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Allen WE, Greendyk JD, Alexander HR, Beninato T, Eskander MF, Grandhi MS, In H, Kennedy TJ, Langan RC, Maggi JC, Moore DF, Pitt HA, De S, Haider SF, Ecker BL. Racial disparities in rates of invasiveness of resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms in the United States. Surgery 2024; 175:1402-1407. [PMID: 38423892 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial and ethnic disparities have been observed in the multidisciplinary management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is the most common identifiable precursor to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, where early surgical intervention before the development of an invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm improves survival. The association of race/ethnicity with the risk of identifying invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms during resection has not been previously defined. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program targeted pancreatectomy database (2014-2021) was queried for patients with race/ethnicity data who underwent resection of an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Backward Wald logistic regression modeling (P ≤ 0.05 for entry; P > .10 for removal) was used to identify independent predictors of invasion. RESULTS A total of 4,505 cases of resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms were identified, with 923 (20.5%) demonstrating invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. The cohort of individuals other than non-Hispanic Whites were significantly more likely to have invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (White, 19.9%; Black, 24.2%; Asian, 23.7%; Hispanic, 22.6%; P = .026). Such disparity could not be explained by greater comorbidity, as non-White patients were significantly younger (age <65 years: 41.7% vs 33.2%, P < .001) and had better physical status (American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≤2: 28.8% vs 25.2%, P = .053). After controlling for clinicodemographic variables, being an individual of race/ethnicity other than White was independently associated with higher odds of invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (odds ratio, 1.280; 95% confidence interval, 1.046-1.566; P = .017). No differences in postoperative morbidity were observed. CONCLUSION In a national cohort of patients with resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, individuals who identified as being of race/ethnicity other than White were significantly more likely to have invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms during surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Allen
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Health, Newark, NJ
| | | | - H Richard Alexander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Toni Beninato
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mariam F Eskander
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Miral S Grandhi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Haejin In
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Timothy J Kennedy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Russell C Langan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ
| | | | - Dirk F Moore
- Division of Biostatistics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Subhajoyti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Syed F Haider
- Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Brett L Ecker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School, Rutgers Health, New Brunswick, NJ; Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ.
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Eaglehouse YL, Darmon S, Gage MM, Shriver CD, Zhu K. Characteristics Associated With Survival in Surgically Nonresected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in the Military Health System. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:64-70. [PMID: 37851358 PMCID: PMC10805355 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages with high-case fatality. Many tumors are not surgically resectable. We aimed to identify features associated with survival in patients with surgically nonresected pancreatic cancer in the Military Health System. METHODS We used the Military Cancer Epidemiology database to identify the Department of Defense beneficiaries aged 18 and older diagnosed with a primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma between January 1998 and December 2014 who did not receive oncologic surgery as treatment. We used Cox Proportional Hazard regression with stepwise procedures to select the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to 2-year overall survival, expressed as adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Among 1148 patients with surgically nonresected pancreatic cancer, sex, race-ethnicity, marital status, and socioeconomic indicators were not selected in association with survival. A higher comorbidity count (aHR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.59 for 5 vs. 0), jaundice at diagnosis (aHR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.33-1.85 vs. no), tumor grade G3 or G4 (aHR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.67 vs. G1/G2), tumor location in pancreas tail (aHR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22-1.83 vs. head) or body (aHR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62 vs. head), and metastases were associated with survival. Patients receiving chemotherapy (aHR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.57-0.76) had better survival compared with no treatment. CONCLUSIONS In a comprehensive health system, sociodemographic characteristics were not related to survival in surgically nonresected pancreatic cancer. This implicates access to care in reducing survival disparities in advanced pancreatic cancer and emphasizes the importance of treating patients based on clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L. Eaglehouse
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc
| | - Sarah Darmon
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc
| | - Michele M. Gage
- Departments of Surgery
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Craig D. Shriver
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- Departments of Surgery
| | - Kangmin Zhu
- Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc
- Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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Khalaf N, Xu A, Nguyen Wenker T, Kramer JR, Liu Y, Singh H, El-Serag HB, Kanwal F. The Impact of Race on Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Survival in the Nationwide Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Pancreas 2024; 53:e27-e33. [PMID: 37967826 PMCID: PMC10883640 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among patients with pancreatic cancer, studies show racial disparities at multiple steps of the cancer care pathway. Access to healthcare is a frequently cited cause of these disparities. It remains unclear if racial disparities exist in an integrated, equal access public system such as the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. METHODS We identified all patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the national Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry from January 2010 to December 2018. We examined the independent association between race and 3 endpoints: stage at diagnosis, receipt of treatment, and survival while adjusting for sociodemographic factors and medical comorbidities. RESULTS We identified 8529 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, of whom 79.5% were White and 20.5% were Black. Black patients were 19% more likely to have late-stage disease and 25% less likely to undergo surgical resection. Black patients had 13% higher mortality risk compared with White patients after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. This difference in mortality was no longer statistically significant after additionally adjusting for cancer stage and receipt of potentially curative treatment. CONCLUSIONS Equal access to healthcare might have reduced but failed to eliminate disparities. Dedicated efforts are needed to understand reasons underlying these disparities in an attempt to close these persistent gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Xu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - Hashem B El-Serag
- From the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Ogobuiro I, Collier AL, Khan K, de Castro Silva I, Kwon D, Wilson GC, Schwartz PB, Parikh AA, Hammill C, Kim HJ, Kooby DA, Abbott D, Maithel SK, Snyder RA, Ahmad SA, Merchant NB, Datta J. Racial Disparity in Pathologic Response following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected Pancreatic Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Analysis from the Central Pancreatic Consortium. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1485-1494. [PMID: 36316508 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major pathologic response (MPR) following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients undergoing resection is associated with improved survival. We sought to determine whether racial disparities exist in MPR rates following NAT in patients with PDAC undergoing resection. METHODS Patients with potentially operable PDAC receiving at least 2 cycles of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel ± radiation followed by pancreatectomy (2010-2019) at 7 high-volume centers were reviewed. Self-reported race was dichotomized as Black and non-Black, and multivariable models evaluated the association between race and MPR (i.e., pathologic complete response [pCR] or near-pCR). Cox regression evaluated the association between race and disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Results of 486 patients who underwent resection following NAT (mFOLFIRINOX 56%, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel 25%, radiation 29%), 67 (13.8%) patients were Black. Black patients had lower CA19-9 at diagnosis (median 67 vs. 204 U/mL; P = 0.003) and were more likely to undergo mild/moderate chemotherapy dose modification (40 vs. 20%; P = 0.005) versus non-Black patients. Black patients had significantly lower rates of MPR compared with non-Black patients (13.4 vs. 25.8%; P = 0.039). Black race was independently associated with worse MPR (OR 0.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-0.69) while controlling for NAT duration, CA19-9 dynamics, and chemotherapy modifications. There was no significant difference in DFS or OS between Black and non-Black cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Black patients undergoing pancreatectomy appear less likely to experience MPR following NAT. The contribution of biologic and nonbiologic factors to reduced chemosensitivity in Black patients warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyichukwu Ogobuiro
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Amber L Collier
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Khadeja Khan
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Iago de Castro Silva
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Deukwoo Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick B Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexander A Parikh
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chet Hammill
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hong J Kim
- Department of Surgery, Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Kooby
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Abbott
- Department of Surgery, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Snyder
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nipun B Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jashodeep Datta
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Nikšić M, Minicozzi P, Weir HK, Zimmerman H, Schymura MJ, Rees JR, Coleman MP, Allemani C. Pancreatic cancer survival trends in the US from 2001 to 2014: a CONCORD-3 study. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 43:87-99. [PMID: 36353792 PMCID: PMC9859729 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival from pancreatic cancer is low worldwide. In the US, the 5-year relative survival has been slightly higher for women, whites and younger patients than for their counterparts, and differences in age and stage at diagnosis [Corrections added Nov 16, 2022, after first online publication: a new affiliation is added to Maja Nikšić] may contribute to this pattern. We aimed to examine trends in survival by race, stage, age and sex for adults (15-99 years) diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the US. METHODS This population-based study included 399,427 adults registered with pancreatic cancer in 41 US state cancer registries during 2001-2014, with follow-up to December 31, 2014. We estimated age-specific and age-standardized net survival at 1 and 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 12.3% of patients were blacks, and 84.2% were whites. About 9.5% of patients were diagnosed with localized disease, but 50.5% were diagnosed at an advanced stage; slightly more among blacks, mainly among men. No substantial changes were seen over time (2001-2003, 2004-2008, 2009-2014). In general, 1-year net survival was higher in whites than in blacks (26.1% vs. 22.1% during 2001-2003, 35.1% vs. 31.4% during 2009-2014). This difference was particularly evident among patients with localized disease (49.6% in whites vs. 44.6% in blacks during 2001-2003, 60.1% vs. 55.3% during 2009-2014). The survival gap between blacks and whites with localized disease was persistent at 5 years after diagnosis, and it widened over time (from 24.0% vs. 21.3% during 2001-2003 to 39.7% vs. 31.0% during 2009-2014). The survival gap was wider among men than among women. CONCLUSIONS Gaps in 1- and 5-year survival between blacks and whites were persistent throughout 2001-2014, especially for patients diagnosed with a localized tumor, for which surgery is currently the only treatment modality with the potential for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nikšić
- Cancer Survival GroupDepartment of Non‐Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK,Centre for Health Services StudiesUniversity of KentCanterburyCT2 7NFUK
| | - Pamela Minicozzi
- Cancer Survival GroupDepartment of Non‐Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK
| | - Hannah K Weir
- Division of Cancer Prevention and ControlCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30333USA
| | - Heather Zimmerman
- Montana Central Tumor RegistryChronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion BureauPO Box 202951, 1400 BroadwayHelenaMT59620‐2951USA
| | - Maria J Schymura
- Bureau of Cancer EpidemiologyNew York State Cancer RegistryNew York State Department of Health150 BroadwayAlbanyNY12204‐2719USA
| | - Judith R Rees
- New Hampshire State Cancer RegistryNorris Cotton Cancer Center, and Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of MedicineDartmouth CollegeDartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH03756USA
| | - Michel P Coleman
- Cancer Survival GroupDepartment of Non‐Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK,Cancer DivisionUniversity College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust250 Euston RoadLondonNW1 2PGUK
| | - Claudia Allemani
- Cancer Survival GroupDepartment of Non‐Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondonWC1E 7HTUK
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Schiefelbein AM, Krebsbach JK, Taylor AK, Zhang J, Haimson CE, Trentham-Dietz A, Skala MC, Eason JM, Weber SM, Varley PR, Zafar SN, LoConte NK. Treatment Inequity: Examining the Influence of Non-Hispanic Black Race and Ethnicity on Pancreatic Cancer Care and Survival in Wisconsin. WMJ : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN 2022; 121:77-93. [PMID: 35857681 PMCID: PMC9354557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated race and ethnicity-based disparities in first course treatment and overall survival among Wisconsin pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS We identified adults diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System from 2004 through 2017. We assessed race and ethnicity-based disparities in first course of treatment via adjusted logistic regression and overall survival via 4 incremental Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS The study included 8,490 patients: 91.3% (n = 7,755) non-Hispanic White; 5.1% (n = 437) non-Hispanic Black, 1.8% (n = 151) Hispanic, 0.6% Native American (n = 53), and 0.6% Asian (n = 51) race and ethnicities. Non-Hispanic Black patients had lower odds of treatment than non-Hispanic White patients for full patient (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41-0.65) and Medicare cohorts (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29-0.55). Non-Hispanic Black patients had lower odds of receiving surgery than non-Hispanic White patients (full cohort OR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48-0.92]; Medicare cohort OR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.34-0.93]). Non-Hispanic Black patients experienced worse survival than non-Hispanic White patients in the first 2 incremental Cox proportional hazard regression models (model II HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31). After adding insurance and treatment course, non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients experienced similar survival (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88-1.09). CONCLUSION Non-Hispanic Black patients were almost 50% less likely to receive any treatment and 33% less likely to receive surgery than non-Hispanic White patients. After including treatment course, non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patient survival was similar. Increasing non-Hispanic Black patient treatment rates by addressing structural factors affecting treatment availability and employing culturally humble approaches to treatment discussions may mitigate these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John K Krebsbach
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy K Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jienian Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chloe E Haimson
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John M Eason
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Community and Environmental Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
- Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sharon M Weber
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Patrick R Varley
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Syed N Zafar
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Noelle K LoConte
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison Wisconsin,
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Fonseca AL, Khan H, Mehari KR, Cherla D, Heslin MJ, Johnston FM. Disparities in Access to Oncologic Care in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:3232-3250. [PMID: 35067789 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-11258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer care is complex, and multiple disparities in receipt of therapies have been documented. The authors aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to critically assess and summarize disparities in access to oncologic therapies for pancreatic cancer. METHODS A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were performed for studies reporting disparities in access to oncologic care for pancreatic cancer. Primary research articles published in the United States from 2000 to 2020 were included. Data were independently extracted, and risk of bias was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 47 studies. All the studies used retrospective data, with 70 % involving national database studies, 41 assessing the impact of race/ethnicity, 22 assessing the impact of socioeconomic status, 18 assessing the impact of insurance status, 23 assessing the impact of gender, 26 assessing the impact of age, and 3 assessing the impact of location on the delivery of cancer-directed therapies. Race, socioeconomic status, insurance status, gender, and age- based disparities in receipt of surgical resection, treatment at high-volume facilities and multimodal therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer, receipt of systemic chemotherapy for metastatic cancer, and receipt of expected standard-of-care treatment are reported. CONCLUSION Significant sociodemographic disparities in access to equitable oncologic care exist along the continuum of pancreatic cancer care. Multiple patient, provider, and systemic factors contribute to these disparities. The ongoing study of these disparities is important to elucidate processes that may be targeted to improve access to equitable oncologic care for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamza Khan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Krista R Mehari
- Department of Psychology, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Deepa Cherla
- Department of Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Martin J Heslin
- Department of Surgery, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Fabian M Johnston
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Papageorge MV, Evans DB, Tseng JF. Health Care Disparities and the Future of Pancreatic Cancer Care. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 30:759-771. [PMID: 34511195 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There have been tremendous advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in the past decade, yet we are failing to achieve equitable outcomes for all patient populations. Disparities exist in the incidence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Inequities are based on racial and ethnic group, sex, socioeconomic status, and geography. To address disparities, future steps must focus on research methods, including collection and methodology, and policy measures, including access, patient tools, hospital incentives, and workforce diversity. Through these comprehensive efforts, we can begin to rectify inequitable care for treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V Papageorge
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Collamore - C500, Boston, MA 02118, USA. https://twitter.com/MPapageorge_MD
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Wilwaukee, WI 53226, USA. https://twitter.com/@DougEvans2273
| | - Jennifer F Tseng
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 88 East Newton Street, Collamore - C500, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Permuth JB, Vyas S, Li J, Chen DT, Jeong D, Choi JW. Comparison of Radiomic Features in a Diverse Cohort of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712950. [PMID: 34367997 PMCID: PMC8339963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Significant racial disparities in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates exist, with the highest rates in African Americans compared to Non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanic/Latinx populations. Computer-derived quantitative imaging or “radiomic” features may serve as non-invasive surrogates for underlying biological factors and heterogeneity that characterize pancreatic tumors from African Americans, yet studies are lacking in this area. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if the radiomic tumor profile extracted from pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images differs between African Americans, Non-Hispanic Whites, and Hispanic/Latinx with pancreatic cancer. Methods We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 71 pancreatic cancer cases (23 African American, 33 Non-Hispanic White, and 15 Hispanic/Latinx) who underwent pretreatment CT imaging at Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute. Whole lesion semi-automated segmentation was performed on each slice of the lesion on all pretreatment venous phase CT exams using Healthmyne Software (Healthmyne, Madison, WI, USA) to generate a volume of interest. To reduce feature dimensionality, 135 highly relevant non-texture and texture features were extracted from each segmented lesion and analyzed for each volume of interest. Results Thirty features were identified and significantly associated with race/ethnicity based on Kruskal-Wallis test. Ten of the radiomic features were highly associated with race/ethnicity independent of tumor grade, including sphericity, volumetric mean Hounsfield units (HU), minimum HU, coefficient of variation HU, four gray level texture features, and two wavelet texture features. A radiomic signature summarized by the first principal component partially differentiated African American from non-African American tumors (area underneath the curve = 0.80). Poorer survival among African Americans compared to Non-African Americans was observed for tumors with lower volumetric mean CT [HR: 3.90 (95% CI:1.19–12.78), p=0.024], lower GLCM Avg Column Mean [HR:4.75 (95% CI: 1.44,15.37), p=0.010], and higher GLCM Cluster Tendency [HR:3.36 (95% CI: 1.06–10.68), p=0.040], and associations persisted in volumetric mean CT and GLCM Avg Column after adjustment for key clinicopathologic factors. Conclusions This pilot study identified several textural radiomics features associated with poor overall survival among African Americans with PDAC, independent of other prognostic factors such as grade. Our findings suggest that CT radiomic features may serve as surrogates for underlying biological factors and add value in predicting clinical outcomes when integrated with other parameters in ongoing and future studies of cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shraddha Vyas
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jung W Choi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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10
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Ueberroth BE, Khan A, Zhang KJ, Philip PA. Differences in Baseline Characteristics and White Blood Cell Ratios Between Racial Groups in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:160-168. [PMID: 32077005 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a malignancy with poor prognosis. Black patients experience poorer overall survival compared with other races. Recent studies have elucidated certain prognostic factors at the time of diagnosis of pancreatic cancer which have largely not been studied for differences between racial groups. We present a study examining differences in blood levels between Black and non-Black patients and their effects on overall survival. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study. One hundred sixty-three patients were confirmed to carry a tissue diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and included in analysis; 27 of the patients were self-identified as "Black"; 136 were analyzed together as "Non-Black" with the majority identifying as "White". Various blood markers were drawn at the time of diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine differences in these factors between Black and non-Black patients, as well as their effect on overall survival. RESULTS Black patients were younger at diagnosis (p = 0.001) and were more likely to experience significant weight loss leading up to diagnosis (p = 0.009); Black patients also had a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.001) and higher lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) (p = 0.001) at diagnosis. In multivariable analysis, an NLR > 3.5 had a significantly negative impact on overall survival (p = 0.002), as did the presence of metastatic disease (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Black patients demonstrated a "favorable" white blood cell profile (higher LMR, lower NLR) compared with non-Black patients. This may suggest that the immune response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not what is driving disparately poor outcomes in Black patients. Further study is warranted to ascertain the role of immune response in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the prognostic use of these measurements at diagnosis, and possible other factors, such as genetics, which may better explain poorer outcomes in Black patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Ueberroth
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Adnan Khan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, 3801 Howe St, Oakland, CA, 94611, USA
| | - Kevin J Zhang
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Indiana University, 1120 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Philip A Philip
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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11
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Permuth JB, Dezsi KB, Vyas S, Ali KN, Basinski TL, Utuama OA, Denbo JW, Klapman J, Dam A, Carballido E, Kim DW, Pimiento JM, Powers BD, Otto AK, Choi JW, Chen DT, Teer JK, Beato F, Ward A, Cortizas EM, Whisner SY, Williams IE, Riner AN, Tardif K, Velanovich V, Karachristos A, Douglas WG, Legaspi A, Allan BJ, Meredith K, Molina-Vega MA, Bao P, St. Julien J, Huguet KL, Green L, Odedina FT, Kumar NB, Simmons VN, George TJ, Vadaparampil ST, Hodul PJ, Arnoletti JP, Awad ZT, Bose D, Jiang K, Centeno BA, Gwede CK, Malafa M, Judge SM, Judge AR, Jeong D, Bloomston M, Merchant NB, Fleming JB, Trevino JG. The Florida Pancreas Collaborative Next-Generation Biobank: Infrastructure to Reduce Disparities and Improve Survival for a Diverse Cohort of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:809. [PMID: 33671939 PMCID: PMC7919015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Well-annotated, high-quality biorepositories provide a valuable platform to support translational research. However, most biorepositories have poor representation of minority groups, limiting the ability to address health disparities. Methods: We describe the establishment of the Florida Pancreas Collaborative (FPC), the first state-wide prospective cohort study and biorepository designed to address the higher burden of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) in African Americans (AA) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L). We provide an overview of stakeholders; study eligibility and design; recruitment strategies; standard operating procedures to collect, process, store, and transfer biospecimens, medical images, and data; our cloud-based data management platform; and progress regarding recruitment and biobanking. Results: The FPC consists of multidisciplinary teams from fifteen Florida medical institutions. From March 2019 through August 2020, 350 patients were assessed for eligibility, 323 met inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 305 (94%) enrolled, including 228 NHW, 30 AA, and 47 H/L, with 94%, 100%, and 94% participation rates, respectively. A high percentage of participants have donated blood (87%), pancreatic tumor tissue (41%), computed tomography scans (76%), and questionnaires (62%). Conclusions: This biorepository addresses a critical gap in PaCa research and has potential to advance translational studies intended to minimize disparities and reduce PaCa-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Kaleena B. Dezsi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Shraddha Vyas
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Karla N. Ali
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Toni L. Basinski
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Ovie A. Utuama
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Jason W. Denbo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Jason Klapman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Aamir Dam
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Estrella Carballido
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Jose M. Pimiento
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Benjamin D. Powers
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Amy K. Otto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jung W. Choi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.C.); (D.J.)
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Francisca Beato
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Alina Ward
- Lee Health Regional Cancer Center, Fort Myers, FL 33905, USA; (A.W.); (B.J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena M. Cortizas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | | | - Iverson E. Williams
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (I.E.W.); (A.N.R.); (J.G.T.)
| | - Andrea N. Riner
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (I.E.W.); (A.N.R.); (J.G.T.)
| | - Kenneth Tardif
- Department of Surgery, St. Anthony’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33705, USA; (K.T.); (J.S.J.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Vic Velanovich
- Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (V.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Karachristos
- Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (V.V.); (A.K.)
| | - Wade G. Douglas
- Division of Surgery, Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA;
| | - Adrian Legaspi
- Center for Advanced Surgical Oncology at Palmetto General Hospital, Tenet Healthcare Palmetto General, Hialeah, FL 33016, USA;
| | - Bassan J. Allan
- Lee Health Regional Cancer Center, Fort Myers, FL 33905, USA; (A.W.); (B.J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Kenneth Meredith
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Brian Jellison Cancer Institute, Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA;
| | | | - Philip Bao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA;
| | - Jamii St. Julien
- Department of Surgery, St. Anthony’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33705, USA; (K.T.); (J.S.J.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Kevin L. Huguet
- Department of Surgery, St. Anthony’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33705, USA; (K.T.); (J.S.J.); (K.L.H.)
| | - Lee Green
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.G.); (V.N.S.); (S.T.V.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Folakemi T. Odedina
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Nagi B. Kumar
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.B.D.); (S.V.); (K.N.A.); (T.L.B.); (O.A.U.); (N.B.K.)
| | - Vani N. Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.G.); (V.N.S.); (S.T.V.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Thomas J. George
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Susan T. Vadaparampil
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.G.); (V.N.S.); (S.T.V.); (C.K.G.)
- Office of Community Outreach, Engagement, and Equity, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pamela J. Hodul
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - J. Pablo Arnoletti
- Center for Surgical Oncology, Advent Health Orlando, Orlando, FL 32804, USA;
| | - Ziad T. Awad
- Surgery, University of Florida-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA;
| | - Debashish Bose
- Surgical Oncology, University of Florida-Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA;
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.J.); (B.A.C.)
| | - Barbara A. Centeno
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (K.J.); (B.A.C.)
| | - Clement K. Gwede
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (L.G.); (V.N.S.); (S.T.V.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Sarah M. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.M.J.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (S.M.J.); (A.R.J.)
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.C.); (D.J.)
| | - Mark Bloomston
- Lee Health Regional Cancer Center, Fort Myers, FL 33905, USA; (A.W.); (B.J.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Nipun B. Merchant
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.W.D.); (J.K.); (A.D.); (E.C.); (D.W.K.); (J.M.P.); (B.D.P.); (F.B.); (P.J.H.); (M.M.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (I.E.W.); (A.N.R.); (J.G.T.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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Mitsakos AT, Dennis SO, Parikh AA, Snyder RA. Thirty-day complication rates do not differ by race among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:970-977. [PMID: 33497474 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Black patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are less likely to receive multimodality treatment and have worse survival compared to White patients. However, little is known regarding racial differences in postoperative outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to determine if 30-day complication rates following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) differ by race. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PD for PDAC from 2014 to 2016 within the ACS-NSQIP pancreatectomy-specific data set was performed. Primary outcomes were 30-day pancreas-specific and overall major complications. RESULTS A total of 6936 patients were identified, including 91.4% (N = 6337) White and 8.6% (N = 599) Black. Pathologic stage and rates of neoadjuvant therapy were similar among Whites and Blacks. Rates of pancreas-specific (23.9% vs. 23.1%, p = .88) and major postoperative complications (39.2% vs. 39.9%, p = .55) were similar between Whites and Blacks. By multivariable regression analysis, there was no association between race and odds of pancreas-specific complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.37) or overall major complications (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.95-1.36). CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing PD for PDAC, Black race is not associated with increased pancreas-specific or overall 30-day postoperative complications. Short-term postoperative outcomes do not appear to explain the increase in pancreatic cancer mortality among Black patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios T Mitsakos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel O Dennis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander A Parikh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca A Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Sarkar RR, Fero KE, Seible DM, Panjwani N, Matsuno RK, Murphy JD. A Population-Based Study of Morbidity After Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020; 17:432-440. [PMID: 31085756 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease characterized by early and relentless tumor spread, thus leading healthcare providers to consider it a "distant disease." However, local pancreatic tumor progression can lead to substantial morbidity. This study defines the long-term morbidity from local and nonlocal disease progression in a large population-based cohort. METHODS A total of 21,500 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2000 through 2011 were identified. Hospitalizations were attributed to complications of either local disease (eg, biliary disorder, upper gastrointestinal ulcer/bleed, pain, pancreas-related, radiation toxicity) or nonlocal/distant disease (eg, thromboembolic events, cytopenia, dehydration, nausea/vomiting/motility problem, malnutrition and cachexia, ascites, pathologic fracture, and chemotherapy-related toxicity). Competing risk analyses were used to identify predictors of hospitalization. RESULTS Of the total cohort, 9,347 patients (43.5%) were hospitalized for a local complication and 13,101 patients (60.9%) for a nonlocal complication. After adjusting for the competing risk of death, the 12-month cumulative incidence of hospitalization from local complications was highest in patients with unresectable disease (53.1%), followed by resectable (39.5%) and metastatic disease (33.7%) at diagnosis. For nonlocal complications, the 12-month cumulative incidence was highest in patients with metastatic disease (57.0%), followed by unresectable (56.8%) and resectable disease (42.8%) at diagnosis. Multivariable analysis demonstrated several predictors of hospitalization for local and nonlocal complications, including age, race/ethnicity, location of residence, disease stage, tumor size, and diagnosis year. Radiation and chemotherapy had minimal impact on the risk of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Despite the widely known predilection of nonlocal/distant disease spread in pancreatic cancer, local tumor progression also leads to substantial morbidity and frequent hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reith R Sarkar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Katherine E Fero
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel M Seible
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Neil Panjwani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Rayna K Matsuno
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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Ethnic and racial disparities of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in Florida. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:735-743. [PMID: 31601507 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities are known to negatively impact survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, data regarding the Hispanic ethnicity are scarce in the pancreatic cancer literature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze whether race and ethnicity are independent predictors of survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in Florida. METHODS A retrospective study was performed utilizing all patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 1983 and 2013 in the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). Statistical analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression models, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Of 36,756 patients identified with pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the FCDS, 9.1% were Hispanic and 91% were non-Hispanic. Ethnicity was associated with improved survival among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82-0.90, both p = 0.001). Furthermore, 90% of patients were White, and 9% were Black. Compared to Whites, Blacks had a significantly decreased survival (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.13, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In Florida patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Hispanic ethnicity is associated with improved survival compared to Non-Hispanics. Additionally, Blacks present at an earlier age and later stage of diagnosis with worse survival compared to Whites and Others.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treatment and outcomes of patients younger than 50 years (young adults [YAs]) with pancreatic cancer are largely unknown. We evaluated the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of these patients. METHODS The National Cancer Database was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to identify variables associated with overall survival. RESULTS A total of 124,442 patients with pancreatic cancer were identified, with 9657 between 18 and 50 years of age. Mean age was 45.4 years (standard deviation, 4.6 years). About 30.9% of YA patients and 25% of patients older than 50 years underwent resection of the primary tumor. Survival advantage was seen for patients 18 to 39 years (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.23; P < 0.001). This age advantage was similar across all the racial groups. Overall, YAs treated between 2009 and 2013 had higher survival rates compared with 2004 to 2008 (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.89; P < 0.001). This survival improvement was highest in American Indians and Asian/Pacific Islanders (16.6% vs 6.5%), African Americans (10.6% vs 8.5%), and Hispanics (14.5% vs 12.6%). CONCLUSIONS Survival of YAs with pancreatic cancer patients is superior to older patients and has improved over time, especially in minority populations.
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Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer remains a major health concern; in the next 2 years, it will become the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Health disparities in the treatment of pancreatic cancer exist across many disciplines, including race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and insurance. This narrative review discusses what is known about these disparities, with the goal of highlighting targets for equity promoting interventions. Methods: We performed a narrative review of health disparities in pancreatic cancer spanning greater than ten areas, including epidemiology, treatment, and outcome, using the PubMed NIH database from 2000 to 2019 in the Unites States. Results: African Americans (AAs) tend to present at diagnosis with later stage disease. AAs and Hispanics have lower rates of surgical resection, are more likely to be treated at low volume hospitals, and often experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to white patients, although control for confounders is often limited. Insurance and SES also factor into the delivery of treatment for pancreatic cancer. Conclusion: Disparities by race and SES exist in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer that are largely driven by race and SES. Improved understanding of underlying causes could inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Noel
- Department of Medicine Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, New York
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Department of Medicine Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Wilmot Cancer Institute, Rochester, New York
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Permuth JB, Clark Daly A, Jeong D, Choi JW, Cameron ME, Chen D, Teer JK, Barnett TE, Li J, Powers BD, Kumar NB, George TJ, Ali KN, Huynh T, Vyas S, Gwede CK, Simmons VN, Hodul PJ, Carballido EM, Judge AR, Fleming JB, Merchant N, Trevino JG. Racial and ethnic disparities in a state-wide registry of patients with pancreatic cancer and an exploratory investigation of cancer cachexia as a contributor to observed inequities. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3314-3324. [PMID: 31074202 PMCID: PMC6558500 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by racial/ethnic disparities and the debilitating muscle-wasting condition, cancer cachexia. Florida ranks second in the number of PC deaths and has a large and understudied minority population. We examined the primary hypothesis that PC incidence and mortality rates may be highest among Black Floridians and the secondary hypothesis that biological correlates of cancer cachexia may underlie disparities. PC incidence and mortality rates were estimated by race/ethnicity, gender, and county using publicly available state-wide cancer registry data that included approximately 2700 Black, 25 200 Non-Hispanic White (NHW), and 3300 Hispanic/Latino (H/L) Floridians diagnosed between 2004 and 2014. Blacks within Florida experienced a significantly (P < 0.05) higher incidence (12.5/100 000) and mortality (10.97/100 000) compared to NHW (incidence = 11.2/100 000; mortality = 10.3/100 000) and H/L (incidence = 9.6/100 000; mortality = 8.7/100 000), especially in rural counties. To investigate radiologic and blood-based correlates of cachexia, we leveraged data from a subset of patients evaluated at two geographically distinct Florida Cancer Centers. In Blacks compared to NHW matched on stage, markers of PC-induced cachexia were more frequent and included greater decreases in core musculature compared to corresponding healthy control patients (25.0% vs 10.1% lower), greater decreases in psoas musculature over time (10.5% vs 4.8% loss), lower baseline serum albumin levels (3.8 vs 4.0 gm/dL), and higher platelet counts (332.8 vs 268.7 k/UL). Together, these findings suggest for the first time that PC and cachexia may affect Blacks disproportionately. Given its nearly universal contribution to illness and PC-related deaths, the early diagnosis and treatment of cachexia may represent an avenue to improve health equity, quality of life, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Ashley Clark Daly
- Division of Behavioral HealthIdaho Department of Health and WelfareBoiseIdaho
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Jung W. Choi
- Department of Cancer Imaging & MetabolismMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Miles E. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Division of General SurgeryUniversity of Florida Health Sciences CenterGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Dung‐Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Tracey E. Barnett
- School of Public HealthUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexas
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Biostatistics and BioinformaticsMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Benjamin D. Powers
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | | | - Thomas J. George
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Florida Health Sciences CenterGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Karla N. Ali
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Tri Huynh
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Shraddha Vyas
- Department of Cancer EpidemiologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Clement K. Gwede
- Department of Health Outcomes and BehaviorMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Vani N. Simmons
- Department of Health Outcomes and BehaviorMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Pamela J. Hodul
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | | | - Andrew R. Judge
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida
| | - Jose G. Trevino
- Department of Surgery, Division of General SurgeryUniversity of Florida Health Sciences CenterGainesvilleFlorida
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18
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Makar M, Worple E, Dove J, Hunsinger M, Arora T, Oxenberg J, Blansfield JA. Disparities in Care: Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Pancreatic Surgery: Exploring the National Cancer Database. Am Surg 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481908500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown high-volume institutions have decreased mortality and increased survival for pancreatectomy. However, not all patients can travel to high-volume centers. Socioeconomic factors may influence treatment decisions. The goal of this study is to examine socioeconomic factors that determine where a patient is treated and how that location affects outcome. This is a retrospective study of the National Cancer Database of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2004 to 2014. The primary outcome was to examine socioeconomic factors that predicted where a patient underwent their pancreatectomy. Patients treated at academic programs (APs) had to travel a mean distance of 80.9 miles, whereas patients treated at community programs (CPs) had to travel 31.7 miles ( P < 0.0001). Spanish and Hispanic patients were less likely to travel to an AP (69% had surgery at an AP versus 76% of non-Hispanic patients, P < 0.001). Patients with higher comorbidities were also more likely to have care at CPs. Patients who had pancreatic cancer surgery at CPs were more likely to be Hispanic or with higher medical comorbidities. Those who had surgery at AP traveled further distances but had better perioperative outcomes and had an improvement in overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Makar
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania and
| | - Ericha Worple
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James Dove
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Marie Hunsinger
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Tania Arora
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Oxenberg
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
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19
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Rustgi SD, Amin SP, Kim MK, Nagula S, Kumta NA, DiMaio CJ, Boffetta P, Lucas AL. Age, socioeconomic features, and clinical factors predict receipt of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:133-144. [PMID: 30788032 PMCID: PMC6379750 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the recommended technique for biliary decompression in pancreatic cancer. Previous studies have suggested racial, socioeconomic and geographic differences in diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of pancreatic cancer patients.
AIM To examine geographic, racial, socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with utilization of ERCP.
METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results and linked Medicare claims data were used to identify pancreatic cancer patients between 2000-2011. Claims data were used to identify patients who had ERCP and other treatments. The primary outcome was receipt of ERCP. Chi-squared analyses were used to compare demographic information. Trends in use of ERCP over time were assessed using Cochran Armitage test. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for receipt ERCP were calculated using logistic regression, controlling for other characteristics.
RESULTS Among 32510 pancreatic cancer patients, 14704 (45.2%) underwent ERCP. Patients who had cancer located in the head of the pancreas (aOR 3.27, 95%CI: 2.99-3.57), had jaundice (aOR 7.59, 95%CI: 7.06-8.17), cholangitis (aOR 4.22, 95%CI: 3.71-4.81) or pruritus (aOR 1.42, 95%CI: 1.22-1.66) and lived in lower education zip codes (aOR 1.14, 95%CI: 1.04-1.24) were more likely to receive ERCP. In contrast, patients who were older (aOR 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83, 0.94), not married (aOR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.98), and lived in a non-metropolitan area (aOR 0.89, 95%CI: 0.82, 0.98) were less likely to receive ERCP. Compared to white patients, non-white/non-black patients (aOR 0.83, 95%CI: 0.70-0.97) were less likely to receive ERCP. Patients diagnosed later in the study period were less likely to receive ERCP (aOR 2004-2007 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92; aOR 2008-2011 0.76, 95%CI: 0.70-0.83). After stratifying by indications for ERCP including jaundice, racial differences persisted (aOR black patients 0.80, 95%CI: 0.67-0.95, nonwhite/nonblack patients 0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.91). Among patients with jaundice, those who underwent surgery were less likely to undergo ERCP (aOR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.69).
CONCLUSION ERCP utilization in pancreatic cancer varies based on patient age, marital status, and factors related to where the patient lives. Further studies are needed to guide appropriate biliary intervention for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila D Rustgi
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sunil P Amin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98101, United States
| | - Michelle K Kim
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Satish Nagula
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Nikhil A Kumta
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Christopher J DiMaio
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Aimee L Lucas
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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20
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Cervantes A, Waymouth EK, Petrov MS. African-Americans and Indigenous Peoples Have Increased Burden of Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:249-261. [PMID: 30259278 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic health disparity is a well-acknowledged issue in many disease settings, but not diseases of the exocrine pancreas. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to explore the race- and ethnicity-specific burden of diseases of the exocrine pancreas. Studies that compared health-related endpoints between two or more ethnicities were eligible for inclusion. Proportion meta-analyses were conducted to compare burden between groups. A total of 42 studies (24 on pancreatic cancer, 17 on pancreatitis, and one on pancreatic cyst) were included in the systematic review, of which 19 studies were suitable for meta-analyses. The incidence of pancreatic cancer was 1.4-fold higher among African-Americans, while the incidence of acute pancreatitis was 4.8-fold higher among an indigenous population (New Zealand Māori) compared with Caucasians. The prevalence of post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus was up to 3.0-fold higher among certain ethnicities, including Asians, Pacific Islanders, and indigenous populations compared with Caucasians. The burden of diseases of the exocrine pancreas differs between ethnicities, with African-Americans and certain indigenous populations being at the greatest risk of developing these diseases. Development of race- and ethnicity-specific screening as well as protocols for lifestyle modifications may need to be considered with a view to reducing the disparities in burden of diseases of the exocrine pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Cervantes
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ellen K Waymouth
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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21
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Moaven O, Richman JS, Reddy S, Wang T, Heslin MJ, Contreras CM. Healthcare disparities in outcomes of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Am J Surg 2018; 217:725-731. [PMID: 30583797 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate health disparities in the outcomes of patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 280,935 patients from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), from 1998 to 2012 to compare the differences in patient characteristics, refusal of offered surgical treatment and overall survival after pancreatic adenocarcinoma resection between white vs. black patients. RESULTS Black patients did not undergo and refused offered surgical treatment more frequently. Race and insurance were the most important factors independently associated with not receiving the offered resection. Having private insurance, Hispanic ethnic background, geographic location, higher income, residing in urban/metropolitan area and systemic treatment were independently associated with improved survival. Race was associated with overall worse survival in an unadjusted model but not in multivariable analysis. The association between race and survival was removed when adjusting for facility location, income, education, tumor size, tumor stage or systemic treatment. CONCLUSION Disparities exist at various levels in resectable pancreatic cancers. These findings help developing targeted interventions and quality improvement initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Moaven
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Joshua S Richman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Sushanth Reddy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Thomas Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Martin J Heslin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Carlo M Contreras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA.
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22
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Latchana N, Coburn N. Barriers to Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 26:15-16. [PMID: 30406483 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Latchana
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Coburn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of General Surgery, Odette Cancer Centre - Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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23
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate whether disparities in pancreatic cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survival are reduced in an integrated health system. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study (2006-2014) among patients with pancreatic cancer from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Racial ethnic groups included non-Hispanic whites (NHW), non-Hispanic blacks (NHB), Hispanics, and Asians. We used multivariable and Cox regression analyses to evaluate disparities in diagnosis and treatment utilization (oncology care, surgery, time to surgery, chemotherapy) and overall survival, respectively. RESULTS Among 2103 patients, 54% were diagnosed with stage IV disease, 80% received oncology consultation, 20% received surgery with mean time to surgery 27 days (standard deviation, 36.8), 50.4% received chemotherapy. Mean overall survival was 8.6 months (standard deviation, 11.5). There were no differences in odds of stage IV diagnosis, oncology consultation, surgery, or time to surgery by racial ethnic group. Asians were more likely to receive chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.32) compared to NHW. NHB (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.91) and Asians (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-1.00) had improved survival compared to NHW. CONCLUSIONS Minorities were not disadvantaged in pancreatic cancer care. Improved health care coordination may improve current disparities.
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24
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increasingly mixed communities in large cities, there remains a paucity of absolute and comparative data concerning the treatment, access and survival of British Asians with pancreatic cancer. METHODS A prospective database of 1038 patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer from 2003 to 2012 was analysed. Asian/Asian British was defined as patients identifying themselves as originating from India, Bangladesh or Pakistan. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in gender split for both Asian/Asian British and White British (AAB and WB). The incidence of pancreas cancer was also equivalent between the two groups at 8.1 versus 8.8 per 100,000 of the population. Age at presentation was significantly younger in AABs when compared to WBs (67 vs. 70 years, p = 0.003). Whilst median maximal tumour diameter, node status and the incidence of metastases were not different between AABs and WBs, the AABs had a significantly greater median T-stage (3.0 versus 2.5, p = 0.0024). The percentage of patients referred for chemotherapy was significantly higher in the AAB group (70.5 vs. 47.7 %, p = 0.0015). Overall survival and survival for patients having palliative treatment were significantly greater in AABs (4.6 vs. 6.1 months and 3.7 vs. 5.1 months). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that AAB patients are present with pancreatic cancer at a younger age and that when receiving palliative chemotherapy their survival is significantly better. Further studies and larger data sets over a longer period are required. It is important to examine further the complexity of incidence and survival in ethnic minorities and investigate the underlying reasons when differences are demonstrated.
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25
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26
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Kagedan DJ, Abraham L, Goyert N, Li Q, Paszat LF, Kiss A, Earle CC, Mittmann N, Coburn NG. Beyond the dollar: Influence of sociodemographic marginalization on surgical resection, adjuvant therapy, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 2016; 122:3175-3182. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Kagedan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Liza Abraham
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nik Goyert
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lawrence F. Paszat
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Alexander Kiss
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Craig C. Earle
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nicole Mittmann
- Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic (HOPE) Research Centre; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Natalie G. Coburn
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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27
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Identifying Factors Influencing Pancreatic Cancer Management to Inform Quality Improvement Efforts and Future Research: A Scoping Systematic Review. Pancreas 2016; 45:161-6. [PMID: 26752254 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) patients appear to receive suboptimal care. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors that influence PC management which are amenable to quality improvement. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the references of eligible studies were searched from 1996 to July 2014. Two authors independently selected and reviewed eligible studies. Identified factors were mapped onto a framework of determinants of care delivery and outcomes. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Downs and Black criteria. Most of the 33 eligible studies were population-based observational studies conducted in the United States. Patient (age, socioeconomic status, race) and institutional (case volume, academic status) factors influence care delivery and outcomes (complications, mortality, readmission, survival). Two studies implemented interventions to improve quality of care (centralization to high-volume hospitals, multidisciplinary care). One study examined system determinants (referral wait times). No studies examined the influence of guideline or provider characteristics. The overall lack of health services research in PC is striking. Factors and interventions identified here can be used to plan PC quality improvement programs. Further research is needed to explore the influence of guideline and provider factors on PC management and evaluate the impact of quality improvement interventions.
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28
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Yu J, Blackford AL, dal Molin M, Wolfgang CL, Goggins M. Time to progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from low-to-high tumour stages. Gut 2015; 64:1783-9. [PMID: 25636698 PMCID: PMC4520782 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is considered a rapidly progressive disease, mathematical models estimate that it takes many years for an initiating pancreatic cancer cell to grow into an advanced stage cancer. In order to estimate the time it takes for a pancreatic cancer to progress through different tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stages, we compared the mean age of patients with pancreatic cancers of different sizes and stages. DESIGN Patient age, tumour size, stage and demographic information were analysed for 13,131 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma entered into the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Multiple linear regression models for age were generated, adjusting for patient ethnicity, gender, tumour location and neoplastic grades. RESULTS African-American ethnicity and male gender were associated with an earlier age at diagnosis. Patients with stage I cancers (mean age 64.8 years) were on average 1.3 adjusted years younger at diagnosis than those with stage IV cancers (p=0.001). Among patients without distant metastases, those with T1 stage cancers were on average 1.06 and 1.19 adjusted years younger, respectively, than patients with T3 or T4 cancers (p=0.03 for both). Among patients with stage IIB cancers, those with T1/T2 cancers were 0.79 adjusted years younger than those with T3 cancers (p=0.06). There was no significant difference in the mean adjusted age of patients with stage IA versus stage IB cancers. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with the hypothesis that once pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas become detectable clinically progression from low-stage to advanced-stage disease is rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco dal Molin
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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29
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Sahakyan MA, Kazaryan AM, Rawashdeh M, Fuks D, Shmavonyan M, Haugvik SP, Labori KJ, Buanes T, Røsok BI, Ignjatovic D, Abu Hilal M, Gayet B, Kim SC, Edwin B. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: results of a multicenter cohort study on 196 patients. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:3409-18. [PMID: 26514135 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy is widely accepted as a feasible option for distal pancreatectomy. However, the experience in laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is limited to a small number of studies, reported by expert centers. The present study aimed to evaluate perioperative and oncological outcomes after LDP for PDAC in a large, multicenter cohort of patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the data on 196 patients with histologically verified PDAC, operated at Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet (Oslo, Norway), Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Republic of Korea), Institut Mutualiste Montsouris (Paris, France) and University Hospital Southampton (Southampton, UK) between January 2002 and April 2015 was conducted. The patients with standard (SLDP) and extended (i.e., en bloc with adjacent organ, ELDP) resections were compared in terms of perioperative and oncological outcomes. RESULTS Out of 196 LDP procedures, 191 (97.4 %) were completed through laparoscopy, while five (2.6 %) were converted to open surgery. ELDP was performed in 30 (15.7 %) cases. Sixty-one (31.9 %) patients experienced postoperative complications, including 48 (25.1 %) with pancreatic fistula. The rate of clinically relevant fistula (grade B/C) was 15.7 %. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 (2-63) days. Median follow-up was 16 months. Median survival was 31.3 months (95 % CI 22.9-39.6). Three- and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 42.4 and 30 %, respectively. SLDP was associated with significantly higher survival compared with ELDP (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS LDP seems to be a feasible and safe procedure, providing satisfactory oncological outcomes in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushegh A Sahakyan
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Surgery No 1, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Airazat M Kazaryan
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Finnmark Hospital, Kirkenes, Norway
| | - Majd Rawashdeh
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - David Fuks
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotique (ISIR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mark Shmavonyan
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven-Petter Haugvik
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Sugery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Knut Jørgen Labori
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Sugery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Buanes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Sugery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bård Ingvald Røsok
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Sugery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dejan Ignjatovic
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Brice Gayet
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotique (ISIR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Billiary Sugery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Khawja SN, Mohammed S, Silberfein EJ, Musher BL, Fisher WE, Van Buren G. Pancreatic cancer disparities in African Americans. Pancreas 2015; 44:522-7. [PMID: 25872128 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The incidence of pancreatic cancer in African Americans is 50% to 90% higher than the incidence in other racial groups. African Americans also have the worst prognosis. This is an evidence-based review of pancreatic cancer in African Americans with particular emphasis on baseline characteristics, treatment, and survival. METHODS We queried PubMed in search for articles describing racial disparities in pancreatic cancer. Two categories of terms were "anded" together: pancreatic cancer terms and race terms. The last search was performed on November 14, 2013. RESULTS We summarized the data on pancreatic cancer baseline characteristics, treatment, and survival for African Americans that we obtained from the following databases: (1) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results, 1988-2008; (2) California Cancer Registry 1988-1998; (3) Cancer Survivor Program of Orange County/San Diego Imperial Organization for Cancer Control, 1988-1998; and (4) Harris County, 1998-2010. CONCLUSIONS Overall, pancreatic cancer survival of African Americans has not significantly improved over the past several decades despite advances in multimodality therapy; African Americans continue to face worse outcomes than whites. Although baseline characteristics, treatment, and biological factors offer some explanation, they do not completely explain the disparities in incidence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila N Khawja
- From the *Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, †The Elkins Pancreas Center, ‡Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, and §Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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31
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Kneuertz PJ, Kao LS, Ko TC, Wray CJ. Regional disparities affect treatment and survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma--a Texas Cancer Registry analysis. J Surg Oncol 2014; 110:416-21. [PMID: 24889699 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is often diagnosed at advanced stage and few patients qualify for resection. Effects of barriers to access on outcomes are unknown. We hypothesized that income and rural residence account for delays in treatment and decreased survival. METHODS Texas Cancer Registry was queried for ICC patients from 2000 to 2008. Median household income (MHI) and urban/rural status were analyzed. Regression analyses were performed for (1) time-to- treatment (TTT), and (2) overall survival (OS). RESULTS Among 1,089 patients, 20.2% patients resided in rural areas and MHI ranged $24,497-$81,113/year. Primary treatment included surgery for 9.5%, radiation 5.4% and chemotherapy 21.0%. Median TTT was 29 (range 0-235) days. Patients from low-income areas were less likely to receive treatment (below median MHI, 29.7% vs. above median MHI, 37.5%%; P = 0.007). MHI was associated with TTT (per $10,000/year: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09). Adjusting for stage, MHI was associated with OS (per $10,000/year: HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.94-0.99). Rural residence was neither associated with TTT nor OS. CONCLUSION Overall treatment rates for ICC patients are low. Regional income, not urbanization was associated treatment and survival independent of stage. Further research is needed to determine how regional prosperity relates to care access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Kneuertz
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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32
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Phatak UR, Kao LS, Millas SG, Wiatrek RL, Ko TC, Wray CJ. Interaction between age and race alters predicted survival in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3363-9. [PMID: 23771247 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in colorectal cancer persist. Late stage at presentation and lack of stage-specific treatment may be contributing factors. We sought to evaluate the magnitude of disparity remaining after accounting for gender, stage, and treatment using predicted survival models. METHODS We used institutional tumor registries from a public health system (two hospitals) and a not-for-profit health system (nine hospitals) from 1995 to 2011. Demographics, stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival were recorded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and predicted HRs were determined by Cox regression and postestimation analyses. RESULTS There were 6,990 patients: 55.7 % white, 23.6 % African American, 15.1 % Hispanic, and 5.6 % Asian/other. Predictors of survival were surgery (HR 0.57, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.70), chemotherapy (HR 0.7, 95 % CI 0.62-0.79), female gender (HR 0.87, 95 % CI 0.83-0.90), age (HR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.03-1.05), and African American race (HR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.5-8.4). Balancing for stage, gender, and treatment reduced the predicted HRs for African Americans by 28 % and Hispanics by 17 %. In this model, African American and Hispanics still had the worst predicted HRs at younger ages, but whites had the worst predicted HR after age 75. CONCLUSIONS Gender, stage, and treatment partially accounted for worsened survival in African Americans and Hispanics at all ages. At younger ages, race-related disparities remained which may reflect tumor biology or other unknown factors. Once gender, stage, and treatment are balanced at older ages, the increased mortality observed in whites may be due to factors such as comorbidities. Further system- and patient-level study is needed to investigate reasons for colorectal cancer survival disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma R Phatak
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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