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Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang K, Lu D, Meng F, Xu D, Li W, Nan Y. The Role and Mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba in Tumor Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:1424. [PMID: 38611704 PMCID: PMC11012976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors have a huge impact on human life and are now the main cause of disease-related deaths. The main means of treatment are surgery and radiotherapy, but they are more damaging to the organism and have a poor postoperative prognosis. Therefore, we urgently need safe and effective drugs to treat tumors. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used in tumor therapy as complementary and alternative therapies. Medicinal and edible herbs are popular and have become a hot topic of research, which not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities, but also have almost no side effects. Therefore, as a typical medicine and food homology, some components of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called Baishao in China) have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer. Numerous studies have also shown that Paeoniae Radix Alba and its active ingredients treat cancer through various pathways and are also one of the important components of many antitumor herbal compound formulas. In this paper, we reviewed the literature on the intervention of Paeoniae Radix Alba in tumors and its mechanism of action in recent years and found that there is a large amount of literature on its effect on total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and paeoniflorin (PF), as well as an in-depth discussion of the mechanism of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba and its main constituents, with a view to promote the clinical development and application of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the field of antitumor management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Doudou Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duojie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Chinese Medical Gastrointestinal, The Affiliated TCM Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong 751100, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Man Wu R, Wang CY, Wang J, Xu XL. Promoting reverse cholesterol transport contributes to the amelioration of atherosclerosis by paeoniflorin. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 961:176137. [PMID: 37939989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) offers a practical approach to mitigating atherosclerosis. Paeoniflorin, a monoterpenoid glycoside found in plants of the Paeoniaceae family, has shown various effects on cardiovascular and liver diseases. Nevertheless, its impact on atherosclerosis in vivo remains poorly understood. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of paeoniflorin on atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and explore the underlying mechanisms, with a specific focus on its modulation of RCT. ApoE-/- mice were continuously administered paeoniflorin by gavage for three months. We assessed lipid parameters in serum and examined pathological changes and gene expressions related to RCT pathways in the aorta, liver, and intestine. In an in vitro study, we utilized RAW264.7 macrophages to investigate the inhibitory effect of paeoniflorin on foam cell formation and its potential to promote RCT. The results revealed that paeoniflorin reduced atherosclerosis, alleviated hyperlipidemia, and mitigated hepatic steatosis. Paeoniflorin may promote RCT by stimulating cholesterol efflux from macrophages via the liver X receptor alpha pathway, enhancing serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels, and regulating key genes in hepatic and intestinal RCT. Additionally, treatment ApoE-/- mice with paeoniflorin suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes, including CD68, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and mitigated oxidative stress in both the aorta and liver. Our results indicated that paeoniflorin has the potential to be a more effective and safer treatment for atherosclerosis, thanks to its promotion of RCT and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Man Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chun Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiao Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Natural compounds against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A review on the involvement of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5769-5786. [PMID: 37748097 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although various therapeutic approaches are used to manage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the best approach to NAFLD management is unclear. NAFLD is a liver disorder associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. NAFLD progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Hepatic kinase B1 (LKB1) is an upstream kinase of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator in hepatic lipid metabolism. Activation of LKB1/AMPK inhibits fatty acid synthesis, increases mitochondrial β-oxidation, decreases the expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes, improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and suppresses NAFLD progression. One potential opening for new and safe chemicals that can tackle the NAFLD pathogenesis through the LKB1-AMPK pathway includes natural bioactive compounds. Accordingly, we summarized in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the effect of natural bioactive compounds such as a few members of the polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and some natural extracts on NAFLD through the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. This manuscript may shed light on the way to finding a new therapeutic agent for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mahdiani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li X, Sun C, Zhang J, Hu L, Yu Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Chen J, Wu M, Liu L. Protective effects of paeoniflorin on cardiovascular diseases: A pharmacological and mechanistic overview. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122969. [PMID: 37324475 PMCID: PMC10267833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and ethnopharmacological relevance: The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the highest of all diseases, necessitating the search for effective drugs and the improvement of prognosis for CVD patients. Paeoniflorin (5beta-[(Benzoyloxy)methyl] tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,5-methano-1H-3,4-dioxacyclobuta [cd] pentalen-1alpha (2H)-yl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, C23H28O11) is mostly derived from the plants of the family Paeoniaceae (a single genus family) and is known to possess multiple pharmacological properties in the treatment of CVDs, making it a promising agent for the protection of the cardiovascular system. Aim of the study: This review evaluates the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of paeoniflorin in the treatment of CVDs, with the aim of advancing its further development and application. Methods: Various relevant literatures were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science. All eligible studies were analyzed and summarized in this review. Results: Paeoniflorin is a natural drug with great potential for development, which can protect the cardiovascular system by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-arteriosclerotic activities, improving cardiac function, and inhibiting cardiac remodeling. However, paeoniflorin was found to have low bioavailability, and its toxicology and safety must be further studied and analyzed, and clinical studies related to it must be carried out. Conclusion: Before paeoniflorin can be used as an effective therapeutic drug for CVDs, further in-depth experimental research, clinical trials, and structural modifications or development of new preparations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lanqing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zou H, Gong Y, Ye H, Yuan C, Li T, Zhang J, Ren L. Dietary regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154904. [PMID: 37267691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a class of ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, members of the type nuclear receptor superfamily, with three subtypes, namely PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. In the past decades, a large number of studies have shown that natural products can act by regulating metabolic pathways mediated by PPARs. PURPOSE This work summarizes the physiological importance and clinical significance of PPARs and reviews the experimental evidence that natural products mediate metabolic syndrome via PPARs. METHODS This study reviews relevant literature on clinical trials, epidemiology, animals, and cell cultures published in NCBI PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases from 2001 to October 2022. Search keywords were "natural product" OR "botanical" OR "phytochemical" AND "PPAR" as well as free text words. RESULTS The modulatory involvement of PPARs in the metabolic syndrome has been supported by prior research. It has been observed that many natural products can treat metabolic syndrome by altering PPARs. The majority of currently described natural compounds are mild PPAR-selective agonists with therapeutic effects that are equivalent to synthetic medicines but less harmful adverse effects. CONCLUSION PPAR agonists can be combined with natural products to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome. Further human investigations are required because it is unknown how natural products cause harm and how they might have negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Kagawa S, Tanabe K, Hiromura M, Ogawa K, Koga T, Maeda T, Amo-Shiinoki K, Ochi H, Ichiki Y, Fukuyama S, Suzuki S, Suizu N, Ohmine T, Hamachi S, Tsuneki H, Okuya S, Sasaoka T, Tanizawa Y, Nagashima F. Hachimijiogan, a traditional herbal medicine, modulates adipose cell function and ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1167934. [PMID: 37251332 PMCID: PMC10217779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1167934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hachimijiogan (HJG) has originally been used to ameliorate a variety of symptoms associated with low ambient temperatures. However, its pharmacological action in metabolic organs remains unclear. We hypothesized that HJG may modulate metabolic function and have a potential therapeutic application to metabolic diseases. To test this hypothesis, we investigated metabolic action of HJG in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice chronically administered with HJG showed a reduction in adipocyte size with increased transcription of beige adipocyte-related genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. HJG-mixed high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed alleviation of HFD-induced weight gain, adipocyte hypertrophy, liver steatosis with a significant reduction in circulating leptin and Fibroblast growth factor 21 despite no changes in food intake or oxygen consumption. Feeding an HJG-mixed HFD following 4-weeks of HFD feeding, while a limited effect on body weight, improved insulin sensitivity with a reversal of decreased circulating adiponectin. In addition, HJG improved insulin sensitivity in the leptin-deficient mice without significant effects on body weight. Treatment with n-butanol soluble extracts of HJG potentiated transcription of Uncoupling protein 1 mediated by β3-adrenergic agonism in 3T3L1 adipocytes. These findings provide evidence that HJG modulates adipocyte function and may exert preventive or therapeutic effects against obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Kagawa
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiromura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biochemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kakuyou Ogawa
- Department of Natural Medicine, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Koga
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ochi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Ichiki
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Fukuyama
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Suizu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ohmine
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sakurako Hamachi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okuya
- Health Administration Centre, Organisation for University Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Nagashima
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
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Natural Monoterpenes as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032429. [PMID: 36768748 PMCID: PMC9917110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines based on natural products play a pivotal role in preventing and managing atherosclerotic diseases, which are among the leading causes of death globally. Monoterpenes are a large class of naturally occurring compounds commonly found in many aromatic and medicinal plants. Emerging evidence has shown that monoterpenes have many biological properties, including cardioprotective effects. Remarkably, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of natural monoterpenes to protect against the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These findings shed light on developing novel effective antiatherogenic drugs from these compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of natural monoterpenes' effects on atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Monoterpenes have pleiotropic and multitargeted pharmacological properties by interacting with various cell types and intracellular molecular pathways involved in atherogenesis. These properties confer remarkable advantages in managing atherosclerosis, which has been recognized as a multifaceted vascular disease. We also discuss limitations in the potential clinical application of monoterpenes as therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis. We propose perspectives to give new insights into future preclinical research and clinical practice regarding natural monoterpenes.
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Terpenoids: Natural Compounds for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010272. [PMID: 36615471 PMCID: PMC9822439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have been the most productive source for the development of drugs. Terpenoids are a class of natural active products with a wide range of pharmacological activities and therapeutic effects, which can be used to treat a variety of diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a common metabolic disorder worldwide, results in a health burden and economic problems. A literature search was conducted to obtain information relevant to the treatment of NAFLD with terpenoids using electronic databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Springer, for the period 2011-2021. In total, we found 43 terpenoids used in the treatment of NAFLD. Over a dozen terpenoid compounds of natural origin were classified into five categories according to their structure: monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and tetraterpenoids. We found that terpenoids play a therapeutic role in NAFLD, mainly by regulating lipid metabolism disorder, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The AMPK, PPARs, Nrf-2, and SIRT 1 pathways are the main targets for terpenoid treatment. Terpenoids are promising drugs and will potentially create more opportunities for the treatment of NAFLD. However, current studies are restricted to animal and cell experiments, with a lack of clinical research and systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In the future, we should further enrich the research on the mechanism of terpenoids, and carry out SAR studies and clinical research, which will increase the likelihood of breakthrough insights in the field.
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Yu W, Ilyas I, Hu X, Xu S, Yu H. Therapeutic potential of paeoniflorin in atherosclerosis: A cellular action and mechanism-based perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072007. [PMID: 36618414 PMCID: PMC9811007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that the incidence, prevalence and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are increasing globally. Atherosclerosis is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease which involves inflammation and immune dysfunction. P. lactiflora Pall. is a plant origin traditional medicine that has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases for more than a millennium in China, Japan and Korean. Paeoniflorin is a bioactive monomer extracted from P. lactiflora Pall. with anti-atherosclerosis effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed the potential therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism whereby paeoniflorin protects against atherosclerosis from the unique angle of inflammation and immune-related pathway dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, platelets and mast cells. Paeoniflorin, with multiple protective effects in atherosclerosis, has the potential to be used as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and its complications. We conclude with a detailed discussion of the challenges and future perspective of paeoniflorin in translational cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China,Center for Drug Research and Development, Anhui Renovo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Center for Drug Research and Development, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interfacial Controlling Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hui Yu,
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Paeoniflorin Inhibits LPS-Induced Activation of Splenic CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Relieves Pathological Symptoms in MRL/lpr Mice by Suppressing IRAK1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5161890. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5161890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) plays a critical role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was reported that SLE was associated with an inflammatory response mediated by defective immune tolerance, including overproduction of autoantibodies, chronic inflammation, and organ damage. Previous reports stated paeoniflorin (PF) had an immunosuppressive effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of PF in SLE and its underlying mechanisms. Followed by induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the splenocytes and the isolated CD4+ T lymphocytes of MRL/lpr mice were divided into three groups: control group, LPS group, and LPS + PF group, respectively. MRL/MP mice were used as the control group (treated with distilled water). The MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into three groups: the model group (treated with distilled water), the prednisone group, and the PF group. The MRL/lpr mice were treated with prednisone acetate (5 mg/kg) and PF (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Subsequently, ELISA, qRT-PCR, western blotting, HE, and Masson staining were performed to detect various indicators. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) showed that 10 μg/mL of LPS had the optimum effect on cell viability, and 50 μmol/L of PF had no obvious cytotoxicity to LPS-treated cells. PF reduced the expression level of IRAK1-nuclearfactor-κB (NF-κB) and its downstream inflammatory cytokines in the splenocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes of MRL/lpr mice stimulated by LPS, especially in the latter. The serum antibody contents in the PF group mice were reduced, and the kidney damage was also alleviated accordingly. Moreover, the IRAK1/inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB inhibitor (IκB)/NF-κB pathways was found to be involved in the anti-inflammation effect of PF in the kidney and spleen. In conclusion, it is thought that PF may have the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce the inflammatory activity of SLE. Inhibition of the IRAK1-NF-κB pathway may help formulate novel therapeutic tactics for SLE.
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Shi K, Zhang Q, Hou J, Zhang Y, Bi Y, Wang X. Evaluation of LiangXue JieDu Therapy in Combination With Western Medicine for Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: A Systematic Review and meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905215. [PMID: 35903334 PMCID: PMC9315310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the efficacy of LiangXue JieDu (LXJD) therapy in combination with Western medicine (WM) for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Methods: Articles on randomized controlled trials of LXJD therapy for ACLF were obtained from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, and China Biology Medicine databases, with the search range from database inception to March 2022. We evaluated the quality of data from these articles using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Evaluation indicators were total effective rate, mortality rate, complications, liver and coagulation function, and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score. We then calculated the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous variables and mean difference (MD) for continuous variables with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis included 18 studies with moderate quality and totaling 1,609 patients. Compared with WM alone, LXJD therapy plus WM improved total effective rate [RR = 1.34, 95% CI: (1.24, 1.45)], while reducing mortality rate [RR = 0.54, 95% CI: (0.42, 0.70)] and complications [RR = 0.43, 95% CI: (0.26, 0.71)]. The combined treatment also improved prothrombin activity [MD = 1.30, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.59)], prothrombin time [MD = −0.90, 95% CI: (−1.40, −0.39)], international normalized ratio [MD = −0.59, 95% CI: (−0.93, −0.25)], alanine aminotransferase [MD = −0.92, 95% CI: (−1.30, −0.55)], aspartate aminotransferase [MD = −0.57, 95% CI: (−0.93, −0.21)], total bilirubin [MD = −1.07, 95% CI: (−1.38, −0.76)], and TCM syndrome score [MD = −1.70; 95% CI: (−2.03, −1.37)]. Conclusions: This study suggests that LXJD therapy plus WM can significantly improves ACLF clinical symptoms and short-term outcomes. However, more high-quality trials are required to confirm the efficacy of LXJD therapy.
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Zhang W, Lin H, Cheng W, Huang Z, Zhang W. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Plant-Based Monoterpenoids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4839-4859. [PMID: 35436113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of plant active ingredients against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly prominent, and the terpenoids have always been the main active compounds in Chinese herbal medicine exerting hepatoprotective effects. However, the related pharmacological effects, especially for monoterpenoids or iridoid glycosides, which have obvious effects on improvement of NAFLD, have not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this review is to systematically examine the molecular mechanisms of monoterpenoids in NAFLD. The signaling pathways of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, insulin, nuclear factor κB, toll-like receptor, adipocytokine, RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, and autophagy have been proven to mediate this protective effect. We further compared the experimental data from animal models, including the dosage of these monoterpenoids in detail, and demonstrated that they are effective and safe candidate drugs for NAFLD. This review provides a reference for the development of NAFLD drugs as well as a research guideline for the potential uses of plant monoterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
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The combination of four main components in Xuebijing injection improved the preventive effects of Cyclosporin A in acute graft-versus-host disease mice by protecting intestinal microenvironment. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Chen Q, Li C, Tao E, Asakawa T, Zhang Y. Exploration of a Brain-Liver-Communication-Related Mechanism Involved in the Experimental Perimenopausal Depression Rat Model using Chaihu-Shugan-San. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1354-1368. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Sabir U, Irfan HM, Alamgeer, Ullah A, Althobaiti YS, Asim MH. Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Ballooning and Insulin Resistance After Therapy with Safranal in NAFLD Animal Model: A New Approach. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1293-1316. [PMID: 35241921 PMCID: PMC8886028 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s354878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Xu Y, He H, Li P, Liu H. Paeoniflorin inhibits proliferation and promotes autophagy and apoptosis of sweat gland cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:53. [PMID: 34934430 PMCID: PMC8652401 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Axillary bromhidrosis is sweat excreted by apocrine glands in the armpits, mouth corners and other parts. The clinical manifestation includes excessive sweating and heavy odor, leading to the growth of bacteria and skin disease. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the effect of paeoniflorin (PF) in the treatment of bromhidrosis. PF was injected into the feet of rats, and the foot skin was dissected for histological analysis. Primary human sweat gland cells (hSGCs) were isolated from patients with bromhidrosis. After 24 h treatment with PF or 3-methyladenine, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle distribution were determined. PF induced nuclear pyknosis in rat SGCs. In vitro PF treatment inhibited cell proliferation with a 25% inhibitory concentration of 9.530 µM. Treatment with 9.530 µM PF for 24 h significantly increased apoptosis, ROS production and autophagy in hSGCs. PF promoted LC3B and Beclin 1 expression, but inhibited p62, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K and p-Akt expression. 3-methyladenine treatment reversed PF-induced changes in hSGCs. PF-induced inhibition of hSGC proliferation was associated with ROS production, apoptosis, and autophagy. These findings provide a basis for treating bromhidrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hong He
- Health Care and Physical Examination Center, The First Affliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Luo Z, Liu Y, Han X, Yang W, Wang G, Wang J, Jiang X, Sen M, Li X, Yu G, Shi Y. Mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba in the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Sequential Metabolites Identification Approach, Network Pharmacology, and Binding Affinity Measurement. Front Nutr 2021; 8:677659. [PMID: 34604271 PMCID: PMC8481579 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.677659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening functional food ingredients (FFI) from medicinal and edible plants (MEP) has still remained a great challenge due to the complexity of MEP and its obscure function mechanisms. Herein, an integrated strategy based on sequential metabolites identification approach, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was proposed for quickly identifying the active constituents in MEP. First, the sequential biotransformation process of MEP, including intestinal absorption and metabolism, and hepatic metabolism, was investigated by oral gavage, and intestinal perfusion with venous sampling method. Then the blood samples were analyzed by UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. Second, the network pharmacology approach was used to explore the potential targets and possible mechanisms of the in vivo metabolites of MEP. Third, molecular docking and SPR approaches were used to verify the specific interactions between protein targets and representative ingredients. The proposed integrated strategy was successfully used to explore the heptoprotective components and the underlying molecular mechanism of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA). A total of 44 compounds were identified in blood samples, including 17 porotypes and 27 metabolites. The associated metabolic pathways were oxidation, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. After further screening, 31 bioactive candidates and 377 related targets were obtained. In addition, the bioactive components contained in PRA may have therapeutic potentials for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The above results demonstrated the proposed strategy may provide a feasible tool for screening FFI and elaborating the complex function mechanisms of MEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenning Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guopeng Wang
- Zhongcai Health (Beijing) Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muli Sen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Chen L, Kan J, Zheng N, Li B, Hong Y, Yan J, Tao X, Wu G, Ma J, Zhu W, Sheng L, Chen L, Li B, Zhong J, Du J, Li H. A botanical dietary supplement from white peony and licorice attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota and reducing inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153693. [PMID: 34403877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-related metabolic disease that is highly associated with gut dysbiosis and inflammation. A botanical dietary supplement, mainly containing an herbal pair of white peony root and licorice as well as grape seeds and broccoli extracts (WLT), exerts auxiliary protection against chemical liver injury. However, it is unclear whether WLT protects against the development of NAFLD induced by a high energy diet. PURPOSE To investigate the protective role of WLT against NAFLD development induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and its mechanism of action. METHODS We investigated the anti-NAFLD effects of WLT on a HFHS diet-induced NAFLD C57BL/6J mouse model by detecting the hepatic triglyceride (TG) level, performing histological examination of the liver tissue, and evaluating glucose tolerance and systemic inflammation. Then, we analyzed the impact of WLT on gut microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by fecal microbiota transplantation. Furthermore, we performed hepatic transcriptomic analysis of mice with or without WLT treatment using the RNA sequencing approach. RESULTS Our results showed that WLT supplement attenuated body weight gain, hepatic steatosis, glucose tolerance, and systemic inflammation in HFHS-fed mice. Moreover, WLT supplement altered the composition of gut microbiota, which contributed at least in part, to the anti-NAFLD effect. Meanwhile, WLT improved the intestinal integrity and comprehensively modulated the expression of hepatic genes in HFHS mice, particularly reducing the expression of genes in the toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory pathway. CONCLUSION WLT is protective against NAFLD formation induced by an HFHS diet, and its effect is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and inflammation, highlighting the potential of WLT to reduce the risk of metabolic disorders as a functional dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Juan Yan
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weize Zhu
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bo Li
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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19
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Liu Y, Gao Y, Ma F, Sun M, Mu G, Tuo Y. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 oral administration on inflammation and lipid metabolism in obese mice fed with a high fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 11:5024-5039. [PMID: 32530448 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 showed antioxidant activity and favorable gastric and intestinal transit tolerance. The purpose of this study is to determine whether L. plantarum Y44 could ameliorate intestinal inflammation and lipid metabolism disorder in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet. L. plantarum Y44 was administered by gavage to the mice fed with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The mice fed with a high fat diet only showed sustainably elevated body weight, liver lipid metabolism disorder, intestinal inflammation and a lower short chain fatty acid content in feces. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 regulated lipid metabolism disorder by inhibiting the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the liver of obese mice, reducing the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) and increasing the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in the serum of obese mice. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 up-regulated the expression of colon tight junction protein such as claudin-1 and occludin, down-regulated p38 and phospho-p38 levels and reduced serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 increased Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Lactobacillaceae levels, reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and Desulfovibrionaceae and Proteobacteria levels in obese mice. Oral administration of L. plantarum Y44 also enhanced the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid, butanoicacid-3-methyl, pentanoic acid and acetic acid in the feces of the obese mice. Correlation analysis of Spearman revealed a significant correlation between changes in intestinal microflora and obesity-related symptoms. L. plantarum Y44 ameliorated intestinal inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Liu
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fenglian Ma
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of food science and technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China. and Dalian probiotics function research key laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Mechanism of Huo-Xue-Qu-Yu Formula in Treating Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6026319. [PMID: 34007294 PMCID: PMC8102110 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6026319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Huo-Xue-Qu-Yu formula (HXQYF) is a prescription consisting of Ginkgo biloba leaf and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. for treating hyperlipidemia and NAFLD in China. Here, we investigated the hepatic and renal function, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism, and potential mechanisms of HXQYF on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rat models. NAFLD rat models were induced with high-fat diet (HFD) and 10% fructose water for 18 weeks and orally administered with or without HXQYF simultaneously. The results showed that HXQYF (22.5, 45, 90 mg/kg) significantly improved blood lipid levels via reducing serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and APOB values and elevating HDL-C and APOA1 levels in NAFLD rats. The higher levels of ALT, AST, CR, and BUN in serum induced by HFD were reduced by HXQYF. HE staining showed that HXQYF (90 mg/kg) reduced the accumulation of fat droplets and alleviated inflammatory response in liver cells. Three doses of HXQYF exhibited notable antioxidant effects by elevating SOD, GSH, and CAT activities and decreasing MDA and OH-1 levels in the liver. Furthermore, abnormal lipid metabolism caused by HFD was alleviated by HXQYF, which was associated with the upregulation of PPAR-α, AdipoR2, and CPT1 mRNAs as well as the downregulation of CYP2E1 and SREBP-1c mRNAs in liver tissue. In conclusion, our work verified that HXQYF could reduce the degree of hepatic steatosis, suppress oxidative stress, and attenuate lipid metabolism, thus preventing NAFLD.
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21
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Fang F, Wen WB, Xie XH, Yang L, Zhang X, Zhao J. The Mechanism of Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi Decoction in Insulin Resistant Adipocytes and Its Component Analysis. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21997678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction (JGXZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula to treat patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study aimed to analyze the mechanism of JGXZ in adipocytes and detect the main components of the drug in rat serum. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to establish an insulin resistant (IR) adipocyte model. Lipid accumulation in adipocytes was detected by oil red O staining. After JGXZ treatment, glucose consumption, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed using the corresponding kits. ROS levels were measured by flow cytometry. In addition, Western blot was used to assess LKB1/AMPK and JNK/IRS/PI3k/AKT expressions. The main components of JGXZ in rat serum samples were detected by LC-MS/MS using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column, a mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid solution, and ESI detection. Results: JGXZ significantly decreased glucose levels and adipogenesis, accompanied by decreased IR ( P < 0.01). Besides, JGXZ markedly affected ROS, LKB1/AMPK, and JNK/IRS/PI3k/AKT levels ( P < 0.01). R1, Rg1, paeoniflorin, Rb1, astragaloside IV, and tanshinone could be significantly quantified. Conclusions: JGXZ decreased glucose and lipid synthesis, possibly via the ROS/AMPK/JNK pathway. R1, Rg1, paeoniflorin, Rb1, astragaloside IV, and tanshinone in JGXZ could play major roles in treating NAFLD, which could assist in the study of the mechanism of JGXZ in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Bo Wen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Hua Xie
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Senile Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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22
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Zhou H, Ma C, Wang C, Gong L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine monomer for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173976. [PMID: 33639194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of eating habits, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. However, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, it is urgent to find safe, efficient, and economical anti-NAFLD drugs. Compared with western medicines that possess fast lipid-lowering effect, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of NAFLD due to their unique advantages such as multi-targets and multi-channel mechanisms of action. TCM monomers have been proved to treat NAFLD through regulating various pathways, including inflammation, lipid production, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p53 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are considered as important molecular targets for ameliorating NAFLD by TCM monomers. Therefore, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases, this paper updates and summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence of TCM monomers for the treatment of NAFLD in the past six years (2015-2020), thus providing thoughts and prospects for further exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and TCM monomer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Chaihu-Shugan-San aqueous extract on high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis in rats via intestinal microbiota metabolite SCFAs and its receptor Gpr43/109a. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Im HJ, Hwang SJ, Lee JS, Lee SB, Kang JY, Son CG. Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Amomum xanthioides Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2433. [PMID: 32823613 PMCID: PMC7468949 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25% and has continued to increase; however, no drugs have yet been approved for NAFLD treatments. The ethyl acetate fraction of Amomum xanthioides (EFAX) was previously reported to have an anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, but its effects on steatosis or steatohepatitis remain unclear. This study investigated the anti-fatty liver of EFAX using a high-fat diet mouse model. High-fat diet intake for 8 weeks induced hepatic steatosis with mild inflammation and oxidative damage and increased the adipose tissue weight along with the development of dyslipidemia. EFAX treatment significantly ameliorated the steatohepatic changes, the increased weight of adipose tissues, and the altered serum lipid profiles. These observed effects were possibly due to the lipolysis-dominant activity of EFAX on multiple hepatic proteins including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (mSREBP)-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, AMP-activated protein kinase, and diglyceride acyltransferases (DGATs). Taken together, these results show that EFAX might be a potential therapeutic agent for regulating a wide spectrum of NAFLDs from steatosis to fibrosis via multiple actions on lipid metabolism-related proteins. Further studies investigating clear mechanisms and their active compounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University Daedukdae-ro 176 bun-gil 75, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35353, Korea; (H.-J.I.); (S.-J.H.); (J.-S.L.); (S.-B.L.); (J.-Y.K.)
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Ma X, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Wen J, Wei S, Zhao Y. Paeoniflorin, a Natural Product With Multiple Targets in Liver Diseases-A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32410996 PMCID: PMC7198866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is derived from Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., or Paeonia veitchii Lynch and has been used in traditional medical applications for more than 2,000 years. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpenoid glycoside with various effects on liver diseases. Recent studies have revealed that paeoniflorin demonstrates a wide range of activities, including hepatic protection, cholestasis alleviation, liver fibrosis attenuation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevention, and hepatocellular carcinoma inhibition involved in multiple pathways. Moreover, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune regulation with the regulation of TLR4-NF-κB, ROCK/NF-κB, HO-1, mitochondria-dependent as well as HMGB1‐TLR4 signaling pathways are correlated with hepatic protection in liver injury and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Antioxidative mechanisms, anti-inflammation, and hepatic transporter regulation involved in NOX4, PI3K/Akt/Nrf2, NF‐κB, NTCP, BSEP, as well as MRP2 signals are mainly relevant to the anticholestatic effect of paeoniflorin. The inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation and alleviation of extracellular matrix deposition via vast signals such as mTOR/HIF-1α, TGF-β1/Smads, and JAK2/STAT6 are primarily involved in the antifibrotic effect of paeoniflorin. The regulation of macrophages also contributes to the alleviation effect on liver fibrosis. In addition, the reduction of invasion, metastasis, and adhesion and the induction of apoptosis-related targets, including Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, are related to its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. The literature indicates that paeoniflorin might have potent efficacy in complex liver diseases and demonstrates the profound medicinal value of paeoniflorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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An Integrated Approach Exploring the Synergistic Mechanism of Herbal Pairs in a Botanical Dietary Supplement: A Case Study of a Liver Protection Health Food. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:9054192. [PMID: 32351982 PMCID: PMC7171619 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9054192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal pairs are used as a bridge between single herb and polyherbal formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to provide rationale for complicated TCM formulas. The effectiveness and rationality of TCM herbal pairs have been widely applied as a strategy for dietary supplements. However, due to the complexity of the phytochemistry of individual and combinations of herbal materials, it is difficult to reveal their effective and synergistic mechanisms from a molecular or systematic point of view. In order to address this question, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis and System Pharmacology tools were applied to explore the mechanism of action, using a White Peony (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)-based dietary supplement. A total of sixteen chemical constituents of White Peony and Licorice were isolated and identified, which interact with 73 liver protection-related targets. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were then performed along with network analysis. Results showed that the synergistic mechanism of the White Peony and Licorice herbal pair was associated with their coregulation of bile secretion and ABC transporter pathways. In addition, Licorice exhibits a specific response to drug and xenobiotic metabolism pathways, whereas White Peony responds to Toll-like receptor signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling, IL-17 signaling, and TNF signaling pathways, resulting in the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis and the reduction of immune and inflammation-mediated liver damage. These findings suggest that a White Peony and Licorice herbal pair supplement would have a liver-protecting benefit through complimentary and synergistic mechanisms. This approach provides a new path to explore herbal compatibility in dietary supplements derived from TCM theory.
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Zhu F, Li YM, Feng TT, Wu Y, Zhang HX, Jin GY, Liu JP. Freeze-dried Si-Ni-San powder can ameliorate high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3056-3068. [PMID: 31293341 PMCID: PMC6603807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i24.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease worldwide. However, to date, there is no ideal therapy for this disease.
AIM To study the effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice.
METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups of eight. The control group (CON) was allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet. The high fat diet group (FAT) and Si-Ni-San group (SNS) were allowed ad libitum access to a high fat diet. The SNS group was intragastrically administered Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder (5.0 g/kg) once daily, and the CON and FAT groups were intragastrically administered distilled water. After 12 wk, body weight, liver index, visceral fat index, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), portal lipopoly-saccharide (LPS), liver tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and liver triglycerides were measured. Intestinal microbiota were analyzed using a 16S r DNA sequencing technique.
RESULTS Compared with the FAT group, the SNS group exhibited decreased body weight, liver index, visceral fat index, serum ALT, portal LPS, liver TNF-α and liver triglycerides (P < 0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the SNS group had different bacterial composition and function compared with the FAT group. In particular, Oscillospira genus was a bacterial biomarker of SNS group samples.
CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice may be associated with its anti-inflammatory and changing intestinal microbiota effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong-Min Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guo-Yin Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Changshou District, Chongqing 401220, China
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Huang Y, Wang H, Chen Z, Wang Y, Qin K, Huang Y, Ba X, Lin W, Tu S. Efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony combined with methotrexate and leflunomide for active rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1969-1984. [PMID: 31354242 PMCID: PMC6588713 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s207226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Total glucosides of paeony (TGP) have been confirmed to reduce hepatotoxicity caused by methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, high-quality evidence-based meta-analysis data on the issue are unavailable. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination treatment for RA. Materials and methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, China National Knowledge Internet, Wan Fang, and VIP were searched up to February 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of TGP combined MTX and LEF for RA were included. Results: Eight RCTs were included in the final meta-analysis. Pooled results showed better therapeutic effects against RA in the TGP-treated group (RR =1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 −1.16). The TGP+MTX+LEF group showed a reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate (MD = −2.80 mm/h, 95% CI: −5.08 - −0.52), C-reactive protein level (MD = −4.17 mg/L, 95% CI: −7.84 - −0.51), and rheumatoid factor (MD = −12.09 IU/mL, 95% CI: −14.05 - −10.14). Besides, the combination treatment tended to benefit lipid profiles (total cholesterol: 95% CI: −1.27–0.06; triglycerides: 95% CI: −0.49 - −0.08; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 95% CI: 0.15–0.83; and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 95% CI: −0.54 - −0.02). Adverse events, hepatotoxicity in particular, significantly decreased (RR =0.55, 95% CI: 0.38–0.80) in the TGP group. Conclusion: Compared to MTX and LEF therapy, TGP combination treatment may be a more effective and safer strategy. It is advisable to apply TGP as an adjuvant given its hepatoprotective and possible lipid-regulating effect. However, further large-scale and high-quality clinical trials are warranted, and the efficacy of TGP in terms of its effect on lipid profiles should be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Qin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Tu J, Guo Y, Hong W, Fang Y, Han D, Zhang P, Wang X, Körner H, Wei W. The Regulatory Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivative Paeoniflorin-6'-O-Benzene Sulfonate CP-25 on Inflammation and Immune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30804784 PMCID: PMC6370653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant extract "total glucosides of peony" (TGP) constitutes a mixture of glycosides that is isolated from the roots of the well-known traditional Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the most abundant component and the main biologically active ingredient of TGP. Pharmacologically, Pae exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects in some animal models of autoimmune diseases including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Recently, we modified Pae with an addition of benzene sulfonate to achieve better bioavailability and higher anti-inflammatory immune regulatory effects. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities of Pae and the novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzenesulfonate (CP-25) in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The regulatory effects of Pae and CP-25 make them promising agents for other related diseases, which require extensive investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dafei Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ong M, Cheng J, Jin X, Lao W, Johnson M, Tan Y, Qu X. Paeoniflorin extract reverses dexamethasone-induced testosterone over-secretion through downregulation of cytochrome P450 17A1 expression in primary murine theca cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:97-103. [PMID: 30195059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and reproductive disorder. A main hallmark includes increased androgen production. The root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Bai Shao) is used in Chinese herbal medicine for reproductive disorders, however its effects and mechanisms on ovarian theca cells has not yet been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of paeoniflorin extract (PFE), the main constituents of Bai Shao, on androgen production in ovarian theca cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary murine theca cells were treated with concentrations of PFE (1-100 µg/mL) in the presence of dexamethasone (10 µM) with media-only treated cells used as the control. After 24 h, culture media was collected for biochemistry assays of testosterone and progesterone. Expression of key steroidogenic enzymes, cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1) and 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) was characterized using immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS Dexamethasone significantly enhanced testosterone secretion (P < 0.05 vs. the control cells). PFE reversed over-production of testosterone induced by dexamethasone in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment with PFE also normalized production of progesterone in dexamethasone-treated cells. Expression of CYP11A1 and CYP17A1 in the theca cells were visualised by immunofluorescence staining. All doses of PFE significantly inhibited CYP17A1 expression detected by immunoblotting, but only 100 µg/mL of PFE downregulated CYP11A1 expression and reduced CYP11A1 significantly in dexamethasone-treated theca cells. CONCLUSIONS PFE may reduce over-secretion of testosterone in theca cells through downregulation of CYP17A1 and CYP11A1. These findings provide scientific evidence to treat ovarian hyperandrogenism with the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Reproductive Health Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingliang Jin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Reproductive Health Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiguo Lao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xianqin Qu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia; Reproductive Health Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Shang W, Li H, Strappe P, Zhou Z, Blanchard C. Konjac glucomannans attenuate diet-induced fat accumulation on livers and its regulation pathway. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Yuting Y, Lifeng F, Qiwei H. Secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 promotes high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis through enhancing lipid deposition, fibrosis and inflammation via targeting TGF-β1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:48-55. [PMID: 30581002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism revealing the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most common liver diseases, remains to be investigated. In the study, we found that secreted modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2), which belongs to the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) family of matricellular proteins, functioned as a positive modulator of NAFLD. SMOC2 expression was markedly up-regulated in human liver samples with NAFLD, and in hepatic tissues of mice fed with HFD. SMOC2 knockout in mice significantly attenuated metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and lipid deposition in mice challenged with HFD. Moreover, liver fibrosis induced by HFD was clearly ameliorated by SMOC2 deficiency mainly through inhibiting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression. Additionally, hepatic inflammatory response triggered by HFD was also improved in SMOC2-knockout mice via inactivating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Mechanically, SMOC2 could interact with TGF-β1, and SMOC2 overexpression markedly increased TGF-β1 in mouse primary hepatocytes, which played an essential role in regulating hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, we provided proof that blocking SMOC2 might be a promising strategy for preventing NAFLD through the interaction with TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuting
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot City, 010020, China
| | - Feng Lifeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo, 726000, China
| | - Hao Qiwei
- Department of General Surgery II Ward, Second Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, 719000, China.
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Ji L, Hou X, Liu W, Deng X, Jiang Z, Huang K, Li R. Paeoniflorin inhibits activation of the IRAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway in peritoneal macrophages from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:223-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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He Z, Dong W, Yao K, Qin C, Duan B. Retracted Article: Daphnetin inhibits proliferation and glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34483-34490. [PMID: 35548643 PMCID: PMC9087013 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin compound, has shown antitumor and energy metabolism regulatory activities. However, the effects of daphnetin on cell proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains unknown. In this study, the effects of daphnetin on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism have been examined. The results showed that daphnetin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, and induced CRC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, daphnetin suppressed intracellular glucose and lactate production, and downregulated the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in CRC cells. Furthermore, daphnetin prevented activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in CRC cells. These findings demonstrated that daphnetin inhibited the proliferation, migration and glucose metabolism in CRC cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, daphnetin has potential as a novel anticancer agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Henan University Huaihe Hospital Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province China
| | - Wenxing Dong
- Department of Emergency, Kaifeng Central Hospital 58 East Street Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province China +86-0371-25672905 +86-0371-25672905
| | - Kunhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Henan University Huaihe Hospital Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province China
| | - Changjiang Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Henan University Huaihe Hospital Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province China
| | - Baomin Duan
- Department of Emergency, Kaifeng Central Hospital 58 East Street Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province China +86-0371-25672905 +86-0371-25672905
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Sun C, Chen Z, Wang H, Ding K. Tetrahydropalmatine Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus Auratus). Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6564-6572. [PMID: 30226834 PMCID: PMC6157085 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Tetrahydropalmatine (THP) can exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The mechanism of THP on the hyperlipidemia remains unknown; therefore, the present study explored the role of THP in hyperlipidemia. Material/Methods We established an animal model of hyperlipidemia by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Blood samples were obtained for determination of serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and CYP7A1 expression. Histology was performed and inflammation was detected in the liver using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and TRAF-6 were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. Results THP suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c in HFD-fed golden hamsters. THP increased cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression and prevented inflammation by the limited reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions in serum and liver. THP slightly increased the ratio of the body/liver weight. THP inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TNF-receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF-6). Conclusions These results suggest that THP attenuates hyperlipidemia by multiple effects, including hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, THP also suppressed the expressions of TLR4 and TRAF-6 in golden hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- The Second Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis by Activating LKB1/AMPK and AKT Pathways. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10081024. [PMID: 30081580 PMCID: PMC6116094 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis induced by fructose. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 20% fructose drink for eight weeks. The insulin sensitivity, serum lipid profiles, and hepatic lipids contents were measured. The results showed that paeoniflorin significantly decreased serum insulin and glucagon levels, improved insulin sensitivity and serum lipids profiles, and alleviated hepatic steatosis in fructose-fed rats. Moreover, paeoniflorin enhanced the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and inhibited the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC)1 in liver. Paeoniflorin also increased the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1 mRNA and protein expression and decreased the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)1c, stearyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (SCD)-1 and fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Furthermore, we found that paeoniflorin significantly increased the heptatic protein expression of tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase (LKB)1 but not Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)β. These results suggest that the protective effects of paeoniflorin might be involved in the activation of LKB1/AMPK and insulin signaling, which resulted in the inhibition of lipogenesis, as well as the activation of β-oxidation and glycogenesis, thus ameliorated the insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. The present study may provide evidence for the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin in the treatment of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver.
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Liang Y, Zhang Y, Deng Y, Liang S, He Y, Chen Y, Liu C, Lin C, Han L, Tu G, Yang Q. Chaihu-Shugan-San Decoction Modulates Intestinal Microbe Dysbiosis and Alleviates Chronic Metabolic Inflammation in NAFLD Rats via the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:9390786. [PMID: 30105078 PMCID: PMC6076928 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9390786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of the Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction on intestinal microbe dysbiosis and chronic metabolic inflammation via the NLRP3 pathway in NAFLD rats that were fed a high-fat diet. Twenty-four SD rats (male, six weeks old, 200 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (NC group), high-fat diet-fed group (HFD group), and Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction intervention group (CH group). The NC group rats were given standard feed, the HFD group rats were all fed a high-fat diet (83% standard feed + 10% lard oil + 5% sucrose + 1.5% cholesterol + 0.5% cholate), and the CH group rats were given a HFD plus Chaihu-Shugan-San at 9.6 g•kg-1•d-1. Body composition, serum and liver lipids, inflammatory markers, intestinal microbial population, and the NLRP3 pathway-associated protein were assessed. The results showed that Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction significantly reduced body weight and total fat mass and the levels of serum LPS, TG, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18, as well as liver TC, TG, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 (P < 0.05). The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (0.375% versus 0.064%, P < 0.05), Staphylococcaceae families (0.049% versus 0.016%, P < 0.05) and Veillonella genus (0.096% versus 0.009%, P < 0.01) significantly decreased, whereas the abundance of Anaeroplasma genus (0.0005% versus 0.0178%, P < 0.01) significantly increased. The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were changed significantly (P < 0.05). In summary, the Chaihu-Shugan-San decoction modulated intestinal microbe dysbiosis, reduced fat accumulation, and alleviated inflammatory factor expression, which are all processes related to the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in NAFLD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Liang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuanjun Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shu Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yanning Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Chenli Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guifang Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qinhe Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Kurhaluk N, Bojková B, Winklewski PJ. Liver antioxidant and aerobic status improves after metformin and melatonin administration in a rat model of high-fat diet and mammary carcinogenesis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:790-797. [PMID: 29658305 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the development of various cancers. In the present study, the effect of long-term administration of peroral antidiabetic metformin and pineal hormone melatonin on liver antioxidant and aerobic status in female Sprague-Dawley rats carrying mammary tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was evaluated. Both substances were administered in a preventive and curative manner (12 days before and 16 weeks after the carcinogen application). Carcinogen administration induced oxidative stress: the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) considered as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in liver increased as well as the level of oxidatively modified protein content (OMP; aldehyde and ketone derivates). Metformin administration restored succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity and associated ROS production and OMP content to the level of intact rats, with predominant activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). Melatonin alone and in combination with metformin also decreased TBARS content. OMP content decreased in all groups receiving chemoprevention. The rise in total antioxidant capacity after melatonin and particularly metformin and melatonin combination might result from the initiation of anaerobic metabolism and increasing SOD, GR, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Long-term administration of metformin and melatonin exerts antioxidant properties in liver, especially in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- a Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environment Protection, Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Bianka Bojková
- b Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pawel J Winklewski
- c Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,d Department of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, Slupsk, Poland
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吴 晓, 王 丽, 易 建, 雷 剑, 奥 宇, 李 建, 韩 晶. [Protective effect of paeoniflorin against PM2.5-induced damage in BEAS-2B cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:168-173. [PMID: 29502055 PMCID: PMC6743883 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of paeoniflorin against PM2.5-induced damage in BEAS-2B cells and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS With a factorial design, this study was performed to observe the protective effects of different doses of paeoniflorin against PM2.5-induced BEAS-2B cell growth inhibition and the effects of paeoniflorin on the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell cultures. RESULTS Exposure to increased PM2.5 concentrations caused significant decrease in the cell survival rate (P<0.05) with a clear dose-response relationship (r=-0.759, P<0.05). Treatment of the cells with paeoniflorin significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced inhibition of BEAS-2B cell survival (P<0.05), but the effect of paeoniflorin was not dose-dependent (P>0.05). PM2.5 exposure also significantly increased the contents of MDA and intracellular ROS (P<0.05), and paeoniflorin obviously antagonized these effects of PM2.5. CONCLUSION Paeoniflorin can protect BEAS-2B cells from PM2.5-induced growth inhibition, and the mechanism might be related to the anti-oxidant effects of paeoniflorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- 晓芳 吴
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
- 西北妇女儿童医院,陕西 西安 710000Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - 丽云 王
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 建华 易
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 剑 雷
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 宇宏 奥
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - 建军 李
- 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710075State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - 晶 韩
- 西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院,陕西 西安 710061College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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Habtemariam S. Antidiabetic Potential of Monoterpenes: A Case of Small Molecules Punching above Their Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010004. [PMID: 29267214 PMCID: PMC5795956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenes belong to the terpenoids class of natural products and are bio-synthesized through the mevalonic acid pathway. Their small molecular weight coupled with high non-polar nature make them the most abundant components of essential oils which are often considered to have some general antioxidant and antimicrobial effects at fairly high concentrations. These compounds are however reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Thanks to the ingenious biosynthetic machinery of nature, they also display a fair degree of structural complexity/diversity for further consideration in structure-activity studies. In the present communication, the merit of monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents is scrutinized by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the scientific literature. Both the aglycones and glycosides of these compounds of rather small structural size appear to display antidiabetic along with antiobesity and lipid lowering effects. The diversity of these effects vis-à-vis their structures and mechanisms of actions are discussed. Some key pharmacological targets include the insulin signaling pathways and/or the associated PI3K-AKT (protein kinase B), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways; proinflammatory cytokines and the NF-κB pathway; glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver; glucagon-like-1 receptor (GLP-1R); among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Natural modulators of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mode of action analysis and in silico ADME-Tox prediction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 337:45-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sun B, Dai G, Bai Y, Zhang W, Zhu L, Chu J, Pan R, Ju W. Determination of Paeoniflorin in Rat Plasma by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:1006-1012. [PMID: 28977364 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingting Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Yongtao Bai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Jihong Chu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
| | - Ronghua Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Liyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 121, Xihou Street, Liyang,
China
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 155, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing,China
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Paeoniflorin Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Activation. Inflammation 2017; 40:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cheng F, Ma C, Wang X, Zhai C, Wang G, Xu X, Mu J, Li C, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yue W, Du X, Lian Y, Zhu W, Yin X, Wei Z, Song W, Wang Q. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine formula Sinisan on chronic restraint stress-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a rat study. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:203. [PMID: 28388904 PMCID: PMC5383977 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most common forms of liver disease worldwide, and it is always regarded as a consequence of a sedentary, food-abundant lifestyle, sitting for an extended time, and a low physical activity level, which often coincide with chronic and long-lasting psychological stress. A Chinese medicine Sinisan (SNS) may be a potential formula for treating this kind of disease. Methods In this study, a long-term chronic restraint stress protocol was used to investigate the mechanism underlying stress-induced NALFD. To investigate the effect of SNS treatment on stress-induced NAFLD, we measured the liver and serum values of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), liver free fatty acids (FFA), low-density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor-α, malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, and serum values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase. Results are shown as a mean ± standard deviation. Significant differences between the groups were evaluated using the Student t-test. For multiple comparisons, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. If the results of ANOVA indicated significant differences, post hoc analysis was performed with the Tukey test or Dunnett test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Long-term chronic stress led to steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, SNS treatment significantly increased body weight gain (p < 0.01) and sucrose preference (p < 0.001), and it reduced the liver values of TC, TG, and FFA (p < 0.05). SNS also reduced the serum values of AST and ALT (p < 0.001), and the liver value of IL-6 (p < 0.01). Conclusions This study’s results demonstrate that psychological stress may be a significant risk factor of NAFLD. Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine formula SNS may have some beneficial effect in antagonizing psychological stress and stress-related NAFLD.
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Ma Z, Liu H, Wang W, Guan S, Yi J, Chu L. Paeoniflorin suppresses lipid accumulation and alleviates insulin resistance by regulating the Rho kinase/IRS-1 pathway in palmitate-induced HepG2Cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:361-367. [PMID: 28380411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of paeoniflorin (PF) on palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and explored the potential molecular mechanisms in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were pre-treated with 3μM, 30μM, or 100μM PF for 1h followed by immediate stimulation with 0.25mM palmitate for 24h to induce hepatic steatosis. PF treatment could decrease PA-induced intracellular lipid deposition via inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis. PF treatment also restored insulin sensitivity by suppressing the activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) and the expression of serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, thereby promoting Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylation. These results suggest that PF alleviates PA-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the effect of PF may be associated with its role in inhibiting de novo lipid synthesis and in regulating the ROCK/IRS/Akt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ma
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China; Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Hebei General Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Department of Surgery, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China.
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutics, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
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Ma Z, Chu L, Liu H, Wang W, Li J, Yao W, Yi J, Gao Y. Beneficial effects of paeoniflorin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44819. [PMID: 28300221 PMCID: PMC5353673 DOI: 10.1038/srep44819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver diseases. This study sought to evaluate the insulin-sensitizing effect of paeoniflorin (PF) on high-fat diet-induced NAFLD and possible molecular mechanisms. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to establish the NAFLD model, and PF (20 mg/kg/d) was gavaged to the NAFLD rats for another four weeks. Our results demonstrated that HFD resulted in hepatocellular ballooning, micro-/macrovesicular steatosis, and oxidative stress in the liver, accompanied by increased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. PF treatment improved the biochemical and histopathological changes in NAFLD rats. Moreover, we also found that PF could inhibit lipid ectopic deposition via regulating lipid metabolism (inhibiting lipid synthesis of cholesterol and de novo pathway), and exert insulin sensitizing effect by regulating the insulin signaling pathway IRS/Akt/GSK3β and anti-oxidation. The study findings suggest that PF has therapeutic potential against NAFLD and that it acts through multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ma
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China.,Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Li Chu
- Hebei Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hongying Liu
- Hebei General Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Department of Surgery, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jieru Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Physiology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Wenzao Yao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Immunology and Pathobiology, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- Yichun University, Key Laboratory for Research on Active Ingredients in Natural Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
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Reynés B, Palou M, Palou A. Gene expression modulation of lipid and central energetic metabolism related genes by high-fat diet intake in the main homeostatic tissues. Food Funct 2017; 8:629-650. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
HF diet feeding affects the energy balance by transcriptional metabolic adaptations, based in direct gene expression modulation, perinatal programing and transcriptional factor regulation, which could be affected by the animal model, gender or period of dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Reynés
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- Nutrition and Biotechnology
- Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica SL (Spin off no. 001 from UIB)
- Palma Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- Nutrition and Biotechnology
- Universitat de les Illes Balears and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn)
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
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Evaluation of the In Vivo Therapeutic Effects of Radix Paeoniae Rubra Ethanol Extract with the Hypoglycemic Activities Measured from Multiple Cell-Based Assays. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3262790. [PMID: 28018473 PMCID: PMC5153506 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background. Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chi Shao) contains several phytochemicals with hypoglycemic actions. Current research aims to explore potential insulinotropic effects and long-term therapeutic efficacy of such herb against type 2 diabetes. Methods. Composition analysis for the ethanol extract (PRExt) was executed by high performance liquid chromatography. Polyphenol-enriched fraction was characterized by high pressure size exclusion chromatography. Multiple cell platforms were employed to evaluate hypoglycemic bioactivities. In animal experiments, blood glucose, the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-index assessment, glucose tolerance test, and in vivo glucose uptake were all measured. Additional effects of PRExt on obesity and hepatic steatosis were evaluated by serum and histological analysis. Results. PRExt provides multiple hypoglycemic effects including the enhancement of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Pentagalloylglucose and polyphenol-enriched fraction are two insulinotropic constituents. Moreover, PRExt intraperitoneal injection causes acute hypoglycemic effects on fasted db/db mice. Oral administration of PRExt (200 mg/kg b.w.) gradually reduces blood glucose in db/db mice to the level similar to that in C57J/B6 mice after 30 days. The improvement of glucose intolerance, HOMA-index, and in vivo glucose uptake is evident in addition to the weight loss effect and attenuation of hepatic steatosis. Conclusion. PRExt is an effective antidiabetic herbal extract with multiple hypoglycemic bioactivities.
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Zhang L, Wu X, Liao S, Li Y, Zhang Z, Chang Q, Xiao R, Liang B. Tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), a novel non-obese animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biol Open 2016; 5:1545-1552. [PMID: 27659689 PMCID: PMC5087676 DOI: 10.1242/bio.020875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a severe public health problem that is affecting a large proportion of the world population. Generally, NAFLD in patients is usually accompanied by obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), for which numerous animal models have been generated in order to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of NAFLD. On the contrary, quite a number of NAFLD subjects, especially in Asian regions, are non-obese and non-diabetic; however, few animal models are available for the research of non-obese NAFLD. Here, four approaches (here called approach 1 to 4) corresponding to the variable compositions of diets were used to treat tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which have a closer evolutionary relationship to primates than rodents. Analysis of plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic histology, and the expression of hepatic lipid metabolic genes revealed that all four approaches led to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver injury and hypercholesterolemia, but had no effect on body weight and adipose tissue generation, or glycemia. Hepatic gene expression in tree shrews treated by approach 4 might suggest a different or non-canonical pathway leading to hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, the tree shrew displays hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia, but remains non-obese and non-diabetic under high energy diets, which suggests that the tree shrew may be useful as a novel animal model for the research of human non-obese NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shasha Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ruyue Xiao
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Science & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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Lipid Regulation Effects of Raw and Processed Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizome on Steatotic Hepatocyte L02 Cell. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2919034. [PMID: 27642594 PMCID: PMC5013208 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2919034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Raw and processed Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizome (NRR) have been widely used in treatment of metabolic syndromes and related disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to investigate lipid regulation effects of raw and processed NRR in steatotic L02 cell. Materials and Methods. Steatotic L02 cells were obtained after being cultured with 5% fat emulsion-10% FBS-RPMI 1640 medium for 48 h. Contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in steatotic L02 cells were evaluated after treatment. Furthermore, the lipid metabolism regulation mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) and its monomers were evaluated by detecting the expressions of hydroxymethyl glutaric acyl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), sterol regulating element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7α). Results. TG and TC contents were doubled in model group compared to those in normal L02 cells group. Raw NRR and NRR heated with sand (NRR-B) showed much remarkable lipid-lowering effects in steatotic L02 cells. PNS, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Rb1 displayed the best TG and TC regulation activity, which could significantly reduce contents of SREBP-2 and HMG-CoAR and increase the content of CYP7α. Conclusions. Our results may support the fact that both raw NRR and NRR-B might have more satisfactory effects in the treatment of NAFLD.
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