored with microplate assays and compared to S. sanguinis. AFM was utilized to describe ultrastructural and nanomechanical alterations such as cell wall elasticity changes following HEc-EV exposure. Results Molecular characterization of HEc-EVs identified for the first time important conserved exosome markers such as CD63 and syntenin, and the antibacterial molecules MRJP1, defensin-1 and jellein-3 were found as intravesicular cargo. Nanomechanical characterization revealed that honey-derived EVs were mostly <150nm, with elastic modulus values in the low MPa range, comparable to EVs from other biological sources. Furthermore, incubating oral streptococci with EVs confirmed their antibacterial and antibiofilm capacities, displaying an increased effect on S. mutans compared to S. sanguinis. AFM nanocharacterization showed topographical and nanomechanical alterations consistent with membrane damage on S. mutans. Conclusion Honey is a promising new source of highly active EVs with exosomal origin, containing a number of antibacterial peptides as cargo molecules. Furthermore, the differential effect of HEC-EVs on S. mutans and S. sanguinis may serve as a novel biofilm-modulating strategy in dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Leiva-Sabadini
- Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon Alvarez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Ramírez OJ, Alvarez S, Contreras-Kallens P, Barrera NP, Aguayo S, Schuh CMAP. Type I collagen hydrogels as a delivery matrix for royal jelly derived extracellular vesicles. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1308-1318. [PMID: 32924637 PMCID: PMC7534280 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular
in several areas of regenerative medicine. Recently, Apis
mellifera royal jelly EVs (RJ EVs) were shown to display favorable wound
healing properties such as stimulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration and inhibition
of staphylococcal biofilms. However, the sustained and effective local delivery of EVs in
non-systemic approaches – such as patches for chronic cutaneous wounds – remains an
important challenge for the development of novel EV-based wound healing therapies.
Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the suitability of type I collagen -a
well-established biomaterial for wound healing – as a continuous delivery matrix. RJ EVs
were integrated into collagen gels at different concentrations, where gels containing
2 mg/ml collagen were found to display the most stable release kinetics. Functionality of
released RJ EVs was confirmed by assessing fibroblast EV uptake and migration in a wound
healing assay. We could demonstrate reliable EV uptake into fibroblasts with a sustained
pro-migratory effect for up to 7 d. Integrating fibroblasts into the RJ EV-containing
collagen gel increased the contractile capacity of these cells, confirming availability of
RJ EVs to fibroblasts within the collagen gel. Furthermore, EVs released from collagen
gels were found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213
biofilm formation. Overall, our results suggest that type I collagen could be utilized as
a reliable, reproducible release system to deliver functional RJ EVs for wound healing
therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando J Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamina Contreras-Kallens
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Peršurić Ž, Pavelić SK. Bioactives from Bee Products and Accompanying Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Bioactive Components for Wound Healing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123770. [PMID: 34205731 PMCID: PMC8233762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest has surged among researchers to determine compounds from bee products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis and bee pollen, which are beneficial to human health. Mass spectrometry techniques have shown that bee products contain a number of proven health-promoting compounds but also revealed rather high diversity in the chemical composition of bee products depending on several factors, such as for example botanical sources and geographical origin. In the present paper, we present recent scientific advances in the field of major bioactive compounds from bee products and corresponding regenerative properties. We also discuss extracellular vesicles from bee products as a potential novel bioactive nutraceutical component. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membranous structures that show promising potential in various therapeutic areas. It has been extensively reported that the use of vesicles, which are naturally formed in plant and animal cells, as delivery agents have many advantages. Whether the use of extracellular vesicles from bee products represents a new solution for wound healing remains still to be elucidated. However, promising results in specific applications of the bee products in wound healing and tissue regenerative properties of extracellular vesicles provide a good rationale to further explore this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Peršurić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka 30, HR-52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora Cara Emina 5, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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22
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The Maze Pathway of Coevolution: A Critical Review over the Leishmania and Its Endosymbiotic History. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050657. [PMID: 33925663 PMCID: PMC8146029 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of the genus Leishmania as the causative agent of leishmaniasis occurred in the modern age. However, evolutionary studies suggest that the origin of Leishmania can be traced back to the Mesozoic era. Subsequently, during its evolutionary process, it achieved worldwide dispersion predating the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. It is assumed that this parasite evolved from monoxenic Trypanosomatidae. Phylogenetic studies locate dixenous Leishmania in a well-supported clade, in the recently named subfamily Leishmaniinae, which also includes monoxenous trypanosomatids. Virus-like particles have been reported in many species of this family. To date, several Leishmania species have been reported to be infected by Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) and Leishbunyavirus (LBV). Since the first descriptions of LRVs decades ago, differences in their genomic structures have been highlighted, leading to the designation of LRV1 in L. (Viannia) species and LRV2 in L. (Leishmania) species. There are strong indications that viruses that infect Leishmania spp. have the ability to enhance parasitic survival in humans as well as in experimental infections, through highly complex and specialized mechanisms. Phylogenetic analyses of these viruses have shown that their genomic differences correlate with the parasite species infected, suggesting a coevolutionary process. Herein, we will explore what has been described in the literature regarding the relationship between Leishmania and endosymbiotic Leishmania viruses and what is known about this association that could contribute to discussions about the worldwide dispersion of Leishmania.
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Mollah MMI, Ahmed S, Kim Y. Immune mediation of HMG-like DSP1 via Toll-Spätzle pathway and its specific inhibition by salicylic acid analogs. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009467. [PMID: 33765093 PMCID: PMC8023496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus hominickii, an entomopathogenic bacterium, inhibits eicosanoid biosynthesis of target insects to suppress their immune responses by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) through binding to a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule called dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) from Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect. However, the signalling pathway between DSP1 and PLA2 remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether DSP1 could activate Toll immune signalling pathway to activate PLA2 activation and whether X. hominickii metabolites could inhibit DSP1 to shutdown eicosanoid biosynthesis. Toll-Spätzle (Spz) signalling pathway includes two Spz (SeSpz1 and SeSpz2) and 10 Toll receptors (SeToll1-10) in S. exigua. Loss-of-function approach using RNA interference showed that SeSpz1 and SeToll9 played crucial roles in connecting DSP1 mediation to activate PLA2. Furthermore, a deletion mutant against SeToll9 using CRISPR/Cas9 abolished DSP1 mediation and induced significant immunosuppression. Organic extracts of X. hominickii culture broth could bind to DSP1 at a low micromolar range. Subsequent sequential fractionations along with binding assays led to the identification of seven potent compounds including 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenol (EMP). EMP could bind to DSP1 and prevent its translocation to plasma in response to bacterial challenge and suppress the up-regulation of PLA2 activity. These results suggest that X. hominickii inhibits DSP1 and prevents its DAMP role in activating Toll immune signalling pathway including PLA2 activation, leading to significant immunosuppression of target insects. Immune responses of insects are highly effective in defending various entomopathogens. Xenorhabdus hominickii is an entomopathogenic bacterium that uses a pathogenic strategy of suppressing host insect immunity by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) which catalyzes the committed step for eicosanoid biosynthesis. Eicosanoids mediate both cellular and humoral immune responses in insects. This study discovers an upstream signalling pathway to activate PLA2 in response to bacterial challenge. Se-DSP1 is an insect homolog of vertebrate HMGB1 that acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Upon bacterial infection, Se-DSP1 is released to the circulatory system to activate Spätzle, an insect cytokine that can bind to Toll receptor. Toll immune signalling pathway can activate antimicrobial peptide gene expression and PLA2. A deletion mutant against a Toll gene abolished immune responses mediated by Se-DSP1. Indeed, X. hominickii can produce and secrete secondary metabolites including salicylic acid analogs that can strongly bind to Se-DSP1. These bacterial metabolites prevented the release of Se-DSP1, which impaired the activation of PLA2 and resulted in a significant immunosuppression of target insects against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahi Imam Mollah
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Santos D, Remans S, Van den Brande S, Vanden Broeck J. RNAs on the Go: Extracellular Transfer in Insects with Promising Prospects for Pest Management. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:484. [PMID: 33806650 PMCID: PMC8001424 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-mediated pathways form an important regulatory layer of myriad biological processes. In the last decade, the potential of RNA molecules to contribute to the control of agricultural pests has not been disregarded, specifically via the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. In fact, several proofs-of-concept have been made in this scope. Furthermore, a novel research field regarding extracellular RNAs and RNA-based intercellular/interorganismal communication is booming. In this article, we review key discoveries concerning extracellular RNAs in insects, insect RNA-based cell-to-cell communication, and plant-insect transfer of RNA. In addition, we overview the molecular mechanisms implicated in this form of communication and discuss future biotechnological prospects, namely from the insect pest-control perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Santos
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.R.); (S.V.d.B.); (J.V.B.)
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Uversky VN, Albar AH, Khan RH, Redwan EM. Multifunctionality and intrinsic disorder of royal jelly proteome. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000237. [PMID: 33463023 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Royal Jelly (RJ) is a gelatinous white-yellowish fluid, possessing a sour taste and a slight phenolic smell that is secreted by the hypopharyngeal and mandibular salivary glands of the nurse honeybees, and is used in nutrition of larvae and adult queens. Similar to other substances associated with the activities of honeybees, RJ not only contains nutritive components, such as carbohydrates, proteins, peptides, lipids, vitamins, and mineral salts, but also represents a natural ingredient with cosmetic and health-promoting properties. RJ is characterized by remarkable multifunctionality, possessing numerous biological activities. Although this multifunctionality of RJ can be considered as a consequence of its complex nature, many proteins and peptides in RJ are polyfunctional entities themselves. In this article, we show that RJ proteins contain different levels of intrinsic disorder, have sites of post-translational modifications, can be found in multiple isoforms, and many of them possess disorder-based binding sites, suggesting that the conformational ensembles of the RJ proteins might undergo change as a result of their interaction with specific binding partners. All these observations suggest that the multifunctionality of proteins and peptides from RJ is determined by their structural heterogeneity and polymorphism, and serve as an illustration of the protein structure-function continuum concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia.,Protein Research Group, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia.,Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan H Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 80203, Saudi Arabia
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Didaras NA, Karatasou K, Dimitriou TG, Amoutzias GD, Mossialos D. Antimicrobial Activity of Bee-Collected Pollen and Beebread: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110811. [PMID: 33202560 PMCID: PMC7697837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee-collected pollen (BCP) is a well-known functional food. Honey bees process the collected pollen and store it in the hive, inside the comb cells. The processed pollen is called bee- bread or ambrosia and it is the main source of proteins, lipids, vitamins, macro-and micro-elements in honey bee nutrition. During storage, beebread undergoes solid state fermentation which preserves it and increases the bioavailability of nutrients. Research on beebread has been rather limited until now. In recent years, there is an increasing interest regarding the antimicrobial properties of BCP and beebread, due to emerging antimicrobial resistance by pathogens. Both BCP and beebread exhibit antimicrobial properties against diverse pathogens, like bacteria and fungi. As is the case with other bee products, lack of antimicrobial resistance might be attributed to the synergy of more than one antimicrobial compounds within BCP and beebread. Furthermore, BCP and bee bread exert targeted activity against pathogens and affect the host microbiome in a prebiotic manner. This review aims to present up to date research findings regarding these aspects as well as to discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Asoutis Didaras
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Katerina Karatasou
- Apicultural Centre of Larissa, Federation of Greek Beekeepers Associations, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Tilemachos G Dimitriou
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
| | - Grigoris D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece;
| | - Dimitris Mossialos
- Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Volos, Greece; (N.A.D.); (T.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-056-5270
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Schuh CMAP, Benso B, Naulin PA, Barrera NP, Bozec L, Aguayo S. Modulatory Effect of Glycated Collagen on Oral Streptococcal Nanoadhesion. J Dent Res 2020; 100:82-89. [PMID: 32758105 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520946320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-mediated oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease remain highly prevalent in populations worldwide. Biofilm formation initiates with the attachment of primary colonizers onto surfaces, and in the context of caries, the adhesion of oral streptococci to dentinal collagen is crucial for biofilm progression. It is known that dentinal collagen suffers from glucose-associated crosslinking as a function of aging or disease; however, the effect of collagen crosslinking on the early adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation of relevant oral streptococci remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the impact of collagen glycation on the initial adhesion of primary colonizers such as Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Streptococcus sanguinis SK 36, as well as its effect on the early stages of streptococcal biofilm formation in vitro. Type I collagen matrices were crosslinked with either glucose or methylglyoxal. Atomic force microscopy nanocharacterization revealed morphologic and mechanical changes within the collagen matrix as a function of crosslinking, such as a significantly increased elastic modulus in crosslinked fibrils. Increased nanoadhesion forces were observed for S. mutans on crosslinked collagen surfaces as compared with the control, and retraction curves obtained for both streptococcal strains demonstrated nanoscale unbinding behavior consistent with bacterial adhesin-substrate coupling. Overall, glucose-crosslinked substrates specifically promoted the initial adhesion, biofilm formation, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide production of S. mutans, while methylglyoxal treatment reduced biofilm formation for both strains. Changes in the adhesion behavior and biofilm formation of oral streptococci as a function of collagen glycation could help explain the biofilm dysbiosis seen in older people and patients with diabetes. Further studies are necessary to determine the influence of collagen crosslinking on the balance between acidogenic and nonacidogenic streptococci to aid in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic treatment against dental caries in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M A P Schuh
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P A Naulin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - N P Barrera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Bozec
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Aguayo
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Safflospermidines from the bee pollen of Helianthus annuus L. exhibit a higher in vitro antityrosinase activity than kojic acid. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03638. [PMID: 32215336 PMCID: PMC7090343 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ozone deterioration in the atmosphere has become a severe problem causing overexposure of ultraviolet light, which results in humans in melanin overproduction and can lead to many diseases, such as skin cancer and melasma, as well as undesirable esthetic appearances, such as freckles and hyperpigmentation. Although many compounds inhibit melanin overproduction, some of them are cytotoxic, unstable, and can cause skin irritation. Thus, searching for new natural compounds with antityrosinase activity and less/no side effects is still required. Here, bee pollen derived from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was evaluated. Materials and methods Sunflower bee pollen (SBP) was collected from Apis mellifera bees in Lopburi province, Thailand in 2017, extracted by methanol and sequentially partitioned with hexane and dichloromethane (DCM). The in vitro antityrosinase activity was evaluated using mushroom tyrosinase and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) is reported. The antioxidation activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and reported as the half maximal effective concentration. Two pure compounds with antityrosinase activity were isolated by silica gel 60 column chromatography (SG60CC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their chemical structure deduced by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Results The DCM partitioned extract of SBP (DCMSBP) had an antityrosinase activity (IC50, 159.4 μg/mL) and was fractionated by SG60CC, providing five fractions (DCMSBP1-5). The DCMSBP5 fraction was the most active (IC50 = 18.8 μg/mL) and further fractionation by HPLC gave two active fractions, revealed by NMR analysis to be safflospermidine A and B. Interestingly, both safflospermidine A and B had a higher antityrosinase activity (IC50 of 13.8 and 31.8 μM, respectively) than kojic acid (IC50 of 44.0 μM). However, fraction DCMSBP5 had no significant antioxidation activity, while fractions DCMSBP1-4 showed a lower antioxidation activity than ascorbic acid. Conclusion Safflospermidine A and B are potential natural tyrosinase inhibitors.
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