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Wang J, Xie K, Wang Q, Li W, Fu H. Isolation and characterization of ent-pimarane diterpenoids from Sigesbeckia pubescens. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1510-1517. [PMID: 31502473 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1656627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Five new ent-pimarane diterpenoids ent-16-nor-2-oxopimar-8(14)-ene-15,19-dial (1), ent-16-nor-2α,19-dihydroxypimar-8-en-15-al (2), 3-O-acetyldarutigenol (3), 19-O-acetylkirenol (4), ent-16-nor-3β,15-dihydroxypimar-8(14)-ene (5) were isolated and characterized from the ethanol extract of Sigesbeckia pubescens. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of C-15 in compounds 3 and 4 was assigned using Snatzke's method. All these compounds were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential by measuring the inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and compound 4 showed significantly inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 5.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Wang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan (Southern China), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Macau Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Tseng HC, Tsai PM, Chou YH, Lee YC, Lin HH, Chen JH. In Vitro and In Vivo Protective Effects of Flavonoid-Enriched Lotus Seedpod Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:153-176. [PMID: 30612458 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in the acceleration of hepatic inflammation. Natural medicinal plants that can prevent inflammation by targeting LPS have potential therapeutic clinical application. The aim of the study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of lotus seedpod extract (LSE), used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hemostasis function and for eliminating bruise, on the LPS-induced hepatic inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, LSE and its purified compound (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability in LPS-stimulated human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Molecular studies showed the anti-LPS effect of HLP or EGC might be mediated via downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4. (TLR4)-mediated both NF- κ B and p38 signaling, as demonstrated by the usage of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF- κ B inhibitor. In vivo, LPS-induced hepatic inflammation was significantly ameliorated in LSE-fed mice as gauged by dose-dependent inhibition of serum levels of biochemical markers of liver damage, the changes of hepatic lobular architecture and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as induction of anti-oxidant enzymes. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of EGC-enriched LSE as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells and mice, and these findings may open interesting perspectives to the strategy in treatment for hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chun Tseng
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,† Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Tsai
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,§ Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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Wang W, Wu L, Li Q, Zhang Z, Xu L, Lin C, Gao L, Zhao K, Liang F, Zhang Q, Zhou M, Jiang W. Madecassoside prevents acute liver failure in LPS/D-GalN-induced mice by inhibiting p38/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1137-1145. [PMID: 29715757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Madecassoside (MA), a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Centella asiatica, exerts various pharmacological activities including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of MA in the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver failure(ALF) in mice. We hypothesized that MA administration may decrease the degree of liver injury caused by LPS/D-GalN. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis by treating a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury with MA. Our study demonstrated that MA (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) treatment for 10 days attenuated LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by protecting liver function, suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and recovering antioxidant enzyme activity. MA also significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and eukaryotic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, MA treatment enhanced protein levels of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) through the upregulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in LPS-stimulated liver injury. These results suggest that MA is a promising agent for the treatment of LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury that could serve as a candidate for the development of a hepatoprotective drug against ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qing Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Liba Xu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Caixia Lin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kaili Zhao
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weizhe Jiang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Cheng P, Wang T, Li W, Muhammad I, Wang H, Sun X, Yang Y, Li J, Xiao T, Zhang X. Baicalin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Inflammation in Chicken by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:547. [PMID: 28868036 PMCID: PMC5563358 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of potent stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has the ability to cause cell damage by activating toll-like receptor(TLR)4, then nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) translocates into the nucleus and changes the expression of related inflammatory genes. Baicalin is extracted from Radix Scutellariae, which possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, the effects of it on LPS-induced liver inflammation have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Baicalin on the LPS-induced liver inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in chicken. The results of histopathological changes, serum biochemical analysis, NO levels and myeloperoxidase activity showed that Baicalin pretreatment ameliorated LPS-induced liver inflammation. ELISA and qPCR assays showed that Baicalin dose-dependently suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly decreased by Baicalin. TLR4 is an important sensor in LPS infection. Molecular studies showed that the expression of TLR4 was inhibited by Baicalin pretreatment. In addition, Baicalin pretreatment inhibited NF-kB signaling pathway activation. All results demonstrated the protective effects of Baicalin pretreatment against LPS-induced liver inflammation in chicken via negative regulation of inflammatory mediators through the down-regulation of TLR4 expression and the inhibition of NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Tianshi Xiao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
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Yoo SR, Jeong SJ, Lee NR, Shin HK, Seo CS. Quantification Analysis and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 20-Hydroxyecdysone, Momordin Ic, and Oleanolic Acid from the Fructus of Kochia scoparia. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:339-344. [PMID: 28839354 PMCID: PMC5551347 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.211023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fructus of Kochia scoparia Schrader (Chenopodiaceae) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used for treating gonorrhea and dermatitis. Objective: We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of three marker compounds, including 20-hydroxyecdysone, momordin Ic, and oleanolic acid, from the fructus of K. scoparia. Materials and Methods: The simultaneous analysis of three components was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the nine marker compounds by determining their anti-inflammatory activities in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Results: Among three marker compounds, momordin Ic, but not 20-hydroxyecdysone and oleanolic acid, had inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. The effects of three marker compounds on prostaglandin E2(PGE2) were also evaluated. All three compounds significantly reduced PGE2 production in LPS-treated cells. Conclusions: We suggest that momordin Ic is the most potent phytochemical of the fructus of K. scoparia as an anti-inflammatory agent. SUMMARY Simultaneous analysis of three phenylpropanoids in the Kochia scoparia was established using HPLC-PDA system The momordin Ic had inhibitory effects on production of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophages The momordin Ic, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and oleanolic acid significantly reduced PGE2 production in LPS-treated cells.
Abbreviations used: HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL-6: Interleukin-6; PGE2: Pro-inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Rom Yoo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Jeong
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Na-Ri Lee
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Han HY, Lee HE, Kim HJ, Jeong SH, Kim JH, Kim H, Ryu MH. Kochia scoparia induces apoptosis of oral cancer cells in vitro and in heterotopic tumors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:431-441. [PMID: 27616033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kochia scoparia grows commonly in China, Japan, and Korea and its mature fruit has been used throughout the area in traditional medicine to treat diseases including skin problems and inflammatory and allergic disease. More importantly, Kochia scoparia has been prescribed to treat the malignant tumor of head and neck region and breast mass. Although it has been proposed as an anti-cancer agent for several cancers, its exact in vivo anti-cancer properties and the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of the methanol extract of K. scoparia, mature fruit (MEKS) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore its mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction by MEKS, MTT assays, cell analysis, ANNEXIN V and PI double staining, and Hoechst 33342 staining were performed. The activation of caspases and the MAP kinase p38 was evaluated using Western blot analysis. The anti-cancer properties of MEKS in vivo were elucidated in a heterotopic OSCC animal model. RESULTS After OSCC cells were treated with MEKS, the numbers of sub-G1 accumulated cells and apoptotic bodies increased, indicating that MEKS inhibited OSCC cell proliferation selectively through induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis of MEKS-treated OSCC cells was induced in a dose-dependent manner by caspase-3 and -9 activation. In addition, pretreatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 in combination with MEKS significantly prevented MEKS-induced apoptosis in OSCC cells and also decreased cleaved capase 3, 9, and cleaved PARP activity in western blotting. MEKS treatment significantly increased the apoptosis of OSCC and inhibited tumour growth in our animal model. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicated that MEKS induced apoptosis of OSCC cells through caspase activation involving the p38 MAPK pathway. MEKS could be a promising anti-cancer candidate for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Haeng-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Research Institute for Oral Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 Plus Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, BK21 Plus project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, BK21 Plus project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, South Korea.
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Trapa japonica Pericarp Extract Reduces LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages and Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:392. [PMID: 27007369 PMCID: PMC6273097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we found that chloroform fraction (CF) from TJP ethanolic extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular ROS in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes was reduced, as evidenced by western blot. Our results indicate that CF exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through inhibition of MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) and NF-κB signaling. Similarly we also evaluated the effects of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury. Male Balb/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or CF 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. Eight hours after LPS administration, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The results indicated that CF inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that CF attenuated LPS-induced lung histopathologic changes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the protective effect of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice might relate to the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses in lung tissue. Thus, it can be suggested that CF might be a potential therapeutic agent for ALI.
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Jo S, Ryu J, Han HY, Lee G, Ryu MH, Kim H. Anti-inflammatory activity of Kochia scoparia fruit on contact dermatitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1695-700. [PMID: 26707133 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mature fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. is widely administered in China and Korea as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study investigated the effects of methanol extracts of K. scoparia dried fruit (MEKS) on ear swelling, histopathological changes (such as epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration) and cytokine production in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis mice. Topical application of MEKS inhibited DNFB-induced ear thickness and weight increases, as well as DNFB-induced epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration. In addition, treatment with MEKS significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues. These data indicate that the mature fruit of K. scoparia has the potential to be administered for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and that the anti-inflammatory action of K. scoparia is involved in the inhibition of type 1 T helper cell skewing reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 565-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
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Shie PH, Huang SS, Deng JS, Huang GJ. Spiranthes sinensis Suppresses Production of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators by Down-Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Up-Regulating HO-1/Nrf2 Anti-Oxidant Protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spiranthes sinensis is an east Asian wild orchid used in Chinese folk medicine. In this study, an ethyl acetate fraction from S. sinensis(SSE) was found to suppress the production of LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice. SSE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumo necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SSE also significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated protein levels of iNOS and mPGES-1 by blocking IκB phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and MAPKs phosphorylation. In addition, SSE treatment also enhanced protein levels of HO-1 and anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD-1, CAT, and GPx-1) through the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, we demonstrated that SSE attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), ALT, and AST in the serum of LPS-stimulated BALB/c mice. Western blotting revealed that SSE enhanced HO-1 expression in lung and liver tissue after LPS injection in mice. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of SSE involve the suppression of iNOS, mPGES-1, and inflammatory mediators by inducing the HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Shie
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang J, Yuan L, Cheng B, Li W, Xiao C, Wang Y, Liu X. Antioxidant capacity and antitumor activity of Fructus Kochiae extracts. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2012.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - L. Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - B. Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - W. Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - C. Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - Y. Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
| | - X. Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3, Yangling, 0086-712100 Shaanxi, China P.R
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11
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Han HY, Kim H, Son YH, Lee G, Jeong SH, Ryu MH. Anti-cancer effects of Kochia scoparia fruit in human breast cancer cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S661-7. [PMID: 25298688 PMCID: PMC4189286 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.139812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The fruit of Kochia scoparia Scharder is widely used as a medicinal ingredient for the treatment of dysuria and skin diseases in China, Japan and Korea. Especially, K. scoparia had been used for breast masses and chest and flank pain. Objective: To investigate the anti-cancer effect of K. scoparia on breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We investigated the anti-cancer effects of K. scoparia, methanol extract (MEKS) in vitro. We examined the effects of MEKS on the proliferation rate, cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of apoptosis-associated proteins in MDA-MB-231, human breast cancer cells. Results: MTT assay results demonstrated that MEKS decreased the proliferation rates of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 36.2 μg/ml. MEKS at 25 μg/ml significantly increased the sub-G1 DNA contents of MDA-MB-231 cells to 44.7%, versus untreated cells. In addition, MEKS induced apoptosis by increasing the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins such as cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 8, cleaved caspase 9 and cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Conclusion: These results suggest that MEKS inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells and that MEKS may have potential chemotherapeutic value for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Hae Son
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Jeong
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, Gyeongnam, Korea
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12
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Ye M, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li Z, Wang Y, Hu R. Oroxylin A exerts anti-inflammatory activity on lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse macrophage via Nrf2/ARE activation. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:337-48. [PMID: 25247252 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating inflammation could be an important measure for the effective treatment of cancer. Here we examine the mechanisms by which oroxylin A inhibits inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with oroxylin A (50, 100, and 150 μmol/L) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS. In addition, oroxylin A significantly increased the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), induced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus and up-regulated antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity. Moreover, oroxylin A inhibited Nrf2 ubiquitination and proteasome activity. Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA knocked down Nrf2 expression and partially reversed oroxylin A-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression. Importantly, we showed for the first time that Nrf2 plays an important role in oroxylin A-suppressed inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Uncovering the effect of oroxylin A on the regulation of Nrf2 signaling may be beneficial for developing new therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Jiangsu 210009, China
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Choi YY, Kim MH, Lee JY, Hong J, Kim SH, Yang WM. Topical application of Kochia scoparia inhibits the development of contact dermatitis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:380-385. [PMID: 24751363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) has been reported to have anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-pruritic actions. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of externally applied Kochia scoparia water extract (KSW) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact dermatitis mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS To develop atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, 100μL of 1% DNCB in acetone/olive oil (4:1) had been applied for three days on shaved dorsal skin. 1% KSW was topically applied to DNCB-induced mice. After KSW treatment, histological analysis was measured by hematoxylin eosin staining. The cytokine and pro-inflammatory expressions were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. RESULTS Histological studies showed that hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis in the KSW treated group was markedly decreased as compared with the DNCB group. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA were significantly reduced by topical application of KSW, whereas these cytokines were increased in DNCB-induced dorsal skin. In addition, NF-κB expression was inhibited by KSW treatment in DNCB-induced mice. Similarly, KSW treatment significantly suppressed the expression of several MAP kinases, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK compared to their expression in DNCB-induced mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that KSW ameliorates contact dermatitis via inhibition of the production of several inflammatory mediators. Therefore, external application of KSW may be used for the treatment of contact dermatitis as an alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yeon Choi
- College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Ye Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- College of Korean Medicine and Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
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Guo D, Li JR, Wang Y, Lei LS, Yu CL, Chen NN. Cyclovirobuxinum D suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine macrophages in vitro by blocking JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:770-8. [PMID: 24747164 PMCID: PMC4086391 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cyclovirobuxinum D (CVB-D), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Buxus microphylla, has been found to be effective to treat cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CVB-D on the inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells were incubated in the presence of LPS (0.1 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The release of NO and cytokines were detected using the Griess test and ELISA, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Reporter gene assays were used to analyze the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. RESULTS Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CVB-D (25-300 μmol/L) did not affect the cell viability. Pretreatment with CVB-D (50, 100 and 200 μmol/L) concentration-dependently decreased NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells (its IC50 value in inhibition of NO production was 144 μmol/L). CVB-D also concentration-dependently inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, CVB-D remarkably inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, as well as JAK2 in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, but did not affect the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Pretreatment with the JAK2 specific inhibitor AG490 (30 μmol/L) produced similar effects on NO release and iNOS expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSION CVB-D exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages in vitro at least in part by blocking the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory actions of CVB-D may contribute to its cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guo
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing-rong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lin-sheng Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuan-lin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Na-na Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Toffoli-Kadri MC, Carollo CA, Lourenço LD, Felipe JL, Néspoli JHB, Wollf LGC, Resende GMS, de Lima JR, Franco VNP, Vieira MDC, de Siqueira JM. In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:461-468. [PMID: 24632016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyrocline alata is a locally marketed (Mato Grosso do Sul/ Brazil) herb used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory and a sedative. Evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Achyrocline alata in both in vivo and in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hydroethanolic extract from inflorescences of Achyrocline alata (HEAa) was characterized by HPLC-DAD and compared to standards (chlorogenic acid; isoquercetrin; quercetin; 4,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone; gnaphalin; 3-O-methyl-quercetin; 3,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoyl-quinic acid). The in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the HEAa (4, 20 and 100 mg/kg, per os) were evaluated using the following animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats, carrageenan-induced vascular permeability and peritonitis in mice and an acetic acid-induced writhing model to test antihyperalgesic activity in mice. In vitro assays were performed to study the effects of the HEAa (0.16, 0.8 and 4 mg/ml) on the cell viability, cell spreading and production of NO and H2O2 in stimulated macrophages. RESULTS The A. alata extract inhibited the development of edema and vascular permeability, reduced polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in the acute peritonitis assay and decreased the amount of writhing induced by acetic acid. The HEAa did not increase NO/H2O2 production, while it did inhibit production when the macrophages were stimulated by LPS or PMA at all tested concentrations. In the presence of HEAa, macrophage spreading did not increase even after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, the HEAa was nontoxic to macrophages at all tested concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The HEAa displayed anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects, which supports the use of this plant in folk medicine. These effects might be due to the flavonoids and phenylpropanoids derivatives present in the HEAa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Dias Lourenço
- Laboratório de Biofisiofarmacologia, UFMS,CP 549, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, CP 322, 79825-070, Dourados-MS, Brazil
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Chien PS, Tseng YF, Hsu YC, Lai YK, Weng SF. Frequency and pattern of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009: analysis of the national health insurance database. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:209. [PMID: 23947955 PMCID: PMC3751558 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Large-scale pharmaco-epidemiological studies of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for treatment of urticaria are few, even though clinical trials showed some CHM are effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions for urticaria by analysing the population-based CHM database in Taiwan. Methods This study was linked to and processed through the complete traditional CHM database of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during 2009. We calculated the frequencies and patterns of CHM prescriptions used for treatment of urticaria, of which the diagnosis was defined as the single ICD-9 Code of 708. Frequent itemset mining, as applied to data mining, was used to analyse co-prescription of CHM for patients with urticaria. Results There were 37,386 subjects who visited traditional Chinese Medicine clinics for urticaria in Taiwan during 2009 and received a total of 95,765 CHM prescriptions. Subjects between 18 and 35 years of age comprised the largest number of those treated (32.76%). In addition, women used CHM for urticaria more frequently than men (female:male = 1.94:1). There was an average of 5.54 items prescribed in the form of either individual Chinese herbs or a formula in a single CHM prescription for urticaria. Bai-Xian-Pi (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz) was the most commonly prescribed single Chinese herb while Xiao-Feng San was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula. The most commonly prescribed CHM drug combination was Xiao-Feng San plus Bai-Xian-Pi while the most commonly prescribed triple drug combination was Xiao-Feng San, Bai-Xian-Pi, and Di-Fu Zi (Kochia scoparia). Conclusions In view of the popularity of CHM such as Xiao-Feng San prescribed for the wind-heat pattern of urticaria in this study, a large-scale, randomized clinical trial is warranted to research their efficacy and safety.
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Xu YH, Huang H, Zhang N, Kong DY, Hua ML. Studies on the flavone glycosides from Fructus Kochiae. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 16:141-147. [PMID: 23919635 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.824427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of flavone glycosides were isolated from Fructus Kochiae for the first time, including two new flavone glycosides. The structures were established by interpretation of their spectroscopic data. Two new flavone glycosides are quercetin 3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and quercetin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-d-sophoroside (2). The others are quercetin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), and quercetin 7-O-β-d-sophoroside (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hui Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of New Drug & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , 200040 , China
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18
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Yang XW, Wang N, Li W, Xu W, Wu S. Biotransformation of 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester by human intestinal flora and evaluation on their inhibition of NO production and antioxidant activity of the products. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:297-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tseng CH, Cheng CM, Tzeng CC, Peng SI, Yang CL, Chen YL. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluations of β-lapachone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:523-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rajaganapathy BR, Thirugnanam K, Shanmuganathan MV, Singaravelu A, Subadhra LB. Molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory potential of a diarylheptanoid in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2013.36061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang YB, Li W, Yang XW. Biotransformation of columbianadin by rat hepatic microsomes and inhibition of biotransformation products on NO production in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 81:109-116. [PMID: 22784551 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Columbianadin (CBN, 1), 1-[(8S)-8,9-dihydro-2-oxo-2H-furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-8-yl]-1-methylethyl-[(2Z)-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid]ester is a coumarin-type compound and one of the main bioactive constituents of the underground part of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan. Although numerous investigations have been undertaken to study the biological activities of CBN, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, calcium-channel blocking, and platelet aggregation inhibiting functions, little attention has been paid to its metabolism and/or biotransformation. Biotransformation of CBN by rat liver microsomes in vitro was studied, and thirteen biotransformation products including eight hitherto unknown compounds [columbianadiratimetins A-H (3-10)] and five known compounds [columbianadin oxide (2), (+)-2,3-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-benzofurancarboxaldehyde (11), oroselol (12), columbianetin (13), and vaginol (14)] were produced by liver microsomes from rats pre-treated with sodium phenobarbital. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses which included IR, UV, EIMS, HRESIMS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR, respectively. The inhibition of CBN and its main biotransformation products on nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide was assayed in RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM to evaluate the biological significance of biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs (Peking University), Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Zhao B, Yang XB, Yang XW, Liu JX. Biotransformation of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin by human intestinal flora and its inhibition on NO production and DPPH free radical. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:886-896. [PMID: 22917273 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.702756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
prim-O-Glucosylcimifugin (PGCN), a highest content chromone in the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata, was incubated with human intestinal flora (HIF), and two biotransformation products were obtained from the incubated solution by chromatographic methods. The chemical structures of the two biotransformation products were elucidated as cimifugin (CN) and 5-O-methylvisamminol (MVL), respectively, on the basis of NMR and MS data. The biotransformation product CN was formed through a deglucosylation of PGCN by β-glucosidase secreted from the HIF, and then the hydroxymethyl group of CN was reduced to lead to occurrence of MVL. All of these compounds were evaluated for their effect on the inhibition of nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity in cell-free bioassay system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Lee MY, Shin IS, Lim HS, Seo CS, Ha H, Shin HK. Kochia scoparia fruit attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 23:938-46. [PMID: 22122306 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.627392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kochia scoparia fruit has been used in Asia for a long time. It possesses anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antipruritic actions. We investigated the role of a K. scoparia fruit ethanolic extract (KSEE) in allergic airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, elevations in cytokine, chemokine, and immunoglobulin levels, and upregulation of MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. Intragastric administration of KSEE significantly attenuated OVA-induced influx of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes into lungs, as well as attenuating levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in a dose-dependent manner. KSEE also significantly reduced the serum levels of total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E and OVA-specific IgG1 release into the airspace. Histological studies showed that KSEE inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue eosinophilia and airway mucus production. Moreover, in whole lung tissue lysates, immunoreactivity showed that KSEE markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9. These results show that KSEE possesses protective effects against allergic airway inflammation, acts as an MMP-9 inhibitor, and induces a reduction in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine EBM Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yusung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Huang X, Yang XW. New sesquiterpenoids from the dried flower buds of Tussilago farfara and their inhibition on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:318-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Yang XB, Feng J, Yang XW, Zhao B, Liu JX. Aquisiflavoside, a new nitric oxide production inhibitor from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:867-72. [PMID: 22924533 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.701209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new flavonoid glycoside, named aquisiflavoside, was isolated from the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Aquisiflavoside was evaluated for the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against NO production in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 34.95 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhao AH, Yang XB, Yang XW, Zhang YB, Xu W, Liu JX. Biotransformation products of phellopterin by rat liver microsomes and the inhibition on NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:956-965. [PMID: 23046467 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.729506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Four new coumarins (2',3'-dihydroxyphellopterin, E-5-methoxytrichoclin acetate, Z-5-methoxytrichoclin acetate, and E-5-methoxytrichoclin) and three known coumarins (byakangelicol, byakangelicin, and Z-5-methoxytrichoclin) were produced by liver microsomes from rats pre-treated with sodium phenobarbital. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data. The inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 were tested. The main biotransformation product, byakangelicin, showed inhibitory activities of NO production with the IC₅₀ value of 217.83 μM, whereas the parent compound phellopterin showed cytotoxic effect on RAW264.7 cell at the concentration from 40 to 400 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Lu C, Zhang HY, Ji J, Wang GX. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Kochia scoparia, and Polygala tenuifolia against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1085-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jin M, Suh SJ, Yang JH, Lu Y, Kim SJ, Kwon S, Jo TH, Kim JW, Park YI, Ahn GW, Lee CK, Kim CH, Son JK, Son KH, Chang HW. Anti-inflammatory activity of bark of Dioscorea batatas DECNE through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expressions in RAW264.7 cells via NF-κB and ERK1/2 inactivation. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3073-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim HG, Yoon DH, Lee WH, Han SK, Shrestha B, Kim CH, Lim MH, Chang W, Lim S, Choi S, Song WO, Sung JM, Hwang KC, Kim TW. Phellinus linteus inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing redox-based NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 114:307-315. [PMID: 17936530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mushroom Phellinus linteus has been known to exhibit potent biological activity. In contrast to the immuno-potentiating properties of Phellinus linteus, the anti-inflammatory properties of Phellinus linteus have rarely been investigated. Recently, ethanol extract and n-BuOH fractions from Phellinus linteus were deemed most effective in anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The regulatory mechanisms of Phellinus linteus butanol fractions (PLBF) on the pharmacological and biochemical actions of macrophages involved in inflammation have not been clearly defined yet. In the present study, we tested the role of PLBF on anti-inflammation patterns in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. To investigate the mechanism by which PLBF inhibits NO and PGE2 production as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, we examined the activation of IkappaB and MAPKs in LPS-activated macrophages. PLBF clearly inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 subunits, which correlated with PLBF's inhibitory effects on IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. PLBF also suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases including p38 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK). Furthermore, macrophages stimulated with LPS generated ROS via activation of membrane-bound NADPH oxidase, and ROS played an important role in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and MAPKs. We demonstrated that PLBF directly blocked intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS much as the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium, and antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate did. The suppression of NADPH oxidase also inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression. Cumulatively, these results suggest that PLBF inhibits the production of NO and PGE2 through the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression via ROS-based NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation. Thus, PLBF may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Gyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Vanamala J, Leonardi T, Patil BS, Taddeo SS, Murphy ME, Pike LM, Chapkin RS, Lupton JR, Turner ND. Suppression of colon carcinogenesis by bioactive compounds in grapefruit. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:1257-65. [PMID: 16387741 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the hypothesis that untreated and irradiated grapefruit as well as the isolated citrus compounds naringin and limonin would protect against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by suppressing proliferation and elevating apoptosis through anti-inflammatory activities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 100) were provided one of five diets: control (without added grapefruit components), untreated or irradiated (300 Gy, 137Cs) grapefruit pulp powder (13.7 g/kg), naringin (200 mg/kg) or limonin (200 mg/kg). Rats were injected with saline or AOM (15 mg/kg) during the third and fourth week and colons were resected (6 weeks post second injection) for evaluation of ACF, proliferation, apoptosis, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein levels. Experimental diets had no effect on the variables measured in saline-injected rats. However, in AOM-injected rats, the experimental diets suppressed (P < or = 0.02) aberrant crypt and high multiplicity ACF (HMACF; P < or = 0.01) formation and the proliferative index (P < or = 0.02) compared with the control diet. Only untreated grapefruit and limonin suppressed (P < or = 0.04) HMACF/cm and expansion (P < or = 0.008) of the proliferative zone that occurred in the AOM-injected rats consuming the control diet. All diets elevated (P < or = 0.05) the apoptotic index in AOM-injected rats, compared with the control diet; however, the greatest enhancement was seen with untreated grapefruit and limonin. Untreated grapefruit and limonin diets suppressed elevation of both iNOS (P < or = 0.003) and COX-2 (P < or = 0.032) levels observed in AOM-injected rats consuming the control diet. Although irradiated grapefruit and naringin suppressed iNOS levels in AOM-injected rats, no effect was observed with respect to COX-2 levels. Thus, lower levels of iNOS and COX-2 are associated with suppression of proliferation and upregulation of apoptosis, which may have contributed to a decrease in the number of HMACF in rats provided with untreated grapefruit and limonin. These results suggest that consumption of grapefruit or limonin may help to suppress colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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