1
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Benchimol E, Ebbert KE, Walther A, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Ligand Conformation Controls Assembly of a Helicate/Mesocate, Heteroleptic [Pd 2L 2L' 2] Cages and a Six-Jagged [Pd 6L 12] Ring. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401850. [PMID: 38853595 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Molecular building blocks, capable of adopting several strongly deviating conformations, are of particular interest in the development of stimuli-responsive self-assemblies. The pronounced structural flexibility of a short acridone-based bridging ligand, equipped with two monodentate isoquinoline donors, is herein exploited to assemble a surprisingly diverse series of coordination-driven Pd(II) architectures. First, it can form a highly twisted Pd2L4 helicate, transformable into the corresponding mesocate, controlled by temperature, counter anion and choice of solvent. Second, it also allows the formation of heteroleptic cages, either from a mix of ligands with Pd(II) cations or by cage-to-cage transformation from homoleptic assemblies. Here, the acridone-based ligand tolerates counter ligands that carry their donors either in a diverging or converging arrangement, as it can rotate its own coordination sites by 90° and structurally adapt to both situations via shape complementarity. Third, by a near 180° rotation of only one of its arms, the ligand can adopt an S-shape conformation and form an unprecedented C6h-symmetric Pd6L12 saw-toothed six-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kristina E Ebbert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alexandre Walther
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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DiNardi RG, Rasheed S, Capomolla SS, Chak MH, Middleton IA, Macreadie LK, Violi JP, Donald WA, Lusby PJ, Beves JE. Photoswitchable Catalysis by a Self-Assembled Molecular Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21196-21202. [PMID: 39051845 PMCID: PMC11311219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A heteroleptic [Pd2L2L'2]4+ coordination cage containing a photoswitchable azobenzene-derived ligand catalyzes the Michael addition reaction between methyl vinyl ketone and benzoyl nitromethane within its cavity. The corresponding homoleptic cages are catalytically inactive. The heteroleptic cage can be reversibly disassembled and reassembled using 530 and 405 nm light, respectively, allowing catalysis within the cage to be switched OFF and ON at will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray G. DiNardi
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Samina Rasheed
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Man Him Chak
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Isis A. Middleton
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Jake P. Violi
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - William A. Donald
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster
Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Jonathon E. Beves
- School
of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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3
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Tipping MB, Pruñonosa Lara L, Solea AB, von Krbek LKS, Ward MD. Photoswitching of Co(ii)-based coordination cages containing azobenzene backbones. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8488-8499. [PMID: 38846406 PMCID: PMC11151815 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of photoswitchable azobenzene units as spacers into ditopic bridging ligands Lm and Lp, containing two chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine termini, allows formation of metal complex assemblies with Co(ii) that undergo a range of light-induced structural transformations. One notable result is the light-induced conversion of a Co2(Lp)3 dinuclear triple helicate (based on the E ligand isomer) to a C 3-symmetric Co4(Lp)6 assembly, assumed to be an edge-bridged tetrahedral cage, based on the Z ligand isomer. Another is the preparation of a series of Co4(Lm)6 complexes, of which Co4(E-Lm)6 was crystallographically characterised and consists of a pair of Co2(Lm)2 double helicates connected by an additional two bridging ligands which span the pair of helicate units, giving a cyclic Co4 array in which one and then two bridging ligands alternate around the periphery. A set of Co4(Lm)6 complexes could be prepared containing different ratios of Z : E ligand isomers (0 : 6, 2 : 4, 4 : 2 and 6 : 0) of which Co4(Z-Lm)2(E-Lm)4 was particularly stable and dominated the speciation behaviour, either during light-induced switching of the ligand geometry in pre-formed complexes, or when ligand isomers were combined in different proportions during the preparation. These examples of (i) interconversion between Co2L3 (helicate) and (ii) Co4L6 (cage) assemblies with Lp, and the interconversion between a series of Co4L6 assemblies Co4(Z-Lm)n(E-Lm)6-n with Lm, constitute significant advances in the field of photoswitchable supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Lidón Pruñonosa Lara
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Larissa K S von Krbek
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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4
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Lai YL, Xie M, Zhou XC, Wang XZ, Zhu XW, Luo D, Zhou XP, Li D. Precise Post-Synthetic Modification of Heterometal-Organic Capsules for Selectively Encapsulating Tetrahedral Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402829. [PMID: 38380830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Post-synthetic modification plays a crucial role in precisely adjusting the structure and functions of advanced materials. Herein, we report the self-assembly of a tubular heterometallic Pd3Cu6L16 capsule that incorporates Pd(II) and CuL1 metalloligands. This capsule undergoes further modification with two tridentate anionic ligands (L2) to afford a bicapped Pd3Cu6L16L22 capsule with an Edshammer polyhedral structure. By employing transition metal ions, acid, and oxidation agents, the bicapped capsule can be converted into an uncapped one. This uncapped form can then revert back to the bicapped structure on the addition of Br- ions and a base. Interestingly, introducing Ag+ ions leads to the removal of one L2 ligand from the bicapped capsule, yielding a mono-capped Pd3Cu6L16L2 structure. Furthermore, the size of the anions critically influences the precise control over the post-synthetic modifications of the capsules. It was demonstrated that these capsules selectively encapsulate tetrahedral anions, offering a novel approach for the design of intelligent molecular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Liang Lai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Mo Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Zhi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Engineering Technology Developing Center of High-Performance CCL, Jiaying University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514015, PR China
| | - Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P. R. China
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5
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Speakman NA, Heard AW, Nitschke JR. A Cu I6L 4 Cage Dynamically Reconfigures to Form Suit[4]anes and Selectively Bind Fluorinated Steroids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10234-10239. [PMID: 38578086 PMCID: PMC11027141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Simple organic ligands can self-assemble with metal ions to generate metal-organic cages, whose cavities bind guests selectively. This binding may enable new methods of chemical separation or sensing, among other useful functions. Here we report the preparation of a CuI6L4 pseudo-octahedral metal-organic cage, the ligands of which self-assemble from simple organic building blocks. Temperature, solvent, and the presence of different guests governed which structure predominated from a dynamic mixture of cage diastereomers with different arrangements of right- or left-handed metal vertices. Dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide or the binding of tetrahedral guests led to a chiral tetrahedral T-symmetric framework, whereas low temperatures favored the achiral S4-symmetric diastereomer. Tetrahedral guests with long arms were encapsulated to form mechanically bonded suit[4]anes, with guest arms protruding out through host windows. The cage was also observed to bind fluorinated steroids, an important class of drug molecules, but not non-fluorinated steroids, providing the basis for new separation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha
M. A. Speakman
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Andrew W. Heard
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Astex
Pharmaceuticals, 436
Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K.
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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6
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Wu K, Benchimol E, Baksi A, Clever GH. Non-statistical assembly of multicomponent [Pd 2ABCD] cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:584-591. [PMID: 38243023 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled hosts, inspired by biological receptors and catalysts, show application potential in sustainable synthesis, energy conversion and medicine. Implementing multiple functionalities in the form of distinguishable building blocks, however, is difficult without risking narcissistic self-sorting or a statistical mess. Here we report a systematic series of integratively self-assembled heteroleptic cages in which two square-planar PdII cations are bridged by four different bis-pyridyl ligands, A, B, C and D, via synergistic effects to exclusively form a single isomer-the lantern-shaped cage [Pd2ABCD]. This self-sorting goal-forming just one out of 55 possible structures-is reached under full thermodynamic control and can be realized progressively (by combining progenitors, such as [Pd2A2C2] with [Pd2B2D2]), directly from ligands and PdII cations or by mixing all four corresponding homoleptic cages. The rational design of complex multicomponent assemblies that enables the modular incorporation of diverse chemical moieties will advance their applicability in functional nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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7
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Prajapati D, Bhandari P, Zangrando E, Mukherjee PS. A water-soluble Pd 4 molecular tweezer for selective encapsulation of isomeric quinones and their recyclable extraction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3616-3624. [PMID: 38455025 PMCID: PMC10915840 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinones (QN) are one of the main components of diesel exhaust particulates that have significant detrimental effects on human health. Their extraction and purification have been challenging tasks because these atmospheric particulates exist as complex matrices consisting of inorganic and organic compounds. In this report, we introduce a new water soluble Pd4L2 molecular architecture (MT) with an unusual tweezer-shaped structure obtained by self-assembly of a newly designed phenothiazine-based tetra-imidazole donor (L) with the acceptor cis-[(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2] (M) [ tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine]. The molecular tweezer encapsulates some quinones existing in diesel exhaust particulates (DEPs) leading to the formation of host-guest complexes in 1 : 1 molar ratio. Moreover, MT binds phenanthrenequinone (PQ) more strongly than its isomer anthraquinone (AQ), an aspect that enables extraction of PQ with a purity of 91% from an equimolar mixture of the two isomers. Therefore, MT represents an excellent example of supramolecular receptor capable of selective aqueous extraction of PQ from PQ/AQ with many cycles of reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmraj Prajapati
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste 34127 Italy
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
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8
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Benchimol E, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Photoswitchable coordination cages. Nat Chem 2024; 16:13-21. [PMID: 38182764 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive behaviour is key to the design of smart materials, surfaces, nano-systems and effector molecules, allowing their application as switchable catalysts, molecular transporters, bioimaging probes or caged drugs. Supramolecular chemistry has embraced the widespread integration of photoswitches because of their precise spatiotemporal addressability and waste-free nature. In the vibrant area of discrete metal-mediated self-assembly, however, photoswitches are still rarely employed. Only recently has it been shown that embedding photoswitches into the organic backbones of coordination cages enables control of their host and material properties and thus unlocks the hitherto unexploited dynamic adaptivity of such systems. Here we discuss four cases where triggering ligand-integrated photoswitches leads to (1) control over disassembly/reassembly, (2) bi-stable switching between defined states, (3) interplay with thermal processes in metastable systems and (4) light-fuelled dissipative self-assembly. We highlight first clues concerning the relationship between fundamental photophysics and dynamic assembly equilibria and propose directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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9
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Nieland E, Voss J, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Cages and Macrocycles. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300353. [PMID: 37638597 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of light to achieve precise manipulation and control over the structure and function of supramolecular assemblies has emerged as a highly promising approach in the development of complex, configurable, or multifunctional systems and nanoscopic machine-like entities. In this minireview, we highlight recent examples of self-assembled and covalently bound cages and macrocycles with a focus on the external and internal functionalisation of a structure with a photoswitchable unit or the embedment of a photoswitch into the framework of a structure. Functionalising the interior or exterior of a supramolecular cage or macrocycle with a photoresponsive group enables control over different properties, such as guest binding or assembly in the solid-state, while the overall shape of the assembly often undergoes no significant change. By directly integrating a photoswitchable unit into the framework of a supramolecular structure, the isomerisation can either induce a geometry change, the disassembly, or the disassembly and reassembly of the structure. Historical and recent examples covered in this review are based on azobenzene, diarylethene, stilbene photoswitches, or alkene motors that were incorporated into macrocycles and cages constructed by metal-organic, dynamic covalent, or covalent bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Sangchai T, Al Shehimy S, Penocchio E, Ragazzon G. Artificial Molecular Ratchets: Tools Enabling Endergonic Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309501. [PMID: 37545196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest, including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic chemistry, and energy transduction. Experimental chemists are now pioneering the realization of artificial systems that can harvest energy away from equilibrium. In this tutorial Review, we provide an overview of artificial molecular ratchets: the chemical mechanisms enabling energy absorption from the environment. By focusing on the mechanism type-rather than the application domain or energy source-we offer a unifying picture of seemingly disparate phenomena, which we hope will foster progress in this fascinating domain of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Sangchai
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emanuele Penocchio
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Giulio Ragazzon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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11
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de Jong J, Bos JE, Wezenberg SJ. Stimulus-Controlled Anion Binding and Transport by Synthetic Receptors. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8530-8574. [PMID: 37342028 PMCID: PMC10347431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Anionic species are omnipresent and involved in many important biological processes. A large number of artificial anion receptors has therefore been developed. Some of these are capable of mediating transmembrane transport. However, where transport proteins can respond to stimuli in their surroundings, creation of synthetic receptors with stimuli-responsive functions poses a major challenge. Herein, we give a full overview of the stimulus-controlled anion receptors that have been developed thus far, including their application in membrane transport. In addition to their potential operation as membrane carriers, the use of anion recognition motifs in forming responsive membrane-spanning channels is discussed. With this review article, we intend to increase interest in transmembrane transport among scientists working on host-guest complexes and dynamic functional systems in order to stimulate further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333
CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Wu K, Ronson TK, Goh L, Xue W, Heard AW, Su P, Li X, Vinković M, Nitschke JR. A Diverse Array of Large Capsules Transform in Response to Stimuli. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11356-11363. [PMID: 37191451 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of biomolecules, such as enzymes, enables them to adapt and alter their conformation to fit specific substrates, expressing different functionalities in response to stimuli. Different stimuli can also trigger synthetic coordination cages to change their shape, size, and nuclearity by reconfiguring the dynamic metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Here we demonstrate an abiological system consisting of different organic subcomponents and ZnII metal ions, which can respond to simple stimuli in complex ways. A ZnII20L12 dodecahedron transforms to give a larger ZnII30L12 icosidodecahedron through subcomponent exchange, as an aldehyde that forms bidentate ligands is displaced in favor of one that forms tridentate ligands together with a penta-amine subcomponent. In the presence of a chiral template guest, the same system that produced the icosidodecahedron instead gives a ZnII15L6 truncated rhombohedral architecture through enantioselective self-assembly. Under specific crystallization conditions, a guest induces a further reconfiguration of either the ZnII30L12 or ZnII15L6 cages to yield an unprecedented ZnII20L8 pseudo-truncated octahedral structure. The transformation network of these cages shows how large synthetic hosts can undergo structural adaptation through the application of chemical stimuli, opening pathways to broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Leonard Goh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Weichao Xue
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Andrew W Heard
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mladen Vinković
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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13
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Davies JA, Tarzia A, Ronson TK, Auras F, Jelfs KE, Nitschke JR. Tetramine Aspect Ratio and Flexibility Determine Framework Symmetry for Zn 8 L 6 Self-Assembled Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217987. [PMID: 36637345 PMCID: PMC10946785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We derive design principles for the assembly of rectangular tetramines into Zn8 L6 pseudo-cubic coordination cages. Because of the rectangular, as opposed to square, geometry of the ligand panels, and the possibility of either Δ or Λ handedness of each metal center at the eight corners of the pseudo-cube, many different cage diastereomers are possible. Each of the six tetra-aniline subcomponents investigated in this work assembled with zinc(II) and 2-formylpyridine in acetonitrile into a single Zn8 L6 pseudo-cube diastereomer, however. Each product corresponded to one of four diastereomeric configurations, with T, Th , S6 or D3 symmetry. The preferred diastereomer for a given tetra-aniline subcomponent was shown to be dependent on its aspect ratio and conformational flexibility. Analysis of computationally modeled individual faces or whole pseudo-cubes provided insight as to why the observed diastereomers were favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Davies
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Florian Auras
- Department of Synthetic Materials and Functional DevicesMax-Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 206120HalleGermany
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College London White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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14
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Ovalle M, Kathan M, Toyoda R, Stindt CN, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Light-Fueled Transformations of a Dynamic Cage-Based Molecular System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214495. [PMID: 36453623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In a chemical equilibrium, the formation of high-energy species-in a closed system-is inefficient due to microscopic reversibility. Here, we demonstrate how this restriction can be circumvented by coupling a dynamic equilibrium to a light-induced E/Z isomerization of an azobenzene imine cage. The stable E-cage resists intermolecular imine exchange reactions that would "open" it. Upon switching, the strained Z-cage isomers undergo imine exchange spontaneously, thus opening the cage. Subsequent isomerization of the Z-open compounds yields a high-energy, kinetically trapped E-open species, which cannot be efficiently obtained from the initial E-cage, thus shifting an imine equilibrium energetically uphill in a closed system. Upon heating, the nucleophile is displaced back into solution and an opening/closing cycle is completed by regenerating the stable all-E-cage. Using this principle, a light-induced cage-to-cage transformation is performed by the addition of a ditopic aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ovalle
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Michael Kathan
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Charlotte N Stindt
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
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15
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Hugenbusch D, Lehr M, von Glasenapp JS, McConnell AJ, Herges R. Light-Controlled Destruction and Assembly: Switching between Two Differently Composed Cage-Type Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212571. [PMID: 36215411 PMCID: PMC10099457 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on two regioisomeric, diazocine ligands 1 and 2 that can both be photoswitched between the E- and Z-configurations with violet and green light. The self-assembly of the four species (1-Z, 1-E, 2-Z, 2-E) with CoII ions was investigated upon changing the coordination vectors as a function of the ligand configuration (E vs Z) and regioisomer (1 vs 2). With 1-Z, Co2 (1-Z)3 was self-assembled, while a mixture of ill-defined species (oligomers) was observed with 2-Z. Upon photoswitching with 385 nm to the E configurations, the opposite was observed with 1-E forming oligomers and 2-E forming Co2 (2-E)3 . Light-controlled dis/assembly was demonstrated in a ligand competition experiment with sub-stoichiometric amounts of CoII ions; alternating irradiation with violet and green light resulted in the reversible transformation between Co2 (1-Z)3 and Co2 (2-E)3 over multiple cycles without significant fatigue by photoswitching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hugenbusch
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Lehr
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Simon von Glasenapp
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna J McConnell
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Thaggard GC, Haimerl J, Park KC, Lim J, Fischer RA, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Yarbrough BJ, Wilson GR, Shustova NB. Metal-Photoswitch Friendship: From Photochromic Complexes to Functional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23249-23263. [PMID: 36512744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-photoswitch interfaces comprise an application-driven field which is based on strategic coupling of metal cations and organic photochromic molecules to advance the behavior of both components, resulting in dynamic molecular and material properties controlled through external stimuli. In this Perspective, we highlight the ways in which metal-photoswitch interplay can be utilized as a tool to modulate a system's physicochemical properties and performance in a variety of structural motifs, including discrete molecular complexes or cages, as well as periodic structures such as metal-organic frameworks. This Perspective starts with photochromic molecular complexes as the smallest subunit in which metal-photoswitch interactions can occur, and progresses toward functional materials. In particular, we explore the role of the metal-photoswitch relationship for gaining fundamental knowledge of switchable electronic and magnetic properties, as well as in the design of stimuli-responsive sensors, optically gated memory devices, catalysts, and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The abundance of stimuli-responsive systems in the natural world only foreshadows the creative directions that will uncover the full potential of metal-photoswitch interactions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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17
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Min H, Craze AR, Wallis MJ, Tokunaga R, Taira T, Hirai Y, Bhadbhade MM, Fanna DJ, Marjo CE, Hayami S, Lindoy LF, Li F. Spin Crossover Induced by Changing the Identity of the Secondary Metal Ion from Pd II to Ni II in a Face-Centered Fe II 8 M II 6 Cubic Cage. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203742. [PMID: 36550089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Discrete spin crossover (SCO) heteronuclear cages are a rare class of materials which have potential use in next-generation molecular transport and catalysis. Previous investigations of cubic cage [Fe8 Pd6 L8 ]28+ constructed using semi-rigid metalloligands, found that FeII centers of the cage did not undergo spin transition. In this work, substitution of the secondary metal center at the face of the cage resulted in SCO behavior, evidenced by magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural comparisons of these two cages shed light on the possible interplay of inter- and intramolecular interactions associated with SCO in the NiII analogue, 1 ([Fe8 Ni6 L8 (CH3 CN)12 ]28+ ). The distorted octahedral coordination environment, as well as the occupation of the CH3 CN in the NiII axial positions of 1, prevented close packing of cages observed in the PdII analogue. This led to offset, distant packing arrangements whereby important areas within the cage underwent dramatic structural changes with the exhibition of SCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Min
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexander R Craze
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3Ta, UK
| | - Matthew J Wallis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ryuya Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Taira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Mohan M Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fanna
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry F11, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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18
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Complementarity and Preorganisation in the Assembly of Heterometallic–Organic Cages via the Metalloligand Approach—Recent Advances. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new metallocage polyhedra towards pre-determined structures can offer both practical as well as intellectual challenges. In this mini-review we discuss a selection of recent examples in which the use of the metalloligand approach has been employed to overcome such challenges. An attractive feature of this approach is its stepwise nature that lends itself to the design and rational synthesis of heterometallic metal–organic cages, with the latter often associated with enhanced functionality.
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19
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Zhu J, Chen X, Jin X, Wang Q. Light-driven interconversion of Pd2L4 cage and mononuclear PdL2 mediated by the isomerization of azobenzene ligand. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Wezenberg SJ. Photoswitchable molecular tweezers: isomerization to control substrate binding, and what about vice versa? Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11045-11058. [PMID: 36106956 PMCID: PMC9531670 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The linkage of two identical binding motifs by a molecular photoswitch has proven to be a straightforward and versatile strategy to control substrate binding affinity by light. Stimulus control of binding properties in artificial receptors is partly inspired by the dynamic behavior of proteins and is highly attractive as it could, for example, improve extraction processes and allow (de)activation of membrane transport on demand. This feature article summarizes the development and design principles of molecular tweezers containing a molecular photoswitch as the core unit. Besides the control of binding affinity by isomerization, the effect of substrate binding on the isomerization behavior is discussed where data is available. While the latter often receives less attention, it could be of benefit in the future creation of multi-stimuli-controlled molecular switching and machine-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Qin Y, Xiong J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zeng M. Construction of Photo‐Responsive Pd
2
L
4
‐Type Nanocages based on Feringa's Second‐Generation Motor and Its Guest Binding Ability for C
60. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201821. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Qin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Jingpeng Xiong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Quan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004 P. R. China
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22
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Santamaria-Garcia VJ, Flores-Hernandez DR, Contreras-Torres FF, Cué-Sampedro R, Sánchez-Fernández JA. Advances in the Structural Strategies of the Self-Assembly of Photoresponsive Supramolecular Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7998. [PMID: 35887350 PMCID: PMC9317886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitive supramolecular systems have garnered attention due to their potential to catalyze highly specific tasks through structural changes triggered by a light stimulus. The tunability of their chemical structure and charge transfer properties provides opportunities for designing and developing smart materials for multidisciplinary applications. This review focuses on the approaches reported in the literature for tailoring properties of the photosensitive supramolecular systems, including MOFs, MOPs, and HOFs. We discuss relevant aspects regarding their chemical structure, action mechanisms, design principles, applications, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian J. Santamaria-Garcia
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (D.R.F.-H.); (F.F.C.-T.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Domingo R. Flores-Hernandez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (D.R.F.-H.); (F.F.C.-T.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Flavio F. Contreras-Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (D.R.F.-H.); (F.F.C.-T.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - Rodrigo Cué-Sampedro
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Avenida Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (V.J.S.-G.); (D.R.F.-H.); (F.F.C.-T.); (R.C.-S.)
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Fernández
- Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
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23
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Abstract
Coordination driven self-assembly of achiral components, i.e., hexa-alkylated truxene ligands (L) with bis-metallic complexes (M2), afforded three chiral face-rotating stereoisomer polyhedra (M6L2). By tuning the length of the alkyl chains as well as the distance between both ligands facing each other in the self-assemblies (M6L2), one can control the diastereomeric distribution between the expected homo- and hetero-chiral structures.
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24
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Benchimol E, Nguyen BNT, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Transformation networks of metal-organic cages controlled by chemical stimuli. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5101-5135. [PMID: 35661155 PMCID: PMC9207707 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The flexibility of biomolecules enables them to adapt and transform as a result of signals received from the external environment, expressing different functions in different contexts. In similar fashion, coordination cages can undergo stimuli-triggered transformations owing to the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Different types of stimuli can trigger dynamic reconfiguration of these metal-organic assemblies, to switch on or off desired functionalities. Such adaptable systems are of interest for applications in switchable catalysis, selective molecular recognition or as transformable materials. This review highlights recent advances in the transformation of cages using chemical stimuli, providing a catalogue of reported strategies to transform cages and thus allow the creation of new architectures. Firstly we focus on strategies for transformation through the introduction of new cage components, which trigger reconstitution of the initial set of components. Secondly we summarize conversions triggered by external stimuli such as guests, concentration, solvent or pH, highlighting the adaptation processes that coordination cages can undergo. Finally, systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli are described. Such systems constitute composite chemical networks with the potential for more complex behaviour. We aim to offer new perspectives on how to design transformation networks, in order to shed light on signal-driven transformation processes that lead to the preparation of new functional metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Benchimol
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Bao-Nguyen T Nguyen
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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25
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Transient chirality inversion during racemization of a helical cobalt(III) complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113237119. [PMID: 35259015 PMCID: PMC8931221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113237119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceWe first observed a transient chirality inversion on a simple unimolecular platform during the racemization of a chiral helical complex [LCo3A6]3+, i.e., the helicity changed from P-rich (right-handed) to M-rich (left-handed), which then racemized to a P/M equimolar mixture in spite of the absence of a reagent that could induce the M helix. This transient chirality inversion was observed only in the forward reaction, whereas the reverse reaction showed a simple monotonic change with an induction time. Consequently, the M helicity appeared only in the forward reaction. These forward and reverse reactions constitute a hysteretic cycle. Compounds showing such unique time responses would be useful for developing time-programmable switchable materials that can control the physical/chemical properties in a time-dependent manner.
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26
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Strasser P, Monkowius U, Teasdale I. Main group element and metal-containing polymers as photoresponsive soft materials. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Galangau O, Norel L, Rigaut S. Metal complexes bearing photochromic ligands: photocontrol of functions and processes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17879-17891. [PMID: 34792058 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes associated with photochromic molecules are attractive platforms to achieve smart light-switching materials with innovative and exciting properties due to specific optical, electronic, magnetic or catalytic features of metal complexes and by perturbing the excited-state properties of both components to generate new reactivity and photochemical properties. In this overview, we focus on selected achievements in key domains dealing with optical, redox, magnetic properties, as well as application in catalysis or supramolecular chemistry. We also try to point out scientific challenges that are still faced for future developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Galangau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Lucie Norel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Stéphane Rigaut
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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28
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Dekhtiarenko M, Pascal S, Elhabiri M, Mazan V, Canevet D, Allain M, Carré V, Aubriet F, Voitenko Z, Sallé M, Siri O, Goeb S. Reversible pH-Controlled Catenation of a Benzobisimidazole-Based Tetranuclear Rectangle. Chemistry 2021; 27:15922-15927. [PMID: 34478209 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of methodologies to control on demand and reversibly supramolecular transformations from self-assembled metalla-structures requires the rational design of architectures able to answer to an applied stimulus. While solvent or concentration changes, light exposure or addition of a chemical have been largely explored to provide these transformations, the case of pH sensitive materials is less described. Herein, we report the first example of a pH-triggered dissociation of a coordination-driven self-assembled interlocked molecular link. It incorporates a pH sensitive benzobisimidazole-based ligand that can be selectively protonated on its bisimidazole moieties. This generates intermolecular electrostatic repulsions that reduces drastically the stability of the interlocked structure, leading to its dissociation without any sign of protonation of the pyridine moieties involved in the coordination bonds. Importantly, the dissociation process is reversible through addition of a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Dekhtiarenko
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Simon Pascal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valerie Mazan
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Canevet
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078, Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Marc Sallé
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS UMR 7325, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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29
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Britton E, Ansell RJ, Howard MJ, Hardie MJ. Self-Assembly and Host-Guest Interactions of Pd 3L 2 Metallo-cryptophanes with Photoisomerizable Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12912-12923. [PMID: 34370947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
New photoswitchable pyridyl-azo-phenyl-decorated tripodal host ligands (Laz) that belong to the cyclotriveratrylene family have been synthesized, and their photoswitching behavior and crystal structures determined. The latter includes a remarkable 7-fold Borromean-weave entanglement of π-π stacked layers. Trigonal bipyramidal {[Pd(en)]3(Laz)2}6+ metallo-cryptophanes (en = ethylenediamine) were formed from these and a previously known pyridyl-azo-phenyl-decorated tripodal host ligand. These coordination cages dissociate at low concentrations and are less robust to photoswitching of the Laz ligands than were previously reported Ir(III)-linked metallo-cryptophanes with similar ligands, reflecting the greater lability of the Pd-N bonds. The {[Pd(en)]3(Laz)2}6+ cages all act as hosts, binding octyl sulfate anions, or N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1,8-naphthalimide in a dimethyl sulfoxide solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Britton
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard J Ansell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Mark J Howard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Michaele J Hardie
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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30
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Küng R, Pausch T, Rasch D, Göstl R, Schmidt BM. Mechanochemische Freisetzung nichtkovalent gebundener Gäste aus einem mit Polymerketten dekorierten supramolekularen Käfig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Küng
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
| | - Dustin Rasch
- DWI – Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Düsseldorf Deutschland
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31
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Küng R, Pausch T, Rasch D, Göstl R, Schmidt BM. Mechanochemical Release of Non-Covalently Bound Guests from a Polymer-Decorated Supramolecular Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13626-13630. [PMID: 33729649 PMCID: PMC8251918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination cages show a wide range of useful properties including, but not limited to, complex molecular machine-like operations, confined space catalysis, and rich host-guest chemistries. Here we report the uptake and release of non-covalently encapsulated, pharmaceutically-active cargo from an octahedral Pd cage bearing polymer chains on each vertex. Six poly(ethylene glycol)-decorated bipyridine ligands are used to assemble an octahedral PdII6 (TPT)4 cage. The supramolecular container encapsulates progesterone and ibuprofen within its hydrophobic nanocavity and is activated by shear force produced by ultrasonication in aqueous solution entailing complete cargo release upon rupture, as shown by NMR and GPC analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Küng
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Tobias Pausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dustin Rasch
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstrasse 5052056AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstrasse 5052056AachenGermany
| | - Bernd M. Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare ChemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstrasse 140225DüsseldorfGermany
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32
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Kamebuchi H, Murakami H, Shiga R, Tadokoro M. Preparation of a magnetic metal-organic square and metal-organic cubes using 4,5-bis(2-imidazolinyl)imidazolate: slow magnetization relaxation behavior in mixed-valent octamanganese(ii/iii) clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5452-5464. [PMID: 33908930 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional metal-organic squares (MOSs) and metal-organic cubes (MOCs) are important building units for zeolite-like metal-organic frameworks (ZMOFs), which are required to exhibit solid-state properties, such as dielectric, conductive, and magnetic properties. This work describes the preparation and magnetism of a tetracopper(ii) macrocyclic complex [CuII4(im-H2bizn)4(DMSO)3(THF)](ClO4)4·8DMSO (1) (Him-H2bizn = 4,5-bis(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)imidazole) as a MOS and octametallic clusters [NiII8(im-H2bizn)12](ClO4)4·10MeOH·3H2O (2) and [MnII4MnIII4(im-H2bizn)12](ClO4)8·14MeOH (3) as MOCs. The CuII ion in 1 possesses a five-coordinated square pyramidal geometry, resulting in the formation of an M4L4-type square, which gives an estimated intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction with an exchange coupling constant of JCu-Cu = -95 K. Meanwhile, 2 and 3 present six-coordinated octahedral geometries, giving M8L12-type cubes, of which 2 is a normal paramagnetic compound with intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions, and where JNi-Ni = -32 K. The most notable compound 3 is a MnII4MnIII4 mixed valence state compound, which exhibits a slow magnetization relaxation behavior similar to that of single-molecule magnets. This is attributed to the contribution of magnetic anisotropy caused by the Jahn-Teller effect of the MnIII ions. Utilizing a modified Arrhenius plot to extract the values of the thermal barrier for magnetization reversal (Ea/kB) and the pre-exponential factor (τ0), the parameters for the relaxation behavior were estimated to be Ea/kB = 6.38 K and τ0 = 3.87 × 10-7 s. UV-vis spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements in solution were also carried out. Compound 3 will be expected to lead to a solid-state material in which the magnetic and dielectric properties of encapsulated small molecules cooperate with the slow magnetization relaxation properties of the MOC backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kamebuchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3-25-40, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan.
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33
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Akine S. Control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules by ligand exchange. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4429-4444. [PMID: 33877165 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules that is driven by ligand exchange reactions at the metal centers. Recently, a vast number of metal-containing host molecules including metal-assisted self-assembled structures have been developed, and the structural transformation after construction of the host framework has now been of interest from the viewpoint of functional switching and tuning. Among the various kinds of chemical transformations, ligand exchange has a great advantage in the structural conversions of metal-containing hosts, because ligand exchange usually proceeds under mild conditions that do not affect the host framework. In this review, the structural transformations are classified into three types: (1) weak-link approach, (2) subcomponent substitution, and (3) post-metalation modification, according to the type of coordination motif. The control of their guest binding behavior by the structural transformations is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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34
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Yoshinari N, Konno T. Lithium-, Sodium-, and Potassium-ion Conduction in Polymeric and Discrete Coordination Systems. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0044, Japan
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35
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Juber S, Wingbermühle S, Nuernberger P, Clever GH, Schäfer LV. Thermodynamic driving forces of guest confinement in a photoswitchable cage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7321-7332. [PMID: 33876092 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable cages that confine small guest molecules inside their cavities offer a way to control the binding/unbinding process through irradiation with light of different wavelengths. However, detailed characterization of the structural and thermodynamic consequences of photoswitching is very challenging to achieve by experiments alone. Thus, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to gain insight into the relationship between the structure and binding affinity. Binding free energies of the B12F122- guest were obtained for all photochemically accessible forms of a photoswitchable dithienylethene (DTE) based coordination cage. The MD simulations show that successive photo-induced closure of the four individual DTE ligands that form the cage gradually decreases the binding affinity. Closure of the first ligand significantly lowers the unbinding barrier and the binding free energy, and therefore favours guest unbinding both kinetically and thermodynamically. The analysis of different enthalpy contributions to the free energy shows that binding is enthalpically unfavourable and thus is an entropy-driven process, in agreement with the experimental data. Separating the enthalpy into the contributions from electrostatic, van der Waals, and bonded interactions in the force field shows that the unfavourable binding enthalpy is due to the bonded interactions being more favourable in the dissociated state, suggesting the presence of structural strain in the bound complex. Thus, the simulations provide microscopic explanations for the experimental findings and provide a possible route towards the targeted design of switchable nanocontainers with modified binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Juber
- Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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36
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Regeni I, Chen B, Frank M, Baksi A, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Coal-Tar Dye-based Coordination Cages and Helicates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5673-5678. [PMID: 33245206 PMCID: PMC7986857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to implement four members of the classic coal-tar dye family, Michler's ketone, methylene blue, rhodamine B, and crystal violet, into [Pd2 L4 ] self-assemblies is introduced. Chromophores were incorporated into bis-monodentate ligands using piperazine linkers that allow to retain the auxochromic dialkyl amine functionalities required for intense colors deep in the visible spectrum. Upon palladium coordination, ligands with pyridine donors form lantern-shaped dinuclear cages while quinoline donors lead to strongly twisted [Pd2 L4 ] helicates in solution. In one case, single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed rearrangement to a [Pd3 L6 ] ring structure in the solid state. For nine examined derivatives, showing colors from yellow to deep violet, CD spectroscopy discloses different degrees of chiral induction by an enantiomerically pure guest. Ion mobility mass spectrometry allows to distinguish two binding modes. Self-assemblies based on this new ligand class promise application in chiroptical recognition, photo-redox catalysis and optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Regeni
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Bin Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
- Current Address: State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X)Soochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Marina Frank
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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37
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Li RJ, Tessarolo J, Lee H, Clever GH. Multi-stimuli Control over Assembly and Guest Binding in Metallo-supramolecular Hosts Based on Dithienylethene Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3865-3873. [PMID: 33673736 PMCID: PMC7975281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
It is difficult to
assemble multi-component metallo-supramolecular
architectures in a non-statistical fashion, which limits their development
toward functional materials. Herein, we report a system of interconverting
bowls and cages that are able to respond to various selective stimuli
(light, ligands, anions), based on the self-assembly of a photochromic
dithienylethene (DTE) ligand, La, with PdII cations. By combining the concept of “coordination
sphere engineering”, relying on bulky quinoline donors, with
reversible photoswitching between the ligand’s open (o-La) and closed (c-La) forms, a [Pd2(o-La)4] cage (o-C) and a [Pd2(c-La)3] bowl (c-B) were obtained,
respectively. This structural rearrangement modulates the system’s
guest uptake capabilities. Among three bis-sulfonate guests (G1, G2, and G3), the cage can encapsulate
only the smallest (G1), while the bowl binds all of them.
Bowl c-B was further used to synthesize
a series of heteroleptic cages, [Pd2LA3LB], representing a motif never reported before. Additional
ligands (Lc-f), with short
or long arms, tune the cavity size, thus enabling or preventing guest
uptake. Addition of Br–/Ag+ makes it
possible to change the overall charge, again triggering guest uptake
and release, as well as fourth ligand de-/recomplexation. In combination,
site-selective introduction of functionality and application of external
stimuli lead to an intricate system of hosts with different guest
preferences. A high degree of complexity is achieved through cooperativity
between only a few components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haeri Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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38
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Mishra I, Bhol M, Kalimuthu P, Sathiyendiran M. Emerging Spacers-Based Ligands for Supramolecular Coordination Complexes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:594-614. [PMID: 33615668 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) i. e., discrete cyclic metalloarchitectures such as cycles, cages, mesocates, and helicates with desired size, shape, and properties have been increasing exponentially owing to their potential applications in molecular sensors, molecular cargos, molecular recognition, and catalysis. The introduction of the organic motifs and metal complexes as a spacer provides functionality to the metalloarchitecture. This review mainly focusses on newly evolving spacer based ligands employed to yield simple to high-order metallosupramolecular assemblies using straight-forward approaches. The new spacers including corannulene, organic cyclic framework, bicyclic organic motifs, aliphatic chain, metalloligands, triarylboron, BODIPY, azaphosphatrane, phosphine, and thio/selenophosphates offer a great set of properties and in-built functionalities to the metalloarchitectures which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Mamina Bhol
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Palanisamy Kalimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India
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39
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Regeni I, Chen B, Frank M, Baksi A, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Teerfarben‐basierte Koordinationskäfige und ‐helikate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Regeni
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Bin Chen
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Marina Frank
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Ananya Baksi
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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40
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Villarón D, Siegler MA, Wezenberg SJ. A photoswitchable strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor: highly effective chloride binding and release. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3188-3193. [PMID: 34164086 PMCID: PMC8179391 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A stiff-stilbene strapped calix[4]pyrrole receptor can be reversibly switched by light between a strong chloride-binding Z-isomer and a very weakly binding E-isomer. The light-induced switching process is monitored by UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy and chloride binding is studied in detail using both 1H NMR and ITC titrations in DMSO and MeCN. In DMSO, at millimolar concentrations, switching from a fully bound to an almost fully unbound state can be triggered. Quantification of the binding constants in MeCN reveals an extraordinary 8000-fold affinity difference between the Z- and E-isomer. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis gives insight into the structure of the photogenerated E-isomer and the geometry of the chloride-bound receptors is optimized by DFT calculations. The highly effective control of binding affinity demonstrated in this work opens up new prospects for on demand binding and release in extractions and photocontrol of membrane transport processes, among other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Villarón
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St. Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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41
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Cecot P, Walczak A, Markiewicz G, Stefankiewicz AR. Gating the photoactivity of azobenzene-type ligands trapped within a dynamic system of an M 4L 6 tetrahedral cage, an M 2L 2 metallocycle and mononuclear ML n complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of metal ions by a ligand bearing a azobenzene linker yielded two types of complexes: an [M2L2]4+ metallocycle and an [M4L6]8+ tetrahedral cage, which can be further converted into libraries of mononuclear [M(L′/L′′)n]2+ species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cecot
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Markiewicz
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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42
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Dekhtiarenko M, Allain M, Carré V, Aubriet F, Voitenko Z, Sallé M, Goeb S. Comparing the self-assembly processes of two redox-active exTTF-based regioisomer ligands. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04555e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new exTTF-based ligand was synthesized and its coordination-driven self-assembly behavior with a square planar palladium complex was compared with a previously described regioisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Dekhtiarenko
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Magali Allain
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Vincent Carré
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Frédéric Aubriet
- LCP-A2MC, FR 3624, Université de Lorraine, ICPM, 1 Bd Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Zoia Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13 Volodymyrska st., Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Marc Sallé
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 bd Lavoisier, F-49045 Angers, France
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Quan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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