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Liu Y, An Z, He Y. The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Bergenia purparescens: A review comments and suggestions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22249. [PMID: 38058656 PMCID: PMC10695993 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenia purpurascens (B. purpurascens, Saxifragaceae) has been used to treat several diseases in different countries, such as lung diseases, stomach problems, rheumatic pains, boosting immunity etc. However, the information on phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of this plant has rarely been comprehensively and critically reported. This paper aims to study and evaluate its therapeutic potential, including the traditional uses and all the latest information of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. The main components of this plant are phenols compounds and the characteristic substance is bergenin.The results about modern pharmacology have shown that its pharmacological effects include antibacterial, antiviral, cough relieving, anti-inflammatory and so on. In addition, it could inhibit diabetic neuropathy, restore insulin secretion, treat cancer, protect liver and prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, its therapeutic fields may be cancer, diabetic and AD in the future. The information will help to further update and study pharmacologic effect and action mechanism of this herb, which is more widely, effectively, and safely used in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- BiJie Medical College, China
| | - Zhenxiang An
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yuanli He
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Bergenin or Its Derivatives: A Promising Molecule. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030403. [PMID: 36979338 PMCID: PMC10046151 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin is a glycosidic derivative of trihydroxybenzoic acid that was discovered in 1880 by Garreau and Machelart from the rhizomes of the medicinal plant Bergenia crassifolia (currently: Saxifraga crassifolia—Saxifragaceae), though was later isolated from several other plant sources. Since its first report, it has aroused interest because it has several pharmacological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In addition to this, bergenin has shown potential antimalarial, antileishmanial, trypanocidal, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antinociceptive, antiarthritic, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic/antiobesity, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Thus, this review aimed to describe the sources of isolation of bergenin and its in vitro and in vivo biological and pharmacological activities. Bergenin is distributed in many plant species (at least 112 species belonging to 34 families). Both its derivatives (natural and semisynthetic) and extracts with phytochemical proof of its highest concentration are well studied, and none of the studies showed cytotoxicity for healthy cells.
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Periferakis A, Periferakis K, Badarau IA, Petran EM, Popa DC, Caruntu A, Costache RS, Scheau C, Caruntu C, Costache DO. Kaempferol: Antimicrobial Properties, Sources, Clinical, and Traditional Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315054. [PMID: 36499380 PMCID: PMC9740324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a category of plant-derived compounds which exhibit a large number of health-related effects. One of the most well-known and studied flavonoids is kaempferol, which can be found in a wide variety of herbs and plant families. Apart from their anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects, kaempferol and its associated compounds also exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities. The development of drugs and treatment schemes based on these compounds is becoming increasingly important in the face of emerging resistance of numerous pathogens as well as complex molecular interactions between various drug therapies. In addition, many of the kaempferol-containing plants are used in traditional systems all over the world for centuries to treat numerous conditions. Due to its variety of sources and associated compounds, some molecular mechanisms of kaempferol antimicrobial activity are well known while others are still under analysis. This paper thoroughly documents the vegetal and food sources of kaempferol as well as the most recent and significant studies regarding its antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P), 17236 Athens, Greece
- Orasis Acupuncture Institute, 11526 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Madalina Petran
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Grigore Alexandrescu Emergency Children’s Hospital, 011743 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Codruta Popa
- Department of Biochemistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Simona Costache
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Clinic, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N.C. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Octavian Costache
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Rajput SA, Mirza MR, Choudhary MI. Bergenin protects pancreatic beta cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241349. [PMID: 33347462 PMCID: PMC7751853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines is one of the hallmarks of diabetes. Small molecules which can inhibit the cytokine-induced apoptosis could lead to new drug candidates that can be used in combination with existing therapeutic interventions against diabetes. The current study evaluated several effects of bergenin, an isocoumarin derivative, in beta cells in the presence of cytokines. These included (i) increase in beta cell viability (by measuring cellular ATP levels) (ii) suppression of beta cell apoptosis (by measuring caspase activity), (iii) improvement in beta cell function (by measuring glucose-stimulated insulin secretion), and (iv) improvement of beta cells mitochondrial physiological functions. The experiments were carried out using rat beta INS-1E cell line in the presence or absence of bergenin and a cocktail of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon- gamma) for 48 hr. Bergenin significantly inhibited beta cell apoptosis, as inferred from the reduction in the caspase-3 activity (IC50 = 7.29 ± 2.45 μM), and concurrently increased cellular ATP Levels (EC50 = 1.97 ± 0.47 μM). Bergenin also significantly enhanced insulin secretion (EC50 = 6.73 ± 2.15 μM) in INS-1E cells, presumably because of the decreased nitric oxide production (IC50 = 6.82 ± 2.83 μM). Bergenin restored mitochondrial membrane potential (EC50 = 2.27 ± 0.83 μM), decreased ROS production (IC50 = 14.63 ± 3.18 μM), and improved mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (EC50 = 1.39 ± 0.62 μM). This study shows for the first time that bergenin protected beta cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis and restored insulin secretory function by virtue of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. To sum up, the above mentioned data highlight bergenin as a promising anti-apoptotic agent in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ali Rajput
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Agu KC, Ayevbuomwan M, Imade RO, Okolie PN, Elekofehinti OO, Falodun A, Eluehike LN, Tasie MC, Ovie JJ, Obiajuru SK, Enakeno OR, Otsupius JA, Kashetu AI, Akeiti FO. Biochemical investigation of the upstream anti-sickling mechanisms of soursop ( Annona muricata): 15-acetyl guanacone as an inhibitor of deoxyhaemoglobin polymerisation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1503-1520. [PMID: 33016836 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current sickle cell disease (SCD) therapies are limited and inefficient. The ethnomedicinal values of Annona muricata in the treatment of SCD, leading to this present research. Leaves and fruits of Annona muricata were processed using solvent extraction and partitioning; aqueous, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. In vitro (anti-oxidant and anti-sickling), in silico, quantitative (amino acids) and kinetic simulation experiments were done. 15-acetyl guanacone, was used, in silico against 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG) mutase and deoxyhaemoglobin. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions better NO● scavengers, iron-chelators and ferric reducing. In vitro unsickling (UT50) had ethyl acetate = 5 h and methanol = 7 h. Chloroform fraction had EC50 1.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 546 mg/mL) to 10.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 99 mg/mL). EC50 and IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction had steady-decrease. At higher concentration, chloroform fraction had higher Bmax (1.48 × 1021 U/mL) and higher Kd (3.66 × 1019 mg/mL), whereas, at a lower concentration, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated higher Bmax (7.23 × 1012 U/mL) and lower Kd (2.12 × 1011 mg/mL); The relative affinity (BP) of chloroform fraction increased progressively with concentration. The amino acid profile revealed rich concentrations glycine, valine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, and tryptophan. From the in silico experiments, 15-acetyl guanacone specifically targeted the A and B chains, with greater affinity for the beta subunit. This suggested that 15-acetyl guanacone might be able to prevent the polymerisation of deoxyHbSS, induce an allosteric conformational change that increases the oxygen affinity, and decrease the cellular 2, 3-BPG concentration.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Chukwunonso Agu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Merit Ayevbuomwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Rose Osarieme Imade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Paulinus Ngozi Okolie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Department of Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Falodun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lauretta Nkeiruka Eluehike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Chinaza Tasie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - John Jatto Ovie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Kelechi Obiajuru
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oghenebrozie Reke Enakeno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Amiosinor Otsupius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amina Isimenmen Kashetu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Faith Ofure Akeiti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Nikolaev YA, Tutel’yan AV, Loiko NG, Buck J, Sidorenko SV, Lazareva I, Gostev V, Manzen’yuk OY, Shemyakin IG, Abramovich RA, Huwyler J, El’-Registan GI. The use of 4-Hexylresorcinol as antibiotic adjuvant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239147. [PMID: 32960928 PMCID: PMC7508414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever decreasing efficiency of antibiotic treatment due to growing antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria is a critical issue in clinical practice. The two generally accepted major approaches to this problem are the search for new antibiotics and the development of antibiotic adjuvants to enhance the antimicrobial activity of known compounds. It was therefore the aim of the present study to test whether alkylresorcinols, a class of phenolic lipids, can be used as adjuvants to potentiate the effect of various classes of antibiotics. Alkylresorcinols were combined with 12 clinically used antibiotics. Growth-inhibiting activity against a broad range of pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms was determined. Test organisms did comprise 10 bacterial and 2 fungal collection strains, including E. coli and S. aureus, and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. The highest adjuvant activity was observed in the case of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), a natural compound found in plants with antimicrobial activity. 50% of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4-HR caused an up to 50-fold decrease in the MIC of antibiotics of various classes. Application of 4-HR as an adjuvant revealed its efficiency against germination of bacterial dormant forms (spores) and prevented formation of antibiotic-tolerant persister cells. Using an in vivo mouse model of K. pneumoniae-induced sepsis, we could demonstrate that the combination of 4-HR and polymyxin was highly effective. 75% of animals were free of infection after treatment as compared to none of the animals receiving the antibiotic alone. We conclude that alkylresorcinols such as 4-HR can be used as an adjuvant to increase the efficiency of several known antibiotics. We suggest that by this approach the risk for development of genetically determined antibiotic resistance can be minimized due to the multimodal mode of action of 4-HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. A. Nikolaev
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Tutel’yan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N. G. Loiko
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Buck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S. V. Sidorenko
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- I.I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. Lazareva
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- I.I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. Gostev
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- I.I. Mechnikov North Western State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. Y. Manzen’yuk
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Obolensk, Russia
| | - I. G. Shemyakin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor), Obolensk, Russia
| | - R. A. Abramovich
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Huwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - G. I. El’-Registan
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Antioxidant Properties of Embelin in Cell Culture. Electrochemistry and Theoretical Mechanism of Scavenging. Potential Scavenging of Superoxide Radical through the Cell Membrane. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050382. [PMID: 32380755 PMCID: PMC7278612 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin, a plant natural product found in Lysimachia punctata (Primulaceae), and Embelia ribes Burm (Myrsinaceae) fruit, possesses interesting biological and pharmacological properties. It is a unique chemical species as it includes both quinone and hydroquinone functional groups plus a long hydrophobic tail. By using hydrodynamic voltammetry, which generates the superoxide radical in situ, we show an unusual scavenging capability by embelin. Embelin as a scavenger of superoxide is stronger than the common food additive antioxidant 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-20 methylphenol, (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT). In fact, embelin is even able to completely abolish the superoxide radical in the voltaic cell. Computational results indicate that two different types of embelin scavenging actions may be involved, initially through π–π interaction and followed by proton capture in the cell. A related mechanism describes embelin’s ability to circumvent superoxide leaking by transforming the anion radical into molecular oxygen. In order to confirm its antioxidant properties, its biological activity was tested in a study carried out in THP-1 human leukemic monocytes and BV-2 mice microglia. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, proliferation curves and antioxidant activity by the use of a fluorescent probe showed good antioxidant properties at 24 h. This suggests that embelin’s long alkyl C10 tail may be useful for cell membrane insertion which stimulates the antioxidant defense system, and cytoprotection in microglia. In conclusion, embelin could be an interesting pharmacological tool able to decrease the damage associated with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Ondee S, Sithisarn P, Mangmool S, Rojsanga P. Chemical Standardization and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Ardisia elliptica Fruit against the HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051023. [PMID: 32106546 PMCID: PMC7179138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is intended to carry out the chemical standardization and evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity of A. elliptica fruit extract. A. elliptica fruit powder was extracted with ethanol. The obtained extract was assessed for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Moreover, a simple, accurate, and precise reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated to determine the embelin content of A. elliptica fruit extract. Then, the extract and embelin were investigated for their anti-proliferative effect against HCT-116 cells. Finally, the mechanisms of inhibition of the extract and embelin on the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bad, Bax, and Caspase-8 and anti-apoptotic genes c-IAP1, Mcl-1, and XIAP were determined by real-time qRT-PCR. The phenolic content and embelin content of the extract were 5.20 ± 0.01 g of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of dried fruit (g% GAE) and 5.57 ± 0.56 mg/g of extract, respectively. The extract and embelin showed strong anti-proliferative effects on HCT-116 cells with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 19.16 ± 1.09 µg/mL and 25.93 ± 1.75 µg/mL, respectively. The A. elliptica extract exhibited a significant increase in the mRNA level of Bad, Bax, and Caspase-8 and a significant decrease in c-IAP1, Mcl-1, and XIAP. Embelin showed a significant decrease in Mcl-1 and XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanuch Ondee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Pongtip Sithisarn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Piyanuch Rojsanga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +668-9206-2499
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Saharan P, Sadh PK, Duhan S, Duhan JS. Bio-enrichment of phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of commonly used pulses by solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Muhamad M, Choo CY, Hasuda T, Hitotsuyanagi Y. Estrogenic phytochemical from Labisia pumila (Myrsinaceae) with selectivity towards estrogen receptor alpha and beta subtypes. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunita Devi M, Khushboo M, Renthlei Z, Ibrahim KS, Kumar NS, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Isolation, characterization, and therapeutic activity of bergenin from marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) leaf on diabetic testicular complications in Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7082-7101. [PMID: 30648235 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bergenin is one of the phytochemical constituents in marlberry (Ardisia colorata Roxb.) having antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. A. colorata has been used as an herbal medicine in Southeast Asia particularly in Northeast India to treat diabetes. Bergenin was isolated from methanol extract of A. colorata leaf (MEACL) by column chromatography and TLC profiling. Characterization and structural validation of bergenin were performed by spectroscopic analyses. A LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitation of bergenin and validated as per the guidelines of FDA and EMA. The validated method was successfully utilized to quantify bergenin concentration in MEACL samples. Therapeutic efficacy of bergenin was investigated on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by following standard protocols. Bergenin supplementation significantly improved the physiological and metabolic processes and in turn reverses diabetic testicular dysfunction via increasing serum testosterone concentrations and expression pattern of PCNA, improving histopathological and histomorphometric manifestations, modulating spermatogenic events and germ cell proliferation, restoring sperm quality, reducing sperm DNA damage, and balancing the antioxidant enzymes levels. Hence, A. colorata leaf is one of the alternate rich resources of bergenin and could be used as a therapeutic agent for diabetic testicular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Maibam Sunita Devi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Zothanmawii Renthlei
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram Central University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
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Verma AK, Chennaiah A, Dubbu S, Vankar YD. Stereoselective synthesis of sugar-fused (or 1,2-annulated) isochromans and isochromanones by using oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8258-8262. [PMID: 30204196 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient stereoselective synthesis of sugar fused 1,2-annulated isochromans is reported by utilizing the oxa-Pictet-Spengler cyclization reaction. The process is found to be very general as both glucal and galactal derived C2-hydroxy-α-C-aryl glycosides lead to the target molecules in good yields. The utility of this strategy was extended to the synthesis of sugar fused isochromanones, which are bergenin type molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur - 208016, India.
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New alkylresorcinols from the fruits of Embelia ribes. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Siti Azima A, Noriham A, Manshoor N. Phenolics, antioxidants and color properties of aqueous pigmented plant extracts: Ardisia colorata var. elliptica , Clitoria ternatea , Garcinia mangostana and Syzygium cumini. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Liang C, Pei S, Ju W, Jia M, Tian D, Tang Y, Mao G. Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumour activity study of 11-hydroxyl esterified bergenin/cinnamic acid hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:319-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yu KY, Wu W, Li SZ, Dou LL, Liu LL, Li P, Liu EH. A new compound, methylbergenin along with eight known compounds with cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity from Ardisia japonica. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2581-2586. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1283495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le-Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Aladdin NA, Jamal JA, Talip N, Hamsani NAM, Rahman MRA, Sabandar CW, Muhammad K, Husain K, Jalil J. Comparative study of three Marantodes pumilum varieties by microscopy, spectroscopy and chromatography. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Antiproliferative and Antiestrogenic Activities of Bonediol an Alkyl Catechol from Bonellia macrocarpa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:847457. [PMID: 26557704 PMCID: PMC4628711 DOI: 10.1155/2015/847457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate antiproliferative activity of bonediol, an alkyl catechol isolated from the Mayan medicinal plant Bonellia macrocarpa. Bonediol was assessed for growth inhibition of androgen-sensitive (LNCaP), androgen-insensitive (PC-3), and metastatic androgen-insensitive (PC-3M) human prostate tumor cells; toxicity on normal cell line (HEK 293) was also evaluated. Hedgehog pathway was evaluated and competitive 3H-estradiol ligand binding assay was performed. Additionally, antioxidant activity on Nrf2-ARE pathway was evaluated. Bonediol induced a growth inhibition on prostate cancer cell lines (IC50 from 8.5 to 20.6 µM). Interestingly, bonediol binds to both estrogen receptors (ERα (2.5 µM) and ERβ (2.1 µM)) and displaces the native ligand E2 (17β-estradiol). No significant activity was found in the Hedgehog pathway. Additionally, activity of bonediol on Nrf2-ARE pathway suggested that bonediol could induce oxidative stress and activation of detoxification enzymes at 1 µM (3.8-fold). We propose that the compound bonediol may serve as a potential chemopreventive treatment with therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.
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Cabanillas B, Vásquez-Ocmín P, Zebiri I, Rengifo E, Sauvain M, Le H, Vaisberg A, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Haddad M. A new 5-alkylresorcinol glucoside derivative fromCybianthus magnus. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:293-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1056188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Joaquín-Cruz E, Dueñas M, García-Cruz L, Salinas-Moreno Y, Santos-Buelga C, García-Salinas C. Anthocyanin and phenolic characterization, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of chagalapoli (Ardisia compressa K.) fruit: A tropical source of natural pigments. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Van NTH, Vien TA, Van Kiem P, Van Minh C, Nhiem NX, Long PQ, Anh LT, Kim N, Park S, Kim SH. Chemical components from the leaves of Ardisia insularis and their cytotoxic activity. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1926-31. [PMID: 25794927 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One new oleanane triterpene glycoside, ardinsuloside (1), and twelve known compounds, demethoxybergenin (2), norbergenin (3), bergenin (4), 4-O-galloylbergenin (5), quercitrin (6), myricitrin (7), myricetin 3-O-(3''-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8), desmanthine-2 (9), epicatechin 3-O-galloyl ester (10), 3'-methoxyepicatechin 3-O-galloyl ester (11), gallic acid (12), and methyl galloate (13) were isolated from the leaves of Ardisia insularis. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, which were in agreement with those reported in literature. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated on three cancer cell lines namely A-549 (human lung cancer), HT-29 (Human colon adenocarcinoma), and OVCAR (human ovarian carcinoma). The results revealed that compound 1 inhibited A-549, HT-29, and OVCAR cell lines with IC50 values of 8.5 ± 1.2, 16.4 ± 3.1, and 13.6 ± 2.4 μM, respectively. The remaining compound showed weak cytotoxic activity. This result indicated that compound 1 could be useful in the treatment of cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hong Van
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Anh Vien
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city, Quang Tam, Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea.,Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Quoc Long
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luu Tuan Anh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nanyoung Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 406-840, Korea.
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Bajracharya GB. Diversity, pharmacology and synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives: potential materials for therapeutic usages. Fitoterapia 2015; 101:133-52. [PMID: 25596093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bergenin, a natural secondary metabolite, has been isolated from different parts of a number of plants. It is one of active ingredients in herbal and Ayurvedic formulations. It exhibits antiviral, antifungal, antitussive, antiplasmodial, antiinflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiarrhythmic, antitumor, antiulcerogenic, antidiabetic and wound healing properties. It has been analyzed and estimated in different plant extracts, blood and drug samples using chromatographic techniques, and pharmacokinetic studies have been made. Several bergenin derivatives were isolated and/or synthesized and were found to possess pharmacological activities. Total synthesis of bergenin and its derivatives were reported. This review article covers literature on bergenin and its derivatives until 2013. Ethnomedicinal value of bergenin containing plant materials is also highlighted. This comprehensive review provides information on the potentiality of bergenin and its derivatives for therapeutic usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan B Bajracharya
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
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Gutierrez RMP, Baez EG. Evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiglycating activities of the Eysenhardtia polystachya. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:S404-18. [PMID: 24991120 PMCID: PMC4078337 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.133295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiglycation properties of Eysenhardtia polystachya (EP) bark methanol-water extract. Materials and Methods : The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by studying in vitro the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radical, reactive oxygen species such as RO2, O2·-, H2O2, OH., H2O2, ONOO-, NO, HOCl,1 O2, chelating ability, ORAC, β-carotene-bleaching and lipid peroxidation. The antiglycation activities of EP were evaluated by haemoglobin, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-glucose, BSA-methylglyoxal and BSA-glucose assays. Oral administration of EP at the doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/g was studied in normal, glucose-loaded and antidiabetic effects on streptozotocin-induced mildly diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) mice. Results: EP showed Hdonor activity, free radical scavenging activity, metal chelating ability and lipid peroxidation Antioxidant activity may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. EP is an inhibitor of fluorescent AGE, methylglyoxal and the glycation of haemoglobin. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, EP reduced the blood glucose, increased serum insulin, body weight, marker enzymes of hepatic function, glycogen, HDL, GK and HK while there was reduction in the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, TBARS, LDL and G6Pase. Conclusions: Eysenhardtia polystachya possesses considerable antioxidant activity with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity and demonstrated an anti-AGEs and hepatoprotective role, inhibits hyperglycemic, hyperlipidemic and oxidative stress indicating that these effects may be mediated by interacting with multiple targets operating in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Research on Natural Products, School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Zacatenco, Mexico D.F
| | - Efren Garcia Baez
- Laboratory of Research Organic Chemistry. UPIBI-IPN, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico D.F
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Luna BND, Carrijo TT, Freitas MDF, Barros CF. Comparative leaf anatomy of neotropical Stylogyne species (Myrsinoideae - Primulaceae). RODRIGUÉSIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-78602013000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anatomical studies were performed here in order to provide diagnostic characteristics to differentiate the species Stylogyne depauperata, S. pauciflora, S. sordida and S. warmingii. Fully expanded leaves were processed by the usual techniques of optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Traits common to all species were observed, such as dorsiventral mesophyll, unistratified epidermis, anisocytic stomata, druses and secretory cavities distributed throughout the mesophyll. Cuticular ornamentation, configuration of the vascular system in the petiole and shape of the secretory cavities provide diagnostic characteristics. Variance analysis proved that these characters are potentially efficient to differentiate these species.
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Edderkaoui M, Lugea A, Hui H, Eibl G, Lu QY, Moro A, Lu X, Li G, Go VL, Pandol SJ. Ellagic acid and embelin affect key cellular components of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cancer, and stellate cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1232-44. [PMID: 24127740 PMCID: PMC3909533 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.832779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid is a polyphenolic phytochemical present in many fruits and nuts with anticancer properties demonstrated in experimental tumor studies. Embelin is a benzoquinone phytochemical isolated from the Japanese herb Ardisiae Japonicae and has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We found that ellagic acid and embelin each dose-dependently increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in human pancreatic cancer cells, MIA PaCa-2 and HPAF-II cells, and in pancreatic stellate cells, which are progenitors of pancreatic cancer desmoplasia. In each of these cell types, combinations of ellagic acid and embelin at low micromolar concentrations (0.5-3 μM) induced synergistic increases in apoptosis and decreases in proliferation. Ellagic acid decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity, whereas embelin decreased STAT-3 phosphorylation and protein expression of its downstream target survivin in cancer cells. In vivo dietary ellagic acid alone or in combination with embelin decreased tumor size and tumor cellularity in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. These results show that ellagic acid and embelin interact with divergent intracellular signaling pathways resulting in augmentation of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation at low micromolar concentrations for the key cellular components of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Edderkaoui
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hongxiang Hui
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aune Moro
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xuyang Lu
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gang Li
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vay-Liang Go
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Ku C, Hu JM, Kuo CH. Complete plastid genome sequence of the basal asterid Ardisia polysticta Miq. and comparative analyses of asterid plastid genomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62548. [PMID: 23638113 PMCID: PMC3640096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ardisia is a basal asterid genus well known for its medicinal values and has the potential for development of novel phytopharmaceuticals. In this genus of nearly 500 species, many ornamental species are commonly grown worldwide and some have become invasive species that caused ecological problems. As there is no completed plastid genome (plastome) sequence in related taxa, we sequenced and characterized the plastome of Ardisia polysticta to find plastid markers of potential utility for phylogenetic analyses at low taxonomic levels. The complete A. polysticta plastome is 156,506 bp in length and has gene content and organization typical of most asterids and other angiosperms. We identified seven intergenic regions as potentially informative markers with resolution for interspecific relationships. Additionally, we characterized the diversity of asterid plastomes with respect to GC content, plastome organization, gene content, and repetitive sequences through comparative analyses. The results demonstrated that the genome organizations near the boundaries between inverted repeats (IRs) and single-copy regions (SCs) are polymorphic. The boundary organization found in Ardisia appears to be the most common type among asterids, while six other types are also found in various asterid lineages. In general, the repetitive sequences in genic regions tend to be more conserved, whereas those in noncoding regions are usually lineage-specific. Finally, we inferred the whole-plastome phylogeny with the available asterid sequences. With the improvement in taxon sampling of asterid orders and families, our result highlights the uncertainty of the position of Gentianales within euasterids I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ku
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Ming Hu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Perez Gutierrez RM, Flores Cotera LB, Gonzalez AMN. Evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-glication effects of the hexane extract from Piper auritum leaves in vitro and beneficial activity on oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-product-mediated renal injury in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Molecules 2012; 17:11897-919. [PMID: 23047487 PMCID: PMC6268794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of hexane extracts from leaves of Piper auritum (HS). Eight complementary in vitro test methods were used, including inhibition of DPPH· radicals, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, ion-chelating, ABTS, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, β-carotene bleaching and peroxy radical scavenging. The results indicated that HS possesses high antioxidant activity. To add to these finding we tested the effect against oxidative stress in liver, pancreas and kidney in diabetic rats. Low levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in diabetic rats were reverted to near normal values after treatment with HS. These results suggest that P. auritum prevents oxidative stress, acting as a suppressor of liver cell damage. Given the link between glycation and oxidation, we proposed that HS might possess significant in vitro antiglycation activity. Our data confirmed the inhibitory effect of HS on bovine serum albumin, serum glycosylated protein, glycation of LDL, and glycation hemoglobin. The effect of HS on diabetic renal damage was investigated using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The oral administration of HS at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days significantly reduced advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation, elevated renal glucose and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. This implies that HS would alleviate the oxidative stress under diabetes through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that oxidative stress is increased in the diabetic rat kidney and that HS can prevent renal damage associated with diabetes by attenuating the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingenieria Quimica e Industrias Extractivas IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, cp. 07708, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
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Raga DD, Pocsidio GN, Herrera AA. Effects of the oral administration of nonpolar extract from Ardisia squamulosa Presl (Myrsinaceae) leaves on spermatogenesis in rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2012; 3:260-5. [PMID: 22224050 PMCID: PMC3249786 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.89747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several Ardisia species have been found to possess numerous bioactivities but their reproductive toxicity has been poorly explored. In the present study, the effects of the leaf hexane extract of Philippine indigenous Ardisia squamulosa on epididymal sperm count, %viability and %aberration of sperms and weights of seminal vesicle, cauda epididymis, and testes in addition to the weights of liver, kidney, and body were evaluated. Methods: The extracts at daily dose levels of 1, 10, and 100 mg/Kg BW in 10% polysorbate-80 in corn oil were administered by gavage for 8 successive days to 8-10 weeks old male SD rats and sacrificed after 9 days. Daily body weights and final organ weights were measured. Sperm from the cauda epididymis was extracted and measured according standard sperm parameters (sperm count, morphology, viability and membrane integrity). Results: Significant findings were the decline of left epididymal sperm count to testis weight ratio and increase in %sperm morphological aberration from both cauda epididymis obtained with the 10 mg/Kg BW dose. Conclusion: The hexane extract from Ardisia squamulosa had significant effect on sperm count but with negligible effect on sperm morphology and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis D Raga
- Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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Radhakrishnan N, Gnanamani A, Prasad NR, Mandal AB. Inhibition of UVB-induced oxidative damage and apoptotic biochemical changes in human lymphocytes by 2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone (embelin). Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:575-82. [PMID: 22631448 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.697644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigates the inhibition of Ultraviolet B (UVB, 290-320 nm) radiation-induced oxidative damage in peripheral blood human lymphocytes by embelin extracted from Embelia ribes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Embelin was extracted, purified and characterized. Prior to inhibitory assessment, a maximum concentration of embelin that was non-toxic was determined. Six experimental groups, including respective controls were made to assess the inhibitory effect of embelin for the selected concentrations of 10 and 20 μg/ml. For the experimental groups; lymphocytes (1 × 10(6) cells) were pre-treated with the chosen concentration of embelin for a period of 60 min and then exposed to UVB for 30 min. UVB radiation inhibitory effect of embelin assessed by measuring antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) at scheduled time points after irradiation. RESULTS Pre-treatment of lymphocytes with embelin prevents UVB-induced oxidative damage. An increase in antioxidant levels in irradiated cells in the presence of embelin and UV absorbance of embelin could be the reason for the decrease in lipid peroxidation level and prevention of DNA damage by UVB radiation. CONCLUSION Embelin prevents oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation via its antioxidant property.
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de Mejía EG, Ramírez-Mares MV. Ardisia: health-promoting properties and toxicity of phytochemicals and extracts. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 21:667-74. [PMID: 22003924 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.601355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ardisia species (Myrsinaceae) are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Traditional medicinal uses attributed to Ardisia include alleviation of liver cancer, swelling, rheumatism, earache, cough, fever, diarrhea, broken bones, dysmenorrhea, respiratory tract infections, traumatic injuries, inflammation, pain, snake and insect bites, birth complications and to improve general blood circulation, among others. Ardisia species are rich in polyphenols, triterpenoid saponins, isocoumarins, quinones and alkylphenols. A summary of the uses, potential health benefits, adverse reactions and important bioactive phytochemicals isolated from the Ardisia species is presented. Future research needs to include more toxicological studies, more comprehensive chemical characterization of extracts, bioavailability, extract standardization, investigation of possible herb-drug interactions, plant improvement with regards to bioactivity and composition, and additional human and animal studies to confirm the health-promoting properties claimed for Ardisia species. The information presented here exemplifies the potential of Ardisia species as a source of chemotherapeutic, chemo-modulating and/or chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira González de Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Liu L, Winter KM, Stevenson L, Morris C, Leach DN. Wheat bran lipophilic compounds with in vitro anticancer effects. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jung JC, Lim E, Kim SH, Kim NS, Jung M, Oh S. Practical Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bergenin Analogs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:725-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5-Alk(en)ylresorcinols as the major active components in wheat bran inhibit human colon cancer cell growth. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3973-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zamarrud, Ali I, Hussain H, Ahmad VU, Qaiser M, Amyn A, Mohammad FV. Two new antioxidant bergenin derivatives from the stem of Rivea hypocrateriformis. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:722-5. [PMID: 21406219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new bergenin derivatives, named rivebergenin A and B (1, and 2), together with two known compounds, bergenin (3) and norbergenin (4) were isolated from the stem of Rivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy. The structures of the new compound have been assigned from (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra, DEPT, and by 2D COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Compounds 1-4 showed the strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamarrud
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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36
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Essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria subsp. tinctoria). Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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37
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38
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Formation of semiquinone radical in the reaction of embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone) with reductants as well as oxidants. Characterization by pulse radiolysis and structure investigation by quantum chemical study. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Kikuchi H, Ohtsuki T, Koyano T, Kowithayakorn T, Sakai T, Ishibashi M. Death receptor 5 targeting activity-guided isolation of isoflavones from Millettia brandisiana and Ardisia colorata and evaluation of ability to induce TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1181-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Zheng Y, Wu FE. Resorcinol derivatives from Ardisia maculosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2007; 9:545-9. [PMID: 17885843 DOI: 10.1080/10286020600882692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Besides a series of known sterols and triterpenoids, a new resorcinol (1) and a known resorcinol (2) have been isolated from ethanol extract of Ardisia maculosa for the first time. The structures of these resorcinol derivatives were elucidated as 2-methyl-5-(Z-heptadec-8-enyl) resorcinol and 5-Z-heptadec-8-enyl) resorcinol by HRESI-MS, NMR ((1)H, (13)C, HSQC, HMBC) experiments. In our in vitro assay, compounds 1 and 2 showed no antimicrobial activities, however, compound 2 exhibited cytotoxity activity against human cancer cell line with GI(50) value of 2.14 x 10(- 4) mmol/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Chengdu Library of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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41
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Nazir N, Koul S, Qurishi MA, Taneja SC, Ahmad SF, Bani S, Qazi GN. Immunomodulatory effect of bergenin and norbergenin against adjuvant-induced arthritis--a flow cytometric study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:401-5. [PMID: 17408893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bergenin (1), a C-glycoside of 4-O-methyl gallic acid, isolated from rhizomes of Bergenia stracheyi (Saxifragaceae) and its O-demethylated derivative norbergenin (2), prepared from 1, are reported to show anti-arthritic activity through possible modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Flow cytometric study showed that the oral administration of 1 and 2 at doses of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg per oral dose inhibit the production of proinflammatory Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) while as potentiate anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) in the peripheral blood of adjuvant-induced arthritic balb/c mice. This shows the potential Th1/Th2 cytokine balancing activity of 1 and 2 which is strongly correlated with their anti-arthritic activity. At similar dose levels, the effect of 2 was found to be more than that of 1. The oral LD(0) for 1 and 2 was more than 2000 mg/kg body weight of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
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42
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Chuang TH, Wu PL. Cytotoxic 5-alkylresorcinol metabolites from the leaves of Grevillea robusta. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:319-23. [PMID: 17243726 DOI: 10.1021/np0605687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the leaves of Grevillea robusta led to the isolation of six new 5-alkylresorcinols, gravicycle (1), dehydrogravicycle (2), bisgravillol (3), dehydrobisgravillol (4), dehydrograviphane (5), and methyldehydrograviphane (6), as well as eight known compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Graviphane (7) and methylgraviphane (8) were isolated in the pure form for the first time from a natural source. The compounds all showed marginal cytotoxicity against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Hsien Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tachakittirungrod S, Okonogi S, Chowwanapoonpohn S. Study on antioxidant activity of certain plants in Thailand: Mechanism of antioxidant action of guava leaf extract. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Antibacterial activity against veterinary Salmonella was determined using dried fruit extracts of Ardisia elliptica Thunb. Chromatographic purification and spectroscopic structure studies provided three active anti-Salmonella compounds, namely, syringic acid, isorhamnetin and quercetin. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the isolated compounds ranged between 15.6 and 125.0 microg mL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Methin Phadungkit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, A. Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand.
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de Mejía EG, Chandra S, Ramírez-Mares M, Wang W. Catalytic inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase by phenolic compounds in Ardisia compressa extracts and their effect on human colon cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1191-203. [PMID: 16540225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, as those present in teas, have been associated with several health benefits. In this study, the main objectives were to identify and characterize the phenolic compounds in Ardisia compressa tea (AC) responsible for topoisomerase inhibition using a bioassay directed approach and modern analytical techniques, and to determine the cytotoxicity against human colon carcinoma cells. Inhibition of topoisomerase was determined by yeast and human topoisomerase biochemical assays. Identification and characterization of AC phenolic compounds were carried out using combined HPLC, MS and NMR techniques. Cytotoxicity studies were conducted using two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, HT-29 and Caco-2. LC-MS analysis of AC confirmed the presence of gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, several proanthocyanidin dimers, kaempferol, naringenin and ardisin derivatives. Topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitory activity of AC was due mainly to phenolic compounds extracted in the butanolic fraction (IC50: 1.33 microg/ml). Purification of this fraction resulted in the isolation of several compounds: peak 10 (IC50: 8.32 microg/ml), peaks 12/14 (IC75: 2.85 microg/ml) and peak 15 (IC50: 7.16 microg/ml). Characterization of peak 15, the most active fraction, led to the isolation of a naringenin isomer (C15H12O5), which had a significantly higher catalytic anti-topoisomerase II activity (IC50: 7.16 microg/ml) than commercial naringenin (IC50: 88.1 microg/ml). AC was cytotoxic to HT-29 (IC50: 57.9+/-11.6 microg/ml) and Caco-2 cells (IC50: 81.0+/-27.5 microg/ml). These findings provide basic information and suggest the potential use of active flavonoids in Ardisia compressa tea as chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira González de Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML, MC-051, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Mareninova OA, Sung KF, Hong P, Lugea A, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS. Cell death in pancreatitis: caspases protect from necrotizing pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:3370-81. [PMID: 16339139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511276200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of cell death in pancreatitis remain unknown. Parenchymal necrosis is a major complication of pancreatitis; also, the severity of experimental pancreatitis correlates directly with necrosis and inversely with apoptosis. Thus, shifting death responses from necrosis to apoptosis may have a therapeutic value. To determine cell death pathways in pancreatitis and the possibility of necrosis/apoptosis switch, we utilized the differences between the rat model of cerulein pancreatitis, with relatively high apoptosis and low necrosis, and the mouse model, with little apoptosis and high necrosis. We found that caspases were greatly activated during cerulein pancreatitis in the rat but not mouse. Endogenous caspase inhibitor X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) underwent complete degradation in the rat but remained intact in the mouse model. Furthermore, XIAP inhibition with embelin triggered caspase activation in the mouse model, implicating XIAP in caspase blockade in pancreatitis. Caspase inhibitors decreased apoptosis and markedly stimulated necrosis in the rat model, worsening pancreatitis parameters. Conversely, caspase induction with embelin stimulated apoptosis and decreased necrosis in mouse model. Thus, caspases not only mediate apoptosis but also protect from necrosis in pancreatitis. One protective mechanism is through degradation of receptor-interacting protein (RIP), a key mediator of "programmed" necrosis. We found that RIP was cleaved (i.e. inactivated) in the rat but not the mouse model. Caspase inhibition restored RIP levels; conversely, caspase induction with embelin triggered RIP cleavage. Our results indicate key roles for caspases, XIAP, and RIP in the regulation of cell death in pancreatitis. Manipulating these signals to change the pattern of death responses presents a therapeutic strategy for treatment of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mareninova
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
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Hosokawa A, Sumino M, Nakamura T, Yano S, Sekine T, Ruangrungsi N, Watanabe K, Ikegami F. A new lignan from Balanophora abbreviata and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 52:1265-7. [PMID: 15467252 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six lignans including a new lignan (1), beta-sitosterol glucopyranoside and phenylpropanoids were isolated from the whole plants of Balanophora abbreviata Bl. (Balanophoraceae). Their structures were determined by NMR, MS analysis and other spectroscopic methods. Lignans (1, 2 and 4) showed potent inhibitory activities on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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48
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Kobayashi H, de Mejía E. The genus Ardisia: a novel source of health-promoting compounds and phytopharmaceuticals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 96:347-354. [PMID: 15619551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 500 species of Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Several of those Ardisia species have been used as ornamental plants, food and medicines. Due to taxonomic confusions, correct identification and acquisition of plant materials remain difficult for some species. Although species of Ardisia are a rich source of novel and biologically potent phytochemical compounds, such as bergenin and ardisin, the utilization of Ardisia species or their phytochemical constituents have not been fully explored, resulting in underexploitation of their uses. The present article reviews the usage and biological activities of Ardisia compounds, as well as recent progress regarding the use of this genus in clinical research. The information presented here also illustrates the potential of the genus as a source of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideka Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 E.R. Madigan Lab, MC-051, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Bioactive Phenolic Lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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50
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Ross AB, Kamal-Eldin A, Aman P. Dietary alkylresorcinols: absorption, bioactivities, and possible use as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat- and rye-rich foods. Nutr Rev 2004; 62:81-95. [PMID: 15098855 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologic and chemical properties of alkylresorcinols (ARs) have been reviewed previously, but there has been relatively little research or focus on the importance of ARs in food and diet. ARs represent a significant proportion of the phytochemicals present in wheat and rye, in which they normally exist in concentrations between 300 and 1500 microg/g. ARs are concentrated in the bran fraction of these cereals, and are therefore a significant component of food products rich in whole grain wheat and rye but not in products containing only refined cereal flour. In this review, we discuss the presence of ARs in food, methods of analysis, their absorption and role in the diet in light of their in vitro bioactivities, and their possible use as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7051, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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