1
|
Shi L, Mastracchio C, Saytashev I, Ye M. Low frequency ultrasound elicits broad cortical responses inhibited by ketamine in mice. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2024; 3:120. [PMID: 39192002 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The neuromodulatory effects of >250 kHz ultrasound have been well-demonstrated, but the impact of lower-frequency ultrasound, which can transmit better through air and the skull, on the brain is unclear. This study investigates the biological impact of 40 kHz pulsed ultrasound on the brain using calcium imaging and electrophysiology in mice. Our findings reveal burst duration-dependent neural responses in somatosensory and auditory cortices, resembling responses to 12 kHz audible tone, in vivo. In vitro brain slice experiments show no neural responses to 300 kPa 40 kHz ultrasound, implying indirect network effects. Ketamine fully blocks neural responses to ultrasound in both cortices but only partially affects 12 kHz audible tone responses in the somatosensory cortex and has no impact on auditory cortex 12 kHz responses. This suggests that low-frequency ultrasound's cortical effects rely heavily on NMDA receptors and may involve mechanisms beyond indirect auditory cortex activation. This research uncovers potential low-frequency ultrasound effects and mechanisms in the brain, offering a path for future neuromodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linli Shi
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Christina Mastracchio
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ilyas Saytashev
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Meijun Ye
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shentu CY, Wang HB, Peng X, Xu DC, Qian LN, Chen Y, Peng LH. Progress and Challenges of Topical Delivery Technologies Meditated Drug Therapy for Osteoarthritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8337-8352. [PMID: 39161359 PMCID: PMC11330747 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s466437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly people. Multiple cytokines are involved in the local tissue damage in OA. Currently, non-pharmacologic and surgical interventions are the main conventional approaches for the treatment of OA. In terms of pharmaceutical drug therapy, NSAIDs and acetaminophen are mainly used to treat OA. However, it is prone to various adverse reactions such as digestive tract ulcer, thromboembolism, prosthesis loosening, nerve injury and so on. With the in-depth study of OA, more and more novel topical drug delivery strategies and vehicles have been developed, which can make up for the shortcomings of traditional dosage forms, improve the bioavailability of drugs, and significantly reduce drug side effects. This review summarizes the immunopathogenesis, treatment guidelines, and progress and challenges of topical delivery technologies of OA, with some perspectives on the future pharmacological treatment of OA proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Shentu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Bin Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321299, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Chen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321299, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321299, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang G, Zhou Y, Yu C, Yang Q, Chen L, Ling S, Chen P, Xing J, Wu H, Zhao Q. Intravital photoacoustic brain stimulation with high-precision. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11520. [PMID: 38333219 PMCID: PMC10851606 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Significance Neural regulation at high precision vitally contributes to propelling fundamental understanding in the field of neuroscience and providing innovative clinical treatment options. Recently, photoacoustic brain stimulation has emerged as a cutting-edge method for precise neuromodulation and shows great potential for clinical application. Aim The goal of this perspective is to outline the advancements in photoacoustic brain stimulation in recent years. And, we also provide an outlook delineating several prospective paths through which this burgeoning approach may be substantively refined for augmented capability and wider implementations. Approach First, the mechanisms of photoacoustic generation as well as the potential mechanisms of photoacoustic brain stimulation are provided and discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art achievements corresponding to this technology are reviewed. Finally, future directions for photoacoustic technology in neuromodulation are provided. Results Intensive research endeavors have prompted substantial advancements in photoacoustic brain stimulation, illuminating the unique advantages of this modality for noninvasive and high-precision neuromodulation via a nongenetic way. It is envisaged that further technology optimization and randomized prospective clinical trials will enable a wide acceptance of photoacoustic brain stimulation in clinical practice. Conclusions The innovative practice of photoacoustic technology serves as a multifaceted neuromodulation approach, possessing noninvasive, high-accuracy, and nongenetic characteristics. It has a great potential that could considerably enhance not only the fundamental underpinnings of neuroscience research but also its practical implementations in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Wang
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhui Yu
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuting Ling
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Xing
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Badawe HM, El Hassan RH, Khraiche ML. Modeling ultrasound modulation of neural function in a single cell. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22522. [PMID: 38046165 PMCID: PMC10686887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low intensity ultrasound stimulation has been shown to non-invasively modulate neural function in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) with high precision. Ultrasound sonication is capable of either excitation or inhibition, depending on the ultrasound parameters used. On the other hand, the mode of interaction of ultrasonic waves with the neural tissue for effective neuromodulation remains ambiguous. New method Here within we propose a numerical model that incorporates the mechanical effects of ultrasound stimulation on the Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neuron by incorporating the relation between increased external pressure and the membrane induced tension, with a stress on the flexoelectric effect on the neural membrane. The external pressure causes an increase in the total tension of the membrane thus affecting the probability of the ion channels being open after the conformational changes that those channels undergo. Results The interplay between varying the acoustic intensities and frequencies depicts different action potential suppression rates, whereby a combination of low intensity and low frequency ultrasound sonication proved to be the most effective in modulating neural function.Comparison with Existing Methods: Our method solely depends on the HH model of a single neuron and the linear flexoelectric effect of the dielectric neural membrane, when under an ultrasound-induced mechanical strain, while varying the ion-channels conductances based on different sonication frequencies and intensities. We study the effect of ultrasound parameters on the firing rate, latency, and action potential amplitude of a HH neuron for a better understanding of the neuromodulation modality of ultrasound stimulation (in the continuous and pulsed modes). Conclusions This simulation work confirms the published experimental data that low intensity and low frequency ultrasound sonication has a higher success rate of modulating neural firing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Badawe
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima H. El Hassan
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Massoud L. Khraiche
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cadoni S, Demené C, Alcala I, Provansal M, Nguyen D, Nelidova D, Labernède G, Lubetzki J, Goulet R, Burban E, Dégardin J, Simonutti M, Gauvain G, Arcizet F, Marre O, Dalkara D, Roska B, Sahel JA, Tanter M, Picaud S. Ectopic expression of a mechanosensitive channel confers spatiotemporal resolution to ultrasound stimulations of neurons for visual restoration. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:667-676. [PMID: 37012508 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Remote and precisely controlled activation of the brain is a fundamental challenge in the development of brain-machine interfaces for neurological treatments. Low-frequency ultrasound stimulation can be used to modulate neuronal activity deep in the brain, especially after expressing ultrasound-sensitive proteins. But so far, no study has described an ultrasound-mediated activation strategy whose spatiotemporal resolution and acoustic intensity are compatible with the mandatory needs of brain-machine interfaces, particularly for visual restoration. Here we combined the expression of large-conductance mechanosensitive ion channels with uncustomary high-frequency ultrasonic stimulation to activate retinal or cortical neurons over millisecond durations at a spatiotemporal resolution and acoustic energy deposit compatible with vision restoration. The in vivo sonogenetic activation of the visual cortex generated a behaviour associated with light perception. Our findings demonstrate that sonogenetics can deliver millisecond pattern presentations via an approach less invasive than current brain-machine interfaces for visual restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cadoni
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Charlie Demené
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, CNRS, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Alcala
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Diep Nguyen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Dasha Nelidova
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jules Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Goulet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Emma Burban
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dégardin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Simonutti
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Gauvain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Arcizet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Marre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Botond Roska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - José Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des XV-XX, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM, CNRS, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects and mechanotransduction pathways of therapeutic ultrasound on healthy and osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:317-339. [PMID: 36481451 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanotransduction pathways of therapeutic ultrasound on chondrocytes. METHOD PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched up to 19th September 2021 to identify in vitro studies exploring ultrasound to stimulate chondrocytes for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Study characteristics, ultrasound parameters, in vitro setup, and mechanotransduction pathways were collected. Risk of bias was judged using the Risk of Bias Assessment for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) tool. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included comprising healthy and OA chondrocytes and explants. Most studies had high risk of performance, detection and pseudoreplication bias due to lack of temperature control, setup calibration, inadequate semi-quantitatively analyzes and independent experiments. Ultrasound was applied to the culture plate via acoustic gel, water bath or culture media. Regardless of the setup used, ultrasound stimulated the cartilage production and suppressed its degradation, although the effect size was nonsignificant. Ultrasound inhibited p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and factor nuclear kappa B (NFκB) pathways in OA chondrocytes to reduce apoptosis, inflammation and matrix degradation, while triggered phosphoinositide-3-kinase/akt (PI3K/Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and JNK pathways in healthy chondrocytes to promote matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION The included studies suggest that ultrasound application induces therapeutic effects on chondrocytes. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because high risk of performance, detection and pseudoreplication bias were identified. Future studies should explore the application of ultrasound on human OA chondrocytes cultures to potentiate the applicability of ultrasound towards cartilage regeneration of knee with OA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hersey E, Rodriguez M, Johnsen E. Dynamics of an oscillating microbubble in a blood-like Carreau fluid. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:1836. [PMID: 37002083 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A numerical model for cavitation in blood is developed based on the Keller-Miksis equation for spherical bubble dynamics with the Carreau model to represent the non-Newtonian behavior of blood. Three different pressure waveforms driving the bubble oscillations are considered: a single-cycle Gaussian waveform causing free growth and collapse, a sinusoidal waveform continuously driving the bubble, and a multi-cycle pulse relevant to contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Parameters in the Carreau model are fit to experimental measurements of blood viscosity. In the Carreau model, the relaxation time constant is 5-6 orders of magnitude larger than the Rayleigh collapse time. As a result, non-Newtonian effects do not significantly modify the bubble dynamics but do give rise to variations in the near-field stresses as non-Newtonian behavior is observed at distances 10-100 initial bubble radii away from the bubble wall. For sinusoidal forcing, a scaling relation is found for the maximum non-Newtonian length, as well as for the shear stress, which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than the maximum bubble radius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hersey
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mauro Rodriguez
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Eric Johnsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Portilla G, Montero de Espinosa F. Device for Dual Ultrasound and Dry Needling Trigger Points Treatment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:580. [PMID: 36679375 PMCID: PMC9865287 DOI: 10.3390/s23020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a well-known tool to produce thermal and non-thermal effects on cells and tissues. These effects require an appropriate application of ultrasound in terms of localization and acoustic energy delivered. This article describes a new device that combines ultrasound and dry needling treatments. The non-thermal effects of ultrasound should locally amplify the needle's effects. The ultrasound transducer can mechanically rotate in 3D space to align itself in the direction of the needle. The transducer electronically focuses the acoustic pressure automatically on the needle tip and its surroundings. A computer, using graphical interface software, controls the angulation of the array and the focus position.
Collapse
|
9
|
Attali D, Tiennot T, Schafer M, Fouragnan E, Sallet J, Caskey CF, Chen R, Darmani G, Bubrick EJ, Butler C, Stagg CJ, Klein-Flügge M, Verhagen L, Yoo SS, Pauly KB, Aubry JF. Three-layer model with absorption for conservative estimation of the maximum acoustic transmission coefficient through the human skull for transcranial ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:48-55. [PMID: 36549480 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has been shown to be a safe and effective technique for non-invasive superficial and deep brain stimulation. Safe and efficient translation to humans requires estimating the acoustic attenuation of the human skull. Nevertheless, there are no international guidelines for estimating the impact of the skull bone. A tissue independent, arbitrary derating was developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to take into account tissue absorption (0.3 dB/cm-MHz) for diagnostic ultrasound. However, for the case of transcranial ultrasound imaging, the FDA model does not take into account the insertion loss induced by the skull bone, nor the absorption by brain tissue. Therefore, the estimated absorption is overly conservative which could potentially limit TUS applications if the same guidelines were to be adopted. Here we propose a three-layer model including bone absorption to calculate the maximum pressure transmission through the human skull for frequencies ranging between 100 kHz and 1.5 MHz. The calculated pressure transmission decreases with the frequency and the thickness of the bone, with peaks for each thickness corresponding to a multiple of half the wavelength. The 95th percentile maximum transmission was calculated over the accessible surface of 20 human skulls for 12 typical diameters of the ultrasound beam on the skull surface, and varies between 40% and 78%. To facilitate the safe adjustment of the acoustic pressure for short ultrasound pulses, such as transcranial imaging or transcranial ultrasound stimulation, a table summarizes the maximum pressure transmission for each ultrasound beam diameter and each frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France; Pôle Paris 16 (Secteurs 17-18) et Pôle Neuro Sainte-Anne, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Tiennot
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mark Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elsa Fouragnan
- Brain Research Imaging Center and School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK; School of Psychology, Portland Square, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, VU Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Robert Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Darmani
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen J Bubrick
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Butler
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 9th Floor, Sir Michael Uren Hub, 86 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Miriam Klein-Flügge
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li N, Gaur P, Quah K, Pauly KB. Improving in situ acoustic intensity estimates using MR acoustic radiation force imaging in combination with multifrequency MR elastography. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1673-1689. [PMID: 35762849 PMCID: PMC9439407 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) enables focal spot localization during nonablative transcranial ultrasound therapies. As the acoustic radiation force is proportional to the applied acoustic intensity, measured MR-ARFI displacements could potentially be used to estimate the acoustic intensity at the target. However, variable brain stiffness is an obstacle. The goal of this study was to develop and assess a method to accurately estimate the acoustic intensity at the focus using MR-ARFI displacements in combination with viscoelastic properties obtained with multifrequency MR elastography (MRE). METHODS Phantoms with a range of viscoelastic properties were fabricated, and MR-ARFI displacements were acquired within each phantom using multiple acoustic intensities. Voigt model parameters were estimated for each phantom based on storage and loss moduli measured using multifrequency MRE, and these were used to predict the relationship between acoustic intensity and measured displacement. RESULTS Using assumed viscoelastic properties, MR-ARFI displacements alone could not accurately estimate acoustic intensity across phantoms. For example, acoustic intensities were underestimated in phantoms stiffer than the assumed stiffness and overestimated in phantoms softer than the assumed stiffness. This error was greatly reduced using individualized viscoelasticity measurements obtained from MRE. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that viscoelasticity information from MRE could be used in combination with MR-ARFI displacements to obtain more accurate estimates of acoustic intensity. Additionally, Voigt model viscosity parameters were found to be predictive of the relaxation rate of each phantom's time-varying displacement response, which could be used to optimize patient-specific MR-ARFI pulse sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pooja Gaur
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristin Quah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu T, Choi MH, Zhu J, Zhu T, Yang J, Li N, Chen Z, Xian Q, Hou X, He D, Guo J, Fei C, Sun L, Qiu Z. Sonogenetics: Recent advances and future directions. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1308-1317. [PMID: 36130679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonogenetics refers to the use of genetically encoded, ultrasound-responsive mediators for noninvasive and selective control of neural activity. It is a promising tool for studying neural circuits. However, due to its infancy, basic studies and developments are still underway, including gauging key in vivo performance metrics such as spatiotemporal resolution, selectivity, specificity, and safety. In this paper, we summarize recent findings on sonogenetics to highlight technical hurdles that have been cleared, challenges that remain, and future directions for optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Mi Hyun Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Jiejun Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China; School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China; School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanxiang Xian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuandi Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongmin He
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlong Fei
- School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhihai Qiu
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith M, Khan S, Curiel L. Investigation of hardware and software techniques to enhance the characteristics of focused ultrasound (FUS) spectra. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Microbubble cavitation generated by focused ultrasound (FUS) can induce safe blood-brain-barrier (BBB) opening allowing therapeutic drug passage. Spectral changes in the hydrophone sensor signal are currently used to distinguish stable cavitation from inertial cavitation that can damage the BBB. Gibbs’ ringing, peak intensity loss and peak width increase are well-known distortions evident when using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to transform data containing a few hundred points. We investigate overcoming the fact that FUS time signals (10 ms providing 312 500 points sampled at 32 ns intervals) can generate such sharp spectral peaks that variations in their DFT-related distortions can significantly impact the values of the key metrics used for cavitation characterization. Approach. We introduce low-pass filter hardware to improve how the analogue to digital convertor handles high-frequency noise components and the orders of magnitude differences between FUS harmonic intensities. We investigate the enhanced FUS spectral stability and resolution obtained from a new technique, physical sparsification (PH-SP), customized to the a-priori information that all key FUS components are harmonically related. Results are compared with standard DFT optimizations involving time data windowing and Fourier interpolation. Main results. A new simulation model showed peak intensity, widths and metrics modified by small changes in the transformed signal’s length when removing the noisy starting transient of the FUS hydrophone signal or following minor excitation frequency or sampling rate adjustments. 25%–60% area-under-the-curve changes occurred in phantom studies at different pressure levels. Spectral peak sharpness was best optimized and stabilized with PH-SP. Significance. Special FUS characteristics mean starting transients and minor variations in experimental procedures lead to significant changes in the spectral metrics used to monitor cavitation levels. Customizing PH-SP to these characteristics led to sharper, more stable spectra with the potential to track the impact of microbubble environment changes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi L, Jiang Y, Zheng N, Cheng JX, Yang C. High-precision neural stimulation through optoacoustic emitters. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:032207. [PMID: 35355658 PMCID: PMC8941197 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.3.032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation poses an invaluable role in deciphering neural circuits and exploring clinical treatment of neurological diseases. Optoacoustic neuromodulation is an emerging modality benefiting from the merits of ultrasound with high penetration depth as well as the merits of photons with high spatial precision. We summarize recent development in a variety of optoacoustic platforms for neural modulation, including fiber, film, and nanotransducer-based devices, highlighting the key advantages of each platform. The possible mechanisms and main barriers for optoacoustics as a viable neuromodulation tool are discussed. Future directions in fundamental and translational research are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linli Shi
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nan Zheng
- Boston University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Chen Yang, ; Ji-Xin Cheng,
| | - Chen Yang
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Chen Yang, ; Ji-Xin Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Perra E, Hayward N, Pritzker KPH, Nieminen HJ. An ultrasonically actuated fine-needle creates cavitation in bovine liver. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:3690. [PMID: 35778205 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic cavitation is being used in medical applications as a way to influence matter, such as tissue or drug vehicles, on a micro-scale. Oscillating or collapsing cavitation bubbles provide transient mechanical force fields, which can, e.g., fractionate soft tissue or even disintegrate solid objects, such as calculi. Our recent study demonstrates that an ultrasonically actuated medical needle can create cavitation phenomena inside water. However, the presence and behavior of cavitation and related bioeffects in diagnostic and therapeutic applications with ultrasonically actuated needles are not known. Using simulations, we demonstrate numerically and experimentally the cavitation phenomena near ultrasonically actuated needles. We define the cavitation onset within a liver tissue model with different total acoustic power levels. We directly visualize and quantitatively characterize cavitation events generated by the ultrasonic needle in thin fresh bovine liver sections enabled by high-speed imaging. On a qualitative basis, the numerical and experimental results show a close resemblance in threshold and spatial distribution of cavitation. These findings are crucial for developing new methods and technologies employing ultrasonically actuated fine needles, such as ultrasound-enhanced fine-needle biopsy, drug delivery, and histotripsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Perra
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Nick Hayward
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Kenneth P H Pritzker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Heikki J Nieminen
- Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory (MEDUSA), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Becker AB, Chen L, Ning B, Hu S, Hossack JA, Klibanov AL, Annex BH, French BA. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Reveals Partial Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia as Opposed to Full Recovery by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1058-1069. [PMID: 35287996 PMCID: PMC9872654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are critical in developing new therapeutic approaches to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Despite decades of research and numerous clinical trials, the efficacy of available therapies is limited. This may suggest shortcomings in our current animal models and/or methods of assessment. We evaluated perfusion measurement methods in a mouse model of PAD by comparing laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI, the most common technique), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS, an emerging technique) and fluorescent microspheres (conventional standard). Mice undergoing a femoral artery ligation were assessed by LDPI and CEUS at baseline and 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 150 d post-surgery to evaluate perfusion recovery in the ischemic hindlimb. Fourteen days after surgery, additional mice were measured with fluorescent microspheres, LDPI, and CEUS. LDPI and CEUS resulted in broadly similar trends of perfusion recovery until 7 d post-surgery. However, by day 14, LDPI indicated full recovery of perfusion, whereas CEUS indicated ∼50% recovery, which failed to improve even after 5 mo. In agreement with the CEUS results, fluorescent microspheres at day 14 post-surgery confirmed that perfusion recovery was incomplete. Histopathology and photoacoustic microscopy provided further evidence of sustained vascular abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lanlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dell'Italia J, Sanguinetti JL, Monti MM, Bystritsky A, Reggente N. Current State of Potential Mechanisms Supporting Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Neuromodulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:872639. [PMID: 35547195 PMCID: PMC9081930 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.872639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) has been gaining traction as a non-invasive neuromodulation technology due to its superior spatial specificity relative to transcranial electrical/magnetic stimulation. Despite a growing literature of LIFU-induced behavioral modifications, the mechanisms of action supporting LIFU's parameter-dependent excitatory and suppressive effects are not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the underlying mechanics of both acoustic energy and neuronal membranes, defining the primary variables for a subsequent review of the field's proposed mechanisms supporting LIFU's neuromodulatory effects. An exhaustive review of the empirical literature was also conducted and studies were grouped based on the sonication parameters used and behavioral effects observed, with the goal of linking empirical findings to the proposed theoretical mechanisms and evaluating which model best fits the existing data. A neuronal intramembrane cavitation excitation model, which accounts for differential effects as a function of cell-type, emerged as a possible explanation for the range of excitatory effects found in the literature. The suppressive and other findings need additional theoretical mechanisms and these theoretical mechanisms need to have established relationships to sonication parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Dell'Italia
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John Dell'Italia
| | - Joseph L. Sanguinetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Tiny Blue Dot Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Nicco Reggente
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, United States
- Tiny Blue Dot Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Portilla Tuesta G, Montero de Espinosa F. System and method for applying physiotherapeutic focused ultrasound. ULTRASONICS 2022; 121:106693. [PMID: 35093669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite many years of clinical use of ultrasound, the results of different reviews of controlled trials on the efficacy of ultrasound physical therapy for different musculoskeletal injuries continue to question its efficacy. However, "in vitro" experiments with well-controlled cell cultures and experiments with animal models show positive results. The question is whether the commercial systems used by physiotherapists can deliver the required ultrasonic dose to the exact location on the body. The object of this work is the design, realization and testing of a new concept of ultrasound system for Physiotherapy capable of focusing the ultrasound beam to apply the required ultrasonic energy dose at the point targeted by the physiotherapist. The system is designed for non-thermal effects Physiotherapy. The system consists of conceptually new piezocomposite arrays with a metallic delay line, multi-pulser electronics for emission focusing, parallel robots for mechanical steering and positioning of the array transducers, and linear and angular encoders to allow the physiotherapist to direct the focus to the target. The multi-pulser and parallel robot angulation are controlled by the computer, using a graphical interface software.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Portilla Tuesta
- ITEFI-CSIC, Spanish High Research Council, Serrano 144, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jordan T, Newcomb JM, Hoppa MB, Luke GP. Focused Ultrasound Stimulation of an ex-vivo Aplysia Abdominal Ganglion Preparation. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 372:109536. [PMID: 35227740 PMCID: PMC8978332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research demonstrates that focused ultrasound stimulates activity in human and other mammalian nervous systems. However, there is no consensus on which sonication parameters are optimal. Furthermore, the mechanism of action behind ultrasound neurostimulation remains poorly understood. An invertebrate model greatly reduces biological complexity, permitting a systematic evaluation of sonication parameters suitable for ultrasound neurostimulation. NEW METHOD Here, we describe the use of focused ultrasound stimulation with an ex-vivo abdominal ganglion preparation of the California sea hare, Aplysia californica, a long-standing model system in neurobiology. We developed a system for stimulating an isolated ganglion preparation while obtaining extracellular recordings from nerves. The focused ultrasound stimulation uses one of two single-element transducers, enabling stimulation at four distinct carrier frequencies (0.515 MHz, 1.l MHz, 1.61 MHz, 3.41 MHz). RESULTS Using continuous wave ultrasound, we stimulated the ganglion at all four frequencies, and we present quantitative evaluation of elicited activation at four different sonication durations and three peak pressure levels, eliciting up to a 57-fold increase in spiking frequency. COMPARISON WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION We demonstrated that ultrasound-induced activation is repeatable, and the response consistency is comparable to electrical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Due to the relative ease of long-term recordings for many hours, this ex-vivo ganglion preparation is suitable for investigating sonication parameters and the effects of focused ultrasound stimulation on neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jordan
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - James M Newcomb
- Department of Biology and Health Science, New England College, Henniker, NH 03242, USA
| | - Michael B Hoppa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Luke
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fatahi Asl J, Farzanegan Z, Tahmasbi M, Birgani SM, Malekzade M, Yazdaninejad H. Evaluation of the Scan Duration and Mechanical and Thermal Indices Applied for the Diagnostic Ultrasound Examinations. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:1839-1850. [PMID: 33179801 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although epidemiological studies have failed to show the harmful effects of ultrasound in humans, as a form of energy, ultrasound has the potential to cause bio-effects in tissues. Therefore, clinical guidelines have been established for ultrasound technology related to human safety, which include Thermal (TI) and mechanical (MI) indices. The appropriate TI and MI ranges for embryonic examinations are between 0-1.0 and 0-0.4, respectively. The accepted TI and MI ranges are 0-2.0 and 0-1.9, respectively, for general ultrasound examinations. In addition, the scan duration should be kept as low as possible. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the scan duration, TI, and MI as measures of acoustic output during ultrasound studies. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted for patients undergoing pregnancy checkups, routine checkups, and initial diagnosis ultrasound examinations. Samples were selected from imaging departments of 4 educational hospitals based on convenience sampling and 321 checklists completed by direct observation of ultrasound examinations. RESULTS For pregnancy scans, the mean TI and MI were obtained as 0.32 ± 0.27 and 1.15 ± 0.13, respectively. For non-pregnancy examinations, the mean value of TI and MI were 0.30 ± 0.29 and 1.07 ± 0.35, respectively. Therefore, mean TI for pregnancy and non-pregnancy examinations and mean MI for non-pregnancy studies obtained lower than the permitted values, while the mean MI was higher than the permitted level for first trimester of pregnancy. Also, relatively suitable scan durations were seen in reviewed studies. CONCLUSION From this study, it may be concluded that the reported ultrasound scans were safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Fatahi Asl
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Farzanegan
- Department of Radiotherapy Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tahmasbi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shadab Moradi Birgani
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Malekzade
- Department of Radiotherapy Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hamid Yazdaninejad
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fan CH, Wei KC, Chiu NH, Liao EC, Wang HC, Wu RY, Ho YJ, Chan HL, Wang TSA, Huang YZ, Hsieh TH, Lin CH, Lin YC, Yeh CK. Sonogenetic-Based Neuromodulation for the Amelioration of Parkinson's Disease. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5967-5976. [PMID: 34264082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sonogenetics is a promising strategy allowing the noninvasive and selective activation of targeted neurons in deep brain regions; nevertheless, its therapeutic outcome for neurodegeneration diseases that need long-term treatment remains to be verified. We previously enhanced the ultrasound (US) sensitivity of targeted cells by genetic modification with an engineered auditory-sensing protein, mPrestin (N7T, N308S). In this study, we expressed mPrestin in the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (PD) mice and used 0.5 MHz US for repeated and localized brain stimulation. The mPrestin expression in dopaminergic neurons persisted for at least 56 days after a single shot of adeno-associated virus, suggesting that the period of expression was long enough for US treatment in mice. Compared to untreated mice, US stimulation ameliorated the dopaminergic neurodegeneration 10-fold and mitigated the PD symptoms of the mice 4-fold, suggesting that this sonogenetic strategy has the clinical potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236017, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Ruo-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oyama T, Imashiro C, Kuriyama T, Usui H, Ando K, Azuma T, Morikawa A, Kodeki K, Takahara O, Takemura K. Acoustic streaming induced by MHz-frequency ultrasound extends the volume limit of cell suspension culture. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:4180. [PMID: 34241472 DOI: 10.1121/10.0005197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale cell suspension culture technology opens up opportunities for numerous medical and bioengineering applications. For these purposes, scale-up of the culture system is paramount. For initial small-scale culture, a simple static suspension culture (SSC) is generally employed. However, cell sedimentation due to the lack of agitation limits the culture volume feasible for SSC. Thus, when scaling up, cell suspensions must be manually transferred from the culture flask to another vessel suitable for agitation, which increases the risk of contamination and human error. Ideally, the number of culture transfer steps should be kept to a minimum. The present study describes the fabrication of an ultrasonic suspension culture system that stirs cell suspensions with the use of acoustic streaming generated by ultrasound irradiation at a MHz frequency. This system was applied to 100-mL suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells-a volume ten-fold larger than that generally used. The cell proliferation rate in this system was 1.88/day when applying an input voltage of 40 V to the ultrasonic transducer, while that of the SSC was 1.14/day. Hence, the proposed method can extend the volume limit of static cell suspension cultures, thereby reducing the number of cell culture transfer steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taigo Oyama
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Imashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Takuma Kuriyama
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Usui
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keita Ando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Azuma
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi Honcho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Akira Morikawa
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi Honcho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kodeki
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi Honcho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahara
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, 8-1-1 Tsukaguchi Honcho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-8661, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang C, Li N, Li C, Li J. A Safety Study of the Effects of 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography on Synaptic Morphologic Characteristics and Function in the Hippocampus of Neonatal Mice. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:163-173. [PMID: 32681671 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 2-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) on synaptic morphologic characteristics and function in the neonatal mouse hippocampus and whether it affects the capacity for learning and memory later in life. METHODS We divided neonatal mice into a control group and a 2D SWE group scanned for 10, 20, or 30 minutes. Hippocampal morphologic characteristics were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons were visualized by electron microscopy. Protein and messenger RNA expression levels of synaptophysin, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1), NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B were quantified by a western blot and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Learning and memory of adult mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition task. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the hippocampal morphologic characteristics of the experimental groups did not differ under light microscopy, and the synaptic structures assessed by electron microscopy appeared normal. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction results showed that expression of synaptophysin, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B were downregulated after exposure to 2D SWE, but there were no statistical differences between the experimental groups. This downregulation disappeared within 24 hours. The results of the Morris water maze and novel object recognition suggested that the 2D SWE scanning on neonatal mice had no effect on learning and memory in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that when the mice were exposed to neonatal cranial ultrasound by 2D SWE lasting for longer than 10 minutes, the expression of genes involved in synaptic function was affected, but this effect lasted no longer than 24 hours and did not affect learning and memory in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changtian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junlai Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rajagopal S, Cox BT. 100 MHz bandwidth planar laser-generated ultrasound source for hydrophone calibration. ULTRASONICS 2020; 108:106218. [PMID: 32721650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency calibration of hydrophones is becoming increasingly important, both for clinical and scientific applications of ultrasound, and user safety. At present, the calibrations available routinely to the user community extend to 60 MHz. However, hydrophones that can measure beyond this are available, and ultrasonic fields often contain energy at higher frequencies, e.g., generated through nonlinear propagation of high-amplitude ultrasound used for therapeutic applications, and the increasing use of higher frequencies in imaging. Therefore, there is a need for calibrations up to at least 100 MHz, to allow ultrasonic fields to be accurately characterized, and the risk of harmful bioeffects to be properly assessed. Currently, sets of focused piezoelectric transducers are used to meet the pressure amplitude and bandwidth requirements of Primary Standard calibration facilities. However, when the frequency is high enough such that the size of the ultrasound focus becomes less than the hydrophone element's diameter, the uncertainty due to spatial averaging becomes significant, and can be as high as 20% at 100 MHz. As an alternate to piezoelectric transducers, a laser-generated ultrasound calibration source was designed, fabricated, and characterized. The source consists of an optically absorbing carbon-polymer nanocomposite excited by a large-diameter 1064 nm laser pulse of 2.6 ns duration. Peak pressure amplitudes of several Mega-Pascal were readily achievable, and the signal contained measurable frequency components up to 100 MHz. The variation in the pressure amplitudes was less than 2% from its mean over a three-hour test period. The ultrasound beam was sufficiently broad that the uncertainties due to spatial averaging were negligible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Rajagopal
- Ultrasound and Underwater Acoustics Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - Ben T Cox
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Position statement and best practice recommendations on the imaging use of ultrasound from the European Society of Radiology ultrasound subcommittee. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:115. [PMID: 33165666 PMCID: PMC7652945 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This document summarises best practice recommendations for medical imaging use of ultrasound in Europe, representing the agreed consensus of experts from the Ultrasound Subcommittee of the European Society of Radiology (ESR), the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) Section of Radiology, and the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Recommendations are given for education and training, equipment and its maintenance, documentation, hygiene and infection prevention, and medico-legal issues.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D. Mechanisms underlying sonoporation: Interaction between microbubbles and cells. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105096. [PMID: 32278246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed great progress in "smart drug delivery", an advance technology that can deliver genes or drugs into specific locations of patients' body with enhanced delivery efficiency. Ultrasound-activated mechanical force induced by the interactions between microbubbles and cells, which can stimulate so-called "sonoporation" process, has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to realize spatiotemporal-controllable drug delivery to selected regions. Both experimental and numerical studies were performed to get in-depth understanding on how the microbubbles interact with cells during sonoporation processes, under different impact parameters. The current work gives an overview of the general mechanism underlying microbubble-mediated sonoporation, and the possible impact factors (e.g., the properties of cavitation agents and cells, acoustical driving parameters and bubble/cell micro-environment) that could affect sonoporation outcomes. Finally, current progress and considerations of sonoporation in clinical applications are reviewed also.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nelson BD, Karipott SS, Wang Y, Ong KG. Wireless Technologies for Implantable Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4604. [PMID: 32824365 PMCID: PMC7474418 DOI: 10.3390/s20164604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Wireless technologies are incorporated in implantable devices since at least the 1950s. With remote data collection and control of implantable devices, these wireless technologies help researchers and clinicians to better understand diseases and to improve medical treatments. Today, wireless technologies are still more commonly used for research, with limited applications in a number of clinical implantable devices. Recent development and standardization of wireless technologies present a good opportunity for their wider use in other types of implantable devices, which will significantly improve the outcomes of many diseases or injuries. This review briefly describes some common wireless technologies and modern advancements, as well as their strengths and suitability for use in implantable medical devices. The applications of these wireless technologies in treatments of orthopedic and cardiovascular injuries and disorders are described. This review then concludes with a discussion on the technical challenges and potential solutions of implementing wireless technologies in implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D. Nelson
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (B.D.N.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Salil Sidharthan Karipott
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (B.D.N.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Yvonne Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
| | - Keat Ghee Ong
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA; (B.D.N.); (S.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lattwein KR, Shekhar H, Kouijzer JJP, van Wamel WJB, Holland CK, Kooiman K. Sonobactericide: An Emerging Treatment Strategy for Bacterial Infections. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:193-215. [PMID: 31699550 PMCID: PMC9278652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been developed as both a diagnostic tool and a potent promoter of beneficial bio-effects for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections. Bacterial infections, especially those involving biofilm on implants, indwelling catheters and heart valves, affect millions of people each year, and many deaths occur as a consequence. Exposure of microbubbles or droplets to ultrasound can directly affect bacteria and enhance the efficacy of antibiotics or other therapeutics, which we have termed sonobactericide. This review summarizes investigations that have provided evidence for ultrasound-activated microbubble or droplet treatment of bacteria and biofilm. In particular, we review the types of bacteria and therapeutics used for treatment and the in vitro and pre-clinical experimental setups employed in sonobactericide research. Mechanisms for ultrasound enhancement of sonobactericide, with a special emphasis on acoustic cavitation and radiation force, are reviewed, and the potential for clinical translation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirby R Lattwein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joop J P Kouijzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J B van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Klazina Kooiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jerusalem A, Al-Rekabi Z, Chen H, Ercole A, Malboubi M, Tamayo-Elizalde M, Verhagen L, Contera S. Electrophysiological-mechanical coupling in the neuronal membrane and its role in ultrasound neuromodulation and general anaesthesia. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:116-140. [PMID: 31357005 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the role of the cell membrane is in a state of flux. Recent experiments show that conventional models, considering only electrophysiological properties of a passive membrane, are incomplete. The neuronal membrane is an active structure with mechanical properties that modulate electrophysiology. Protein transport, lipid bilayer phase, membrane pressure and stiffness can all influence membrane capacitance and action potential propagation. A mounting body of evidence indicates that neuronal mechanics and electrophysiology are coupled, and together shape the membrane potential in tight coordination with other physical properties. In this review, we summarise recent updates concerning electrophysiological-mechanical coupling in neuronal function. In particular, we aim at making the link with two relevant yet often disconnected fields with strong clinical potential: the use of mechanical vibrations-ultrasound-to alter the electrophysiogical state of neurons, e.g., in neuromodulation, and the theories attempting to explain the action of general anaesthetics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: General anaesthetics revolutionised medical practice; now an apparently unrelated technique, ultrasound neuromodulation-aimed at controlling neuronal activity by means of ultrasound-is poised to achieve a similar level of impact. While both technologies are known to alter the electrophysiology of neurons, the way they achieve it is still largely unknown. In this review, we argue that in order to explain their mechanisms/effects, the neuronal membrane must be considered as a coupled mechano-electrophysiological system that consists of multiple physical processes occurring concurrently and collaboratively, as opposed to sequentially and independently. In this framework the behaviour of the cell membrane is not the result of stereotypical mechanisms in isolation but instead emerges from the integrative behaviour of a complexly coupled multiphysics system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Jerusalem
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
| | - Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Miren Tamayo-Elizalde
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; WIN, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sonia Contera
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tabata H, Koyama D, Matsukawa M, Yoshida K, Krafft MP. Vibration Characteristics and Persistence of Poloxamer- or Phospholipid-Coated Single Microbubbles under Ultrasound Irradiation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11322-11329. [PMID: 31419140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles shelled with soft materials are expected to find applications as ultrasound-sensitive drug delivery systems, including through sonoporation. Microbubbles with specific vibrational characteristics and long intravascular persistence are required for clinical uses. To achieve this aim, the kinetics of the microbubble shell components at the gas/liquid interface while being subjected to ultrasound need to be better understood. This paper investigates the vibration characteristics and lifetime of single microbubbles coated with a poloxamer surfactant, Pluronic F-68, and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) under ultrasound irradiation. Air- and perfluorohexane (PFH)-filled microbubbles coated with Pluronic F-68 and DMPC at several concentrations (0 to 10-2 mol L-1) were produced. An optical measurement system using a laser Doppler vibrometer and microscope was used to observe the radial vibration mode of single microbubbles. The vibrational displacement amplitude and resonance radius of Pluronic- or DMPC-coated microbubbles were found to depend very little on the concentrations. The resonance radius was around 65 μm at 38.8 kHz under all the experimental conditions investigated. The lifetime of the microbubbles was investigated simultaneously by measuring their temporal change in volume, and it was increased with Pluronic concentration. Remarkably, the oscillation amplitude of the bubble has an effect on the bubble lifetime. In other words, larger oscillation under the resonance condition accelerates the diffusion of the inner gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tabata
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Mami Matsukawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering , Doshisha University , 1-3 Tataramiyakodani , Kyotanabe , Kyoto 610-0321 , Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoicho , Inage-ku , Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS) , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , 67034 Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Thomas RG, Jonnalagadda US, Kwan JJ. Biomedical Applications for Gas-Stabilizing Solid Cavitation Agents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10106-10115. [PMID: 31045378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For over a decade, advancements in ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery strategies have demonstrated remarkable success in providing targeted drug delivery for a broad range of diseases. In order to achieve enhanced drug delivery, these strategies harness the mechanical effects from bubble oscillations (i.e., cavitation) of a variety of exogenous cavitation agents. Recently, solid cavitation agents have emerged due to their capacity for drug-loading and sustained cavitation duration. Unlike other cavitation agents, solid cavitation agents stabilize gaseous bubbles on hydrophobic surface cavities. Thus, the design of these particles is crucial. In this Review, we provide an overview of the different designs for solid cavitation agents such as nanocups, nanocones, and porous structures, as well as the current status of their development. Considering the numerous advantages of solid cavitation agents, we anticipate further innovations for this new type of cavitation agent across a broad range of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reju G Thomas
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 637459
| | - Umesh S Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 637459
| | - James J Kwan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , 637459
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chetan MR, Lyon PC, Wu F, Phillips R, Cranston D, Gillies MJ, Bojanic S. Role of diffusion-weighted imaging in monitoring treatment response following high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of recurrent sacral chordoma. Radiol Case Rep 2019; 14:1197-1201. [PMID: 31428215 PMCID: PMC6698304 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordoma is the most common malignant tumor of the sacrum and is associated with significant neurologic morbidity. Local recurrence is very common, and the long-term prognosis is poor. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive and nonionising ablative therapy that has been successful in treating other tumor types and is being evaluated as a new therapy for sacral chordoma. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is typically used to evaluate tumor perfusion following HIFU; however, its utility is limited in poorly perfused tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides tissue contrast based on differences in the diffusion of extracellular water without using gadolinium-based contrast agents. We present novel DWI findings following a planned partial HIFU ablation of a large sacral chordoma which had recurred after radiotherapy. Following HIFU, the treated tumor volume demonstrated loss of restriction on DWI correlating with photopenia on positron emission tomography. This suggests successful ablation and tumor necrosis. This novel finding may provide guidance for sequence selection when evaluating HIFU therapy for sacral chordoma and other tumor types for which contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may have limited utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima R Chetan
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Paul C Lyon
- HIFU Unit, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK.,Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Feng Wu
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,HIFU Unit, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Rachel Phillips
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Cranston
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Martin J Gillies
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, UK
| | - Stana Bojanic
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blackmore J, Shrivastava S, Sallet J, Butler CR, Cleveland RO. Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Review of Results, Mechanisms and Safety. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1509-1536. [PMID: 31109842 PMCID: PMC6996285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly growing field, in which low-intensity ultrasound (US) is delivered to nervous system tissue, resulting in transient modulation of neural activity. This review summarizes the findings in the central and peripheral nervous systems from mechanistic studies in cell culture to cognitive behavioral studies in humans. The mechanisms by which US mechanically interacts with neurons and could affect firing are presented. An in-depth safety assessment of current studies shows that parameters for the human studies fall within the safety envelope for US imaging. Challenges associated with accurately targeting US and monitoring the response are described. In conclusion, the literature supports the use of US as a safe, non-invasive brain stimulation modality with improved spatial localization and depth targeting compared with alternative methods. US neurostimulation has the potential to be used both as a scientific instrument to investigate brain function and as a therapeutic modality to modulate brain activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Blackmore
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Shamit Shrivastava
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Nueroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris R Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robin O Cleveland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
M M, M B, A P, A E, M Z, A R, H G, F Z. Biological Effect of Modern Fetal Ultrasound Techniques on Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:335-344. [PMID: 31341879 PMCID: PMC6613153 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic ultrasound has been used to detect human disease especially fetus abnormalities in recent decades. Although the harmful effects of diagnostic ultrasound on human have not been established so far, several researchers showed it has had bioeffects in cell lines and in experimental animals. Three-dimensional (3D), four-dimensional (4D), and color Doppler sonography are new techniques which are widely used in diagnostic fetal ultrasonography.
Objective: The study aims to evaluate some bioeffects of 3D, 4D, and color Doppler sonography in different exposure times according to the acoustic output which is set as ultrasound scanner’s default for fetal sonography in the second trimester on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells.
Material and Methods: Exposure times selected consist of 10, 40, 70, and 100 seconds for 3D sonography, 10, 20, and 30 minutes for 4D sonography, and 10, 30, and 50 seconds for color Doppler. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and apoptosis induction on HDF cells were assessed using MTT assay, immunocytochemistry of Ki-67, and Terminal Transferase-mediated dUTP End-labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.
Results: Exposure of cells to 3D, 4D, and color Doppler modes led to decreased cell viability and increased proliferation rate of HDF. None of the diagnostic ultrasound modes induced cell apoptosis. .
Conclusion: The results indicated that 3D, 4D, and color Doppler techniques may affect the cell viability and proliferation of HDF cells, however, have no effects on the induction of apoptosis probability. Further long-term studies with other molecular endpoints are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morshedi M
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bakhshandeh M
- Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Piryaei A
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emami A
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zangeneh M
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razzaghdoust A
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghadiri H
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zayeri F
- Department of biostatistics and proteomics research center, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The transdermal transport of pharmaceuticals possesses various advantageous properties over conventional drug administration techniques such as oral delivery and hypodermic injections. However, the stratum corneum persists as the main barrier, which impedes percutaneous transport. The ultrasound-based transdermal delivery of therapeutics is one of the techniques that are being investigated to overcome this obstacle. This review outlines the background information pertaining to sonophoresis and then discusses the individual sections of sonophoretic research. These areas include the sonophoretic application of various drugs, dual-frequency sonophoresis, synergistic combinations of transdermal drug delivery techniques, and the use of nanosized carriers in ultrasound-based transdermal delivery. The various challenges associated with sonophoretic drug delivery and trends of future research are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boon Mian Teo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Salgarella AR, Cafarelli A, Ricotti L, Capineri L, Dario P, Menciassi A. Optimal Ultrasound Exposure Conditions for Maximizing C2C12 Muscle Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1452-1465. [PMID: 28433437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Described here is an in vitro systematic investigation of the effects on C2C12 myoblasts of exposure to finely controlled and repeatable low-intensity pulsed ultrasound of different frequencies (500 kHz, 1 MHz, 3 MHz and 5 MHz) and different intensities (250, 500 and 1000 mW/cm2). An in-house stimulation system and an ultrasound-transparent cell culture well minimized reflections and attenuations, allowing precise control of ultrasound delivery. Results indicated that a 3 MHz stimulation at 1 W/cm2 intensity maximized cell proliferation in comparison with the other exposure conditions and untreated controls. In contrast, cell differentiation and the consequent formation of multinucleated myotubes were maximized by 1 MHz stimulation at 500 mW/cm2 intensity. The highly controlled exposure conditions employed allowed precise correlation of the ultrasound delivery to the bio-effects produced, thus overcoming the inconsistency of some results available in the literature and contributing to the potential of ultrasound treatment for muscle therapy and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Cafarelli
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera (Pisa), Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera (Pisa), Italy
| | - Lorenzo Capineri
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Dario
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera (Pisa), Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera (Pisa), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Izadifar Z, Babyn P, Chapman D. Mechanical and Biological Effects of Ultrasound: A Review of Present Knowledge. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1085-1104. [PMID: 28342566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is widely used for medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes. An understanding of the bio-effects of sonography is important for clinicians and scientists working in the field because permanent damage to biological tissues can occur at high levels of exposure. Here the underlying principles of thermal mechanisms and the physical interactions of ultrasound with biological tissues are reviewed. Adverse health effects derived from cellular studies, animal studies and clinical reports are reviewed to provide insight into the in vitro and in vivo bio-effects of ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Paul Babyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dean Chapman
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is rapidly gaining clinical acceptance as a technique capable of providing non-invasive heating and ablation for a wide range of applications. Usually requiring only a single session, treatments are often conducted as day case procedures, with the patient either fully conscious, lightly sedated or under light general anesthesia. HIFU scores over other thermal ablation techniques because of the lack of necessity for the transcutaneous insertion of probes into the target tissue. Sources placed either outside the body (for treatment of tumors or abnormalities of the liver, kidney, breast, uterus, pancreas brain and bone), or in the rectum (for treatment of the prostate), provide rapid heating of a target tissue volume, the highly focused nature of the field leaving tissue in the ultrasound propagation path relatively unaffected. Numerous extra-corporeal, transrectal and interstitial devices have been designed to optimize application-specific treatment delivery for the wide-ranging areas of application that are now being explored with HIFU. Their principle of operation is described here, and an overview of their design principles is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eames MDC, Farnum M, Khaled M, Elias WJ, Hananel A, Snell JW, Kassell NF, Aubry JF. Head phantoms for transcranial focused ultrasound. Med Phys 2015; 42:1518-27. [PMID: 25832042 DOI: 10.1118/1.4907959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the ongoing endeavor of fine-tuning, the clinical application of transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS), ex-vivo studies wlkiith whole human skulls are of great use in improving the underlying technology guiding the accurate and precise thermal ablation of clinically relevant targets in the human skull. Described here are the designs, methods for fabrication, and notes on utility of three different ultrasound phantoms to be used for brain focused ultrasound research. METHODS Three different models of phantoms are developed and tested to be accurate, repeatable experimental options to provide means to further this research. The three models are a cadaver, a gel-filled skull, and a head mold containing a skull and filled with gel that mimics the brain and the skin. Each was positioned in a clinical tcMRgFUS system and sonicated at 1100 W (acoustic) for 12 s at different locations. Maximum temperature rise as measured by MR thermometry was recorded and compared against clinical data for a similar neurosurgical target. Results are presented as heating efficiency in units (°C/kW/s) for direct comparison to available clinical data. The procedure for casting thermal phantom material is presented. The utility of each phantom model is discussed in the context of various tcMRgFUS research areas. RESULTS The cadaveric phantom model, gel-filled skull model, and full head phantom model had heating efficiencies of 5.3, 4.0, and 3.9 °C/(kW/s), respectively, compared to a sample clinical heating efficiency of 2.6 °C/(kW/s). In the seven research categories considered, the cadaveric phantom model was the most versatile, though less practical compared to the ex-vivo skull-based phantoms. CONCLUSIONS Casting thermal phantom material was shown to be an effective way to prepare tissue-mimicking material for the phantoms presented. The phantom models presented are all useful in tcMRgFUS research, though some are better suited to a limited subset of applications depending on the researchers needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercy Farnum
- Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Mohamad Khaled
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - W Jeff Elias
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Arik Hananel
- Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - John W Snell
- Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Neal F Kassell
- Focused Ultrasound Foundation, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903 and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908 and Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7587, INSERM U979, Paris 75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hinow P, Radunskaya A, Mackay SM, Reynolds JNJ, Schroeder M, Tan EW, Tucker IG. Signaled drug delivery and transport across the blood-brain barrier. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:233-45. [PMID: 26572864 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We use a mathematical model to describe the delivery of a drug to a specific region of the brain. The drug is carried by liposomes that can release their cargo by application of focused ultrasound (US). Thereupon, the drug is absorbed through the endothelial cells that line the brain capillaries and form the physiologically important blood-brain barrier (BBB). We present a compartmental model of a capillary that is able to capture the complex binding and transport processes the drug undergoes in the blood plasma and at the BBB. We apply this model to the delivery of levodopa (L-dopa, used to treat Parkinson's disease) and doxorubicin (an anticancer agent). The goal is to optimize the delivery of drug while at the same time minimizing possible side effects of the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hinow
- a Department of Mathematical Sciences , University of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Ami Radunskaya
- b Department of Mathematics , Pomona College , Claremont , CA , USA
| | - Sean M Mackay
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - John N J Reynolds
- d Department of Anatomy and the Brain Health Research Centre , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Morgan Schroeder
- e Department of Biology , University of Oregon , Eugene , OR , USA , and
| | - Eng Wui Tan
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Ian G Tucker
- f New Zealand's National School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Savic LJ, Lin MD, Duran R, Schernthaner RE, Hamm B, Geschwind JF, Hong K, Chapiro J. Three-dimensional quantitative assessment of lesion response to MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroids. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:1199-205. [PMID: 26160057 PMCID: PMC4546360 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the response after magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) treatment of uterine fibroids (UF) using a three-dimensional (3D) quantification of total and enhancing lesion volume (TLV and ELV, respectively) on contrast-enhanced MRI (ceMRI) scans. METHODS AND MATERIALS In a total of 24 patients, ceMRI scans were obtained at baseline and 24 hours, and 6, 12, and 24 months after MRgHIFU treatment. The dominant lesion was assessed using a semiautomatic quantitative 3D segmentation technique. Agreement between software-assisted and manual measurements was then analyzed using a linear regression model. Patients were classified as responders (R) or nonresponders (NR) on the basis of their symptom report after 6 months. Statistical analysis included the paired t-test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Preprocedurally, the median TLV and ELV were 263.74 cm(3) (30.45-689.56 cm(3)) and 210.13 cm(3) (14.43-689.53 cm(3)), respectively. The 6-month follow-up demonstrated a reduction of TLV in 21 patients (87.5%) with a median TLV of 171.7 cm(3) (8.5-791.2 cm(3); P < .0001). TLV remained stable with significant differences compared to baseline (P < .001 and P = .047 after 12 and 24 months). A reduction of ELV was apparent in 16 patients (66.6%) with a median ELV of 158.91 cm(3) (8.55-779.61 cm(3)) after 6 months (P = .065). Three-dimensional quantification and manual measurements showed strong intermethod agreement for fibroid volumes (R(2) = .889 and .917) but greater discrepancy for enhancement calculations (R(2) = .659 and .419) at baseline and 6 months. No significant differences in TLV or ELV were observed between clinical R (n = 15) and NR (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS The 3D assessment has proven feasible and accurate in the quantification of fibroid response to MRgHIFU. Contrary to ELV, changes in TLV may be representative of the clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn J Savic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ming De Lin
- U/S Imaging and Interventions (UII), Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, New York
| | - Rafael Duran
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Rüdiger E Schernthaner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-François Geschwind
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Kelvin Hong
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287.
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Suite 7203, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Characterization of Dynamic Behaviour of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells in Ultrasonic Field Using Modal and Harmonic Analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134999. [PMID: 26241649 PMCID: PMC4524665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options specifically targeting tumour cells are urgently needed in order to reduce the side effects accompanied by chemo- or radiotherapy. Differences in subcellular structure between tumour and normal cells determine their specific elasticity. These structural differences can be utilised by low-frequency ultrasound in order to specifically induce cytotoxicity of tumour cells. For further evaluation, we combined in silico FEM (finite element method) analyses and in vitro assays to bolster the significance of low-frequency ultrasound for tumour treatment. FEM simulations were able to calculate the first resonance frequency of MCF7 breast tumour cells at 21 kHz in contrast to 34 kHz for the MCF10A normal breast cells, which was due to the higher elasticity and larger size of MCF7 cells. For experimental validation of the in silico-determined resonance frequencies, equipment for ultrasonic irradiation with distinct frequencies was constructed. Differences for both cell lines in their response to low-frequent ultrasonic treatment were corroborated in 2D and in 3D cell culture assays. Treatment with ~ 24.5 kHz induced the death of MCF7 cells and MDA-MB-231 metastases cells possessing a similar elasticity; frequencies of > 29 kHz resulted in cytotoxicity of MCF10A. Fractionated treatments by ultrasonic irradiation of suspension myeloid HL60 cells resulted in a significant decrease of viable cells, mostly significant after threefold irradiation in intervals of 3 h. Most importantly in regard to a clinical application, combined ultrasonic treatment and chemotherapy with paclitaxel showed a significantly increased killing of MCF7 cells compared to both monotherapies. In summary, we were able to determine for the first time for different tumour cell lines a specific frequency of low-intensity ultrasound for induction of cell ablation. The cytotoxic effect of ultrasonic irradiation could be increased by either fractionated treatment or in combination with chemotherapy. Thus, our results will open new perspectives in tumour treatment.
Collapse
|
42
|
El Kaffas A, Czarnota GJ. Biomechanical effects of microbubbles: from radiosensitization to cell death. Future Oncol 2015; 11:1093-108. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles have been demonstrated to mechanically perturb cell membranes, resulting in the activation of biological signaling pathways that significantly enhance the effects of radiation. The underlying mechanism involves augmented ceramide production following both microbubble stimulation and irradiation, leading to rapid and extensive endothelial apoptosis and tumor cell death as a result of vascular collapse. Endothelial cells are particularly sensitive to ceramide-induced cell death due to an enriched presence of sphingomyelinase in their membranes. In tumors, this consequent rapid vascular shutdown translates to an overall increase in tumor responses to radiation treatments. This review summarizes the groundwork behind endothelial-based radiation enhancement with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles, and presents ongoing research on the use of microbubbles as therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research & Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research & Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cavallo Marincola B, Pediconi F, Anzidei M, Miglio E, Di Mare L, Telesca M, Mancini M, D’Amati G, Monti M, Catalano C, Napoli A. High-intensity focused ultrasound in breast pathology: non-invasive treatment of benign and malignant lesions. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 12:191-9. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.986096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
44
|
Jang KW, Ding L, Seol D, Lim TH, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes chondrogenic progenitor cell migration via focal adhesion kinase pathway. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1177-86. [PMID: 24612644 PMCID: PMC4034572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been studied frequently for its beneficial effects on the repair of injured articular cartilage. We hypothesized that these effects are due to stimulation of chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) migration toward injured areas of cartilage through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. CPC chemotaxis in bluntly injured osteochondral explants was examined by confocal microscopy, and migratory activity of cultured CPCs was measured in transwell and monolayer scratch assays. FAK activation by LIPUS was analyzed in cultured CPCs by Western blot. LIPUS effects were compared with the effects of two known chemotactic factors: N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. LIPUS significantly enhanced CPC migration on explants and in cell culture assays. Phosphorylation of FAK at the kinase domain (Tyr 576/577) was maximized by 5 min of exposure to LIPUS at a dose of 27.5 mW/cm(2) and frequency of 3.5 MHz. Treatment with fMLF, but not HMBG1, enhanced FAK activation to a degree similar to that of LIPUS, but neither fMLF nor HMGB1 enhanced the LIPUS effect. LIPUS-induced CPC migration was blocked by suppressing FAK phosphorylation with a Src family kinase inhibitor that blocks FAK phosphorylation. Our results imply that LIPUS might be used to promote cartilage healing by inducing the migration of CPCs to injured sites, which could delay or prevent the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee W Jang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dongrim Seol
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tae-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph A Buckwalter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James A Martin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Napoli A, Anzidei M, Marincola BC, Brachetti G, Noce V, Boni F, Bertaccini L, Passariello R, Catalano C. MR Imaging–guided Focused Ultrasound for Treatment of Bone Metastasis. Radiographics 2013; 33:1555-68. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.336125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
46
|
Noble ML, Kuhr CS, Graves SS, Loeb KR, Sun SS, Keilman GW, Morrison KP, Paun M, Storb RF, Miao CH. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated gene delivery into canine livers. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1687-94. [PMID: 23732985 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) was applied to a targeted canine liver lobe simultaneously with injection of plasmid DNA (pDNA)/microbubble (MB) complexes into a portal vein (PV) segmental branch and occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to facilitate DNA uptake. By using a 1.1 MHz, 13 mm diameter transducer, a fivefold increase in luciferase activity was obtained at 3.3 MPa peak negative pressure (PNP) in the treated lobe. For more effective treatment of large tissue volumes in canines, a planar unfocused transducer with a large effective beam diameter (52 mm) was specifically constructed. Its apodized dual element configuration greatly reduced the near-field transaxial pressure variations, resulting in a remarkably uniform field of US exposure for the treated tissues. Together with a 15 kW capacity US amplifier, a 692-fold increase of gene expression was achieved at 2.7 MPa. Transaminase and histology analysis indicated minimal tissue damage. These experiments represent an important developmental step toward US-mediated gene delivery in large animals and clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misty L Noble
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jabaraj DJ, Jaafar MS. Vibration Analysis of Circular Membrane Model of Alveolar Wall in Examining Ultrasound-induced Lung Hemorrhage. J Med Ultrasound 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
48
|
Napoli A, Cartocci G, Boni F, Del Monte M, Noce V, Anzidei M, Catalano C. Focused Ultrasound Therapy of the Prostate with MR Guidance. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-013-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
49
|
Hensel K, Mienkina MP, Schmitz G. Analysis of ultrasound fields in cell culture wells for in vitro ultrasound therapy experiments. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:2105-15. [PMID: 22107908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is an established therapy method for bone fracture healing, hyperthermia and the ablation of solid tumors. In this new emerging field, ultrasound is further used for microbubble-enhanced drug delivery, gene therapy, sonoporation and thrombolysis. To study selected therapeutic effects in defined experimental conditions, in vitro setups are designed for cell and tissue therapy. However, in vitro studies often lack reproducibility and the successful transfer to other experimental conditions. This is partly because of the uncertainty of the experimental conditions in vitro. In this paper, the ultrasound wave propagation in the most common in vitro ultrasound therapy setups for cell culture wells is analyzed in simulations and verified by hydrophone measurements. The acoustic parameters of the materials used for culture plates and growth media are determined. The appearance and origin of standing waves and ring interference patterns caused by reflections at interfaces is revealed in simulations and measurements. This causes a local maximal pressure amplitude increase by up to the factor of 5. Minor variations of quantities (e.g., growth medium volume variation of 2.56%) increase or decrease the peak rarefaction pressure at a cell layer by the factor of 2. These pressure variations can affect cell therapy results to a large extent. A sealed cell culture well submersed in a water bath provides the best reproducibility and therefore promises transferable therapy results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hensel
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Martin K. The acoustic safety of new ultrasound technologies. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2010. [DOI: 10.1258/ult.2010.010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from surveys carried out in the 1990s that improvements in ultrasound technology have been associated with increases in acoustic output levels. Current medical devices regulations in Europe and the USA require manufacturers to declare the acoustic output levels from their equipment. This paper analyses such declarations to identify recent trends in acoustic output levels. Comparison of declared values with the earlier surveys showed a 50% increase in mean rarefaction pressures in B-mode and colour Doppler mode and a 75% increase in pulsed Doppler mode. In B-mode, the mean temporal average intensity level has approximately doubled, but approximately halved in pulsed Doppler mode. Analysis of mechanical and thermal safety index values (MI and TI) suggested that some manufacturers are designing their ultrasound systems to be capable of using the highest MI values permitted by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). This results in the use of higher acoustic pressures at higher frequencies. Most maximum values of TI declared to the FDA were much lower than the normal maximum value of 6.0. Increases in acoustic pressure and intensity levels would be expected to occur as transducer efficiency and beam-forming methods are improved and new techniques introduced. It is likely that future developments will continue to push typical output levels towards the regulatory limits. Users must maintain awareness of acoustic safety issues and make use of on-screen safety indices to ensure appropriate use of imaging modes that use the highest output levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Martin
- Department of Medical Physics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|