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Qu J, Chen Q, Wei T, Dou N, Shang D, Yuan D. Systematic characterization of Puerariae Flos metabolites in vivo and assessment of its protective mechanisms against alcoholic liver injury in a rat model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:915535. [PMID: 36110520 PMCID: PMC9468746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.915535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerariae Flos, a representative homology plant of medicine and food for alcoholism, has a long history of clinical experience and remarkable curative effect in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, its effective forms and hepatoprotective mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, a strategy based on UPLC-QTOF MS combined with mass defect filtering technique was established for comprehensive mapping of the metabolic profile of PF in rat plasma, urine, bile, and feces after oral administration. Furthermore, the absorbed constituents into plasma and bile with a relatively high level were subjected to the network analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking to clarify the potential mechanism. Finally, the therapeutic effect of PF on ALD and predicted mechanisms were further evaluated using a rat model of alcohol-induced liver injury and Western blot analysis. In total, 25 prototype components and 82 metabolites, including 93 flavonoids, 13 saponins, and one phenolic acid, were identified or tentatively characterized in vivo. In addition, glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, hydroxylation, and reduction were observed as the major metabolic pathways of PF. The constructed compound–target–pathway network revealed that 11 absorbed constituents associated with the 16 relevant targets could be responsible for the protective activity of PF against ALD by regulating nine pathways attributable to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid regulation as well as inflammation and immune regulation. In addition, four active ingredients (6″-O-xylosyltectoridin, genistein-7-glucuronide-4′-sulfate, tectoridin-4′-sulfate, and 6″-O-xylosyltectoridin-4′-sulfate) as well as two target genes (MAO-A and PPAR-α) were screened and validated to play a crucial role with a good molecular docking score. The present results not only increase the understanding on the effective form and molecular mechanisms of PF-mediated protection against ALD but also promote better application of PF as a supplement food and herbal medicine for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianfu Wei
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Dou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Shang, ; Dan Yuan,
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Shang, ; Dan Yuan,
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Lertpatipanpong P, Janpaijit S, Park EY, Kim CT, Baek SJ. Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity of Pueraria lobata Flower (Flos Puerariae) Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173970. [PMID: 32878147 PMCID: PMC7504745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi. (P. lobata) flowers known as ‘Kudzu flower’ contain isoflavonoids and essential oil components. They have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, including protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperglycemia, and hypolipidemia, anti-mutagenic effects, and benefits for weight loss. However, the molecular mechanism of these effects remains unclear. Our study aimed to systematically examine the effects of flos puerariae crude extract (FPE) as an anti-diabetic agent using in vitro assays. The cytotoxicity of FPE was evaluated using MTS assay in L6 rat myocyte and 3T3-L1 murine fibroblast cell lines. PPARγ binding activity and adipogenesis were examined using dual-luciferase and differentiation assays, respectively. For investigating the anti-diabetic activity, glucose utilization, including GLUT4 protein expression, glucose uptake assay, and GLUT4 translocation using immunofluorescence microscopy were conducted in L6 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of FPE. Our results demonstrated the ability to augment glucose uptake in L6 cells and enhance glucose utilization activity by increasing the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). In summary, our findings suggest that FPE may be a potential anti-diabetic substance for the treatment of diabetic patients and can prevent inflammatory or oxidation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattawika Lertpatipanpong
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Sakawrat Janpaijit
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eul-Yong Park
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16642, Korea; (E.-Y.P.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16642, Korea; (E.-Y.P.); (C.-T.K.)
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal transduction, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (P.L.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-1195
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Jeong HJ, Kim MH, Kim H, Kim HY, Nam SY, Han NR, Lee B, Cho H, Moon PD, Kim HM. PCE17 and its active compounds exert an anti-osteoporotic effect through the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in ovariectomized mice. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Technology; Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-eup; Asan Chungcheongnam-do 31499 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Department of Computer Aided Mechanical Engineering; Sohae Collage; Gunsan Jeonbuk 573-717 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Hosong Cho
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Dong Moon
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Cheng M, Cao S, Qiao M, Zhang B, Ding L, Qiu F. New hepatoprotective isoflavone glucosides from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3485-3492. [PMID: 29968479 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1484461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two new isoflavone glucosides, 3'-methoxyneopuerarin A (1) and 3'-methoxyneopuerarin B (2), together with nine known isoflavones including puerarin (3), neopuerarin A (4), neopuerarin B (5), daidzin (6), daidzein (7), 3'-methoxypuerarin (PG-3) (8), puerarin xyloside (9), mirificin (10), 3'-hydroxypuerarin (11) were isolated from the water extraction of the dried roots of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Their structures were elucidated by the means of spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis methods. All compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective activity on HepG2 cells. All of them showed statistically significant hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Sun
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Shijie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Miao Qiao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
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5
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Consumption ofPuerariaFlower Extract Reduces Body Mass Indexviaa Decrease in the Visceral Fat Area in Obese Humans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1511-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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6
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Takano A, Kamiya T, Tsubata M, Ikeguchi M, Takagaki K, Kinjo J. Oral Toxicological Studies ofPuerariaFlower Extract: Acute Toxicity Study in Mice and Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats. J Food Sci 2013; 78:T1814-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takano
- Research and Development Div.; Toyoshinyaku Co. Ltd.; Saga Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kamiya
- Research and Development Div.; Toyoshinyaku Co. Ltd.; Saga Japan
| | - Masahito Tsubata
- Research and Development Div.; Toyoshinyaku Co. Ltd.; Saga Japan
| | - Motoya Ikeguchi
- Research and Development Div.; Toyoshinyaku Co. Ltd.; Saga Japan
| | - Kinya Takagaki
- Research and Development Div.; Toyoshinyaku Co. Ltd.; Saga Japan
| | - Junei Kinjo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuoka Univ.; Fukuoka Japan
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7
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Lu J, Sun JH, Tan Y, Kano Y, Yuan D. New triterpenoid saponins from the flowers of Pueraria thomsonii. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:1065-1072. [PMID: 24168266 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.802690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, kakkasaponin II (1) and kakkasaponin III (2), were isolated from the methanol extract of the flowers of Pueraria thomsonii (Leguminosae), together with seven known oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, phaseoside IV (3), sophoradiol monoglucuronide (4), kakkasaponin I (5), kaikasaponin III (6), soyasaponin I (7), soyasaponin III (8), and soyasaponin IV (9). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including IR, ESI-TOF-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , 110016 , China
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8
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Lu J, Xie Y, Tan Y, Qu J, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M, Yuan D. Simultaneous Determination of Isoflavones, Saponins and Flavones in Flos Puerariae by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61:941-51. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c13-00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yao Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jialin Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Dan Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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9
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Murata K, Noguchi K, Kondo M, Onishi M, Watanabe N, Okamura K, Matsuda H. Inhibitory activities of Puerariae Flos against testosterone 5α-reductase and its hair growth promotion activities. J Nat Med 2011; 66:158-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Wong KH, Li GQ, Li KM, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Chan K. Kudzu root: traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:584-607. [PMID: 21315814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kudzu root (Gegen in Chinese) is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, a semi-woody, perennial and leguminous vine native to South East Asia. It is often used interchangeably in traditional Chinese medicine with thomson kudzu root (Fengen in Chinese), the dried root of P. thomsonii, although the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has separated them into two monographs since the 2005 edition. For more than 2000 years, kudzu root has been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of fever, acute dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Both English and Chinese literatures on the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, quality control and potential interactions with conventional drugs of both species have been included in the present review. Over seventy phytochemicals have been identified in kudzu root, with isoflavonoids and triterpenoids as the major constituents. Isoflavonoids, in particular puerarin, have been used in most of the pharmacological studies. Animal and cellular studies have provided support for the traditional uses of kudzu root on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine systems, including diabetes and its complications. Further studies to define the active phytochemical compositions, quality standards and clinical efficacy are warranted. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between traditional medicine and modern biomedical medicine is therefore needed for the development of kudzu root as an effective medicine for the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka H Wong
- Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Zhang ZT, Guo YN, Liu QG. Syntheses and crystal structures of [Na(H2O)](C17H13O6SO3)* 2H2O and [NKH2O)6]C17H13O6SO3)2*H2O. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20040220919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Niiho Y, Nakajima Y, Yamazaki T, Okamoto M, Tsuchihashi R, Kodera M, Kinjo J, Nohara T. Simultaneous analysis of isoflavones and saponins in Pueraria flowers using HPLC coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector and isolation of a new isoflavone diglucoside. J Nat Med 2010; 64:313-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Tsuchihashi R, Kodera M, Sakamoto S, Nakajima Y, Yamazaki T, Niiho Y, Nohara T, Kinjo J. Microbial transformation and bioactivation of isoflavones from Pueraria flowers by human intestinal bacterial strains. J Nat Med 2009; 63:254-60. [PMID: 19219523 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-009-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The flowers from Pueraria, which are called Puerariae Flos, have been used since ancient times for recovery from alcohol intoxication. We elucidated the microbial transformation of the main isoflavones (1, 1a and 2) by using 29 commercially available human intestinal bacterial strains together with the bioactivation of the hepatoprotective activity of their metabolites. Tectoridin (1a), which contains only one glucosyl moiety, was metabolized to its aglycone 1b by various bacterial strains. On the other hand, the metabolism of 1 and 2, which both have disaccharide groups, was limited to specific bacterial strains. The metabolites 1c and 2c obtained from the Peptostreptococcus productus strain were completely different from those produced by the other strains. These metabolites were identified as 6-hydroxygenistein and 6-hydroxybiochanin A, respectively. The glycosides 1, 1a and 2 did not show any hepatoprotective activity, whereas aglycones 1b and 2b showed moderate activity. Furthermore, the hepatoprotective activity of the demethylated metabolites 1c and 2c was extremely potent. Although not all people have P. productus in their gastrointestinal tract, the O-demethylated compounds might become one of the bioactivated metabolites when Puerariae Flos is administered orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tsuchihashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Lee HU, Bae EA, Kim DH. Hepatoprotective Effects of Irisolidone on tert-Butyl Hyperoxide-Induced Liver Injury. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:531-3. [PMID: 15744084 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the hepatoprotective effects of kakkalide and its metabolite irisolidone by human fecal microflora, their effects on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-injured HepG2 cells and mice were investigated. Irisolidone protected HepG2 cells against cytotoxicity induced by t-BHP. However, kakkalide did not protect cytotoxicity. When kakkalide 100 mg/kg was orally administered to mice injured by t-BHP, it significantly inhibited the increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities by 84% and 85% of t-BHP-treated control group, respectively. The inhibitory effect of kakkalide is much more potent than that of silybin, a hepatoprotective agent. However, intraperitoneally administered kakkalide did not exhibit hepatoprotective activity. When irisolidone was intraperitoneally administered to mice, it exhibited potent hepatoprotective activity. Based on these findings, irisolidone can be hepatoprotective and kakkalide may be a prodrug transformed to irisolidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ung Lee
- Kyung Hee University, College of Pharmacy, Hoegi, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Nohara T. [Search for functions of natural oligoglycosides--Solanaceae and Leguminosae origin glycosides]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2004; 124:183-205. [PMID: 15067183 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.124.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our extensive investigation of the isoprenoidal glycosides in Solanaceae and Leguminosae folk medicines to verify their effectiveness, antiherpes and anti-HSV-1 activities, and hepatoprotective action has resulted in the elucidation of their structure-activity relationships. We present the respective optimum models here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nohara
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
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16
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Rao AV, Gurfinkel DM. The bioactivity of saponins: triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides. DRUG METABOLISM AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 2001; 17:211-35. [PMID: 11201296 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi.2000.17.1-4.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides, referred to collectively as saponins, are bioactive compounds present naturally in many plants. They have considerable potential as pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical agents in natural or synthetic form. Saponins, from a variety of sources, have been shown to have hypocholesterolemic, anti-coagulant, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. This paper reviews saponin research of the last decade, focussing on developments in understanding their mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships. Virtually all of this work has used animal and in vitro models. To date there are very few human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Rao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
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