1
|
Salama Y, Lin SY, Dhahri D, Hattori K, Heissig B. The fibrinolytic factor tPA drives LRP1-mediated melanoma growth and metastasis. FASEB J 2018; 33:3465-3480. [PMID: 30458112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801339rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional endocytic receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1 has recently been identified as a hub within a biomarker network for multicancer clinical outcome prediction. The mechanism how LRP1 modulates cancer progression is poorly understood. In this study we found that LRP1 and one of its ligands, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), are expressed in melanoma cells and control melanoma growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic studies were performed on 2 melanoma cancer cell lines, B16F10 and the B16F1 cells, both of which form primary melanoma tumors, but only B16F10 cells metastasize to the lungs. Tumor-, but not niche cell-derived tPA, enhanced melanoma cell proliferation in tPA-/- mice. Gain-of-function experiments revealed that melanoma LRP1 is critical for tumor growth, recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells into the tumor bed, and metastasis. Melanoma LRP1 was found to enhance ERK activation, resulting in increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 RNA, protein, and secreted activity, a well-known modulator of melanoma metastasis. Restoration of LRP1 and tPA in the less aggressive, poorly metastatic B16F1 tumor cells enhanced tumor cell proliferation and led to massive lung metastasis in murine tumor models. Antimelanoma drug treatment induced tPA and LRP1 expression. tPA or LRP1 knockdown enhanced chemosensitivity in melanoma cells. Our results identify the tPA-LRP1 pathway as a key switch that drives melanoma progression, in part by modulating the cellular composition and proteolytic makeup of the tumor niche. Targeting this pathway may be a novel treatment strategy in combination treatments for melanoma.-Salama, Y., Lin, S.-Y., Dhahri, D., Hattori, K., Heissig, B. The fibrinolytic factor tPA drives LRP1-mediated melanoma growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Shiou-Yuh Lin
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Atopy (Allergy) Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eiamboonsert S, Salama Y, Watarai H, Dhahri D, Tsuda Y, Okada Y, Hattori K, Heissig B. The role of plasmin in the pathogenesis of murine multiple myeloma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 488:387-392. [PMID: 28501622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aside from a role in clot dissolution, the fibrinolytic factor, plasmin is implicated in tumorigenesis. Although abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been reported in multiple myeloma patients, the biological roles of fibrinolytic factors in multiple myeloma (MM) using in vivo models have not been elucidated. In this study, we established a murine model of fulminant MM with bone marrow and extramedullar engraftment after intravenous injection of B53 cells. We found that the fibrinolytic factor expression pattern in murine B53 MM cells is similar to the expression pattern reported in primary human MM cells. Pharmacological targeting of plasmin using the plasmin inhibitors YO-2 did not change disease progression in MM cell bearing mice although systemic plasmin levels was suppressed. Our findings suggest that although plasmin has been suggested to be a driver for disease progression using clinical patient samples in MM using mostly in vitro studies, here we demonstrate that suppression of plasmin generation or inhibition of plasmin cannot alter MM progression in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salita Eiamboonsert
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 850-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshio Okada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 850-8586, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Atopy Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hinkes S, Wuttke A, Saupe SM, Ivanova T, Wagner S, Knörlein A, Heine A, Klebe G, Steinmetzer T. Optimization of Cyclic Plasmin Inhibitors: From Benzamidines to Benzylamines. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6370-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hinkes
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - André Wuttke
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Saupe
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Teodora Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Knörlein
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg
6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Horani RA, Desai UR. Recent advances on plasmin inhibitors for the treatment of fibrinolysis-related disorders. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1168-1216. [PMID: 24659483 PMCID: PMC8788159 DOI: 10.1002/med.21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that plasmin is involved in a number of physiological processes in addition to its key role in fibrin cleavage. Plasmin inhibition is critical in preventing adverse consequences arising from plasmin overactivity, e.g., blood loss that may follow cardiac surgery. Aprotinin was widely used as an antifibrinolytic drug before its discontinuation in 2008. Tranexamic acid and ε-aminocaproic acid, two small molecule plasmin inhibitors, are currently used in the clinic. Several molecules have been designed utilizing covalent, but reversible, chemistry relying on reactive cyclohexanones, nitrile warheads, and reactive aldehyde peptidomimetics. Other major classes of plasmin inhibitors include the cyclic peptidomimetics and polypeptides of the Kunitz and Kazal-type. Allosteric inhibitors of plasmin have also been designed including small molecule lysine analogs that bind to plasmin's kringle domain(s) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan mimetics that bind to plasmin's catalytic domain. Plasmin inhibitors have also been explored for resolving other disease states including cell metastasis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and embryo implantation. This review highlights functional and structural aspects of plasmin inhibitors with the goal of advancing their design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Al-Horani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Inhibition of plasmin attenuates murine acute graft-versus-host disease mortality by suppressing the matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent inflammatory cytokine storm and effector cell trafficking. Leukemia 2014; 29:145-56. [PMID: 24791857 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response observed during acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is driven by proinflammatory cytokines, a 'cytokine storm'. The function of plasmin in regulating the inflammatory response is not fully understood, and its role in the development of aGVHD remains unresolved. Here we show that plasmin is activated during the early phase of aGVHD in mice, and its activation correlated with aGVHD severity in humans. Pharmacological plasmin inhibition protected against aGVHD-associated lethality in mice. Mechanistically, plasmin inhibition impaired the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the release of membrane-associated proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Fas-ligand directly, or indirectly via matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and alters monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) signaling. We propose that plasmin and potentially MMP-9 inhibition offers a novel therapeutic strategy to control the deadly cytokine storm in patients with aGVHD, thereby preventing tissue destruction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Saupe SM, Leubner S, Betz M, Klebe G, Steinmetzer T. Development of New Cyclic Plasmin Inhibitors with Excellent Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:820-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3012917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Saupe
- Department
of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Leubner
- Department
of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Betz
- Department
of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Department
of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department
of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Markowska A, Bruzgo M, Surażyński A, Midura-Nowaczek K. Tripeptides with non-code amino acids as potential serine proteases inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:639-43. [PMID: 22299583 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.651463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight peptides of the general H-D-Ser-AA-Arg-OH formula, where AA = phenylglycine, phenylalanine, homophenylalanine, cyclohexylglycine, cyclohexylalanine, homocyclohexylalanine, α-methylphenylalanine and 1-aminocyclohexyl carboxylic acid were obtained and tested for their effect on the amidolytic activities of urokinase, thrombin, trypsin, plasmin, t-PA and kallikrein. We tested the hemolytic activity of the peptides against porcine erythrocytes and the antitumor activity against the human breast cancer cells, standard MCF-7 and estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231. The most active compounds were H-D-Ser-Chg-Arg-OH towards thrombin and H-D-Ser-Phg-Arg-OH towards plasmin with K(i) value 5.02 μM and 5.7 μM, respectively.
Collapse
|
8
|
Saupe SM, Steinmetzer T. A New Strategy for the Development of Highly Potent and Selective Plasmin Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2011996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Saupe
- Department of Pharmacy,
Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmacy,
Institute of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg,
Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gohda K, Teno N, Wanaka K, Tsuda Y. Predicting subsite interactions of plasmin with substrates and inhibitors through computational docking analysis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:571-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.603129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Gohda
- Computer-Aided Molecular Modeling Research Center, Kansai (CAMM-Kansai),
Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Teno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hiroshima International University,
Kure, Japan
| | - Keiko Wanaka
- Kobe Research Projects on Thrombosis and Haemostasis,
Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University,
Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mozzicafreddo M, Cuccioloni M, Bonfili L, Eleuteri AM, Fioretti E, Angeletti M. Antiplasmin activity of natural occurring polyphenols. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:995-1001. [PMID: 18456009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium between proteolytic enzymes and their cognate inhibitors is crucial in a number of physiological as well as pathological processes, including cancer, inflammatory processes and thrombosis. Therefore, both synthetic and natural small molecule inhibitors are object of extensive studies as drugs in the treatment of these pathologies. Two natural occurring polyphenolic compounds, representative of glycosylated and unglycosylated flavonoid structures, namely quercetin and rutin, were thereby tested as potential ligands of plasmin(ogen), a serine (pro)protease, whose role in tumor cell invasion and migration has been reported. Quercetin showed a ten folds higher affinity with plasmin with respect to rutin in terms of equilibrium dissociation constant, both compounds acting as in vitro moderate reversible inhibitors; additionally, quercetin and rutin prevented plasmin-incubated BB1 cells from releasing E-cadherin fragment to a different extent, respectively. Furthermore, a feasible mechanism of interaction was analyzed and discussed using a molecular modeling approach.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue F, Seto CT. Structure–activity studies of cyclic ketone inhibitors of the serine protease plasmin: Design, synthesis, and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8467-87. [PMID: 16971130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three series of cyclic ketone inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated against the serine protease plasmin. Peptide inhibitors that incorporated 3-oxotetrahydrofuran and 3-oxotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide groups had the highest activities. Alkylamino substituents, which were designed to bind in the S1 subsite of plasmin, were attached to the inhibitors. Compounds 5c and 5g, which incorporated 6-aminohexyl substituents, were found to be optimal and demonstrated IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Incorporating conformationally constrained peptide segments into the inhibitors did not improve their activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengtian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Box H, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|