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Park JU, Yang SY, Guo RH, Li HX, Kim YH, Kim YR. Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Dendropanax morbiferus and Its Active Components via Protein Kinase A/Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Responsive Binding Protein- and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Downregulation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:507. [PMID: 32390848 PMCID: PMC7191003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendropanax morbiferus H. Lév has been reported to have some pharmacologic activities and also interested in functional cosmetics. We found that the water extract of D. morbiferus leaves significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced B16-F10 cells. D. morbiferus reduced melanogenesis-related protein levels, such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), TRP-1, and TRP-2, without any cytotoxicity. Two active ingredients of D. morbiferus, (10E)-9,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-10,17-dien-12,14-diynoate (DMW-1) and (10E)-(-)-10,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diyne-1,9,16-triol (DMW-2) were identified by testing the anti-melanogenic effects and then by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. DMW-1 and DMW-2 significantly inhibited melanogenesis by the suppression of protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive binding protein (CREB) and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. DMW-1 showed a better inhibitory effect than DMW-2 in α-MSH-induced B16-F10 cells. D. morbiferus and its active component DMW-1 inhibited melanogenesis through the downregulation of cAMP, p-PKA/CREB, p-p38, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. These results indicate that D. morbiferus and DMW-1 may be useful ingredients for cosmetics and therapeutic agents for skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Up Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rui Hong Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hong Xu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Ran Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Li Y, Huang J, Lu J, Ding Y, Jiang L, Hu S, Chen J, Zeng Q. The role and mechanism of Asian medicinal plants in treating skin pigmentary disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112173. [PMID: 31445129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chloasma, senile plaques, vitiligo and other pigmentary disorders seriously affect patients' appearance and life quality. Medicinal plant is the product of long-term medical practice worldwide, with the advantages of outstanding curative properties and less side effects. Recently, research were made to explore the value of medicinal plants in the treatment of pigmentary disorders, and remarkable results were achieved. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review outlines the current understanding of the role and potential mechanisms of medicinal plants (including active ingredients, extracts and prescriptions) in pigmentary disorders, especially Chinese medicinal plants, provides the preclinical evidence for the clinical benefits. This study hopes to provide comprehensive information and reliable basis for exploring new therapeutic strategies of plant drugs in the treatment of skin pigmented diseases. METHODS The literature information was obtained from the scientific databases (up to Oct, 2017), mainly from the PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI databases, and was to identify the experimental studies on the regulating melanogenesis role of the active agents from herbal medicine and the involved mechanisms. The search keywords for such work included: "pigmentary" or "pigmentation", "melanogenesis", and "traditional Chinese medicine" or "Chinese herbal medicine", "herb", "medicinal plant". RESULTS We summarized the function of medicinal plants involved in melanogenesis, especially Chinese medicine. It was reported that the active ingredients, extracts, or prescriptions of medicinal plants can regulate the expression of genes related to melanogenesis by affecting the signaling pathways such as MAPK and PKA, thereby regulating pigment synthesis. Some of them can promote melanogenesis (such as isoliquiritigenin, geniposide; Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.; the Bairesi complex prescription, etc.). While others have the opposite effect (such as biochanin A, Gomisin N; Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Nardostachys chinensis Bat.; Sanbaitang, etc.). CONCLUSION Asian medicinal plants, especially their active ingredients, have multilevel effects on melanogenesis by regulating melanogenesis-related genes or signaling pathways. They are of great clinical value for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders. However, the experimental effect, safety, and functional mechanism of the medicinal plants require further determination before studying their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Yufang Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Shuanghai Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
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Lal RK, Chanotiya CS, Singh VR, Dhawan SS, Gupta P, Shukla S, Mishra A. Induced polygenic variations through γ-rays irradiation and selection of novel genotype in chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert). Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1242-1250. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishori Lal
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ved Ram Singh
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunita Singh Dhawan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Pankhuri Gupta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Shama Shukla
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Mishra
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR-Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Suleimen YМ, Van Hecke K, Ibatayev ZA, Iskakova ZB, Akatan K, Martins CHG, Silva TS. Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of Matricaria Ester Isolated from Tripleurospermum Inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang J, Xie Y, Zhao S, Zhang J, Chai Y, Li Y, Liao X. Dengzhanxixin injection for cerebral infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7674. [PMID: 28796050 PMCID: PMC5556216 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No systematic review has been published in English of Dengzhanxixin (DZXX) injection for cerebral infarction. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects and safety of DZXX injection for cerebral infarction. METHODS Eight databases were searched from their inception. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to DZXX for cerebral infarction in English or Chinese without restrictions on the publication status were included. Neurological deficit, quality of life, and response rates were analyzed. Adverse events were also investigated. RESULTS Twenty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2291 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that DZXX injection plus routine western therapy was better than routine western therapy alone for reducing neurologic deficit (MD -2.86, 95% CI -3.87 to -1.86), for improving quality of life (MD 9.48, 95% CI 8.34-10.63), and for improving response rates (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.25). No serious adverse drug events (ADE) were reported. CONCLUSIONS DZXX injection may have a potential therapeutic effect for cerebral infarction in reducing neurologic deficit, improving life quality and response rates. However, we could not draw any definitive conclusions due to the insufficient evidences. More high-quality trials are needed to provide more strong evidence and to assess the safety of DZXX injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Yanming Xie
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | | | - Jiangsong Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine
| | - Xing Liao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine
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6
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Singh BK, Park SH, Lee HB, Goo YA, Kim HS, Cho SH, Lee JH, Ahn GW, Kim JP, Kang SM, Kim EK. Kojic Acid Peptide: A New Compound with Anti-Tyrosinase Potential. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:555-561. [PMID: 27746633 PMCID: PMC5064183 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.5.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kojic acid was used for decades in the cosmetic industry as an antimelanogenic agent. However, there are two major drawbacks of Kojic acid, one is cytotoxicity and second are instability on storage. These limitations led the scientist to synthesize the active Kojic acid peptides. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we synthesize and investigate the effect of five Kojic acid peptides to overcome the limitation of Kojic acid. METHODS The peptide was analyzed and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy. Further, the tyrosinase activities of the Kojic acid and Kojic acid peptides were compared. The toxicity was measured and the melanin content is recorded in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. RESULTS Maximum tyrosinase activity was measured by Kojic acid peptides. Therefore, Kojic acid peptides were subjected to melanin assay and cytotoxicity assay and finally the stability of the Kojic acid peptide was measured. CONCLUSION It was observed that this newly synthesized Kojic acid peptide is stable and potent to inhibit the tyrosinase activity and melanin content of B16F10 mouse melanoma cells without exhibiting cell toxicity. Together, these preliminary results suggest that a further exploration is being needed to establish Kojic acid peptide as antimelanogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seok Hoon Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyang-Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Aae Goo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Shik Kim
- Anti-Ageing Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Cho
- Anti-Ageing Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- Anti-Ageing Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Eun-Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Móricz ÁM, Ott PG, Häbe TT, Darcsi A, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Krüzselyi D, Csontos P, Béni S, Morlock GE. Effect-Directed Discovery of Bioactive Compounds Followed by Highly Targeted Characterization, Isolation and Identification, Exemplarily Shown for Solidago virgaurea. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes M. Móricz
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tim T. Häbe
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - András Darcsi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői
Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center (IFZ) and Institute of Nutritional Science, Department
of Food Sciences, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring
26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Lee TH, Kang JH, Seo JO, Baek SH, Moh SH, Chae JK, Park YU, Ko YT, Kim SY. Anti-Melanogenic Potentials of Nanoparticles from Calli of Resveratrol-Enriched Rice against UVB-Induced Hyperpigmentation in Guinea Pig Skin. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:85-93. [PMID: 26759706 PMCID: PMC4703357 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We already reported that genetically engineered resveratrol-enriched rice (RR) showed to down-regulate skin melanogenesis. To be developed to increase the bioactivity of RR using calli from plants, RR was adopted for mass production using plant tissue culture technologies. In addition, high-pressure homogenization (HPH) was used to increase the biocompatibility and penetration of the calli from RR into the skin. We aimed to develop anti-melanogenic agents incorporating calli of RR (cRR) and nanoparticles by high-pressure homogenization, examining the synergistic effects on the inhibition of UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. Depigmentation was observed following topical application of micro-cRR, nano-calli of normal rice (cNR), and nano-cRR to ultraviolet B (UVB)-stimulated hyperpigmented guinea pig dorsal skin. Colorimetric analysis, tyrosinase immunostaining, and Fontana-Masson staining for UVB-promoted melanin were performed. Nano-cRR inhibited changes in the melanin color index caused by UVB-promoted hyperpigmentation, and demonstrated stronger anti-melanogenic potential than micro-cRR. In epidermal skin, nano-cRR repressed UVB-promoted melanin granules, thereby suppressing hyperpigmentation. The UVB-enhanced, highly expressed tyrosinase in the basal layer of the epidermis was inhibited by nano-cRR more prominently than by micro-cRR and nano-cNR. The anti-melanogenic potency of nano-cRR also depended on pH and particle size. Nano-cRR shows promising potential to regulate skin pigmentation following UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ok Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Baek
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Iksan 54663, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Anti-aging Research Institute, BIO-FD&C Co., LTD, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoung Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Un Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tag Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Inchon 21565, Republic of Korea; Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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9
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Morya VK, Dung NH, Singh BK, Lee HB, Kim EK. Homology modelling and virtual screening of P-protein in a quest for novel antimelanogenic agent and in vitro assessments. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:838-42. [PMID: 25236473 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An adequate knowledge on molecular mechanism of melanogenesis provides an opportunity to find the novel molecular targets for the discovery and development of new cosmetics. Among various genes, the OCA2 is being essential for proper melanin synthesis, and mutation or deletion of this gene leads to oculocutaneous albinism type 2. Thus, for this study, the product of this gene, that is P-protein, was targeted in quest for novel inhibitors as antimelanogenic agents. Based on pattern search of amino acid sequence and homology analysis, the protein structure was modelled. The role of this protein has been predicted as a tyrosine transporter of melanosomes. Thus, the molecular library was generated on the basis of tyrosine transporter inhibitor. Based on the dock score, 20 molecules have been considered as putative inhibitors for P-protein. Among these compounds, five molecules (compound #1, #4, #8, #13 and #17) were found to be quite effective as antimelanogenic without having any toxicity. Further investigations to establish the mechanism of action, the indirect methods such as tyrosinase assay, analysis for eumelanin and pheomelanins and investigation of mRNA levels were being carried out. The results from the studies offered a new lead in antimelanogenic therapy and may be very useful for further optimization work in developing them as novel depigmenting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Morya
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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10
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Unrevealing the role of P-protein on melanosome biology and structure, using siRNA-mediated down regulation of OCA2. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:61-71. [PMID: 25656818 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The pink-eyed dilution protein (P-protein) plays a critical role in melanin synthesis in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Mutation in this protein may cause complete or partial albinism. Role of the P-protein ranges in melanin synthesis to maturation and trafficking of the melanosomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of P-protein inhibition on melanosome biology by comparing the shape, size, count, and types of melanosomes in melan-a melanocytes. The cells were extensively examined by the transmission electron microscopy. The P-protein inhibition was carried by P-protein-siRNA transfection to melan-a melanocytes, B16F10 mouse melanoma, and melan-p1 cells. Measurement of melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase, and different tyrosinase related proteins were also determined to investigate the effect of P-protein siRNA transfection on melanocytes. Results suggested that the inhibition of P-protein can significantly change the melanosomal morphology, types and their respective numbers, and provided a novel strategy for the control of melanin synthesis.
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Kim JH, Jeong SC, Hwang JS, Lee ES, Lee SM. Modulation of Melanin Synthesis by Rengyolone Isolated from the Root ofEurya emarginatain Melan-a Cells. Phytother Res 2013; 28:940-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Herbal Skin Care; Daegu Haany University; Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-715 Korea
| | - Sang Chul Jeong
- HK BIO, Business Incubator; Daegu Haany University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 712-715 Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering; Kyunghee University; Yongin 446-701 Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Herbal Skin Care; Daegu Haany University; Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-715 Korea
| | - Sang Myung Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corp. Central Research Institute; Daejeon 305-805 Korea
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Haritos VS, Horne I, Damcevski K, Glover K, Gibb N, Okada S, Hamberg M. The convergent evolution of defensive polyacetylenic fatty acid biosynthesis genes in soldier beetles. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1150. [PMID: 23093187 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The defensive and bioactive polyacetylenic fatty acid, 8Z-dihydromatricaria acid, is sequestered within a wide range of organisms, including plants, fungi and soldier beetles. The 8Z-dihydromatricaria acid is concentrated in the defence and accessory glands of soldier beetles to repel avian predators and protect eggs. In eukaryotes, acetylenic modifications of fatty acids are catalysed by acetylenases, which are desaturase-like enzymes that act on existing double bonds. Here we obtained acyl Coenzyme A-linked desaturases from soldier beetle RNA and functionally expressed them in yeast. We show that three genes were sufficient for the conversion of a common monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, to the 18 carbon precursor of 8Z-dihydromatricaria acid, that is, 9Z,16Z-octadecadiene-12,14-diynoic acid. These are the first eukaryotic genes reported to produce conjugated polyacetylenic fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the genes responsible for 8Z-dihydromatricaria acid synthesis in soldier beetles evolved de novo and independently of the acetylenases of plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S Haritos
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
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Abstract
Melanogenesis is a biosynthetic pathway for the formation of the pigment melanin in human skin. A key enzyme, tyrosinase, catalyzes the first and only rate-limiting steps in melanogenesis, and the down-regulation of enzyme activity is the most reported method for the inhibition of melanogenesis. Because of the cosmetically important issue of hyperpigmentation, there is a big demand for melanogenesis inhibitors. This encourages researchers to seek potent melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmetic uses. This article reviews melanogenesis inhibitors that have been recently discovered from natural sources. The reaction mechanisms of the inhibitors on tyrosinase activity are also discussed.
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Queiroz SCN, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Wedge DE, Nandula VK, Moraes RM, Cerdeira AL. Bioassay-directed isolation and identification of phytotoxic and fungitoxic acetylenes from Conyza canadensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:5893-8. [PMID: 22612410 DOI: 10.1021/jf3010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist syn. (horseweed) is a problematic and invasive weed with reported allelopathic properties. To identify the phytotoxic constituents of the aerial parts, a systematic bioactivity-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed. Three active enyne derivatives, (2Z,8Z)-matricaria acid methyl ester, (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone, and (4Z)-lachnophyllum lactone, were identified. The lactones inhibited growth of the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) and the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) at 1 mg mL(-1), while the (2Z,8Z)-matricaria acid methyl ester was less active. In a dose-response screening of the lactones for growth inhibitory activity against Lemna paucicostata , (4Z)-lachnophyllum lactone was the most active with an IC50 of 104 μM, while the (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone was less active (IC50 of 220 μM). In a fungal direct bioautography assay, the two lactones at 10 and 100 μg/spot inhibited growth of the plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum , Colletotrichum fragariae , and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides . In a dose-response screening of the lactones against six different plant pathogenic fungi, (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone was more active than the commercial fungicide azoxystrobin on Col. acutatum , Col. fragariae , and Col. gloeosporioides at 30 μM and about as active as the commercial fungicide captan against Col. gloeosporioides , while (4Z)-lachnophyllum lactone was less active.
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Melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effects of calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside isolated from astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus). Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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A stimulatory effect of Cassia occidentalis on melanoblast differentiation and migration. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:211-6. [PMID: 21328088 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitiligo, the active melanocytes in the epidermis are totally missing, whereas melanoblast cells in the outer root sheath of hair follicles are not affected. In an attempt to find potent repigmenting agents for vitiligo therapy, pod extracts of Cassia occidentalis was found to be effective in inducing differentiation and migration of mouse melanoblast cell line. Methanolic extract redissolved in DMSO at 12.5 μg/ml was found to cause 3.5- to 3.8-fold melanin induction in melb-a melanoblast cells after 4 days in treatment medium. In addition it induced the tyrosinase activity and altered melb-a cell morphology. Transwell migration assay showed the potential of this herbal candidate to induce direct migration of treated cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the effect of Cassia occidentalis on the differentiation and migration of melanoblast cells. The findings of present study are significant in designing preclinical and clinical studies on the efficacy of C. occidentalis as a stimulant for skin repigmentation in vitiligo.
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Potential of Cassia alata leaf extract in inducing differentiation and migration of mouse melanoblasts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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AlGhamdi K, Kumar A. Depigmentation therapies for normal skin in vitiligo universalis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:749-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Smit N, Vicanova J, Pavel S. The hunt for natural skin whitening agents. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5326-5349. [PMID: 20054473 PMCID: PMC2801997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin whitening products are commercially available for cosmetic purposes in order to obtain a lighter skin appearance. They are also utilized for clinical treatment of pigmentary disorders such as melasma or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Whitening agents act at various levels of melanin production in the skin. Many of them are known as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Others inhibit the maturation of this enzyme or the transport of pigment granules (melanosomes) from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes. In this review we present an overview of (natural) whitening products that may decrease skin pigmentation by their interference with the pigmentary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Smit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, room L02-56, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +31-71-5264870; Fax: +31-71-5266753
| | | | - Stan Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
(S.P.)
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