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Alsenani F. Unraveling potential neuroprotective mechanisms of herbal medicine for Alzheimer's diseases through comprehensive molecular docking analyses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103998. [PMID: 38681227 PMCID: PMC11053229 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to be a worldwide health concern, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of herbal compounds by scrutinizing their interactions with Beta-Secretase-1 (BACE1). Through comprehensive molecular docking analyses, three compounds, Masticadienonic acid (ΔG: -9.6 kcal/mol), Hederagenin (ΔG: -9.3 kcal/mol), and Anthocyanins (ΔG: -8.1 kcal/mol), emerge as promising BACE1 ligands, displaying low binding energies and strong affinities. ADME parameter predictions, drug-likeness assessments, and toxicity analyses reveal favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for these compounds. Notably, Masticadienonic Acid exhibits optimal drug-likeness (-3.3736) and negligible toxicity concerns. Hederagenin (drug-likeness: -5.3272) and Anthocyanins (drug-likeness: -6.2041) also demonstrate promising safety profiles. Furthermore, pharmacophore modeling elucidates the compounds' unique interaction landscapes within BACE1's active site. Masticadienonic acid showcases seven hydrophobic interactions and a hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Thr232. Hederagenin exhibits a specific hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Trp76, emphasizing its selective binding. Anthocyanins reveal a multifaceted engagement, combining hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bond interactions with key residues. In conclusion, Masticadienonic acid, Hederagenin, and Anthocyanins stand out as promising candidates for further experimental validation, presenting a synergistic balance of efficacy and safety in combating AD through BACE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Nguyen V, Taine EG, Meng D, Cui T, Tan W. Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials. Nutrients 2024; 16:924. [PMID: 38612964 PMCID: PMC11013850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a type of polyphenol compound found in rich concentrations in many plants such as green coffee beans. As an active natural substance, CGA exerts diverse therapeutic effects in response to a variety of pathological challenges, particularly conditions associated with chronic metabolic diseases and age-related disorders. It shows multidimensional functions, including neuroprotection for neurodegenerative disorders and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-pathogens, mitigation of cardiovascular disorders, skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney injuries, and anti-tumor activities. Mechanistically, its integrative functions act through the modulation of anti-inflammation/oxidation and metabolic homeostasis. It can thwart inflammatory constituents at multiple levels such as curtailing NF-kB pathways to neutralize primitive inflammatory factors, hindering inflammatory propagation, and alleviating inflammation-related tissue injury. It concurrently raises pivotal antioxidants by activating the Nrf2 pathway, thus scavenging excessive cellular free radicals. It elevates AMPK pathways for the maintenance and restoration of metabolic homeostasis of glucose and lipids. Additionally, CGA shows functions of neuromodulation by targeting neuroreceptors and ion channels. In this review, we systematically recapitulate CGA's pharmacological activities, medicinal properties, and mechanistic actions as a potential therapeutic agent. Further studies for defining its specific targeting molecules, improving its bioavailability, and validating its clinical efficacy are required to corroborate the therapeutic effects of CGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| | | | - Dehao Meng
- Applied Physics Program, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Pathak S, Godela R. Nardostachys jatamansi: Phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses, and pharmacological activities: A comprehensive review. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105764. [PMID: 38042505 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
A member of the Valerianacae family, Nardostachys jatamansi is the smallest, most primitive, perennial, dwarf, hairy, rhizomatous, herbaceous species. It has an enlarged antiquity of usage as ayurvedic medicine, homeopathic medicine, ethnomedicine, and the Indian system of medicine, and is now used in the modern medicine industry. In the ayurvedic medical system, the rhizomes of the plant are used as a bitter tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, epileptic treatment, and for hysteria. Pharmacological reports on Nardostachys jatamansi revealed its antifungal activity, hepatoprotective activity, central nervous system activity, anticonvulsant activity, neuroprotective activity, antiparkinson's activity, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, tranquilizing activity, antiestrogenic activity furthermore, Jatamansone has also been linked to anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-asthmatic, nematicidal, and antibacterial effects. This review article's objective is to go over traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Ethnomedicinal Importance, pharmacological activities, precise procedures for variety improvement, protection, and appropriate utilization, and recognize prospects for Nardostachys jatamansi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pathak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramreddy Godela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Rudraram, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Sharma A, Nuthakki VK, Gairola S, Singh B, Bharate SB. A Coumarin-donepezil Hybrid as a Blood-brain Barrier Permeable Dual Cholinesterase Inhibitor: Isolation, Synthetic Modifications and Biological Evaluation of Natural Coumarins. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200300. [PMID: 35892288 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plants have immensely contributed to the drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we undertook the phytochemical investigation of Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. rhizomes followed by semisynthetic modifications to discover cholinesterase (ChE) and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) inhibitors. The 8-acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin isolated from the bioactive extract moderately inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BACE-1 with IC50 values of 22.1 and 17.7 μM, respectively. The semisynthetic trifluoromethyl substituted coumarin chalcone display a 5-fold improvement in BACE-1 inhibition (IC50 3.3 μM). Another semisynthetic derivative, a coumarin-donepezil hybrid, exhibits dual inhibition of both ChEs with IC50 values of 1.22 and 3.09 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling and enzyme kinetics revealed that the coumarin-donepezil hybrid is a non-competitive inhibitor of AChE. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and also inhibits Aβ self-aggregation. The results presented herein warrant a detailed investigation of the coumarin-donepezil hybrid in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine: Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Plant Sciences & Agrotechnology Division, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
| | - Bikarma Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Botanical Garden Division, Canal Road, Lucknow, INDIA
| | - Sandip Bibishan Bharate
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine CSIR, Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry, Canal Road, 180001, Jammu, INDIA
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Anupama KP, Antony A, Shilpa O, Raghu SV, Gurushankara HP. Jatamansinol from Nardostachys jatamansi Ameliorates Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila Alzheimer's Disease Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6091-6106. [PMID: 35864434 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02964-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi has long been used to prepare Medhya Rasayana in traditional Indian Ayurveda medicine to treat neurological disorders and enhance memory. Jatamansinol from the N. jatamansi against Alzheimer's disease (AD) showed that it could be a multitargeted drug against AD. Drosophila is an ideal model organism for studying a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease such as AD since its neuronal organizations and functioning are highly similar to that of humans. The current study investigates the neuroprotective properties of jatamansinol against Tau-induced neurotoxicity in the AD Drosophila model. Results indicate jatamansinol is not an antifeedant for larva and adult Drosophila. Lifespan, locomotor activity, learning and memory, Tau protein expression level, eye degeneration, oxidative stress level, and cholinesterase activities were analyzed in 10, 20, and 30-day-old control (wild type), and tauopathy flies reared on jatamansinol supplemented food or regular food without jatamansinol supplementation. Jatamansinol treatment significantly extends the lifespan, improves locomotor activity, enhances learning and memory, and reduces Tau protein levels in tauopathy flies. It boosts the antioxidant enzyme activities, prevents Tau-induced oxidative stress, ameliorates eye degeneration, and inhibits cholinesterase activities in Tau-induced AD model. This study provides the first evidence that jatamansinol protects against Tau's neurotoxic effect in the AD Drosophila model, and it can be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Thejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, 671 320, Kerala, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Thejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, 671 320, Kerala, India
| | - Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Thejaswini Hills, Periya, Kasaragod, 671 320, Kerala, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, 574 199, Karnataka, India
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Bhat BA, Almilaibary A, Mir RA, Aljarallah BM, Mir WR, Ahmad F, Mir MA. Natural Therapeutics in Aid of Treating Alzheimer's Disease: A Green Gateway Toward Ending Quest for Treating Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884345. [PMID: 35651632 PMCID: PMC9149276 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scientific community is facing a daunting challenge to unravel reliable natural compounds with realistic potential to treat neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reported compounds/drugs mostly synthetic deemed the reliability and therapeutic potential largely due to their complexity and off-target issues. The natural products from nutraceutical compounds emerge as viable preventive therapeutics to fill the huge gap in treating neurological disorders. Considering that Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease, natural compounds offer the advantage of a multitarget approach, tagging different molecular sites in the human brain, as compared with the single-target activity of most of the drugs so far used to treat Alzheimer's disease. A wide range of plant extracts and phytochemicals reported to possess the therapeutic potential to Alzheimer's disease includes curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, oleocanthal, and other phytochemicals such as huperzine A, limonoids, and azaphilones. Reported targets of these natural compounds include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, amyloid senile plaques, oxidation products, inflammatory pathways, specific brain receptors, etc. We tenaciously aimed to review the in-depth potential of natural products and their therapeutic applications against Alzheimer's disease, with a special focus on a diversity of medicinal plants and phytocompounds and their mechanism of action against Alzheimer's disease pathologies. We strongly believe that the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents alone or in combination with other compounds would be effective treatments against Alzheimer's disease with lesser side effects as compared to currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University Alaqiq, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Badr M. Aljarallah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajahat R. Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5100904. [PMID: 35450410 PMCID: PMC9017558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD's progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
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Jatamansinol from Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. Protects Aβ 42-induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Drosophila Model. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:62-78. [PMID: 35247505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. is an essential plant used in Indian Ayurveda to treat neurological disorders, and it enhances memory. Its active phytochemical(s) responsible for neuroprotection is not yet studied. One of the neurological disorders, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes dementia, is not having pharmacological strategies to effectively prevent the onset of AD, cure or reverse AD progression, and treat cognitive symptoms. Here is an attempt to analyze the neuroprotective effect of jatamansinol isolated from N. jatamansi against Aβ42 protein-induced neurotoxicity using the Aβ42 protein expressed Drosophila Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Oregon-K (OK) and AD flies were reared on regular or jatamansinol supplemented food and analyzed their lifespan, locomotor activity, learning and memory, eye degeneration, oxidative stress levels, antioxidant activities, cholinesterase activities, Aβ42 protein, and Aβ42 gene expression. Jatamansinol extends the lifespan, improves locomotor activity, enhances learning and memory, and reduces Aβ42 protein levels in AD flies. Jatamansinol boosts the antioxidant enzyme activities, prevents Aβ42 protein-induced oxidative stress, ameliorates eye degeneration, and inhibits cholinesterase activities in the AD model. This study evidences the protective effect of jatamansinol against the Aβ42 protein-induced neurotoxicity in the AD Drosophila model, suggesting its possible therapeutic potential against AD.
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Liu I, Varinthra P, Suresh P, Chokkalingam P, Ibiayo A. Anti-inflammatory and memory-enhancing properties of Chinese herbal extracts: The possible application in Alzheimer's disease. Tzu Chi Med J 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_139_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang M, Yang TT, Rao Y, Wang ZM, Dong X, Zhang LH, Han L, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhu Y, Gao XM, Li TX, Wang HY, Xu YT, Wu HH. A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and the analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114446. [PMID: 34339792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants of the genus Nardostachys (Caprifoliaceae) have been used for a long history in different cultural systems of medicine, including Chinese, Ayurvedic, Korean folk medicine and Islamic, for treatments of disorders in nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and integumentary systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide comprehensive information on Nardostachys plants including botany update, traditional uses, data mining of uses in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and current Chinese medicinal patents, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicity and analytical method studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies of the genus Nardostachys were collected via Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, NLM/NCBI, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, EMBASE, Huabeing database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Network and libraries. Some local books, PhD or MS's dissertations were also included. The literatures cited in this review covered the period from 1962 to March 2021. The Plant List and Kew Herbarium Catalogue databases were used to authenticate the scientific name. RESULTS Botany description of Nardostachys genus is updated. Analysis of the literatures indicates that Nardostachys species are valuable herbs with therapeutic potentials for various disorders. Data mining on ancient TCM prescriptions and current Chinese medicinal patents containing Nardostachys revealed its common compatibility with other herbs in China. Phytochemical studies identified terpenoids and phenolic compounds as the main constituents in the genus Nardostachys and sesquiterpenoids as the major bioactive components. Experimental studies demonstrated that crude extracts, major fractions and the main constituents from Nardostachys species mainly exhibited pharmacological activities on nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and skin systems. Further, in vivo and in vitro toxicological studies demonstrated that Nardostachys plants showed either no or low toxicities, except at high doses. Finally, methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses on chemical constituents of genus Nardostachys were summarized, including TLC/HPTLC, GC and HPLC/UPLC methods, combined with common detectors including PDA, DAD and MS. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the progress on phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods of the genus Nardostachys. Studies demonstrate traditional uses of the genus Nardostachys, and reveal novel bioactive effects for clinical uses. These achievements expand our knowledge on the genus Nardostachys and its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xueqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Hai-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Pandey SN, Rangra NK, Singh S, Arora S, Gupta V. Evolving Role of Natural Products from Traditional Medicinal Herbs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2718-2728. [PMID: 34010562 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia by impairing mental capacity growth and disrupting neurocognitive activity. Despite recent advancements in AD therapy, therapeutic effectiveness has been small, noncurative, and susceptible to drug resistance. The reality that AD's origin remains unknown and that the blood-brain barrier limits treatment effectiveness are two significant impediments to science. Plants are repositories for novel chemical entities, which provide an exciting avenue for Alzheimer's disease studies. Although several herbal remedies are unquestionably efficient, only a small number have been clinically tested for their active chemical constituents and biological activities. Using published data in the literature, we summarized commonly used medicinal plants and herbs and their phyto components for the care and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as an alternative therapy. In this, we summarize the main compounds found in 30 different herbal medicines that target neurodegenerative diseases. Using the experimental study of physicochemical properties, we put forward a hypothesis about potential medicinal plants and the management of Alzheimer's disease. The summary analysis demonstrates that conventional herbal medicines produce compounds with physicochemical properties with a high degree of similarities with existing approved medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Nath Pandey
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Rangra
- Faculty of Medical Sciences & Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
| | - Sima Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Saahil Arora
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Varun Gupta
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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Experimental evidence and mechanism of action of some popular neuro-nutraceutical herbs. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105124. [PMID: 34245808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain and neuronal circuits constitute the most complex organ networks in human body. They not only control and coordinate functions of all other organs, but also represent one of the most-affected systems with stress, lifestyle and age. With global increase in aging populations, these neuropathologies have emerged as major concern for maintaining quality of life. Recent era has witnessed a surge in nutritional remediation of brain dysfunctions primarily by "nutraceuticals" that refer to functional foods and supplements with pharmacological potential. Specific dietary patterns with a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and micronutrients have also been ascertained to promote brain health. Dietary herbs and their phytochemicals with wide range of biological and pharmacological activities and minimal adverse effects have gained remarkable attention as neuro-nutraceuticals. Neuro-nutraceutical potentials of herbs are often expressed as effects on cognitive response, circadian rhythm, neuromodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that are mediated by effects on gene expression, epigenetics, protein synthesis along with their turnover and metabolic pathways. Epidemiological and experimental evidence have implicated enormous applications of herbal supplementation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. The present review highlights the identification, experimental evidence and applications of some herbs including Bacopa monniera, Withania somnifera, Curcuma longa, Helicteres angustifolia, Undaria pinnatifida, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Vitis vinifera, as neuro-nutraceuticals.
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Firdaus Z, Singh TD. An Insight in Pathophysiological Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease and its Management Using Plant Natural Products. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:35-57. [PMID: 32744972 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200730155928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated nervous system disorder and a leading cause of dementia worldwide. Clinically, it is described by cognitive impairment and pathophysiologically by deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and neurodegeneration. This article reviews the pathophysiology, course of neuronal degeneration, and the various possible hypothesis of AD progression. These hypotheses include amyloid cascade, tau hyperphosphorylation, cholinergic disruption, metal dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. There is an exponential increase in the occurrence of AD in the recent few years that indicate an urgent need to develop some effective treatment. Currently, only 2 classes of drugs are available for AD treatment, namely acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA receptor antagonist. Since AD is a complex neurological disorder and these drugs use a single target approach, alternatives are needed due to limited effectiveness and unpleasant side-effects of these drugs. Currently, plants have been used for drug development research especially because of their multiple sites of action and fewer side effects. Uses of some herbs and phytoconstituents for the management of neuronal disorders like AD have been documented in this article. Phytochemical screening of these plants shows the presence of many beneficial constituents like flavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols, polyphenols, and tannins. These compounds show a wide array of pharmacological activities, such as anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidants. This article summarizes the present understanding of AD progression and gathers biochemical evidence from various works on natural products that can be useful in the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India
| | - Tryambak Deo Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, India
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14
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
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15
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Chemical Analysis of the Ingredients of 20% Aqueous Ethanol Extract of Nardostachys jatamansi through Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Component. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5901653. [PMID: 33976703 PMCID: PMC8084687 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5901653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nardostachys spp. have been widely used in Asia as a folk medicine. In particular, the extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi, a species that grows in China, India, and Tibet, have been used to treat mental disorders, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and convulsions. In this investigation, the potential of 20% aqueous ethanol extract of N. jatamansi (NJ20) as a botanical drug was explored by chemically investigating its constituents and its anti-neuroinflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced in vitro and in vivo models. Nine secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from NJ20, and quantitative analysis of these metabolites revealed desoxo-narchinol A as the major constituent. In LPS-challenged cells, pretreatment with NJ20 inhibited the LPS-induced excessive production of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. NJ20 also attenuated the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2. Additionally, pre-intraperitoneal injection of NJ20 downregulated the mRNA overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of the LPS-stimulated C57BL/c mouse model. Chemical and biological investigations of NJ20 revealed that it is a potential inhibitor of LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses in microglial cells and mouse models. The major active constituent of NJ20, desoxo-narchinol A, demonstrated anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Hence, our findings indicate that NJ20 may be a promising herbal mixture for developing a functional product and/or herbal drug for treating neuroinflammatory diseases.
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16
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Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae-A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050846. [PMID: 33922184 PMCID: PMC8144999 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.
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17
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Neuroprotective Effects of Coffee Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010107. [PMID: 33374338 PMCID: PMC7795778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is usually identified as a stimulant because of a high content of caffeine. However, caffeine is not the only coffee bioactive component. The coffee beverage is in fact a mixture of a number of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids (in green beans) and caffeic acid (in roasted coffee beans), alkaloids (caffeine and trigonelline), and the diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol). Extensive research shows that coffee consumption appears to have beneficial effects on human health. Regular coffee intake may protect from many chronic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and some types of cancer. Importantly, coffee consumption seems to be also correlated with a decreased risk of developing some neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia. Regular coffee intake may also reduce the risk of stroke. The mechanism underlying these effects is, however, still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the neuroprotective potential of the main bioactive coffee components, i.e., caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, trigonelline, kahweol, and cafestol. Data from both in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments, including their potential therapeutic applications, are reviewed and discussed. Epidemiological studies and clinical reports on this matter are also described. Moreover, potential molecular mechanism(s) by which coffee bioactive components may provide neuroprotection are reviewed.
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18
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Khalilzadeh S, Eftkhar T, Shirbeigi L, Tabarrai M, Toliyat T, Fayazmanesh S, Ghasemi Z, Shamohammadi S. Efficacy of a vaginal tablet as a Persian medicine product on vulvovaginal candidiasis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:574-580. [PMID: 32615837 PMCID: PMC8641665 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1784236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: In Persian medicine, topical ingredients such as Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae), are usually recommended for the treatment of uterine diseases. Scientific evaluation of these historical documents can be valuable for finding new potential use in conventional medicine.Objective: This clinical trial was performed to determine whether the use of the 'ward' vaginal tablet, which contains Rosa damascena, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), Querqus infectoria Oliv. (Fagaceae), Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) and Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC. (Caprifoliaceae) could alleviate the symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis.Materials and methods: A parallel double-blinded placebo-controlled study was done. Eighteen to fifty-year-old women with vulvovaginal candidiasis were divided into the 'ward' and placebo groups, 46 individuals in each group. The 'ward' group received the 'ward' vaginal tablet containing 200 mg of dried extract. Placebo group received a placebo (composed of corn starch and lactose). One tablet was applied through the vagina for 7 consecutive nights.Results: Two weeks after medication administration, the vaginal discharge sample of patients was re-cultured; 29 patients (63.045%) in the 'ward' group and 6 (13.04%) patients in the placebo group had negative culture (p < 0.001). All clinical symptoms including itching, irritation, and vaginal discharge were significantly reduced in the 'ward' group compared with the placebo group following the intervention and the follow up (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusions: The findings suggest the 'ward' vaginal tablet could ameliorate vulvovaginal candidiasis. Future larger studies are recommended due to compare the therapeutic effect of the 'ward' vaginal tablet with common treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Khalilzadeh
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Eftkhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laila Shirbeigi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Tabarrai
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Toliyat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Fayazmanesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghasemi
- Medical Mycology of Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safar Shamohammadi
- Razi Hospital Laboratory, Faculty member in medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Suganya K, Liu QF, Koo BS. Santalum album extract exhibits neuroprotective effect against the TLR3-mediated neuroinflammatory response in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1991-2004. [PMID: 33166007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the nervous system that is associated with various neurological diseases including Alzheimer's diseases and others. Many studies evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of Santalum album (S. album) extract, but none of them analyzed its effects against neuroinflammatory response in vitro. In addition, the precise mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of S. album extract on modulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist polyinosnic-polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C)-induced neuroinflammatory response in human neuroblastoma cells. The TLR3-mediated immune response was differentially modulated by S. album extract in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, treatment of cells with the conditioned medium (CM) of S. album extract significantly increased the mRNA levels of IFN-β, IFN-α, MxA and OAS-1 and decreased IL-6, CXCL8, CCL2 and IP-10. S. album extract has indirectly affected the expression of IFNs and inflammatory cytokines in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, the extract was able to modulate PolyI:C-induced inflammatory response in Caco2 cells. Overall, S. album was capable to attenuate PolyI:C-induced neuroinflammatory effect through the induction of TLR2, TLR4 and the modulation of TLR negative regulators of the TRAF3, IRF3 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmani Suganya
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeogju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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20
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Shin M, Liu QF, Choi B, Shin C, Lee B, Yuan C, Song YJ, Yun HS, Lee IS, Koo BS, Cho KS. Neuroprotective Effects of Limonene (+) against Aβ42-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:409-417. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
| | | | - Changmin Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Chunyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - You Jin Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Hye Sup Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University
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21
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Genetic Dissection of Alzheimer's Disease Using Drosophila Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030884. [PMID: 32019113 PMCID: PMC7037931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a main cause of dementia, is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is related to abnormal accumulation of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein. Despite decades of intensive research, the mechanisms underlying AD remain elusive, and the only available treatment remains symptomatic. Molecular understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of AD is necessary to develop disease-modifying treatment. Drosophila, as the most advanced genetic model, has been used to explore the molecular mechanisms of AD in the last few decades. Here, we introduce Drosophila AD models based on human Aβ and summarize the results of their genetic dissection. We also discuss the utility of functional genomics using the Drosophila system in the search for AD-associated molecular mechanisms in the post-genomic era.
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22
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Rehman T, Ahmad S. Nardostachys chinensis
Batalin: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2622-2648. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayyeba Rehman
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative MedicineThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- University College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative MedicineThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative MedicineThe Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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23
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Zhao Y, Li B, Yu YF, Wu PQ, Yu CX, Su PJ, Zhi DJ, Qi FM, Fei DQ, Zhang ZX. Narjatamanins A and B, a pair of novel epimers possessing a 2,3-seco-iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge from Nardostachys jatamansi and evaluation of their effects on worm paralysis in AD C. elegans. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24333-24337. [PMID: 35527903 PMCID: PMC9069666 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04485j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Narjatamanins A (1) and B (2), a pair of epimers possessing a novel 2,3-seco-iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge, were isolated from the whole plants of Nardostachys jatamansi. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of various spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, IR and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The pharmacological activities of 1 and 2 to alleviate AD-like symptoms were also evaluated using the Caenorhabditis elegans Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological model, and narjatamanins A (1) and B (2) showed statistically significant delay in the worm paralysis phenotype of AD-like symptoms. Narjatamanins A (1) and B (2), a pair of epimers possessing a novel 2,3-seco-iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge, were isolated from the whole plants of Nardostachys jatamansi.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Qian Wu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xue Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Jie Su
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - De-Juan Zhi
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qing Fei
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
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24
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Isolation of Novel Sesquiterpeniods and Anti-neuroinflammatory Metabolites from Nardostachys jatamansi. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092367. [PMID: 30227591 PMCID: PMC6225174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nardostachys jatamansi contains various types of sesquiterpenoids that may play an important role in the potency of plant's anti-inflammatory effects, depending on their structure. In this study, five new sesquiterpenoids, namely kanshone L (1), kanshone M (2), 7-methoxydesoxo-narchinol (3), kanshone N (4), and nardosdaucanol (5), were isolated along with four known terpenoids (kanshone D (6), nardosinanone G (7), narchinol A (8), and nardoaristolone B (9)) from the rhizomes and roots of Nardostachys jatamansi. Their structures were determined by analyzing 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Among the nine sesquiterpenoids, compounds 3, 4, and 8 were shown to possess dose-dependent inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 microglial cells. Furthermore, compounds 3, 4, and 8 exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, these compounds were shown to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of IκB-α and blocking NF-κB translocation. In conclusion, five new and four known sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi, and compounds 3, 4, and 8 exhibited anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells through inhibiting of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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