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Madan V, Albacete‐Albacete L, Jin L, Scaturro P, Watson JL, Muschalik N, Begum F, Boulanger J, Bauer K, Kiebler MA, Derivery E, Bullock SL. HEATR5B associates with dynein-dynactin and promotes motility of AP1-bound endosomal membranes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114473. [PMID: 37872872 PMCID: PMC10690479 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule motor dynein mediates polarised trafficking of a wide variety of organelles, vesicles and macromolecules. These functions are dependent on the dynactin complex, which helps recruit cargoes to dynein's tail and activates motor movement. How the dynein-dynactin complex orchestrates trafficking of diverse cargoes is unclear. Here, we identify HEATR5B, an interactor of the adaptor protein-1 (AP1) clathrin adaptor complex, as a novel player in dynein-dynactin function. HEATR5B was recovered in a biochemical screen for proteins whose association with the dynein tail is augmented by dynactin. We show that HEATR5B binds directly to the dynein tail and dynactin and stimulates motility of AP1-associated endosomal membranes in human cells. We also demonstrate that the Drosophila HEATR5B homologue is an essential gene that selectively promotes dynein-based transport of AP1-bound membranes to the Golgi apparatus. As HEATR5B lacks the coiled-coil architecture typical of dynein adaptors, our data point to a non-canonical process orchestrating motor function on a specific cargo. We additionally show that HEATR5B promotes association of AP1 with endosomal membranes independently of dynein. Thus, HEATR5B co-ordinates multiple events in AP1-based trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Madan
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
AbcamCambridgeUK
| | - Lucas Albacete‐Albacete
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Li Jin
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | | | - Joseph L Watson
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Farida Begum
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Karl Bauer
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Medical FacultyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Medical FacultyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
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2
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Sun F, Zhang R, Li T, Zhang L, Chen X, Liang Y, Chen L, Zou S, Dong H. Fusarium graminearum GGA protein is critical for fungal development, virulence and ascospore discharge through its involvement in vesicular trafficking. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6290-6306. [PMID: 36335568 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is a conserved material transport process in eukaryotic cells. The GGA family proteins are clathrin adaptors that are involved in eukaryotic vesicle transport, but their functions in phytopathogenic filamentous fungi remain unexplored. Here, we examined the only GGA family protein in Fusarium graminearum, FgGga1, which localizes to both the late Golgi and endosomes. In the absence of FgGga1, the fungal mutant exhibited defects in vegetative growth, DON biosynthesis, ascospore discharge and virulence. Fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that FgGga1 is associated with trans-Golgi network (TGN)-to-plasma membrane, endosome-to-TGN and endosome-to-vacuole transport. Mutational analysis on the five domains of FgGga1 showed that the VHS domain was required for endosome-to-TGN transport while the GAT167-248 and the hinge domains were required for both endosome-to-TGN and endosome-to-vacuole transport. Importantly, the deletion of the FgGga1 domains that are required in vesicular trafficking also inhibited vegetative growth and virulence of F. graminearum. In addition, FgGga1 interacted with the ascospore discharge regulator Ca2+ ATPase FgNeo1, whose transport to the vacuole is dependent on FgGga1-mediated endosome-to-vacuole transport. Our results suggest that FgGga1 is required for fungal development and virulence via FgGga1-mediated vesicular trafficking, and FgGga1-mediated endosome-to-vacuole transport facilitates ascospore discharge in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuancun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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3
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Hida T, Kamiya T, Kawakami A, Ogino J, Sohma H, Uhara H, Jimbow K. Elucidation of Melanogenesis Cascade for Identifying Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach of Pigmentary Disorders and Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176129. [PMID: 32854423 PMCID: PMC7503925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the biological and biochemical process of melanin and melanosome biosynthesis. Melanin is formed by enzymic reactions of tyrosinase family proteins that convert tyrosine to form brown-black eumelanin and yellow-red pheomelanin within melanosomal compartments in melanocytes, following the cascades of events interacting with a series of autocrine and paracrine signals. Fully melanized melanosomes are delivered to keratinocytes of the skin and hair. The symbiotic relation of a melanocyte and an associated pool of keratinocytes is called epidermal melanin unit (EMU). Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays a vital role in melanocyte development and differentiation. MITF regulates expression of numerous pigmentation genes for promoting melanocyte differentiation, as well as fundamental genes for maintaining cell homeostasis. Diseases involving alterations of EMU show various forms of pigmentation phenotypes. This review introduces four major topics of melanogenesis cascade that include (1) melanocyte development and differentiation, (2) melanogenesis and intracellular trafficking for melanosome biosynthesis, (3) melanin pigmentation and pigment-type switching, and (4) development of a novel therapeutic approach for malignant melanoma by elucidation of melanogenesis cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Takafumi Kamiya
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
| | - Jiro Ogino
- Department of Pathology, JR Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo 060-0033, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8543, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.H.); (T.K.); (H.U.)
| | - Kowichi Jimbow
- Institute of Dermatology & Cutaneous Sciences, Sapporo 060-0042, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-887-8266
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4
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Uemura T, Waguri S. Emerging roles of Golgi/endosome-localizing monomeric clathrin adaptors GGAs. Anat Sci Int 2019; 95:12-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-019-00505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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5
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Tojima T, Suda Y, Ishii M, Kurokawa K, Nakano A. Spatiotemporal dissection of the trans-Golgi network in budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.231159. [PMID: 31289195 PMCID: PMC6703704 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network (TGN) acts as a sorting hub for membrane traffic. It receives newly synthesized and recycled proteins, and sorts and delivers them to specific targets such as the plasma membrane, endosomes and lysosomes/vacuoles. Accumulating evidence suggests that the TGN is generated from the trans-most cisterna of the Golgi by maturation, but the detailed transition processes remain obscure. Here, we examine spatiotemporal assembly dynamics of various Golgi/TGN-resident proteins in budding yeast by high-speed and high-resolution spinning-disk confocal microscopy. The Golgi–TGN transition gradually proceeds via at least three successive stages: the ‘Golgi stage’ where glycosylation occurs; the ‘early TGN stage’, which receives retrograde traffic; and the ‘late TGN stage’, where transport carriers are produced. During the stage transition periods, earlier and later markers are often compartmentalized within a cisterna. Furthermore, for the late TGN stage, various types of coat/adaptor proteins exhibit distinct assembly patterns. Taken together, our findings characterize the identity of the TGN as a membrane compartment that is structurally and functionally distinguishable from the Golgi. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: The TGN displays two sub-stages of maturation: ‘early TGN’, when retrograde traffic is received, and ‘late TGN’, when transport carriers are produced. At the late TGN, various coat/adaptor proteins exhibit distinct assembly dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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6
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UEMURA T, SAWADA N, SAKABA T, KAMETAKA S, YAMAMOTO M, WAGURI S. Intracellular localization of GGA accessory protein p56 in cell lines and central nervous system neurons . Biomed Res 2018; 39:179-187. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi UEMURA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki SAWADA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takao SAKABA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi KAMETAKA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaya YAMAMOTO
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi WAGURI
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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7
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BBS1 is involved in retrograde trafficking of ciliary GPCRs in the context of the BBSome complex. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195005. [PMID: 29590217 PMCID: PMC5874067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein trafficking within cilia is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery composed of large protein complexes. The BBSome consists of eight BBS proteins encoded by causative genes of Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), and has been implicated in the trafficking of ciliary membrane proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), by connecting the IFT machinery to cargo GPCRs. Membrane recruitment of the BBSome to promote cargo trafficking has been proposed to be regulated by the Arf-like small GTPase ARL6/BBS3, through its interaction with the BBS1 subunit of the BBSome. We here investigated how the BBSome core subcomplex composed of BBS1, BBS2, BBS7, and BBS9 assembles and interacts with ARL6, and found that the ARL6-BBS1 interaction is reinforced by BBS9. BBS1-knockout (KO) cells showed defects in the ciliary entry of other BBSome subunits and ARL6, and in ciliary retrograde trafficking and the export of the GPCRs, Smoothened and GPR161. The trafficking defect of these GPCRs was rescued by the exogenous expression of wild-type BBS1, but not by its mutant lacking BBS9-binding ability. Our data thus indicate that the intact BBSome is required for retrograde trafficking of GPCRs out of cilia.
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8
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GGA2 interacts with EGFR cytoplasmic domain to stabilize the receptor expression and promote cell growth. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1368. [PMID: 29358589 PMCID: PMC5778047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and its downregulation upon ligand binding have been extensively documented. However, the mechanisms by which cells maintain steady-state EGFR expression remain poorly understood. Here, we report a novel role of Golgi-localized, γ-adaptin ear-containing, ADP ribosylation factor-binding protein 2 (GGA2) in the control of EGFR turnover. Whereas GGA1- or GGA3-depletion increased EGFR expression, GGA2-depletion by RNAi greatly reduced steady-state expression of EGFR, reflecting enhanced lysosomal degradation of EGFR. Subsequent pull-down assays showed interactions of VHS-GAT domains from three GGAs with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region (jxt) of EGFR, which was dependent on N108 in the VHS domain. Proximity ligation assay also revealed the steady-state interaction between GGA2 and EGFR in situ. Moreover, reduced expression of EGFR in GGA2-depleted cells was reversed by additional depletion of GGA1 or GGA3, suggesting that GGA1 and GGA3 promote EGFR degradation. In addition, GGA2-depleted cells had reduced EGF signaling and cell proliferation in cell culture and xenograft experiments. Finally, GGA2 was upregulated in 30.8% of human hepatocellular carcinomas and 23.3% of colorectal cancers. Together, these results indicate that GGA2 supports cell growth by interacting with EGFR for sustaining the receptor expression.
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9
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Teh OK, Hatsugai N, Tamura K, Fuji K, Tabata R, Yamaguchi K, Shingenobu S, Yamada M, Hasebe M, Sawa S, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. BEACH-domain proteins act together in a cascade to mediate vacuolar protein trafficking and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:389-98. [PMID: 25618824 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking to the protein storage vacuole (PSV) is a specialized process in seed plants. However, this trafficking mechanism to PSV is poorly understood. Here, we show that three types of Beige and Chediak-Higashi (BEACH)-domain proteins contribute to both vacuolar protein transport and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We screened a green fluorescent seed (GFS) library of Arabidopsis mutants with defects in vesicle trafficking and isolated two allelic mutants gfs3 and gfs12 with a defect in seed protein transport to PSV. The gene responsible for the mutant phenotype was found to encode a putative protein belonging to group D of BEACH-domain proteins, which possess kinase domains. Disruption of other BEACH-encoding loci in the gfs12 mutant showed that BEACH homologs acted in a cascading manner for PSV trafficking. The epistatic genetic interactions observed among BEACH homologs were also found in the ETI responses of the gfs12 and gfs12 bchb-1 mutants, which showed elevated avirulent bacterial growth. The GFS12 kinase domain interacted specifically with the pleckstrin homology domain of BchC1. These results suggest that a cascade of multiple BEACH-domain proteins contributes to vacuolar protein transport and plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ooi-kock Teh
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatsugai
- Research Centre for Cooperative Projects, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fuji
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Tabata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shingenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamada
- Department of Biology and IGSP Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Vesicle coats: structure, function, and general principles of assembly. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:279-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Lowery J, Szul T, Styers M, Holloway Z, Oorschot V, Klumperman J, Sztul E. The Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 regulates membrane recruitment of BIG1 and BIG2 guanine nucleotide exchange factors to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11532-45. [PMID: 23386609 PMCID: PMC3630886 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.438481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) to facilitate coating of transport vesicles within the secretory and endosomal pathways. GBF1 recruits COPI to pre-Golgi and Golgi compartments, whereas BIG1 and BIG2 recruit AP1 and GGA clathrin adaptors to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes. Here, we report a functional cascade between these GEFs by showing that GBF1-activated ARFs (ARF4 and ARF5, but not ARF3) facilitate BIG1 and BIG2 recruitment to the TGN. We localize GBF1 ultrastructurally to the pre-Golgi, the Golgi, and also the TGN. Our findings suggest a model in which GBF1 localized within pre-Golgi and Golgi compartments mediates ARF activation to facilitate recruitment of COPI to membranes, whereas GBF1 localized at the TGN mediates ARF activation that leads to the recruitment of BIG1 and BIG2 to the TGN. Membrane-associated BIG1/2 then activates ARFs that recruit clathrin adaptors. In this cascade, an early acting GEF (GBF1) activates ARFs that mediate recruitment of late acting GEFs (BIG1/2) to coordinate coating events within the pre-Golgi/Golgi/TGN continuum. Such coordination may optimize the efficiency and/or selectivity of cargo trafficking through the compartments of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lowery
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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12
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Shin HW, Takatsu H, Nakayama K. Mechanisms of membrane curvature generation in membrane traffic. MEMBRANES 2012; 2:118-33. [PMID: 24957965 PMCID: PMC4021884 DOI: 10.3390/membranes2010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the vesicular trafficking process, cellular membranes undergo dynamic morphological changes, in particular at the vesicle generation and fusion steps. Changes in membrane shape are regulated by small GTPases, coat proteins and other accessory proteins, such as BAR domain-containing proteins. In addition, membrane deformation entails changes in the lipid composition as well as asymmetric distribution of lipids over the two leaflets of the membrane bilayer. Given that P4-ATPases, which catalyze unidirectional flipping of lipid molecules from the exoplasmic to the cytoplasmic leaflets of the bilayer, are crucial for the trafficking of proteins in the secretory and endocytic pathways, changes in the lipid composition are involved in the vesicular trafficking process. Membrane remodeling is under complex regulation that involves the composition and distribution of lipids as well as assembly of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Shin
- Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takatsu
- Career-Path Promotion Unit for Young Life Scientists, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Ohashi Y, Iijima H, Yamaotsu N, Yamazaki K, Sato S, Okamura M, Sugimoto K, Dan S, Hirono S, Yamori T. AMF-26, a novel inhibitor of the Golgi system, targeting ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) with potential for cancer therapy. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:3885-97. [PMID: 22158626 PMCID: PMC3281721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.316125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) plays a major role in mediating vesicular transport. Brefeldin A (BFA), a known inhibitor of the Arf1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) interaction, is highly cytotoxic. Therefore, interaction of Arf1 with ArfGEF is an attractive target for cancer treatment. However, BFA and its derivatives have not progressed beyond the pre-clinical stage of drug development because of their poor bioavailability. Here, we aimed to identify novel inhibitors of the Arf1-ArfGEF interaction that display potent antitumor activity in vivo but with a chemical structure distinct from that of BFA. We exploited a panel of 39 cell lines (termed JFCR39) coupled with a drug sensitivity data base and COMPARE algorithm, resulting in the identification of a possible novel Arf1-ArfGEF inhibitor AMF-26, which differed structurally from BFA. By using a pulldown assay with GGA3-conjugated beads, we demonstrated that AMF-26 inhibited Arf1 activation. Subsequently, AMF-26 induced Golgi disruption, apoptosis, and cell growth inhibition. Computer modeling/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation suggested that AMF-26 bound to the contact surface of the Arf1-Sec7 domain where BFA bound. AMF-26 affected membrane traffic, including the cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi networks, and the endosomal systems. Furthermore, using AMF-26 and its derivatives, we demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between cell growth inhibition and Golgi disruption. In addition, orally administrated AMF-26 (83 mg/kg of body weight; 5 days) induced complete regression of human breast cancer BSY-1 xenografts in vivo, suggesting that AMF-26 is a novel anticancer drug candidate that inhibits the Golgi system, targeting Arf1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- the School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan, and
| | - Noriyuki Yamaotsu
- the School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan, and
| | | | - Shigeo Sato
- Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Sugimoto
- the Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology, Division of Applied Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Dan
- From the Division of Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Shuichi Hirono
- the School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan, and
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14
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Carter C. Alzheimer's Disease: APP, Gamma Secretase, APOE, CLU, CR1, PICALM, ABCA7, BIN1, CD2AP, CD33, EPHA1, and MS4A2, and Their Relationships with Herpes Simplex, C. Pneumoniae, Other Suspect Pathogens, and the Immune System. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:501862. [PMID: 22254144 PMCID: PMC3255168 DOI: 10.4061/2011/501862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease susceptibility genes, APP and gamma-secretase, are involved in the herpes simplex life cycle, and that of other suspect pathogens (C. pneumoniae, H. pylori, C. neoformans, B. burgdorferri, P. gingivalis) or immune defence. Such pathogens promote beta-amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation and may thus be causative agents, whose effects are conditioned by genes. The antimicrobial effects of beta-amyloid, the localisation of APP/gamma-secretase in immunocompetent dendritic cells, and gamma secretase cleavage of numerous pathogen receptors suggest that this network is concerned with pathogen disposal, effects which may be abrogated by the presence of beta-amyloid autoantibodies in the elderly. These autoantibodies, as well as those to nerve growth factor and tau, also observed in Alzheimer's disease, may well be antibodies to pathogens, due to homology between human autoantigens and pathogen proteins. NGF or tau antibodies promote beta-amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, or cholinergic neuronal loss, and, with other autoantibodies, such as anti-ATPase, are potential agents of destruction, whose formation is dictated by sequence homology between pathogen and human proteins, and thus by pathogen strain and human genes. Pathogen elimination in the ageing population and removal of culpable autoantibodies might reduce the incidence and offer hope for a cure in this affliction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carter
- PolygenicPathways, Flat 2, 40 Baldslow Road, Hastings, East Sussex TN34 2EY, UK
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15
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 interacts with a diverse array of eukaryotic proteins involved in transcription, signaling, and cytoskeleton organization. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4382-91. [PMID: 21859857 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05608-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular bacterium that exhibits tropism for mononuclear phagocytes and survives by evading host cell defense mechanisms. Recently, molecular interactions between E. chaffeensis 47-kDa tandem repeat (TR) protein (TRP47) and the eukaryotic host cell have been described. In this investigation, yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that E. chaffeensis-secreted tandem repeat protein 120 (TRP120) interacts with a diverse group of host cell proteins associated with major biological processes, including transcription and regulation, cell signaling, protein trafficking, and actin cytoskeleton organization. Twelve target proteins with the highest frequency of interaction with TRP120 were confirmed by cotransformation in yeast. Host targets, including human immunoglobulin lambda locus (IGL), cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2), Golgi-associated gamma adaptin ear-containing ARF binding protein 1 (GGA1), polycomb group ring finger 5 (PCGF5), actin gamma 1 (ACTG1), and unc-13 homolog D (UNC13D; Caenorhabditis elegans), colocalized strongly with TRP120 in HeLa cells and with E. chaffeensis dense-cored morulae and areas adjacent to morulae in the host cytoplasm. The TR domain of TRP120 interacted only with PCGF5, indicating that distinct TRP120 domains contribute to specific host target interactions and that multiple domains are required to reconstitute TRP120 interactions with other host targets. Three previously defined molecular interactions between TRP47 and host proteins, PCGF5, IGLL1, and CAP1, were also associated with TRP120, demonstrating that molecular cross talk occurs between Ehrlichia TRPs and host targets. These findings further support the role of TRPs as effectors that reprogram the host cell.
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Abstract
Assembly and release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles is mediated by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor. Gag is synthesized in the cytosol and rapidly translocates to membrane to orchestrate particle production. The cell biology of HIV-1 Gag trafficking is currently one of the least understood aspects of HIV-1 replication. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the cellular machinery involved in Gag trafficking and virus assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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17
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Murmu RP, Martin E, Rastetter A, Esteves T, Muriel MP, El Hachimi KH, Denora PS, Dauphin A, Fernandez JC, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Darios F, Stevanin G. Cellular distribution and subcellular localization of spatacsin and spastizin, two proteins involved in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2011; 47:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Goodsell DS. Miniseries: Illustrating the machinery of life: Eukaryotic cell panorama. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 39:91-101. [PMID: 21445900 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Diverse biological data may be used to create illustrations of molecules in their cellular context. This report describes the scientific results that support an illustration of a eukaryotic cell, enlarged by one million times to show the distribution and arrangement of macromolecules. The panoramic cross section includes eight panels that extend from the nucleus to the cell surface, showing the process of protein synthesis and export. Results from biochemistry, electron microscopy, NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography were used to create the image.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goodsell
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92102, USA.
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19
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Boal F, Stephens DJ. Specific functions of BIG1 and BIG2 in endomembrane organization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9898. [PMID: 20360857 PMCID: PMC2845624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transport of molecules from one subcellular compartment to another involves the recruitment of cytosolic coat protein complexes to a donor membrane to concentrate cargo, deform the membrane and ultimately to form an independent carrier. Small-GTP-binding proteins of the Arf family are central to many membrane trafficking events. Arfs are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which results in their recruitment to membranes and subsequent engagement with Arf-effectors, many of which are coat proteins. Among the human BFA-sensitive large Arf-GEFs, the function of the two closely related BIG1 and BIG2 is still not clear, and recent studies have raised the question of functional redundancy between the two proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we have used small-interfering RNA on human cells and a combination of fixed and live-cell imaging to investigate the differential functions of BIG1 and BIG2 in endomembrane organization and function. Importantly, in this direct comparative study, we show discrete functions for BIG1 and BIG2. Our results show that depletion of BIG2 but not of BIG1 induces a tubulation of the recycling endosomal compartment, consistent with a specific role for BIG2 here. In contrast, suppression of BIG1 induces the formation of Golgi mini-stacks still polarized and functional in terms of cargo export. Conclusions A key finding from our work is that suppression of BIG1 expression results in a fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. Our data indicate that the human BFA-sensitive large Arf-GEFs have non-redundant functions in cell organization and membrane trafficking. BIG1 is required to maintain the normal morphology of the Golgi; BIG2 is important for endosomal compartment integrity and cannot replace the function of BIG1 in Golgi organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Boal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology Laboratories, University of Bristol School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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20
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Kino T, Chrousos GP. Tumor-associated, estrogen receptor-related antigen EBAG9: linking intracellular vesicle trafficking, immune homeostasis, and malignancy. Mol Interv 2010; 9:294-8. [PMID: 20048134 DOI: 10.1124/mi.9.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshige Kino
- Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bui QT, Golinelli-Cohen MP, Jackson CL. Large Arf1 guanine nucleotide exchange factors: evolution, domain structure, and roles in membrane trafficking and human disease. Mol Genet Genomics 2009; 282:329-50. [PMID: 19669794 PMCID: PMC7088145 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-009-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Sec7 domain ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are found in all eukaryotes, and are involved in membrane remodeling processes throughout the cell. This review is focused on members of the GBF/Gea and BIG/Sec7 subfamilies of Arf GEFs, all of which use the class I Arf proteins (Arf1-3) as substrates, and play a fundamental role in trafficking in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)—Golgi and endosomal membrane systems. Members of the GBF/Gea and BIG/Sec7 subfamilies are large proteins on the order of 200 kDa, and they possess multiple homology domains. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that both of these subfamilies of Arf GEFs have members in at least five out of the six eukaryotic supergroups, and hence were likely present very early in eukaryotic evolution. The homology domains of the large Arf1 GEFs play important functional roles, and are involved in interactions with numerous protein partners. The large Arf1 GEFs have been implicated in several human diseases. They are crucial host factors for the replication of several viral pathogens, including poliovirus, coxsackievirus, mouse hepatitis coronavirus, and hepatitis C virus. Mutations in the BIG2 Arf1 GEF have been linked to autosomal recessive periventricular heterotopia, a disorder of neuronal migration that leads to severe malformation of the cerebral cortex. Understanding the roles of the Arf1 GEFs in membrane dynamics is crucial to a full understanding of trafficking in the secretory and endosomal pathways, which in turn will provide essential insights into human diseases that arise from misregulation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Trang Bui
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Bat 34, CNRS, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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22
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D'Angelo G, Vicinanza M, Di Campli A, De Matteis MA. The multiple roles of PtdIns(4)P -- not just the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P2. J Cell Sci 2009; 121:1955-63. [PMID: 18525025 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.023630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositides (PIs) are membrane phospholipids that actively operate at membrane-cytosol interfaces through the recruitment of a number of effector proteins. In this context, each of the seven different PI species represents a topological determinant that can establish the nature and the function of the membrane where it is located. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) is the most abundant of the monophosphorylated inositol phospholipids in mammalian cells, and it is produced by D-4 phosphorylation of the inositol ring of PtdIns. PtdIns(4)P can be further phosphorylated to PtdIns(4,5)P(2) by PtdIns(4)P 5-kinases and, indeed, PtdIns(4)P has for many years been considered to be just the precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P(2). Over the last decade, however, a large body of evidence has accumulated that shows that PtdIns(4)P is, in its own right, a direct regulator of important cell functions. The subcellular localisation of the PtdIns(4)P effectors initially led to the assumption that the bulk of this lipid is present in the membranes of the Golgi complex. However, the existence and physiological relevance of ;non-Golgi pools' of PtdIns(4)P have now begun to be addressed. The aim of this Commentary is to describe our present knowledge of PtdIns(4)P metabolism and the molecular machineries that are directly regulated by PtdIns(4)P within and outside of the Golgi complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Angelo
- Laboratory of Secretion Physiopathology, Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
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23
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Park JJ, Loh YP. How peptide hormone vesicles are transported to the secretion site for exocytosis. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2583-95. [PMID: 18669645 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Golgi transport of peptide hormone-containing vesicles from the site of genesis at the trans-Golgi network to the release site at the plasma membrane is essential for activity-dependent hormone secretion to mediate various endocrinological functions. It is known that these vesicles are transported on microtubules to the proximity of the release site, and they are then loaded onto an actin/myosin system for distal transport through the actin cortex to just below the plasma membrane. The vesicles are then tethered to the plasma membrane, and a subpopulation of them are docked and primed to become the readily releasable pool. Cytoplasmic tails of vesicular transmembrane proteins, as well as many cytosolic proteins including adaptor proteins, motor proteins, and guanosine triphosphatases, are involved in vesicle budding, the anchoring of the vesicles, and the facilitation of movement along the transport systems. In addition, a set of cytosolic proteins is also necessary for tethering/docking of the vesicles to the plasma membrane. Many of these proteins have been identified from different types of (neuro)endocrine cells. Here, we summarize the proteins known to be involved in the mechanisms of sorting various cargo proteins into regulated secretory pathway hormone-containing vesicles, movement of these vesicles along microtubules and actin filaments, and their eventual tethering/docking to the plasma membrane for hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Park
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Leishmania adaptor protein-1 subunits are required for normal lysosome traffic, flagellum biogenesis, lipid homeostasis, and adaptation to temperatures encountered in the mammalian host. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:1256-67. [PMID: 18515754 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00090-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaptor protein-1 (AP-1) complex is involved in membrane transport between the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. In the protozoan parasite Leishmania mexicana mexicana, the AP-1 mu1 and sigma1 subunits are not required for growth at 27 degrees C but are essential for infectivity in the mammalian host. In this study, we have investigated the function of these AP-1 subunits in order to understand the molecular basis for this loss of virulence. The mu1 and sigma1 subunits were localized to late Golgi and endosome membranes of the major parasite stages. Parasite mutants lacking either AP-1 subunit lacked obvious defects in Golgi structure, endocytosis, or exocytic transport. However, these mutants displayed reduced rates of endosome-to-lysosome transport and accumulated fragmented, sterol-rich lysosomes. Defects in flagellum biogenesis were also evident in nondividing promastigote stages, and this phenotype was exacerbated by inhibitors of sterol and sphingolipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, both AP-1 mutants were hypersensitive to elevated temperature and perturbations in membrane lipid composition. The pleiotropic requirements for AP-1 in membrane trafficking and temperature stress responses explain the loss of virulence of these mutants in the mammalian host.
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25
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Ishizaki R, Shin HW, Mitsuhashi H, Nakayama K. Redundant roles of BIG2 and BIG1, guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factors in membrane traffic between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:2650-60. [PMID: 18417613 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-10-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BIG2 and BIG1 are closely related guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and are involved in the regulation of membrane traffic through activating ARFs and recruiting coat protein complexes, such as the COPI complex and the AP-1 clathrin adaptor complex. Although both ARF-GEFs are associated mainly with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and BIG2 is also associated with recycling endosomes, it is unclear whether BIG2 and BIG1 share some roles in membrane traffic. We here show that knockdown of both BIG2 and BIG1 by RNAi causes mislocalization of a subset of proteins associated with the TGN and recycling endosomes and blocks retrograde transport of furin from late endosomes to the TGN. Similar mislocalization and protein transport block, including furin, were observed in cells depleted of AP-1. Taken together with previous reports, these observations indicate that BIG2 and BIG1 play redundant roles in trafficking between the TGN and endosomes that involves the AP-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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26
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Yanagida-Ishizaki Y, Takei T, Ishizaki R, Imakagura H, Takahashi S, Shin HW, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Recruitment of Tom1L1/Srcasm to endosomes and the midbody by Tsg101. Cell Struct Funct 2008; 33:91-100. [PMID: 18367816 DOI: 10.1247/csf.07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tom1 (target of Myb 1) and its related proteins (Tom1L1/Srcasm and Tom1L2) constitute a protein family, which share an N-terminal VHS (Vps27, Hrs and STAM) domain and a following GAT (GGA and Tom1) domain. Tom1L1 has potential binding sequences for Tsg101, which is one of key regulators of the multivesicular body (MVB) formation. To obtain a clue to the role of Tom1L1 in the MVB formation, we have characterized the Tom1L1-Tsg101 interaction. We have found that not only the PTAP sequence in the GAT domain but also the PSAP sequence in the C-terminal region of Tom1L1 is responsible for its interaction with the UEV domain of Tsg101 and competes with the HIV-1 Gag protein for the Tsg101 interaction. Furthermore, we show that, by means of Tsg101, Tom1L1 associates with the midbody during cytokinesis as well as endosomes. Taken into account the topological equivalency among the events of the MVB formation, viral egress from the cell, and cytokinesis, the data obtained here suggest that Tom1L1 is implicated in these three distinct cellular processes.
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Chidambaram S, Zimmermann J, von Mollard GF. ENTH domain proteins are cargo adaptors for multiple SNARE proteins at the TGN endosome. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:329-38. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.012708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ENTH and ANTH domain proteins are involved in budding of clathrin-coated vesicles. SNAREs are fusogenic proteins that function in the targeting and fusion of transport vesicles. In mammalian and yeast cells, ENTH domain proteins (epsinR and Ent3p) interact with SNAREs of the vti1 family (Vti1b or Vti1p). This interaction indicates that ENTH proteins could function in cargo sorting, which prompted us to search for additional SNAREs as potential cargo for Ent3p and epsinR. We carried out specific yeast two-hybrid assays, which identified interactions between epsinR and the mammalian late endosomal SNAREs syntaxin 7 and syntaxin 8 as well as between Ent3p and the endosomal SNAREs Pep12p and Syn8p from yeast. Lack of Ent3p affected the trafficking of Pep12p. Ent3p binding to Pep12p required the FSD late endosomal sorting signal in Pep12p. Inactivation of the sorting signal had a similar effect to removal of Ent3p on Pep12p stability indicating that Ent3p acts as a cargo adaptor for Pep12p by binding to the sorting signal. As Vti1p, Pep12p and Syn8p participate in a SNARE complex whereas Vti1b, syntaxin 7 and syntaxin 8 are mammalian SNARE partners, we propose that ENTH domain proteins at the TGN-endosome are cargo adaptors for these endosomal SNAREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbulakshmi Chidambaram
- Biochemie III, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätstrasse 25, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jana Zimmermann
- Biochemie III, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätstrasse 25, Universität Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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28
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Eimer S, Gottschalk A, Hengartner M, Horvitz HR, Richmond J, Schafer WR, Bessereau JL. Regulation of nicotinic receptor trafficking by the transmembrane Golgi protein UNC-50. EMBO J 2007; 26:4313-23. [PMID: 17853888 PMCID: PMC2034668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). After assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), AChRs must be transported to the plasma membrane through the secretory apparatus. Little is known about specific molecules that mediate this transport. Here we identify a gene that is required for subtype-specific trafficking of assembled nicotinic AChRs in Caenorhabditis elegans. unc-50 encodes an evolutionarily conserved integral membrane protein that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. In the absence of UNC-50, a subset of AChRs present in body-wall muscle are sorted to the lysosomal system and degraded. However, the trafficking of a second AChR type and of GABA ionotropic receptors expressed in the same muscle cells is not affected in unc-50 mutants. These results suggest that, in addition to ER quality control, assembled AChRs are sorted within the Golgi system by a mechanism that controls the amount of cell-surface AChRs in a subtype-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Eimer
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Biology Department, Paris, France
- INSERM, U789, Biologie cellulaire de la synapse, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hengartner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Janet Richmond
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William R Schafer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Biology Department, Paris, France
- INSERM, U789, Biologie cellulaire de la synapse, Paris, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, INSERM, U789, Biologie cellulaire de la synapse, 46 Rue d'Ulm, Paris 75005, France. Tel.: +33 1 44 32 23 05; Fax: +33 1 44 32 36 54; E-mail:
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Li C, Hao M, Cao Z, Ding W, Graves-Deal R, Hu J, Piston DW, Coffey RJ. Naked2 acts as a cargo recognition and targeting protein to ensure proper delivery and fusion of TGF-alpha containing exocytic vesicles at the lower lateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3081-93. [PMID: 17553928 PMCID: PMC1949375 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is the major autocrine EGF receptor ligand in vivo. In polarized epithelial cells, proTGF-alpha is synthesized and then delivered to the basolateral cell surface. We previously reported that Naked2 interacts with basolateral sorting determinants in the cytoplasmic tail of a Golgi-processed form of TGF-alpha and that TGF-alpha is not detected at the basolateral surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells expressing myristoylation-deficient (G2A) Naked2. By high-resolution microscopy, we now show that wild-type, but not G2A, Naked2-associated vesicles fuse at the plasma membrane. We further demonstrate that Naked2-associated vesicles are delivered to the lower lateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells independent of mu1B adaptin. We identify a basolateral targeting segment within Naked2; residues 1-173 redirect NHERF-1 from the apical cytoplasm to the basolateral membrane, and internal deletion of residues 37-104 results in apical mislocalization of Naked2 and TGF-alpha. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of Naked2 leads to a dramatic reduction in the 16-kDa cell surface isoform of TGF-alpha and increased cytosolic TGF-alpha immunoreactivity. We propose that Naked2 acts as a cargo recognition and targeting (CaRT) protein to ensure proper delivery, tethering, and fusion of TGF-alpha-containing vesicles to a distinct region at the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxi Li
- Departments of *Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Mingming Hao
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Zheng Cao
- Departments of *Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - Wei Ding
- Departments of *Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | | | - Jianyong Hu
- Departments of *Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and
| | - David W. Piston
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Departments of *Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2279
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Inoue M, Shiba T, Ihara K, Yamada Y, Hirano S, Kamikubo H, Kataoka M, Kawasaki M, Kato R, Nakayama K, Wakatsuki S. Molecular Basis for Autoregulatory Interaction Between GAE Domain and Hinge Region of GGA1. Traffic 2007; 8:904-13. [PMID: 17506864 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ADP ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) proteins and the adaptor protein (AP) complex, AP-1, are involved in membrane traffic between the trans Golgi network and the endosomes. The gamma-adaptin ear (GAE) domain of GGAs and the gamma1 ear domain of AP-1 interact with an acidic phenylalanine motif found in accessory proteins. The GAE domain of GGA1 (GGA1-GAE) interacts with a WNSF-containing peptide derived from its own hinge region, although the peptide sequence deviates from the standard acidic phenylalanine motif. We report here the structure of GGA1-GAE in complex with the GGA1 hinge peptide, which revealed that the two aromatic side chains of the WNSF sequence fit into a hydrophobic groove formed by aliphatic portions of the side chains of conserved arginine and lysine residues of GGA1-GAE, in a similar manner to the interaction between GGA-GAEs and acidic phenylalanine sequences from the accessory proteins. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicate that the GGA1 hinge region binds to GGA1-GAE and competes with accessory proteins for binding. Taken together with the previous observation that gamma1 ear binds to the GGA1 hinge region, the interaction between the hinge region and the GAE domain underlies the autoregulation of GGA function in clathrin-mediated trafficking through competing with the accessory proteins and the AP-1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Inoue
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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31
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Zhang F, Yim YI, Scarselletta S, Norton M, Eisenberg E, Greene LE. Clathrin Adaptor GGA1 Polymerizes Clathrin into Tubules. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:13282-9. [PMID: 17344219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700936200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GGAs, a class of monomeric clathrin adaptors, are involved in the sorting of cargo at the trans-Golgi network of eukaryotic cells. They are modular structures consisting of the VHS, the GAT, hinge, and GAE domains, which have been shown to interact directly with cargo, ARF, clathrin, and accessory proteins, respectively. Previous studies have shown that GGAs interact with clathrin both in solution and in the cell, but it has yet been shown whether they assemble clathrin. We find that GGA1 promoted assembly of clathrin with complete assembly achieved when one GGA1 molecule is bound per heavy chain. In the presence of excess GGA1, we obtained the unusual stoichiometry of five GGA1s per heavy chain, and even at this stoichiometry the binding was not saturated. The assembled structures were mostly baskets, but approximately 10% of the structures were tubular with an average length of 180 +/- 40 nm and width of approximately 50 nm. The truncated GGA1 fragment consisting of the hinge+GAE domains bound to clathrin with similar affinity as the full-length molecule and polymerized clathrin into baskets. Unlike the full-length molecule, this fragment saturated the lattices at one molecule per heavy chain and assembled clathrin only into baskets. The separated hinge and GAE domains bound much weaker to clathrin than the intact molecule, and these domains do not significantly polymerize clathrin into baskets. We conclude that clathrin adaptor GGA1 is a clathrin assembly protein, but it is unique in its ability to polymerize clathrin into tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0301, USA
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32
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Yogosawa S, Kawasaki M, Wakatsuki S, Kominami E, Shiba Y, Nakayama K, Kohsaka S, Akazawa C. Monoubiquitylation of GGA3 by hVPS18 regulates its ubiquitin-binding ability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:82-90. [PMID: 16996030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GGAs (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-binding proteins), constitute a family of monomeric adaptor proteins and are associated with protein trafficking from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes. Here, we show that GGA3 is monoubiquitylated by a RING-H2 type-ubiquitin ligase hVPS18 (human homologue of vacuolar protein sorting 18). By in vitro ubiquitylation assays, we have identified lysine 258 in the GAT domain as a major ubiquitylation site that resides adjacent to the ubiquitin-binding site. The ubiquitylation is abolished by a mutation in either the GAT domain or ubiquitin that disrupts the GAT-ubiquitin interaction, indicating that the ubiquitin binding is a prerequisite for the ubiquitylation. Furthermore, the GAT domain ubiquitylated by hVPS18 no longer binds to ubiquitin, indicating that ubiquitylation negatively regulates the ubiquitin-binding ability of the GAT domain. These results suggest that the ubiquitin binding and ubiquitylation of GGA3-GAT domain are mutually inseparable through a ubiquitin ligase activity of hVPS18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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33
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) is a GTP-binding protein that regulates membrane traffic. This function of Arf1 is, at least in part, mediated by Arf1 x GTP binding to coat proteins such as coatomer, clathrin adaptor protein (AP) complexes 1 and 3, and gamma-adaptin homology-Golgi associated Arf-binding (GGA) proteins. Binding to Arf1 x GTP recruits these coat proteins to membranes, leading to the formation of transport vesicles. Whereas coatomer and the AP complexes are hetero-oligomers, GGAs are single polypeptide chains. Therefore, working with recombinant GGAs is straightforward compared to the other Arf1 effectors. Consequently, the GGAs have been used as a model for studying Arf1 interactions with effectors and as reagents to determine Arf1 x GTP levels in cells. In this chapter, we describe in vitro assays for analysis of GGA interaction with Arf1 x GTP and for determining intracellular Arf1 x GTP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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34
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Abstract
Small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) family regulate membrane traffic and dynamics in eukaryotic cells. GGAs (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology domain, Arf-binding proteins) are a family of monomeric clathrin adaptor proteins that were originally identified as proteins interacting with Arfs and found to associate mainly with membranes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Like other adaptor and coat proteins, membrane association of GGAs is regulated by Arfs in a GTP-dependent manner. Together with or independent of the adaptor protein complex AP-1, GGAs mediate sorting of transmembrane proteins, including mannose 6-phosphate receptors, between the TGN and endosomes by clathrin-coated vesicles. This chapter describes methods to examine the interaction between Arfs and GGAs and to analyze the cellular function of GGAs regulated by Arfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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35
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Katoh Y, Imakagura H, Futatsumori M, Nakayama K. Recruitment of clathrin onto endosomes by the Tom1–Tollip complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:143-9. [PMID: 16412388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tom1 (target of Myb 1) and its related proteins (Tom1L1/Srcasm and Tom1L2) constitute a protein family and share an N-terminal VHS (Vps27p/Hrs/Stam) domain and a following GAT (GGA and Tom1) domain, both of which are also conserved in the GGA family proteins. However, the C-terminal half is not significantly conserved between the Tom1 and GGA families or even between Tom1 and Tom1L1. We have previously shown that the GAT domain of Tom1 interacts with Tollip (Toll-interacting protein), which is associated with endosomes, to which it recruits Tom1. We here extend the previous data and show that the GAT domains of Tom1L1 and Tom1L2 also interact with Tollip, and the C-terminal regions of all the Tom1 family proteins interact with clathrin. Furthermore, when coexpressed with Tollip, all the Tom1 family proteins recruite clathrin onto endosomes. These results indicate that, in conjunction with Tollip, Tom1 family proteins play an important role in recruiting clathrin onto endosomes and suggest that they modulate endosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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36
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Kawasaki M, Nakayama K, Wakatsuki S. Membrane recruitment of effector proteins by Arf and Rab GTPases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2005; 15:681-9. [PMID: 16289847 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2005.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In their GTP-bound form, Arf and Rab family GTPases associate with distinct organelle membranes, to which they recruit specific sets of effector proteins that regulate vesicular transport. The Arf GTPases are involved in the formation of coated carrier vesicles by recruiting coat proteins. On the other hand, the Rab GTPases are involved in the tethering, docking and fusion of transport vesicles with target organelles, acting in concert with the tethering and fusion machineries. Recent structural studies of the Arf1-GGA and Rab5-Rabaptin-5 complexes, as well as other effector structures in complex with the Arf and Rab GTPases, have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the GTP-dependent membrane recruitment of these effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawasaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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37
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Torii S, Saito N, Kawano A, Zhao S, Izumi T, Takeuchi T. Cytoplasmic Transport Signal is Involved in Phogrin Targeting and Localization to Secretory Granules. Traffic 2005; 6:1213-24. [PMID: 16262730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2005.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phogrin is an integral glycoprotein primarily expressed in neuroendocrine cells. The predominant localization of phogrin is on dense-core secretory granules, and the lumenal domain has been shown to be involved in its efficient sorting to the regulated secretory pathway. Here, we present data showing that a leucine-based sorting signal [EExxxIL] within the cytoplasmic tail contributes its steady-state localization to secretory granules. Deletion mutants in the tail region failed to represent granular distribution in pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN6, and anterior pituitary cell line, AtT-20. A sorting signal mutant with two glutamic acids substituted into alanines (EE/AA) is primarily accumulated in the Golgi area instead of secretory granules, and another mutant (IL/AA) is trapped at the plasma membrane due to a defect in endocytosis. We further demonstrate that the leucine-based sorting signal of phogrin specifically interacts with both adaptor protein (AP)-1 and AP-2 clathrin adaptor complexes in vitro. These observations, along with previous studies, suggest that distinct domains of phogrin mediate proper localization of this transmembrane protein on secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Torii
- Laboratory of Secretion Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
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38
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Kawasaki M, Shiba T, Shiba Y, Yamaguchi Y, Matsugaki N, Igarashi N, Suzuki M, Kato R, Kato K, Nakayama K, Wakatsuki S. Molecular mechanism of ubiquitin recognition by GGA3 GAT domain. Genes Cells 2005; 10:639-54. [PMID: 15966896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GGA (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ARF-binding) proteins, which constitute a family of clathrin coat adaptor proteins, have recently been shown to be involved in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting of receptors, through the interaction between the C-terminal three-helix-bundle of the GAT (GGA and Tom1) domain (C-GAT) and ubiquitin. We report here the crystal structure of human GGA3 C-GAT in complex with ubiquitin. A hydrophobic patch on C-GAT helices alpha1 and alpha2 forms a binding site for the hydrophobic Ile44 surface of ubiquitin. Two distinct orientations of ubiquitin Arg42 determine the shape and the charge distribution of ubiquitin Ile44 surface, leading to two different binding modes. Biochemical and NMR data strongly suggest another hydrophobic binding site on C-GAT helices alpha2 and alpha3, opposite to the first binding site, also binds ubiquitin although weakly. The double-sided ubiquitin binding provides the GAT domain with higher efficiency in recognizing ubiquitinated receptors for lysosomal receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kawasaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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39
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Dennes A, Cromme C, Suresh K, Kumar NS, Eble JA, Hahnenkamp A, Pohlmann R. The Novel Drosophila Lysosomal Enzyme Receptor Protein Mediates Lysosomal Sorting in Mammalian Cells and Binds Mammalian and Drosophila GGA Adaptors. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:12849-57. [PMID: 15664992 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410626200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenesis of lysosomes depends in mammalian cells on the specific recognition and targeting of mannose 6-phosphate-containing lysosomal enzymes by two mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPR46, MPR300), key components of the extensively studied receptor-mediated lysosomal sorting system in complex metazoans. In contrast, the biogenesis of lysosomes is poorly investigated in the less complex metazoan Drosophila melanogaster. We identified the novel type I transmembrane protein lysosomal enzyme receptor protein (LERP) with partial homology to the mammalian MPR300 encoded by Drosophila gene CG31072. LERP contains 5 lumenal repeats that share homology to the 15 lumenal repeats found in all identified MPR300. Four of the repeats display the P-lectin type pattern of conserved cysteine residues. However, the arginine residues identified to be essential for mannose 6-phosphate binding are not conserved. The recombinant LERP protein was expressed in mammalian cells and displayed an intracellular localization pattern similar to the mammalian MPR300. The LERP cytoplasmic domain shows highly conserved interactions with Drosophila and mammalian GGA adaptors known to mediate Golgi-endosome traffic of MPRs and other transmembrane cargo. Moreover, LERP rescues missorting of soluble lysosomal enzymes in MPR-deficient cells, giving strong evidence for a function that is equivalent to the mammalian counterpart. However, unlike the mammalian MPRs, LERP did not bind to the multimeric mannose 6-phosphate ligand phosphomannan. Thus ligand recognition by LERP does not depend on mannose 6-phosphate but may depend on a common feature present in mammalian lysosomal enzymes. Our data establish a potential important role for LERP in biogenesis of Drosophila lysosomes and suggest a GGA function also in the receptor-mediated lysosomal transport system in the fruit fly.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arginine/chemistry
- Cathepsin D/chemistry
- Cathepsin L
- Cathepsins/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography
- Conserved Sequence
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism
- Glycosylation
- Immunoprecipitation
- Lectins/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lysosomes/metabolism
- Mannans/chemistry
- Mannosephosphates/metabolism
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding
- Protein Sorting Signals
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 2
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dennes
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Universitaets-Klinikum-Muenster, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
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40
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Zhu G, Zhai P, Wakeham N, He X, Zhang XC. Analysis of the Interaction between GGA1 GAT Domain and Rabaptin‐5. Methods Enzymol 2005; 403:583-92. [PMID: 16473621 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)03050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
GGAs are a family of adaptor proteins involved in vesicular transport. As an effector of the small GTPase Arf, GGA interacts using its GAT domain with the GTP-bound form of Arf. The GAT domain is also found to interact with ubiquitin and rabaptin-5. Rabaptin-5 is, in turn, an effector of another small GTPase, Rab5, which regulates early endosome fusion. The interaction between GGAs and rabaptin-5 is likely to take place in a pathway between the trans-Golgi network and early endosomes. This chapter describes in vitro biochemical characterization of the interaction between the GGA1 GAT domain and rabaptin-5. Combining with the complex crystal structure, we reveal that the binding mode is helix bundle-to-helix bundle in nature.
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41
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Kzhyshkowska J, Gratchev A, Martens JH, Pervushina O, Mamidi S, Johansson S, Schledzewski K, Hansen B, He X, Tang J, Nakayama K, Goerdt S. Stabilin-1 localizes to endosomes and the trans-Golgi network in human macrophages and interacts with GGA adaptors. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:1151-61. [PMID: 15345724 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0504300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilin-1 and stabilin-2 constitute a novel family of fasciclin domain-containing hyaluronan receptor homologues recently described by us. Whereas stabilin-1 is expressed in sinusoidal endothelial cells and in macrophages in vivo, stabilin-2 is absent from the latter. In the present study, we analyzed the subcellular distribution of stabilin-1 in primary human macrophages. Using flow cytometry, expression of stabilin-1 was demonstrated on the surface of interleukin-4/dexamethasone-stimulated macrophages (MPhi2). By immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we established that stabilin-1 is preferentially localized in early endosome antigen-1-positive early/sorting endosomes and in recycling endosomes identified by transferrin endocytosis. Association of stabilin-1 was infrequently seen with p62 lck ligand-positive late endosomes and with CD63-positive lysosomes but not in lysosome-associated membrane protein-1-positive lysosomes. Stabilin-1 was also found in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) but not in Golgi stack structures. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay revealed that the cytoplasmic tail of stabilin-1 but not stabilin-2 binds to recently discovered Golgi-localized, gamma-ear-containing, adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribosylation factor-binding (GGA) adaptors GGA1, GGA2, and GGA3 long, mediating traffic between Golgi and endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Stabilin-1 did not bind to GGA3 short, which lacks a part of the Vps27p/Hrs/STAM domain. Deletion of DDSLL and LL amino acid motifs resulted in decreased binding of stabilin-1 with GGAs. A small portion of stabilin-1 colocalized with GGA2 and GGA3 in the TGN in MPhi2. Treatment with brefeldin A resulted in accumulation of stabilin-1 in the TGN. Our results suggest that stabilin-1 is involved in the GGA-mediated sorting processes at the interface of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways; similarly to other GGA-interacting proteins, stabilin-1 may thus function in endocytic and secretory processes of human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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42
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Katoh Y, Shiba Y, Mitsuhashi H, Yanagida Y, Takatsu H, Nakayama K. Tollip and Tom1 form a complex and recruit ubiquitin-conjugated proteins onto early endosomes. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:24435-43. [PMID: 15047686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400059200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tom1 (target of Myb1) is a protein of unknown function. Tom1 and its relative Tom1L1 have an N-terminal VHS (Vps27p/Hrs/Stam) domain followed by a GAT (GGA and Tom1) domain, both of which are also found in the GGA (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear domain homology, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein) family of proteins. Although the VHS and GAT domains of GGA proteins bind to transmembrane cargo proteins and the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor, respectively, the VHS and GAT domains of Tom1 are unable to interact with these proteins. In this study, we show that the GAT domains of Tom1 and Tom1L1 interact with ubiquitin and Tollip (Toll-interacting protein). Ubiquitin bound the GAT domains of Tom1, Tom1L1, and GGA proteins, whereas Tollip interacted specifically with Tom1 and Tom1L1. Ubiquitin and Tollip bound to an overlapping region of the Tom1-GAT domain in a mutually exclusive manner. Tom1 was predominantly cytosolic when expressed in cells. On the other hand, Tollip was localized on early endosomes and recruited Tom1 and ubiquitinated proteins. These observations suggest that Tollip and Tom1 form a complex and regulate endosomal trafficking of ubiquitinated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Katoh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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43
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Ohno H. Membrane Traffic in the Post-Golgi Network: Toward A Better Understanding of the Higher Order Functioning Systems. Cell Struct Funct 2003; 28:395-7. [PMID: 14745132 DOI: 10.1247/csf.28.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohno
- Division of Molecular Membrane Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan.
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