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Kantasrila R, Pandith H, Balslev H, Wangpakapattanawong P, Panyadee P, Inta A. Ethnobotany and phytochemistry of plants used to treat musculoskeletal disorders among Skaw Karen, Thailand. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:62-104. [PMID: 38131672 PMCID: PMC10763916 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2292261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Musculoskeletal system disorders (MSD) are prevalent around the world affecting the health of people, especially farmers who work hard in the field. Karen farmers use many medicinal plants to treat MSD. OBJECTIVE This study collects traditional plant-based remedies used by the Skaw Karen to treat MSD and evaluates their active phytochemical compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethnobotanical study was conducted in six Karen villages in Chiang Mai province using semi-structured interviews were of 120 informants. The data were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices including use values (UV), choice value (CV), and informant consensus factor (ICF). Consequently, the 20 most important species, according to the indices, were selected for phytochemical analysis using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 3731 use reports were obtained for 139 species used in MSD treatment. The most common ailments treated with those plants were muscular pain. A total of 172 high-potential active compounds for MSD treatment were identified. Most of them were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The prevalent phytochemical compounds related to treat MSD were 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, dihydrovaltrate, morroniside, isoacteoside, lithocholic acid, pomiferin, cucurbitacin E, leonuriside A, liriodendrin, and physalin E. Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume (Adoxaceae), Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Betulaceae), Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. (Asteraceae), Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) and Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. (Salicaceae) all had high ethnobotanical index values and many active compounds. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable information, demonstrating low-cost medicine plants that are locally available. It is a choice of treatment for people living in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeeporn Kantasrila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Henrik Balslev
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Prateep Panyadee
- The Botanical Garden Organization, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Angkhana Inta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Dong Y, Zou YZ, Li T, Sun JH, Li H, Zhuang WY, Song Y, Wang CM. Schisandrol A Alleviates Allergic Asthma in Mice via Regulating the NF-κB/IκBα and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39315928 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill (S. chinensis) is the key traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthma used by ancient and modern medical practitioners. However, the material basis and the main mechanism of its antiasthmatic effect remain unclear. Our preliminary results showed that schisandrol A (SCA), a representative monomer of Schisandra lignans, had the best relaxation effect on tracheal rings in isolated rats. In this research, a mouse asthma model was prepared by combining ovalbumin (OVA) with Al (OH)3 for exploring the antiasthmatic action and the underlying mechanism of SCA. The study results demonstrated that SCA improved the behavior of mice with asthma and pathological changes in their lung tissues and airways, decreased serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-IgE levels, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin contents, and leukocytes number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. SCA downregulated the gene expressions of keratinocyte-derived protein chemokines and ILs and reduced the expressions of phosphorylated IκB kinase α (p-IKKα) and p-nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins in lung tissues. In addition, it was found that SCA could significantly increase T-superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, decrease malondialdehyde content, and elevate p-IκBα, NF-E2-related-factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expressions. In summary, SCA treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the allergic bronchial asthma in mice, and its mechanisms may involve the regulation of the NF-κB/IκBα pathway to reduce inflammatory response and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to improve the body's antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that SCA is a key component of S. chinensis in exerting antiasthmatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jing-Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Yue Zhuang
- Department of Molecular Biology Test Technique, School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Li LH, Hsu DZ, Chandrasekaran VRM, Liu MY. Inhibiting CD44-ICD Attenuates LPS-Induced Initiation of Hepatic Inflammation in Septic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8907. [PMID: 39201593 PMCID: PMC11354311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe condition induced by microbial infection. It elicits a systemic inflammatory response, leading to multi-organ failure, and the liver, as a scavenger, plays a significant role in this process. Controlling hepatic inflammation and maintaining liver function is crucial in managing sepsis. CD44-ICD, as a CD44 signal transductor, is involved in multiple inflammatory responses. However, the role of CD44-ICD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic inflammation has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether CD44-ICD initiates hepatic inflammation in septic mice. We induced hepatic inflammation in mice by administering LPS. DAPT, a CD44-ICD inhibitor, was given to mice or Chang cells 30 min or 1 h before LPS administration (10 mg/kg, i.p., or 100 ng/mL, respectively). Inhibition of CD44-ICD decreased the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) production, nuclear factor (NF)κB signaling pathway proteins, and CD44 expression in mice. CD44-ICD inhibition also decreased IL-1β and CD44 expression levels in Chang cells. CD44-ICD may be a primary regulatory function in CD44-associated LPS-induced initiation of hepatic inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Raj Mohan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yie Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
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Márquez-Flores YK, Martínez-Galero E, Correa-Basurto J, Sixto-López Y, Villegas I, Rosillo MÁ, Cárdeno A, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Daidzein and Equol: Ex Vivo and In Silico Approaches Targeting COX-2, iNOS, and the Canonical Inflammasome Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:647. [PMID: 38794217 PMCID: PMC11124169 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Phytochemical compounds in soy (Glycine max) foods, such as isoflavones, have been reported for their anti-inflammatory properties. AIM the anti-inflammatory activity of DZ (daidzein) and EQ (equol) were investigated in an ex vivo model of LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages and by molecular docking correlation. METHODS Cells were pre-treated with DZ (25, 50, and 100 µM) or EQ (5, 10, and 25 µM), followed by LPS stimulation. The levels of PGE2, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA, whereas the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, ASC, caspase 1, and IL-18 were measured by Western blotting. Also, the potential for transcriptional modulation by targeting NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase 1 was investigated by molecular docking. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory responses observed may be due to the modulation of NF-κB due to the binding of DZ or EQ, which is translated into decreased TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, NLRP3, and ASC levels. CONCLUSION This study establishes that DZ and EQ inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in peritoneal murine macrophages via down-regulation of NO and PGE2 generation, as well as the inhibition of the canonical inflammasome pathway, regulating NLRP3, and consequently decreasing IL-1β and IL-18 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín K. Márquez-Flores
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico;
| | - Elizdath Martínez-Galero
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City C.P. 07738, Mexico;
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico; (J.C.-B.); (Y.S.-L.)
| | - Yudibeth Sixto-López
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos y Productos Biotecnológicos, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, Mexico City C.P. 11340, Mexico; (J.C.-B.); (Y.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Professor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (I.V.); (A.C.); (C.A.-d.-l.-L.)
| | - María Á. Rosillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Professor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (I.V.); (A.C.); (C.A.-d.-l.-L.)
| | - Ana Cárdeno
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Professor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (I.V.); (A.C.); (C.A.-d.-l.-L.)
| | - Catalina Alarcón-de-la-Lastra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Professor García González Street 2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (I.V.); (A.C.); (C.A.-d.-l.-L.)
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Duraisamy P, Angusamy A, Ravi S, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Sundaram J, Ramar M. Phytol from Scoparia dulcis prevents NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses during macrophage polarization. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:80. [PMID: 38375513 PMCID: PMC10874368 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are primary immune cells that mediate a wide range of inflammatory diseases through their polarization potential. In this study, phytol isolated from Scoparia dulcis has been explored against 7-ketocholesterol and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage polarization in IC-21 cells. Isolated phytol has been characterized using GC-MS, TLC, HPTLC, FTIR, 1H-NMR, and HPLC analyses. The immunomodulatory effects of viable concentrations of phytol were tested on oxidative stress, arginase activity, nuclear and mitochondrial membrane potentials in IC-21 cells in addition to the modulation of calcium and lipids. Further, gene and protein expression of atherogenic markers were studied. Results showed that the isolated phytol at a viable concentration of 400 µg/ml effectively reduced the production of nitric oxide, superoxide anion (ROS generation), calcium and lipid accumulation, stabilized nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, and increased arginase activity. The atherogenic markers including iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-9, CD36, and NF-κB were significantly downregulated at the levels of gene and protein expression, while macrophage surface and nuclear receptor markers (CD206, CD163, and PPAR-γ) were significantly upregulated by phytol pre-treatment in macrophages. Therefore, the present pharmacognostic study supports the role of phytol isolated from Scoparia dulcis in preventing M2-M1 macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions, making it a promising compound. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03924-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annapoorani Angusamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni’s College for Women, Chennai, 600015 India
| | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
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Qin Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu T, Mu Q, Huang C. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunology 2024; 171:1-17. [PMID: 37652466 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic airway inflammation. A variety of immune cells such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils and airway epithelial cells are involved in the airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma pathogenesis, resulting in extensive and variable reversible expiratory airflow limitation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the allergic immune responses, particularly immunometabolism, remains unclear. Studies have detected enhanced oxidative stress, and abnormal metabolic progresses of glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid in various immune cells, inducing dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in asthma pathogenesis. Immunometabolism mechanisms contain multiple signalling pathways, providing novel therapy targets for asthma. This review summarises the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in asthma pathogenesis, as well as potential therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyang Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanjun Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Kim B, Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Son DJ, Lee HP, Roh YS, Lim KH, Yun J, Park H, Han SB, Hong JT. (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol alleviates inflammatory responses in LPS-induced mice liver sepsis through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111124. [PMID: 37977740 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease with limited treatment options, and the inflammatory process represents an important factor affecting its progression. Many studies have demonstrated the critical roles of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in sepsis pathophysiology and pro-inflammatory responses. Inhibition of STAT3 activity may therefore represent a promising treatment option for sepsis. We here used a mouse model to demonstrate that (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)phenol (MMPP) treatment prevented the liver sepsis-related mortality induced by 30 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and reduced LPS-induced increase in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, all of which are markers of liver sepsis progression. These recovery effects were associated with decreased LPS-induced STAT3, p65, and JAK1 phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) level; expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and induced nitric oxide synthase were also reduced by MMPP. In an in vitro study using the normal liver cell line THLE-2, MMPP treatment prevented the LPS-induced increase of STAT3, p65, and JAK1 phosphorylation and inflammatory protein expression in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was enhanced by combination treatment with MMPP and STAT3 inhibitor. The results clearly indicate that MMPP treatment prevents LPS-induced mortality by inhibiting the inflammatory response via STAT3 activity inhibition. Thus, MMPP represents a novel agent for alleviating LPS-induced liver sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Pom Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanseul Park
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy & Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Thi Nguyen NH, Kim JH, Lee SM, Cho BK, Kim YH, Min J. Inhibition of tau phosphorylation and Aβ accumulation by S. cerevisiae-derived vacuoles in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. J Biotechnol 2023; 376:45-52. [PMID: 37777088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins, which lead to neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of a bioengineered vacuoles derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived vacuoles to treat neuroinflammation and protein accumulation in AD. The yeast-derived vacuole is a small organelle that achieves efficient degradation by utilizing a diverse array of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolytic enzymes break down and process proteins into smaller fragments. We found that vacuoles treatment significantly reduced LPS-primed cell apoptosis and diminished Aβ42 secretion in vitro, potentially through the inhibition of the NF-kB p65 signaling pathway. Additionally, vacuole pre-treatment down-regulated NF-κB translocation and reduced phosphorylated tau levels in LPS-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the vacuoles have potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases. The vacuole's small size and diverse hydrolytic enzymes make it a promising drug delivery system for targeting intracellular proteins. Future studies may explore the use of vacuoles in animal models of AD to determine their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Han Thi Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Su-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
| | - Jiho Min
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea; Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
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Sharma A, Jaiswal V, Park M, Lee HJ. Biogenic silver NPs alleviate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a human fetal brain-derived cell line: Molecular switch to the M2 phenotype, modulation of TLR4/MyD88 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways, and molecular docking analysis. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213363. [PMID: 36881963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have inconsistent findings against inflammation. Although a wealth of literature on the beneficial effects of green-synthesized AgNPs has been published, a detailed mechanistic study of green AgNPs on the protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation using human microglial cells (HMC3) has not yet been reported. For the first time, we studied the inhibitory effect of biogenic AgNPs on inflammation and oxidative stress induced by LPS in HMC3 cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize AgNPs produced from honeyberry. Co-treatment with AgNPs significantly reduced mRNA expressions of inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, while increasing the expressions of anti-inflammatory markers such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. HMC3 cells were also switched from M1 to M2, as shown by lower expression of M1 markers such as cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, and CD68 and higher expression of M2 markers such as CD206, CD163, and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM2). Furthermore, AgNPs inhibited LPS-induced toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling, as evidenced by decreased expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TLR4. In addition, AgNPs reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), while decreasing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. The docking score of the honeyberry phytoconstituents ranged from -14.93 to - 4.28 KJ/mol. In conclusion, biogenic AgNPs protect against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by targeting TLR4/MyD88 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in a LPS-induced in vitro model. Biogenic AgNPs could be utilized as potential nanomedicine against LPS-induced inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- College of BioNano Technology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- College of BioNano Technology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Miey Park
- College of BioNano Technology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- College of BioNano Technology, Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Chen S, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhou B, Zhuang S, He X, Wang T, Wang C. Effects of different levels of rutin on growth performance, immunity, intestinal barrier and antioxidant capacity of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2116732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- Co-Innovation Center for School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Centre of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lee HL, Kim JM, Moon JH, Kim MJ, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Kim HJ, Eo HJ, Lee U, Heo HJ. Anti-Amnesic Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation Containing Corni fructus and Limosilactobacillus reuteri in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010090. [PMID: 36613533 PMCID: PMC9820465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the synbiotic activity between Corni fructus (C. fructus) and Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. C. fructus (as prebiotics, PRE), L. reuteri (as probiotics, PRO), and synbiotics (as a mixture of L. reuteri and C. fructus, SYN) were fed to mice for 3 weeks. Consumption of PRE, PRO, and SYN ameliorated colitis symptoms in body weight, large intestinal length, and serum albumin level. Moreover, SYN showed a synergistic effect on intestinal permeability and intestinal anti-inflammation response. Also, SYN significantly improved cognitive function as a result of measuring the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests in DSS-induced behavioral disorder mice. Especially, SYN also restored memory function by increasing the cholinergic system and reducing tau and amyloid β pathology. In addition, PRE, PRO, and SYN ameliorated dysbiosis by regulating the gut microbiota and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces. The bioactive compounds of C. fructus were identified with quinic acid, morroniside, loganin, and cornuside, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS2). In conclusion, synbiotic supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis and cognitive dysfunction by modulating gut microbiota, proinflammatory cytokines, and SCFAs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Division of Special Forest Resources, Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Resources, Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS), Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(55)-7721907
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12
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Goel S, Singh R, Singh V, Singh H, Kumari P, Chopra H, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Emran TB. Metformin: Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022739. [PMID: 36386794 PMCID: PMC9659887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels, improves the body’s response to insulin. In addition, trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the diabetic population receiving the drug. Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the major pathway for these potential beneficial effects of metformin. Historically, much emphasis has been placed on the potential indications of metformin beyond its anti-diabetic use. This review aims to appraise other potential uses of metformin primarily mediated by the activation of AMPK. We also discuss various mechanisms, other than AMPK activation, by which metformin could produce beneficial effects for different conditions. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched for literature relevant to the review’s objective. Reports from both research and review articles were considered. We found that metformin has diverse effects on the human body systems. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, metabolic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial effects and has now even been identified as effective against SARS-CoV-2. Above all, the AMPK pathway has been recognized as responsible for metformin’s efficiency and effectiveness. Owing to its extensive potential, it has the capability to become a part of treatment regimens for diseases apart from T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Goel
- Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
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13
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Monmai C, Choi J, Rod-in W, Lee TH, Park WJ. Development of fermented rice cake containing strawberry showing anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages and paw edema induced mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276020. [PMID: 36228005 PMCID: PMC9560629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is one of the richest sources containing a wide variety of nutritive compounds. Anti-inflammatory activities of fermented rice cake made of strawberry powder as well as rice powder were evaluated. The fermented rice cake containing strawberry powder (SRC) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Also, SRC effectively suppressed inflammatory gene expression, including iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In addition, the production of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRC was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema of ICR mice. It was demonstrated that pre-orally administration of SRC at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan. This study suggested that the anti-inflammation activities of strawberry rice cake give the potential for increasing the commercialization of rice cake and rice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - JeongUn Choi
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Power Plant, Korea Polytechnic College (Mokpo Campus), Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hwang YS, Jang JP, Park SH, Kim A, Jang JH, Yoon HR, Yoon SR, Park JH, Cho HJ, Lee HG. Ponciri Fructus Immaturus ethanol extract attenuates septic shock through inhibition of the STAT1 signaling pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:988309. [PMID: 36185646 PMCID: PMC9520981 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory disease to infections and results in tissue damage and multiple organ failure. Ponciri Fructus Immaturus (PFI) is widely used in traditional medicine for allergic inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders. However, the effect of PFI on sepsis is still unknown. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects of PFI ethanol extract (PFIE) in LPS-stimulated J774 macrophages and mice with CLP- or LPS-induced sepsis, respectively. PFIE attenuates the LPS-induced production of the proinflammatory mediator NO by inhibiting the expression of iNOS in J774 cells. Real-time RT-PCR data and ELISA showed that the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased in LPS-stimulated J774 cells. However, this induction was significantly suppressed in PFIE pre-treated J774 cells. We also found that PFIE administration increased the survival rate of mice with LPS- and CLP-induced sepsis. Decreased serum levels of AST, ALT, and CK were observed after administration of PFIE, which was associated with reduced production of proinflammatory factors, such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, PFIE suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 in LPS-stimulated J774 cells, suggesting that PFIE can inhibit LPS- and CLP-induced septic shock by suppressing the STAT1 activation. These findings provide the potential therapeutic relevance of PFIE in treating acute inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sep Hwang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Aeyung Kim
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju-si, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Hong Park,
| | - Hee Jun Cho
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Hee Jun Cho,
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Molecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Hee Gu Lee,
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15
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Kim M, Kim H, Kim H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Protopine through MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Regulation in HepG2 Cell. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144601. [PMID: 35889472 PMCID: PMC9324321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protopine is a substance used for hemostasis with an anti-inflammatory action and is one of the substances that are actively undergoing experiments to confirm their utility as anticancer agents. This study examined the molecular changes in the cellular signaling pathways associated with inflammatory responses in phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA)-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Hep G2). The inhibition of PMA-induced phosphorylation of I-κB in HepG2, the effect of protopine on the MAPK signals, the inhibition of COX-2 activity, and the inhibition of MMP-9 as a medium of inflammatory response were evaluated by Western blot and qPCR. The effect of protopine on the survival rates in HepG2 cells was evaluated and found to be stable to a processing concentration of up to 40μM. Subsequent Western blot analyses showed that protopine blocks the transfer of the MAPKs cell signals induced by PMA and the transfer of the subunit of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to the nucleolus. Protopine inhibited the kappa alpha (I-κBα) phosphorylation in the cytosol and blocked PMA-induced inflammation via COX-2 activity inhibition. The expression of MMP-9 at the gene and protein levels, which is associated with cell migration and metastasis, was reduced by protopine.
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16
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Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144603. [PMID: 35889477 PMCID: PMC9322085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthatin (XT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the Chinese herb Xanthium, which belongs to the Asteraceae family. In this study, we developed an inflammation model via stimulating macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was applied to assess the anti-inflammatory effect and probable mechanisms of xanthatin. When compared with the only LPS-induced group, cells that were pretreated with xanthatin were found to decrease the amount of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), and downregulate the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Interestingly, phosphorylated levels of related proteins (STAT3, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, IκBα, p65) were notably increased only with the LPS-activated cells, while the expression of these could be reverted by pre-treatment with xanthatin in a dose-dependent way. Meanwhile, xanthatin was also found to block NF-κB p65 from translocating into the nucleus and activating inflammatory gene transcription. Collectively, these results demonstrated that xanthatin suppresses the inflammatory effects through downregulating the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) signaling pathways. Taken together, xanthatin possesses the potential to act as a good anti-inflammatory medication candidate.
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17
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phlebia sp. Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2717196. [PMID: 35872858 PMCID: PMC9303134 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2717196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are a life form in which algae and fungi have a symbiotic relationship and have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities. This is the first study to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of a Phlebia sp. fungal extract (PSE) isolated from Peltigera neopolydactyla in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. PSE reduced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β), chemokine (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), nitric oxide, and prostaglandin E2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Especially, PSE inhibits the phosphorylation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling (c-Fos and c-Jun) and their upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MKK/MAPKs: MKK4, MKK7, and JNK) and finally reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory effects mainly act via suppressing JNK-mediated AP-1 rather than the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, PSE inhibited the production of final inflammatory effector molecules involved in AP-1 signaling, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we report that PSE has the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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18
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Yang J, Li J, Yang L, Guo R. Alkannin reverses lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signalling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14936-14946. [PMID: 37105673 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2184455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that seriously affects human health worldwide. Meanwhile, inflammation in RAW264.7 cells could lead to the progression of RA. Alkannin (ALK) is derived from Alkanna tinctoria and is known to exert anti-tumor effects. However, the function of ALK in inflammation of RAW264.7 cells remains unclear. Thus, this research sought to investigate the detailed function of ALK in inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells. To induce an inflammatory response, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MTT assay was applied to examine cell viability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying ALK function in inflammatory responses was investigated using RT-qPCR and western blotting. The data revealed that LPS significantly increased the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), Interleukin (IL)-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6, whereas ALK reversed this effect. ALK also restored LPS-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting the downregulation of p-inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα). LPS elevated p-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), and phosphorylated -c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) levels, which were markedly decreased in the presence of ALK. In summary, Alkannin attenuated LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Thus, our research might provide a new theoretical basis for exploring new strategies against RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanzhu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruohui Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhang J, Liu C, Zhao G, Li M, Ma D, Meng Q, Tang W, Huang Q, Shi P, Li Y, Jiang L, Yu X, Zhu H, Chen G, Zhang X. PM2.5 Synergizes With Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Suppress Alveolar Macrophage Function in Mice Through the mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924242. [PMID: 35800443 PMCID: PMC9253536 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of PM2.5 in enclosed broiler houses cause respiratory disorders in humans and animals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. Alveolar macrophages are lung-resident immune cells that play important roles in lung host defence and immune balance. In this study, the mechanism by which PM2.5 synergizes with P. aeruginosa to damage alveolar macrophage function and induce inflammation was investigated. The results will provide a theoretical basis for improving the poultry breeding environment and preventing the recurrence of infection with P. aeruginosa. Alveolar macrophages were stimulated by PM2.5 collected in an enclosed broiler house and P. aeruginosa. Phagocytosis was determined by the neutral red test. The apoptosis rate and cytoskeleton changes were observed by flow cytometry assays and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein levels related to autophagy and the mTOR pathway were detected by Western blotting. The results indicated that PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could decrease phagocytosis, inhibit autophagy, increase apoptosis, and destroy the cytoskeleton in alveolar macrophages. In addition, alveolar macrophages had significantly increased expression of mTOR pathway-related proteins in response to the synergistic stimulation of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa. The above results confirmed that PM2.5 in poultry houses synergized with P. aeruginosa to impede alveolar macrophage function and caused more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
| | - Guangrong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Di Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Peimin Shi
- Linyi Central Blood Station, Linyi, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safty Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Animal Products, Ji’nan, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
| | - Guozhong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Breeding Environmental Control Engineering Laboratory, Yantai, China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenetic Microbiology and Immunology, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiao Zhang,
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Lee EH, Park HJ, Jung HY, Kang IK, Kim BO, Cho YJ. Isoquercitrin isolated from newly bred Green ball apple peel in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage regulates NF-κB inflammatory pathways and cytokines. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:100. [PMID: 35463046 PMCID: PMC8938568 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple peel has several bioactive properties. The fruit is grown worldwide, and its ingredients are used medicinally. However, its anti-inflammatory activities are poorly characterized. In this study, isoquercitrin isolated from newly bred Green ball apple peel from Korea showed anti-inflammatory effects. To confirm its anti-inflammatory effects, isoquercitrin was treated with lipopolysaccharide, which induces proinflammatory factors in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Proinflammatory effects were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to define the isoquercitrin concentration nontoxic to cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2, inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by isoquercitrin. mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) as proinflammatory factors significantly decreased. PTGES2, which was stimulated by COX-2 and involved in PGE2 expression, was inhibited. Therefore, this study rendered isoquercitrin isolated from the newly bred Green ball apple peel as a potential pharmacological alternative to treat inflammation-related diseases.
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Potential Therapeutic Applications of Plant-Derived Alkaloids against Inflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7299778. [PMID: 35310033 PMCID: PMC8926539 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7299778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a type of natural compound possessing different pharmacological activities. Natural products, including alkaloids, which originate from plants, have emerged as potential protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) and chronic inflammations. A wide array of prescription drugs are used against these conditions, however, not free of limitations of potency, side effects, and intolerability. In the context of personalized medicine, further research on alkaloids to unravel novel therapeutic approaches in reducing complications is critical. In this review, a systematic survey was executed to collect the literature on alkaloids and their health complications, from which we found that majority of alkaloids exhibit anti-inflammatory action via nuclear factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuroprotective interaction through acetylcholinesterase (AChE), COX, and β-site amyloid precursor protein activity. In silico ADMET and ProTox-II-related descriptors were calculated to predict the pharmacological properties of 280 alkaloids isolated from traditional medicinal plants towards drug development. Out of which, eight alkaloids such as tetrahydropalmatine, berberine, tetrandrine, aloperine, sinomenine, oxymatrine, harmine, and galantamine are found to be optimal within the categorical range when compared to nicotine. These alkaloids could be exploited as starting materials for novel drug synthesis or, to a lesser extent, manage inflammation and neurodegenerative-related complications.
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Lee H, Hwang D, Lee M, Lee J, Cho S, Kim TJ, Kim HS. Micro-Current Stimulation Suppresses Inflammatory Responses in Peptidoglycan-Treated Raw 264.7 Macrophages and Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Skin Inflammation via TLR2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052508. [PMID: 35269651 PMCID: PMC8910224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne is a common inflammatory disorder of the human skin and a multifactorial disease caused by the sebaceous gland and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of micro-current stimulation (MC) on peptidoglycan (PGN)-treated raw 264.7 macrophages and P. acnes-induced skin inflammation. To specify the intensity with anti-inflammatory effects, nitric oxide (NO) production was compared according to various levels of MC. As the lowest NO production was shown at an intensity of 50 μA, subsequent experiments used this intensity. The changes of expression of the proteins related to TLR2/NF-κB signaling were examined by immunoblotting. Also, immunofluorescence analysis was performed for observing NF-κB p65 localization. All of the expression levels of proteins regarding TLR2/NF-κB signaling were decreased by the application of MC. Moreover, the application of MC to PGN-treated raw 264.7 cells showed a significant decrease in the amount of nuclear p65-protein. In the case of animal models with P. acnes-induced skin inflammation, various pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators significantly decreased in MC-applied mice. In particular, the concentration of IL-1β in serum decreased, and the area of acne lesions, decreased from the histological analysis. We suggest for the first time that MC can be a novel treatment for acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Donghyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Minjoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Jinho Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (J.L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | | | - Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (J.L.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Han Sung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-760-2913
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Integrated Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation Approach to Investigate the Therapeutic Effects of Capsaicin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9272896. [PMID: 35140545 PMCID: PMC8818435 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9272896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated method combining network pharmacology and in vivo experiment was performed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of capsaicin (Cap) against acute lung injury. The potential key genes and signaling pathways involved in the therapeutic effect of Cap were predicted by the network pharmacology analyses. Additionally, the histological assessment, ELISA, and RT-qPCR were performed to confirm the therapeutic effect and the potential mechanism action involved. Our findings showed that TNF, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 were part of the top 50 genes. Enrichment analysis revealed that those potential genes were enriched in the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. In vivo experiment results showed that Cap alleviated histopathological changes, decreased inflammatory infiltrated cells and inflammatory cytokines, and improved antioxidative enzyme activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, Cap treatment effectively downregulated TNF, IL-6, NF-κB, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 in lung tissue. Thus, our findings demonstrated that Cap has the therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats via suppression of the TNF signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Jang AY, Monmai C, Rod-In W, Kim JE, You S, Lee TH, Park WJ. Immune-modulation effect of Halocynthia aurantium tunic lipid on RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 31:101-110. [PMID: 35059234 PMCID: PMC8733137 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-01017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the immune-regulatory potential of lipid extract from Halocynthia aurantium tunic on macrophage cells. The results showed that H. aurantium lipid is composed of primarily SFA (68.32%), followed by MUFA and PUFA (17.61% and 14.07%, respectively). Halocynthia aurantium lipid dose-dependently modulated the NO and PGE2 production in RAW264.7 cells without any LPS stimulation. The lipid effectively up-regulated the cytokine expression, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. The COX-2 expression as a key biomarker for inflammation was also significantly increased. Conversely, H. aurantium lipid down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Halocynthia aurantium lipid modulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p-65, p38, ERK, and JNK, indicating that this lipid activated through NF-κB and MAPK pathways. These results provide insight into the immune-regulatory activities of H. aurantium tunic lipid and suggest that H. aurantium tunic may a potential lipid source for immune-regulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-yeong Jang
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - Chaiwat Monmai
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-In
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Power Plant, Korea Polytechnic College (Mokpo Campus), Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58542 Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea ,grid.411733.30000 0004 0532 811XDepartment of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457 Korea
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Jin X, Gao X, Lan M, Li CN, Sun JM, Zhang H. Study the mechanism of peimisine derivatives on NF-κB inflammation pathway on mice with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:717-726. [PMID: 34939324 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peimisine is one of the alkaloids in Fritillariae ussuriensis Bulbus, which has anti-acute lung injury effect. In order to obtain compounds with superior bio-activity, 14 new derivatives were obtained from peimisine, and the better activity compounds were screened by MTT method. It was found that boc-leucine mono peimisine ester monoamide (compound G, 25 μg/ml) had increased cell survival rate and reduced the TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS levels in RAW 264.7 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated. In vivo, LPS (10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to establish ALI model, and compound G (2.5 or 10 mg/kg) was injected into mice as the experimental group. The results showed that after the compound G (10 mg/kg) treatment, the Wet / Dry ratio of the lung was reduced, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS was inhibited. Meanwhile, compound G (10 mg/kg) could increase the content of IκB protein and reduce the content of p65 protein in lung tissue by Western blot analysis, which may play an anti-acute lung injury role by inhibiting the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, compound G could attenuate LPS-induced ALI in mice and it may become a new approach to treat ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Lan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Nan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jia-Ming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Jayakumar T, Lin KC, Chang CC, Hsia CW, Manubolu M, Huang WC, Sheu JR, Hsia CH. Targeting MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Rutaecarpine: Impact on Src/FAK-Mediated Macrophage Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010092. [PMID: 35008520 PMCID: PMC8745017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have discovered that different extracts of Evodia rutaecarpa and its phytochemicals show a variety of biological activities associated with inflammation. Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from the unripe fruit of E. rutaecarpa, has been exposed to have anti-inflammatory properties, the mechanism of action has not been well studied. Thus, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of rutaecarpine (RUT) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. RUT reserved the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β in the LPS-induced macrophages. RUT showed an inhibitory effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and it also inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by hindering IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. The phospho-PI3K and Akt was concentration-dependently suppressed by RUT. However, RUT not only suggestively reduced the migratory ability of macrophages and their numbers induced by LPS but also inhibited the phospho-Src, and FAK. Taken together, these results indicate that RUT participates a vital role in the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory processes in RAW 264.7 macrophages and that the mechanisms involve PI3K/Akt and MAPK-mediated downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, reducing the migration and number of cells induced by LPS via inhibiting of Src/FAK pathway was also included to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RUT. Therefore, RUT may have potential benefits as a therapeutic agent against chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Kao-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Manjunath Manubolu
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA;
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (J.-R.S.); (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661-3199 (J.-R.S.); Fax: +886-2-27390450 (J.-R.S.)
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (T.J.); (K.-C.L.); (C.-W.H.); (W.-C.H.)
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.S.); (C.-H.H.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661-3199 (J.-R.S.); Fax: +886-2-27390450 (J.-R.S.)
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Kuwanon T and Sanggenon a Isolated from Morus alba Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Regulating NF-κB and HO-1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in BV2 and RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247642. [PMID: 34946724 PMCID: PMC8708433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously investigated the methanolic extract of Morus alba bark and characterized 11 compounds from the extract: kuwanon G (1), kuwanon E (2), kuwanon T (3), sanggenon A (4), sanggenon M (5), sanggenol A (6), mulberofuran B (7), mulberofuran G (8), moracin M (9), moracin O (10), and norartocarpanone (11). Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds on microglial cells (BV2) and macrophages (RAW264.7). Among them, 3 and 4 markedly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide in these cells, suggesting the anti-inflammatory properties of these two compounds. These compounds inhibited the production of prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 following LPS stimulation. Pretreatment with 3 and 4 inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway in both cell types. The compounds also induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Suppressing the activity of HO-1 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects caused by pretreatment with 3 and 4, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects were regulated by HO-1. Taken together, 3 and 4 are potential candidates for developing therapeutic and preventive agents for inflammatory diseases.
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Siraj MA, Islam Howlader MS, Islam MA, Irin T, Simal-Gandara J. Regulation of the redox signaling and inflammation by Terminalia myriocarpa leaves and the predictive interactions of it's major metabolites with iNOS and NF-ĸB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114459. [PMID: 34343646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of the redox signaling and inflammation by ethanolic leaf extract of Terminalia myriocarpaVan Heurck & Müller (ETM), inspired by the reported antioxidant potential of the plant bark and the anti-edema effect of the same genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC-DAD dereplication study was conducted to detect the major polyphenolic secondary metabolites. In-vitro DPPH free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay, Fe2+ ion chelating ability assay and reducing power assay were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. The molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation was investigated via assessing the NO and NF-ĸB inhibiting properties in different cell lines. In-vivo carrageenan and histamine-induced edema tests were conducted using established animal models. Pro-inflammatory proteins iNOS and NF-κB were docked against the major metabolites of ETM in the in-silico study. RESULTS HPLC dereplication analysis revealed the presence of considerable amount of ellagic acid, where methyl-(S)-flavogallonate was previously reported in T. myriocarpa. Significant antioxidant activity was found in every in- vitro redox assay conducted. NO was reduced in RAW 264.7 cells, showing 83.67 ± 4.18% inhibitory activity at the highest tested concentration. TNF-α induced NF-κB was also observed to be reduced in 293/NF-кB-luc cells with an inhibitory activity of 66.23 ± 0.81% at the highest dose tested. In-vivo carrageenan-induced edema test demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) at both doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg with 60.10% highest reduction in rat paw volume. Using same doses, histamine-induced edema test exhibited mentionable anti-inflammatory potential (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) with 67.91% highest reduction in rat paw volume. Moreover, ellagic acid and methyl-(S)-flavogallonate showed significant binding affinity with iNOS (-8.5 and -8.7 Kcal/moL, respectively) and NF-κB (-7.3 and -7.3 Kcal/moL, respectively). CONCLUSION Mentionable basis was found on behalf of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials of ETM which might be correlated with its NF-ĸB inhibiting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Afjalus Siraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, 96720, HI, USA
| | - Md Sariful Islam Howlader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA; Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, 38501, USA
| | - Md Arman Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzira Irin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, ASA University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E32004, Ourense, Spain.
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Lee JY, Lee S, Choi JH, Na K. ι-Carrageenan nanocomposites for enhanced stability and oral bioavailability of curcumin. Biomater Res 2021; 25:32. [PMID: 34627398 PMCID: PMC8502325 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrageenan (CRN), a polygalactan consisting of 15 to 40% ester sulfate, is used in oral controlled-release technology due to its viscosity and large molecular weight. Curcumin (Cur) is a highly potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against various diseases, such as tumors, liver disease, rheumatism, and Alzheimer's disease. Although Cur shows excellent effects in the body, it has major problems, such as poor solubility and low bioavailability in water. METHOD Nanocomposites containing Cur were developed by emulsion technique. Cur@CRN was characterized through the viscosity measurement, size analysis, stability test, and loading efficiency. Antioxidant effects was analyzed with DPPH reagent, and anti-inflammatory effects was analyzed by NFkB/IkBr signaling pathway with wester blot. Cellular interaction was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal images. Especially, permeability test was demonstrated in MDCK and Caco-2 monolayer cells. RESULTS Cur@CRN enhanced stability, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, compared with other polymer nanocomposites. Sulfate groups (SO42-) in CRN are transported across cell membranes by anion exchangers of the SLC26 gene families. We confirmed Caco-2 cells expressed SLC26A2 receptors interacted with CRN, expect for Tween 80 and hydroxypropyl cellulose. In contrary, other cells did not interact with CRN due to non-expression of SLC26A2 receptors. Based on this, Cur@CRN showed 44-fold better permeability than free Cur in MDCK cell assay. CONCLUSION Enhanced intestinal permeability of Cur can be applied in various health care facilities with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects compared with nonformulated Cur. Since the CRN composed of nanocomposites has a high molecular weight, high viscosity, and sulfate groups, it will be a platform that can increase the bioavailability of various insoluble drugs as well as Cur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Ho Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Immunomodulatory Activities of Ammodytes personatus Egg Lipid in RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196027. [PMID: 34641571 PMCID: PMC8512018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammodytes personatus, known as the Pacific sand lance, thrives in cold areas of the North Pacific. In this study, the total lipid was extracted from A. personatus eggs and the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID). The results showed that the extracted lipid contained high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The immunomodulatory activities of the A. personatus lipid were investigated using rodent macrophages. First, immune enhancement was analyzed, and the A. personatus lipid significantly and dose-dependently increased the NO production in RAW264.7 cells, and this lipid also regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes in RAW264.7 cells by activating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed that this lipid stimulated phagocytosis. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory activity of the A. personatus lipid was also analyzed and the results showed significantly decreased NO production and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the A. personatus lipid suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins related to the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further, flow cytometry demonstrated the lipid-regulated anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of CD86 expression. The results indicate that A. personatus egg lipid is a potential source of immunomodulation.
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Kim SL, Choi HS, Ko YC, Yun BS, Lee DS. 5-Hydroxymaltol Derived from Beetroot Juice through Lactobacillus Fermentation Suppresses Inflammatory Effect and Oxidant Stress via Regulating NF-kB, MAPKs Pathway and NRF2/HO-1 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081324. [PMID: 34439571 PMCID: PMC8389248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the first response of the immune system against bacterial pathogens. This study isolated and examined an antioxidant derived from Lactobacillus fermentation products using cultured media with 1% beet powder. The antioxidant activity of the beet culture media was significantly high. Antioxidant activity-guided purification and repeated sample isolation yielded an isolated compound, which was identified as 5-hydoxymaltol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. We examined the mechanism of its protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of macrophages. 5-Hydroxymaltol suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also suppressed tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the messenger RNA and protein levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymaltol reduced LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 expression. Overall, this study found that 5-hydroxymaltol has anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production depending on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, inhibition of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase induction, and induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that 5-hydroxymaltol may be an effective compound for treating inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Lim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Faculty of Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (S.-L.K.); (H.S.C.); (Y.-C.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Bio-Health Materials Core-Facility Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Practical Translational Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, SARI, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jiang M, Xue Y, Li J, Rao K, Yan S, Li H, Chen X, Li R, Liu D. PKCδ/MAPKs and NF-κB Pathways are Involved in the Regulation of Ingenane-Type Diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia on Macrophage Function. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2681-2696. [PMID: 34234502 PMCID: PMC8243765 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s306846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. has important medicinal value in the treatment of ulcers, tumors, inflammation, chronic respiratory troubles, and so on. Although many ingredients with anti-inflammatory activity have been discovered and isolated from the Euphorbia neriifolia, the current research still cannot explain its multivariate effects on the immune response. This article aims to introduce two Ingenane-type diterpenoids from Euphorbia neriifolia with macrophage regulatory effects and to investigate the mechanism of their action. METHODS The stem bark of E. neriifolia was extracted with various separation methods to obtain ingenane-type diterpenoids. The RAW264.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) to establish an inflammatory cell model. The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The secretion of PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was tested with ELISA. The levels of iNOS, COX-2, IκBα, JNK, ERK, p38, p-IκBα, p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 in cells were detected by Western blotting. The translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 subunit were evaluated by Immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Ingenane-type diterpenoids, eurifoloid A (Euri A) and a new compound euphorneroid E (Euph E), were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of E. neriifolia stem bark extracts. Euph E and Euri A exhibited significant inhibition on the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS on LPS-induced macrophage RAW264.7. Cellular signaling pathway studies showed that they prevented the degradation of IκBα and the translocation of NF-κB/p65 subunit. Furthermore, the production of PGE2, TNFα, and COX-2 was dramatically increased under the influence of the compounds, which were closely related to the phosphorylation of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that Euph E and Euri A exhibited multidirectional regulation on cytokines and immune function of macrophages, in addition to a good anti-inflammatory activity, and which was closely related to the regulation of PKCδ/MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Jiang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xue
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kairui Rao
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shili Yan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanqin Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongtao Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Kaczara P, Tworzydlo A, Napiorkowski M, Sidoryk K, Chlopicki S. Exogenous Vitamins K Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Dissociated from Their Role as Substrates for Synthesis of Endogenous MK-4 in Murine Macrophages Cell Line. Cells 2021; 10:1571. [PMID: 34206530 PMCID: PMC8303864 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins K exert a range of activities that extend far beyond coagulation and include anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory action remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that various forms of exogenous vitamins-K1, K3, K2 (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6 and MK-7)-regulated a wide scope of inflammatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro, including NOS-2, COX-2, cytokines and MMPs. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 on their own. Vitamins with shorter isoprenoid chains-K1, K3 and MK-5-exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory potential than vitamins with longer isoprenoid chains (MK-6 and MK-7) and simultaneously were preferably used as a substrate for MK-4 endogenous production. Most interesting, atorvastatin pretreatment inhibited endogenous MK-4 production but had no impact on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamins K. In summary, our results demonstrate that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 using exogenous vitamins K, and statin inhibits this process. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous vitamins K was independent of endogenous MK-4 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tworzydlo
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Marek Napiorkowski
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warszawa, Poland; (M.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warszawa, Poland; (M.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-R.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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Chemical Analysis of the Ingredients of 20% Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Nardostachys jatamansi through Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Component. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5901653. [PMID: 33976703 PMCID: PMC8084687 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5901653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nardostachys spp. have been widely used in Asia as a folk medicine. In particular, the extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi, a species that grows in China, India, and Tibet, have been used to treat mental disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and convulsions. In this investigation, the potential of 20% aqueous ethanol extract of N. jatamansi (NJ20) as a botanical drug was explored by chemically investigating its constituents and its anti-neuroinflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced in vitro and in vivo models. Nine secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from NJ20, and quantitative analysis of these metabolites revealed desoxo-narchinol A as the major constituent. In LPS-challenged cells, pretreatment with NJ20 inhibited the LPS-induced excessive production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. NJ20 also attenuated the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, pre-intraperitoneal injection of NJ20 downregulated the mRNA overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of the LPS-stimulated C57BL/c mouse model. Chemical and biological investigations of NJ20 revealed that it is a potential inhibitor of LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells and mouse models. The major active constituent of NJ20, desoxo-narchinol A, demonstrated anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Hence, our findings indicate that NJ20 may be a promising herbal mixture for developing a functional product and/or herbal drug for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
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How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052662. [PMID: 33800829 PMCID: PMC7961970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs originate from blood monocytes and undergo pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization during their life span within the tumor. The balance between macrophage functional populations and the efficacy of their antitumor activities rely on the transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-κB, IRF, and others. These molecular tools are of primary importance, as they contribute to the tumor adaptations and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and can become important biomarkers for theranostics. Herein, we describe the major transcriptional mechanisms specific for TAM, as well as how radio- and chemotherapy can impact gene transcription and functionality of macrophages, and what are the consequences of the TAM-tumor cooperation.
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Lv X, Xu Z, Xu G, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Investigation of the active components and mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma based on a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation. Food Funct 2021; 11:3032-3042. [PMID: 32186565 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00087f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the active components of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma and the related mechanisms by a network pharmacology approach. The active components of Schisandra chinensis and the corresponding targets were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). Eight active components in Schisandra chinensis and 56 related targets were screened out according to two indicators, oral bioavailability (OB) and drug-likeness (DL). A total of 132 targets related to asthma were screened out through Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) data. The String database and Cytoscape software were used to build the "drug-active compound-target" network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The key targets were further predicted by the analysis of related biological processes and the pathway-enrichment. A total of 10 intersection targets between Schisandra chinensis and asthma were obtained by building Venn diagrams, and lignans in Schisandra chinensis were found to be associated with asthma. The key targets Ptgs2 and Nos2 were further screened out, and schisandrol B (SCB) was predicted as the most related key component to asthma. A mouse asthma model was established with ovalbumin and aluminum hydroxide for verifying the effect of SCB and related mechanisms. The results showed that SCB could inhibit the gene expression of proinflammatory factors to play a therapeutic role in asthma by reducing the expression of Nos2 and Ptgs2 and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway to intervene in the process of cell metabolism in mice. These results suggest that SCB can alleviate the severity of asthma through the mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology, and provide a basis for further understanding of the application of Schisandra chinensis in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhiying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - He Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
| | | | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China.
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37
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Monmai C, Jang AY, Kim JE, Lee SM, You S, Kang S, Lee TH, Park WJ. Immunomodulatory Activities of Body Wall Fatty Acids Extracted from Halocynthia aurantium on RAW264.7 Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1927-1936. [PMID: 33046674 PMCID: PMC9728411 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2007.07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tunicates are known to contain biologically active materials and one species in particular, the sea peach (Halocynthia aurantium), has not been thoroughly studied. In this study we aimed to analyze the fatty acids profile of the H. aurantium body wall and its immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. The fatty acids were classified into three categories: saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Omega-3 fatty acid content, including EPA and DHA, was higher than omega-6 fatty acids. H. aurantium body wall fatty acids exhibited enhanced immune response and anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells. Under normal conditions, fatty acids significantly increase nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby improving the immune response. On the other hand, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 production in a dose-dependent manner, thereby enhancing anti-inflammatory effects. Fatty acids transcriptionally control the expression of the immune-associated genes, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α, via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling cascades in RAW264.7 cells. However, in LPSstimulated RAW264.7 cells, H. aurantium body wall fatty acids significantly inhibited expression of inflammatory cytokine; similarly, production of COX-2 and PGE2 was inhibited. The results of our present study provide insight into the immune-improving and anti-inflammatory effects of H. aurantium body wall fatty acids on macrophages. In addition, our study demonstrates that H. aurantium body wall is a potential source of immune regulatory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Yeong Jang
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 5457, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 5457, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 5457, Republic of Korea,Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 5457, Republic of Korea,Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 2557, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokBeom Kang
- Citrus Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Seogwipo 63607, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Power Plant, Korea Polytechnic College (Mokpo Campus), Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58542, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- East Coast Life Sciences Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea,Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 5457, Republic of Korea,Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 2557, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-33-640-2857 Fax: +82-33-640-2850 E-mail:
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38
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Zhang X, Liu R. Advances in BPA-induced Oxidative Stress and Related Effects and Mechanisms in Liver, 1991-2017. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:432-443. [PMID: 30207228 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180912105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely spreading environmental endocrine disruptor . Its characteristics, including small doses and frequent contact, make it easy to enter human body through drinking water, food, air and other pathways, leading to tumors, infertility, and liver damage. The present review summarizes the underlying mechanism of oxidative stress and its related effects induced by BPA in the liver. The progress of the mechanism for oxidative stress induced by BPA is summarized, including mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and inflammation reaction, liver dyslipidemia, apoptosis, and cell death mechanism. In the future, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and timing of oxidative stress to clarify the effects on different exposures to different genders and growth stages. Besides, studying the toxic effects on BPA surrogates, BPA metabolites and BPA combined with other pollutants in the environment is beneficial to clarify the environmental and human health effects of BPA and provide technical reference for the development of practical control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, China
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39
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Hwang M, Kim JN, Lee JR, Kim SC, Kim BJ. Effects of Chaihu-Shugan-San on Small Intestinal Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:707-715. [PMID: 32238713 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in East Asia. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemakers in the GI tract. In the present study, we examined the action of CSS on pacemaker potentials in cultured ICCs from the mouse small intestine in vitro and on GI motility in vivo. We used the electrophysiological methods to measure the pacemaker potentials in ICCs. GI motility was investigated by measuring intestinal transit rates (ITR). CSS inhibited the pacemaker potentials in a dose-dependent manner. The capsazepine did not block the effect of CSS. However, the effects of CSS were blocked by glibenclamide. In addition, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) also blocked the CSS-induced effects. Pretreatment with SQ-22536 or with KT-5720 did not suppress the effects of CSS; however, pretreatment with ODQ or KT-5823 did. Furthermore, CSS significantly suppressed murine ITR enhancement by neostigmine in vivo. These results suggest that CSS exerts inhibitory effects on the pacemaker potentials of ICCs via nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channel dependent and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel independent pathways. Accordingly, CSS could provide the basis for the development of new treatments for GI motility dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Hwang
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jeong Nam Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine
| | - Jong Rok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine
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40
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Abd El Fattah MA, Abdelhamid YA, Elyamany MF, Badary OA, Heikal OA. Rice Bran Extract Protected against LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Mice through Targeting PPAR-γ Nuclear Receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1504-1516. [PMID: 33205365 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PPAR-γ anti-inflammatory functions have received significant attention since its agonists have been shown to exert a wide range of protective effects in many experimental models of neurologic diseases. Rice bran is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are reported to act as PPAR-γ partial agonists. Herein, the anti-inflammatory effect of rice bran extract (RBE) through PPAR-γ activation was evaluated in LPS-induced neuroinflammatory mouse model in comparison to pioglitazone (PG) using 80 Swiss albino mice. RBE (100 mg/kg) and PG (30 mg/kg) were given orally for 21 days and LPS (0.25 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for the last 7 days. TNF-α and COX-2 brain contents were evaluated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, NFκB binding to its response element was evaluated alongside with the effect of treatments on IκB gene expression. Furthermore, PPAR-γ sumoylation was also studied. Finally, histopathological examination was performed for different brain areas. RBE administration was found to protect against the LPS-induced inflammatory effects by decreasing the inflammatory mediator expression in mice brains. It also decreased PPAR-γ sumoylation without significant effect on IκB expression or NFκB binding to its response element. The majority of the effects were attenuated in presence of PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662). Level of significance was set to P < 0.05. Such findings highlight the agonistic effect of RBE component(s) on PPAR-γ and support the hypothesis of involvement of PPAR-γ activation in its neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Abd El Fattah
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohammed F Elyamany
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A Badary
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola A Heikal
- Narcotics, Ergogenics & Toxins Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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41
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He F, Li L, Li PP, Deng Y, Yang YY, Deng YX, Luo HH, Yao XT, Su YX, Gan H, He BC. Cyclooxygenase-2/sclerostin mediates TGF-β1-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells and rats undergoing renal failure. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21220-21235. [PMID: 33159018 PMCID: PMC7695383 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the effect and possible mechanism of TGF-β1 on vascular calcification. We found that the serum levels of TGF-β1 and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased in patients with chronic kidney disease. Phosphate up regulated TGF-β1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). TGF-β1 decreased the markers of VSMCs, but increased osteogenic markers and calcification in aortic segments. The phosphate-induced osteogenic markers were reduced by the TGFβR I inhibitor (LY364947), which also attenuated the potential of phosphate to reduce VSMC markers in VSMCs. Both phosphate and TGF-β1 increased the protein level of β-catenin, which was partially mitigated by LY364947. TGF-β1 decreased sclerostin, and exogenous sclerostin decreased the mineralization induced by TGF-β1. LY364947 reduced the phosphate and TGF-β1 induced COX-2. Meanwhile, the effects of TGF-β1 on osteogenic markers, β-catenin, and sclerostin, were partially reversed by the COX-2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, we found that p-Smad2/3 and p-CREB were both enriched at the promoter regions of sclerostin and β-catenin. TGF-β1 and COX-2 were significantly elevated in serum and aorta of rats undergoing renal failure. Therapeutic administration of meloxicam effectively ameliorated the renal lesion. Our results suggested that COX-2 may mediate the effect of TGF-β1 on vascular calcification through down-regulating sclerostin in VMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong-Hong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin-Tong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu-Xi Su
- Department of Orthopedic, Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yang LX, Chen FY, Yu HL, Liu PY, Bao XY, Xia SN, Gu Y, Xu Y, Cao X. Poncirin suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial inflammation and ameliorates brain ischemic injury in experimental stroke in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1344. [PMID: 33313089 PMCID: PMC7723616 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Based on accumulating evidence, excessive activation of microglia-mediated inflammatory responses plays an essential role in ischemic stroke. Poncirin (Pon) exerts anti-hyperalgesic, anti-osteoporotic and anti-tumor effects on various diseases. However, the roles of Pon in microglial activation and the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. This study aimed to explore whether Pon inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial neuroinflammation and protects against brain ischemic injury in experimental stroke in mice. Methods Primary microglia cells were prepared from the cerebral cortices of 1- to 2-day-old C57BL/6J mice. Murine BV2 cells and primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and the effects of a non-cytotoxic concentration of Pon on LPS-stimulated pro-inflammatory factors were measured using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Western blot analyses were used for mechanistic studies. In an in vivo study, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Pon (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or the same volume of saline was administered after the MCAO model was established, and the infarct volume was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. We also evaluated animal behaviours, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation in the ischemic hemisphere. Results Pon prevented the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in both BV2 cells and primary microglia stimulated with LPS. The inhibitory effects of Pon were associated with the regulation of the ERK1/2, JNK and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In mice that underwent MCAO, Pon administration decreased the lesion size and improved neurological deficits. Furthermore, Pon attenuated the production of inflammatory cytokines mainly by restraining microglial activation after ischemic stroke. Conclusions Based on the findings from the present study, Pon provides neuroprotection through its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and it may be a useful treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Long Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pin-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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Kuo SW, Su WL, Chou TC. Baicalin improves the survival in endotoxic mice and inhibits the inflammatory responses in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220967767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a severe disease with a high morbidity and mortality. Baicalin, an active compound of Chinese medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qui), exhibits several beneficial effects. In this study, we examined whether administration of baicalin increases the survival in mice with endotoxemia and investigated its anti-inflammatory mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: The production of NOx, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated macrophages or endotoxic mice were determined. The model of severe endotoxic mice was established by injection of LPS (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Results: Baicalin significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Baicalin treatment also markedly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in macrophages. Similarly, the serum concentrations of NOx, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the lung myeloperoxidase activity were greatly reduced in baicalin-treated endotoxic mice. Notably, after LPS injection, the 3-day survival rate of mice treated with pre- or post-administration of baicalin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) remarkably increased to 100% and 90%, respectively compared with LPS-injected alone mice with a survival rate of 0%. Conclusion: Baicalin has a potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages and endotoxic mice. Moreover, treatment with baicalin dramatically increased the survival in the severe septic mice, suggesting that baicalin may be a potential agent for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Kuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Tz-Chong Chou
- China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City
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Monmai C, Rod-in W, Jang AY, Lee SM, Jung SK, You S, Park WJ. Immune-enhancing effects of anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile coupled with arachidonic acid in RAW264.7 cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239422. [PMID: 33031432 PMCID: PMC7544070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an integral constituent of the biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility, which are necessary for the function of all cells, especially nervous system, skeletal muscle, and immune system. Codium species biosynthesize sulfated polysaccharides with very distinct structural features. Some of them have different biological activities with great potential in pharmaceutical applications. In this study, anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile were investigated for their cooperative immune-enhancing activities with ARA. The cooperation between ARA and Codium resulted in increased, dose-dependent nitric oxide production and iNOS gene expression. In addition, co-treatment of ARA and Codium effectively increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), compared with Codium alone. We also demonstrated that the expression of COX-2 mRNA was also increased, which is responsible for the production of inflammatory mediator prostaglandins and their metabolites. Compared to the Codium group, the co-treatment of Codium with ARA enhanced the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p-65, p38, and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, indicating that this combination stimulated immune response through nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. These results indicated that the coordination of arachidonic acid with polysaccharide extracted from seaweed may be a potential source of immunomodulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - A-yeong Jang
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Jung
- Department of Horticulture, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Dejban P, Nikravangolsefid N, Chamanara M, Dehpour A, Rashidian A. The role of medicinal products in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) through inhibition of TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 35:835-845. [PMID: 32929778 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong and recurrent disease of the gastrointestinal tract that afflicts many people in the world. Growing evidence has currently indicated that dysfunction of immune system, particularly toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway dysfunction plays a pivotal part in the pathogenesis of IBD. TLR4 signaling is involved both in the pathogenesis and in the efficacy of treatment of IBD. There are some medicinal products and herbal medicines, which their role in the treatment of IBD through modulation of TLR4 signaling has been implicated. The purpose of this review article is to summarize those medicinal products and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Dejban
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Antifungal drug miconazole ameliorated memory deficits in a mouse model of LPS-induced memory loss through targeting iNOS. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:623. [PMID: 32796824 PMCID: PMC7429861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely related to neuroinflammation, and the increase in inflammatory cytokine generation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the brain of a patient with AD is well known. Excessive cytokines can stimulate iNOS in microglia and astroglia and overproduce nitric oxide, which can be toxic to neurons. The disease–gene–drug network analysis based on the GWAS/OMIM/DEG records showed that miconazole (MCZ) affected AD through interactions with NOS. Inhibiting iNOS can reduce neuroinflammation, thus preventing AD progression. To investigate the prophylactic role of antifungal agent in the AD development, a lipopolysaccharide-induced memory disorder mouse model was used, and cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. MCZ treatment significantly attenuated cognitive impairment, suppressed iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and activation of astrocyte and microglial BV2 cells, as well as reduced cytokine levels in the brains and lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes and microglia BV2 cells. In further mechanism studies, Pull-down assay and iNOS luciferase activity data showed that MCZ binds to iNOS and inhibited transcriptional activity. Our results suggest that MCZ is useful for ameliorating the neuroinflammation-mediated AD progression by blocking iNOS expression.
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47
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Zhao L, Zhang W, Zhang F. Poncirin downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in cisplatin-resistant osteosarcoma cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:278-288. [PMID: 32779800 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Poncirin, a flavanone glycoside with bitter taste extracted from dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate, exhibits multiple biological activities including anti-tumor activity. Our study aimed to determine the effect and potential mechanism of poncirin on cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. CCK-8, flow cytometry analysis, and caspase-3/7 activity assays were used to evaluate cisplatin sensitivity. The expression changes of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway-related proteins were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot analyses. Results showed that poncirin exposure enhanced cisplatin sensitivity, promoted apoptosis, and increased caspase-3/7 activity in cisplatin-resistant OS cells. Poncirin decreased the expression levels of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP, and inhibited the PI3K/Akt signaling in OS cells. Rescue experiments suggested that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling by 740Y-P abolished poncirin-induced expression reduction of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP, and attenuated the facilitative effects of poncirin on cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant OS cells. In summary, poncirin suppressed cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-resistant OS cells by downregulating the expression of MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, China
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48
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Priyathilaka TT, Bathige SDNK, Lee S, Yang H, Jeong T, Lee S, Lee J. Structural and functional analysis of three Iκb kinases (IKK) in disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus): Investigating their role in the innate immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:111-125. [PMID: 32320761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The IκB kinases (IKK) are large multiprotein complexes that regulate the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, and development. To explore the potential roles of invertebrate IKKs on immunity, three IKK encoding genes have been identified from molluscan species disk abalone and designed as AbIKK1, AbIKK2 and AbIKK3 at the transcriptional level. Coding sequences of AbIKK1, AbIKK2 and AbIKK3 encode the peptides of 746, 751 and 713 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 86.16, 86.12 and 81.88 kDa respectively. All three AbIKKs were found to share conserved IKK family features including the kinase superfamily domain (KD), ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), and α-helical scaffold/dimerization domain (SDD), similar to their mammalian counterparts. Under normal physiological conditions, AbIKKs were ubiquitously detected in six different tissues, with the highest abundance in the digestive tract and gills. Temporal transcriptional profiles in abalone hemocytes revealed the induction of AbIKK1, AbIKK2, and AbIKK3 expression following exposure to Gram-negative (Vibrio parahemolyticus) and Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes) bacteria, viruses (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV), LPS, or poly I:C. The overexpression of AbIKKs in HEK293T or RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells induced NF-κB promoter activation independent of stimulation by TNF-α or LPS. Moreover, iNOS and COX2 expression was induced in AbIKK transfected RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and the induced state was maintained post-LPS treatment. Furthermore, mRNA levels of three selected cytokine-encoding genes (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were found to be elevated in abalone IKK overexpressed RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells, both with and without LPS exposure. Overall, our findings demonstrated that AbIKKs identified in this study were positively involved in eliciting innate immune responses in abalone. In addition, the data revealed the presence of an evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism for IKK mediated NF-κB activation in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Sri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (SLINTEC), Nanotechnology and Science Park, Mahenwatta, Pitipana, Homagama, Sri Lanka
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Yang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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Periyannan V, Annamalai V, Veerasamy V. Syringic acid modulates molecular marker-involved cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in DMBA-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma in Syrian hamsters. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22574. [PMID: 32640096 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite, different medicinal phyto compounds giving an inexhaustible variety of anticancer drugs, potent signalling mechanism of leads the key successes of anticancer agent, anti-inflammatory, induction of apoptosis, and antiangiogenic. The current study was conducted to estimate the effect of syringic acid (SA) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, inducing apoptosis and angiogenic signaling pathways in a hamster model by preneoplastic stages, histological, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots analysis. Hamsters were given oral cancer by painting 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 10 weeks. The DMBA-painted hamsters were treated with an effective dose (50 mg/kg body weight) of SA for 14 weeks. The results revealed that oral preadministration of SA to DMBA-treated hamster oral tumorigenesis significantly increased Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspases-3 and -9, and reduced B-cell lymphoma protein 2 and inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-α expression through NF-κB, and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor markers. Taken together, the current study suggests that SA prevents the DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathway via abrogation of the downstream signaling molecules such as COX-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α. This type of preventive strategy based on animal study will offer a means to design chemoprevention trials for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Periyannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Annamalai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
| | - Vinothkumar Veerasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India
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Chun KH, Jin HC, Kang KS, Chang TS, Hwang GS. Poncirin Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss through Down-Regulation of NFATc1 In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:337-343. [PMID: 31500404 PMCID: PMC7327144 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of osteoclast and inactivation of osteoblast result in loss of bone mass with bone resorption, leading to the pathological progression of osteoporosis. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the TNF superfamily, and is a key mediator of osteoclast differentiation. A flavanone glycoside isolated from the fruit of Poncirus trifoliata, poncirin has anti-allergic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities. The present study investigates the effect of poncirin on osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. We observed reduced formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (a morphological feature of osteoclasts) after poncirin exposure. Real-time qPCR analysis showed suppression of the RANKL-mediated induction of key osteoclastogenic molecules such as NFATc1, TRAP, c-Fos, MMP9 and cathepsin K after poncirin treatment. Poncirin also inhibited the RANKL-mediated activation of NF-κB and, notably, JNK, without changes in ERK and p38 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of poncirin in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion model. Evaluating the micro-CT of femurs revealed that bone erosion in poncirin treated mice was markedly attenuated. Our results indicate that poncirin exerts anti-osteoclastic effects in vitro and in vivo by suppressing osteoclast differentiation. We believe that poncirin is a promising candidate for inflammatory bone loss therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jin
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Shin Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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