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Elgendy SA, Soliman MM, Shukry M, Mohammed LA, Nasr HE, Althobaiti S, Almalki DA, Alotaibi KS, Albattal SB, Elnoury HA. Screening impacts of Tilmicosin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats: protection by Rhodiola rosea extract through the involvement of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and inflammatory cytokines biomarkers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03089-5. [PMID: 38689072 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TIL) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity derived from tylosin. TIL is effective in the treatment of bovine and ovine respiratory diseases caused by different microbes. In parallel, Rhodiola rosea (RHO) is a popular herbal remedy because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. The experiment lasted for 12 days. Depending on the experimental group, the animals received either distilled water or RHO root extract dissolved in distilled water for 12 days through a stomach tube, and the single subcutaneous injection on day 6 of the experiment of either 500 μL of 0.9% NaCl or TIL dissolved in 500 μL 0.9% NaCl. Samples and blood were collected for serum analysis, gene expression, and immunohistochemistry screening at liver and kidney levels. TIL injection increased serum levels of hepatic and renal markers (ALP, ALT, AST, TC, TG, creatinine, and urea) with decreased total proteins. In parallel, TIL induced hepatic and renal oxidative stress as there was an increase in malondialdehyde levels, with a decrease in catalase and reduced glutathione activities. Of interest, pre-administration of RHO inhibited TIL-induced increase in hepato-renal markers, decreased oxidative stress, and increased liver and kidney antioxidant activities. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that TIL increased the liver's HSP70 (heat shock protein), NFkB, and TNF-α mRNA expression. Moreover, TIL upregulated the expression of desmin, nestin, and vimentin expression in the kidney. The upregulated genes were decreased significantly in the protective group that received RHO. Serum inflammatory cytokines and genes of inflammatory markers were affected in liver tissues (HSP70, NFkB, and TNF-α) and kidney tissues (desmin, nestin, and vimentin)-TIL-induced hepatic vacuolation and congestion together with glomerular atrophy. The immunoreactivity of PCNA and HMGB1 was examined immunohistochemically. At cellular levels, PCNA was decreased while HMGB1 immunoreactivity was increased in TIL-injected rats, which was improved by pre-administration of RHO. RHO administration protected the altered changes in liver and renal histology. Current findings support the possible use of RHO to shield the liver and kidney from the negative effects of tilmicosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Lina Abdelhady Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Hend Elsayed Nasr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Saed Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21995, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daklallah A Almalki
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Mikhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alotaibi
- General Science and English Language Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha B Albattal
- General Science and English Language Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Elnoury
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
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Liu Q, Chen J, Zeng A, Song L. Pharmacological functions of salidroside in renal diseases: facts and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1309598. [PMID: 38259279 PMCID: PMC10800390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1309598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea is a valuable functional medicinal plant widely utilized in China and other Asian countries for its anti-fatigue, anti-aging, and altitude sickness prevention properties. Salidroside, a most active constituent derived from Rhodiola rosea, exhibits potent antioxidative, hypoxia-resistant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-aging effects that have garnered significant attention. The appreciation of the pharmacological role of salidroside has burgeoned over the last decade, making it a beneficial option for the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and more. With its anti-aging and renoprotective effects, in parallel with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, salidroside holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for kidney damage. This article provides an overview of the microinflammatory state in kidney disease and discuss the current therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on highlighting the recent advancements in utilizing salidroside for renal disease. The potential mechanisms of action of salidroside are primarily associated with the regulation of gene and protein expression in glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, renal tubule cells, renal mesangial cells and renal cell carcinoma cell, including TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, MCP-1, Bcl-2, VEGF, ECM protein, caspase-3, HIF-1α, BIM, as well as the modulation of AMPK/SIRT1, Nrf2/HO-1, Sirt1/PGC-1α, ROS/Src/Cav-1, Akt/GSK-3β, TXNIP-NLRP3, ERK1/2, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, PI3K/Akt, Wnt1/Wnt3a β-catenin, TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, SIRT1/Nrf2 pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to comprehensively cover the protective effects of salidroside on diverse renal diseases, and suggests that salidroside has great potential to be developed as a drug for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Elgendy SA, Soliman MM, Ghamry HI, Shukry M, Mohammed LA, Nasr HE, Alotaibi BS, Jafri I, Sayed S, Osman A, Elnoury HA. Exploration of Tilmicosin Cardiotoxicity in Rats and the Protecting Role of the Rhodiola rosea Extract: Potential Roles of Cytokines, Antioxidant, Apoptotic, and Anti-Fibrotic Pathways. TOXICS 2023; 11:857. [PMID: 37888707 PMCID: PMC10610616 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tilmicosin (TIL) is a common macrolide antibiotic in veterinary medicine. High doses of TIL can have adverse cardiovascular effects. This study examined the effects of Rhodiola rosea (RHO) that have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects on tilmicosin (TIL)-induced cardiac injury targeting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic, and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways with anti-fibrotic outcomes. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into groups of six rats each. Rats received saline as a negative control, CARV 1 mL orally (10 mg/kg BW), and RHO 1 mL orally at 400 mg/kg BW daily for 12 consecutive days. The TIL group once received a single subcutaneous injection (SC) dose of TIL (75 mg/kg BW) on the sixth day of the experiment to induce cardiac damage. The standard group (CARV + TIL) received CARV daily for 12 consecutive days with a single TIL SC injection 1 h after CARV administration only on the sixth day of study and continued for another six successive days on CARV. The protective group (RHO + TIL) received RHO daily for the same period as in CARV + TIL-treated rats and with the dosage mentioned before. Serum was extracted at the time of the rat's scarification at 13 days of study and examined for biochemical assessments in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTI), and creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB). Protein carbonyl (PC) contents, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in cardiac homogenate were used to measure these oxidative stress markers. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to express interferon-gamma (INF-γ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), OGG1, BAX, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes in cardiac tissues, which are correlated with inflammation, antioxidants, and apoptosis. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), calmodulin (CaMKII), and other genes associated with Ca2+ hemostasis and fibrosis were examined using IHC analysis in cardiac cells (myocardium). TIL administration significantly increased the examined cardiac markers, LDH, cTI, and CK-MB. TIL administration also increased ROS, PC, and MDA while decreasing antioxidant activities (TAC and SOD mRNA) in cardiac tissues. Serum inflammatory cytokines and genes of inflammatory markers, DNA damage (INF-γ, COX-2), and apoptotic genes (caspase-3 and BAX) were upregulated with downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 as well as the DNA repair OGG1 in cardiac tissues. Furthermore, CaMKII and α-SMA genes were upregulated at cellular levels using cardiac tissue IHC analysis. On the contrary, pretreatment with RHO and CARV alone significantly decreased the cardiac injury markers induced by TIL, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and tissue oxidative-antioxidant parameters. INF-γ, COX-2, OGG1, BAX, and caspase-3 mRNA were downregulated, as observed by real-time PCR, while SOD and Bcl-2 mRNA were upregulated. Furthermore, the CaMKII and α-SMA genes' immune reactivities were significantly decreased in the RHO-pretreated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A. Elgendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Lina Abdelhady Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt (H.E.N.)
| | - Hend Elsayed Nasr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt (H.E.N.)
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Osman
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan;
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Heba A. Elnoury
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt
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Bernatoniene J, Jakstas V, Kopustinskiene DM. Phenolic Compounds of Rhodiola rosea L. as the Potential Alternative Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12293. [PMID: 37569669 PMCID: PMC10418374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), which is widely growing in Northern Europe, North America, and Siberia, have been used since ancient times to alleviate stress, fatigue, and mental and physical disorders. Phenolic compounds: phenylpropanoids rosavin, rosarin, and rosin, tyrosol glucoside salidroside, and tyrosol, are responsible for the biological action of R. rosea, exerting antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, anti-fatigue activities. R. rosea extract formulations are used as alternative remedies to enhance mental and cognitive functions and protect the central nervous system and heart during stress. Recent studies indicate that R. rosea may be used to treat diabetes, cancer, and a variety of cardiovascular and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This paper reviews the beneficial effects of the extract of R. rosea, its key active components, and their possible use in the treatment of chronic diseases. R. rosea represents an excellent natural remedy to address situations involving decreased performance, such as fatigue and a sense of weakness, particularly in the context of chronic diseases. Given the significance of mitochondria in cellular energy metabolism and their vulnerability to reactive oxygen species, future research should prioritize investigating the potential effects of R. rosea main bioactive phenolic compounds on mitochondria, thus targeting cellular energy supply and countering oxidative stress-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
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Han R, Fang H, Fan Z, Ji Y, Schwaneberg U, Ni Y. Coupled reaction of glycosyltransferase and sucrose synthase for high-yielding and cost-effective synthesis of rosin. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Sui Y, Xu D, Sun X. Identification of anti-hyperuricemic components from Coix seed. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kukina TP, Shcherbakov DN, Zybkina A, Elshin IA, Korsakov VO, Salnikova OI, Kolosov PV, Sandag T, Karakai DA, Mordvinova ED. Effect of an Extractant on the Composition of the Lipophilic Constituents of the Extracts of Rhodiola rosea L. and on the Extracts’ Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022070147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Elyasi L, Rosenholm JM, Jesmi F, Jahanshahi M. The Antioxidative Effects of Picein and Its Neuroprotective Potential: A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196189. [PMID: 36234724 PMCID: PMC9571929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the main cause of dementia in the elderly, having no cure to date, as the currently available therapies focus on symptom remission. Most NDDs will progress despite treatment and eventually result in the death of the patient after several years of a burden on both the patient and the caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate agents that tackle the disease pathogenesis and can efficiently slow down or halt disease progression, with the hope of curing the patients and preventing further burden and mortality. Accordingly, recent research has focused on disease-modifying treatments with neuroregenerative or neuroprotective effects. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of NDDs. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the damage to the central nervous system and the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of unfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ), tau proteins, and α-synuclein, have been suggested. Accordingly, cellular and molecular studies have investigated the efficacy of several natural compounds (herbs and nutritional agents) for their neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. The most popular herbs suggested for the treatment and/or prevention of NDDs include Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, Baccopa monnieri, and Ginkgo biloba. In some herbs, such as ginseng, preclinical and clinical evidence are available for supporting its effectiveness; however, in some others, only cellular and animal studies are available. In line with the scant literature in terms of the effectiveness of herbal compounds on NDDs, there are also other herbal agents that have been disregarded. Picein is one of the herbal agents that has been investigated in only a few studies. Picein is the active ingredient of several herbs and can be thus extracted from different types of herbs, which makes it more available. It has shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in cellular and plant studies; however, to date, only one study has suggested its neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, some cellular studies have shown no anti-inflammatory effect of picein. Therefore, a review of the available literature is required to summarize the results of studies on picein. To date, no review study seems to have addressed this issue. Thus, in the present study, we gather the available information about the antioxidative and potential neuroprotective properties of picein and its possible effectiveness in treating NDDs. We also summarize the plants from which picein can be extracted in order to guide researchers for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4917955315, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +98-17-32453515
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fatemeh Jesmi
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1415944911, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4917955315, Iran
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Farag MA, Kabbash EM, Mediani A, Döll S, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM. Comparative Metabolite Fingerprinting of Four Different Cinnamon Species Analyzed via UPLC-MS and GC-MS and Chemometric Tools. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092935. [PMID: 35566284 PMCID: PMC9104325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess metabolites heterogeneity among four major Cinnamomum species, including true cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and less explored species (C. cassia, C. iners, and C. tamala). UPLC-MS led to the annotation of 74 secondary metabolites belonging to different classes, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and lignans. A new proanthocyanidin was identified for the first time in C. tamala, along with several glycosylated flavonoid and dicarboxylic fatty acids reported for the first time in cinnamon. Multivariate data analyses revealed, for cinnamates, an abundance in C. verum versus procyandins, dihydro-coumaroylglycosides, and coumarin in C. cassia. A total of 51 primary metabolites were detected using GC-MS analysis encompassing different classes, viz. sugars, fatty acids, and sugar alcohols, with true cinnamon from Malaysia suggested as a good sugar source for diabetic patients. Glycerol in C. tamala, erythritol in C. iners, and glucose and fructose in C. verum from Malaysia were major metabolites contributing to the discrimination among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Eman M. Kabbash
- Phytochemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Stefanie Döll
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am KleinenFelde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (T.E.); (S.M.A.); Tel.: +11-202-2362245 (M.A.F.); +49-511-762-5589 (T.E.)
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Rhodiola rosea: A Therapeutic Candidate on Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1348795. [PMID: 35265260 PMCID: PMC8898776 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1348795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, also known as circulatory diseases, are diseases of the heart and blood vessels, and its etiology is hyperlipidemia, thick blood, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Due to its high prevalence, disability, and mortality, it seriously threatens human health. According to reports, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is still on the rise. Rhodiola rosea is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of antimyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, lowering blood fat, antithrombosis, and antiarrhythmia. Rhodiola rosea has various chemical components, and different chemical elements have the same pharmacological effects and medicinal values for various cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the research on the pharmacological effects of Rhodiola rosea on cardiovascular diseases and provides references for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Bi H, Qu G, Wang S, Zhuang Y, Sun Z, Liu T, Ma Y. Biosynthesis of a rosavin natural product in Escherichia coli by glycosyltransferase rational design and artificial pathway construction. Metab Eng 2021; 69:15-25. [PMID: 34715353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are rich resources for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical agents. A key challenge of accessing these precious compounds can present significant bottlenecks for development. The cinnamyl alcohol disaccharides also known as rosavins are the major bioactive ingredients of the notable medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea L. Cinnamyl-(6'-O-β-xylopyranosyl)-O-β-glucopyranoside (rosavin E) is a natural rosavin analogue with the arabinopyranose unit being replaced by its diastereomer xylose, which was only isolated in minute quantity from R. rosea. Herein, we described the de novo production of rosavin E in Escherichia coli. The 1,6-glucosyltransferase CaUGT3 was engineered into a xylosyltransferase converting cinnamyl alcohol monoglucoside (rosin) into rosavin E by replacing the residue T145 with valine. The enzyme activity was further elevated 2.9 times by adding the mutation N375Q. The synthesis of rosavin E from glucose was achieved with a titer of 92.9 mg/L by combining the variant CaUGT3T145V/N375Q, the UDP-xylose synthase from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 (SmUXS) and enzymes for rosin biosynthesis into a phenylalanine overproducing E. coli strain. The production of rosavin E was further elevated by co-overexpressing UDP-xylose synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtUXS3) and SmUXS, and the titer in a 5 L bioreactor with fed-batch fermentation reached 782.0 mg/L. This work represents an excellent example of producing a natural product with a disaccharide chain by glycosyltransferase engineering and artificial pathway construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Simultaneous Determination of 78 Compounds of Rhodiola rosea Extract by Supercritical CO 2-Extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Spectrometry. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:9957490. [PMID: 34306755 PMCID: PMC8279876 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9957490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Rhodiola rosea L. of family Crassulaceae was extracted using the supercritical CO2-extraction method. Several experimental conditions were investigated in the pressure range of 200–500 bar, with the used volume of cosolvent ethanol in the amount of 1% in the liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 31–70°C. The most effective extraction conditions are pressure 350 bar and temperature 60°C. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC with MS/MS identification. 78 target analytes were isolated from Rhodiola rosea (Russia) using a series of column chromatography and mass spectrometry experiments. The results of the analysis showed a spectrum of the main active ingredients Rh. rosea: salidroside, rhodiolosides (B and C), rhodiosin, luteolin, catechin, quercetin, quercitrin, herbacetin, sacranoside A, vimalin, and others. In addition to the reported metabolites, 29 metabolites were newly annotated in Rh. rosea. There were flavonols: dihydroquercetin, acacetin, mearnsetin, and taxifolin-O-pentoside; flavones: apigenin-O-hexoside derivative, tricetin trimethyl ether 7-O-hexosyl-hexoside, tricin 7-O-glucoronyl-O-hexoside, tricin O-pentoside, and tricin-O-dihexoside; flavanones: eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside; flavan-3-ols: gallocatechin, hydroxycinnamic acid caffeoylmalic acid, and di-O-caffeoylquinic acid; coumarins: esculetin; esculin: fraxin; and lignans: hinokinin, pinoresinol, L-ascorbic acid, glucaric acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid. The results of supercritical CO2-extraction from roots and rhizomes of Rh. rosea, in particular, indicate that the extract contained all biologically active components of the plant, as well as inert mixtures of extracted compositions.
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Wang Y, Harrington PDB, Chen P. Metabolomic profiling and comparison of major cinnamon species using UHPLC-HRMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7669-7681. [PMID: 32875369 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolomic profiles of four major species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum, C. burmannii, C. loureiroi, and C. cassia) were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Thirty-six metabolites were tentatively characterized, belonging to various compound groups such as phenolic glycosides, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, terpenes, alkaloids, and aldehydes. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on the HRMS data matrix resulted in a clear separation of the four cinnamon species. Coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, methoxycinnamaldehyde, cinnamoyl-methoxyphenyl acetate, proanthocyanidins, and other components varied among the four species. Such variations were used to develop a step-by-step strategy for differentiating the four cinnamon species based on their levels of pre-selected components. This study suggests a significant variation in the phytochemical compositions of different cinnamon species, which have a direct influence on cinnamon's health benefit potentials. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Peter de B Harrington
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Li T, Zhang W, Kang X, Yang R, Li R, Huang L, Chen J, Yang Q, Sun X. Salidroside protects dopaminergic neurons by regulating the mitochondrial MEF2D‐ND6 pathway in the MPTP/MPP
+
‐induced model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2019; 153:276-289. [PMID: 31520529 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaogang Kang
- Department of Neurology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Ruixin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ruru Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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16
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Bi H, Wang S, Zhou W, Zhuang Y, Liu T. Producing Gram-Scale Unnatural Rosavin Analogues from Glucose by Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1931-1940. [PMID: 31291541 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol glycosides (CAGs) are key active ingredients of the precious medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea L., which has diverse pharmacological activities. The quality of R. rosea extracts is standardized to the contents of rosavin, a cinnamyl alcohol disaccharide, along with salidroside. The supply of rosavin and analogues is limited by both the inefficiency of chemical synthesis methods and the shortage of natural resources. Herein, we achieved de novo synthesis of a series of rosavin analogues by engineered Escherichia coli strains. First, cinnamyl alcohol was synthesized by expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase, and cinnamyl-CoA reductase in a phenylalanine high-producing strain. UGT73C5 from Arabidopsis thaliana and a sugar chain elongating glycosyltransferase from Catharanthus roseus, CaUGT3 sequentially catalyzed the formation of an unnatural cinnamyl alcohol diglucoside, named rosavin B. Then, these biosynthetic enzymes were transformed into a tyrosine high-producing strain, except that PAL was replaced by a tyrosine ammonia-lyase, and synthesis of mono- and diglucosides of p-coumaryl alcohol with sugars attached to aliphatic or phenolic hydroxyl position was achieved. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was conducted for the strain producing rosavin B, and the titer reached 4.7 g/L. Tri- and tetraglucosides of cinnamyl alcohol were also produced by fed-batch fermentation. In summary, seven rosavin analogues including six unnatural compounds were produced from glucose by microorganisms. This work expanded the structural diversity of CAGs, which holds promise to discover new analogues with improved pharmaceutical properties. The study also paves the way for producing CAGs in a sustainable and cheap way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yibin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Huang L, Huang Z, Lin W, Wang L, Zhu X, Chen X, Yang S, Lv C. Salidroside suppresses the growth and invasion of human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and U2OS in vitro by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1969-1980. [PMID: 31081055 PMCID: PMC6521935 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has reported that salidroside exerts antitumor properties on numerous types of tumor cells; however, its effect on osteosarcoma cells remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of salidroside on the viability, apoptosis and invasion of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and determine the underlying mechanism of action. The results of an MTT revealed that salidroside suppressed the viability of osteosarcoma cells (MG63 and U2OS cells) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The results of cell morphological analysis (profile observations and Hoechst 33258 staining) and the detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry further indicated that the decrease in osteosarcoma cell viability induced by salidroside was associated with cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis not only confirmed these results but also suggested that salidroside induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by activating the caspase-9-dependent apoptotic pathway. In addition, we reported that salidroside induced G0/G1 phase arrest and suppressed the invasion of osteosarcoma cells, as measured by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis and a Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed the aforementioned results. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that salidroside induced the apoptosis, G0/G1 phase arrest and suppressed the invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, as determined by western blot analysis. In summary, the findings of the present study suggested that salidroside may inhibit the progression of osteosarcoma by suppressing the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the investigations into the underlying mechanism demonstrated that salidroside exerted notable antitumor activity in osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintuo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbai Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Shengwu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Tao H, Wu X, Cao J, Peng Y, Wang A, Pei J, Xiao J, Wang S, Wang Y. Rhodiola
species: A comprehensive review of traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and clinical study. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1779-1850. [PMID: 30652331 DOI: 10.1002/med.21564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University; Luzhou Sichuan China
| | - Jiliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; China
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19
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Rhodiola rosea L.: an herb with anti-stress, anti-aging, and immunostimulating properties for cancer chemoprevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:384-395. [PMID: 30393593 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Rhodiola rosea extracts have been used as a dietary supplement in healthy populations, including athletes, to non-specifically enhance the natural resistance of the body to both physical and behavior stresses for fighting fatigue and depression. We summarize the information with respect to the new pharmacological activities of Rhodiola rosea extracts and its underlying molecular mechanisms in this review article. Recent findings In addition to its multiplex stress-protective activity, Rhodiola rosea extracts have recently demonstrated its anti-aging, anti-inflammation, immunostimulating, DNA repair and anti-cancer effects in different model systems. Molecular mechanisms of Rhodiola rosea extracts's action have been studied mainly along with one of its bioactive compounds, salidroside. Both Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside have contrast molecular mechanisms on cancer and normal physiological functions. For cancer, Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside inhibit the mTOR pathway and reduce angiogenesis through down-regulation of the expression of HIF-1α/HIF-2α. For normal physiological functions, Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside activate the mTOR pathway, stimulate paracrine function and promote neovascularization by inhibiting PHD3 and stabilizing HIF-1α proteins in skeletal muscles. In contrast to many natural compounds, salidroside is water-soluble and highly bioavailable via oral administration and concentrated in urine by kidney excretion. Summary Rhodiola rosea extracts and salidroside can impose cellular and systemic benefits similar to the effect of positive lifestyle interventions to normal physiological functions and for anti-cancer. The unique pharmacological properties of Rhodiola rosea extracts or salidroside deserve further investigation for cancer chemoprevention, in particular for human urinary bladder cancer.
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Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Orhan IE, Badiee A, Daglia M, Nabavi SM. Rhodiola rosea L. and Alzheimer's Disease: From Farm to Pharmacy. Phytother Res 2016; 30:532-9. [PMID: 27059687 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. (roseroot) is a common member of the family Crassulaceae, known as one of the most important popular medicinal plants in the northern region of Europe. The roots of R. rosea possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects that are because of the presence of different phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids. In addition, the presence of salidroside, rosavins, and p-tyrosol are responsible for its beneficial effects for the treatment of on depression, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. A plethora of studies report that R. rosea has potent neuroprotective effects through the suppression of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity in brain tissues and antagonism of oncogenic p21-activated kinase. However, to our knowledge, no review articles have been published addressing the neuroprotective effects of R. rosea. Therefore, the present article aims at critically reviewing the available literature on the beneficial effects of R. rosea on as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases where oxidative stress plays a major role in disease development and progression. We also discuss the cultivation, phytochemistry, clinical impacts, and adverse effects of R. rosea to provide a broader insight on the therapeutic potential for this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arash Badiee
- Deputy of Food and Drug, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Grech-Baran M, Sykłowska-Baranek K, Pietrosiuk A. Biotechnological approaches to enhance salidroside, rosin and its derivatives production in selected Rhodiola spp. in vitro cultures. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:657-674. [PMID: 26213525 PMCID: PMC4513219 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) an arctic-alpine plant, is extensively used in traditional folk medicine in Asian and European countries. A number of investigations have demonstrated that Rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic, neuroprotective, anti-tumour, cardioprotective, and anti-depressant effects. The main compounds responsible for these activities are believed to be salidroside, rosin and its derivatives which became the target of biotechnological investigations. This review summarizes the results of the diverse biotechnological approaches undertaken to enhance the production of salidroside, rosin and its derivatives in callus, cell suspension and organ in vitro cultures of selected Rhodiola species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grech-Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pietrosiuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Luo Q, Wang SM, Lu Q, Luo J, Cheng YX. Identification of compounds from the water soluble extract of Cinnamomum cassia barks and their inhibitory effects against high-glucose-induced mesangial cells. Molecules 2013; 18:10930-43. [PMID: 24013407 PMCID: PMC6270337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulty of diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment makes prevention the best choice. Cinnamomum cassia barks, known as Chinese cinnamon or Chinese cassia, is one of the most popular natural spices and flavoring agents in many parts of the World. Since previous reports indicated that Chinese cinnamon extract could be used for the treatment of diabetes, we proposed that this spice may be beneficial for the prevention of DN. However, the responsible compounds need to be further identified. In this study, we isolated three new phenolic glycosides, cinnacassosides A–C (1-3), together with fifteen known compounds from the water soluble extract of Chinese cinnamon. The structures of the new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic evidence. Eleven compounds (6-9, 11, 13-18) were isolated from this spice for the first time, despite extensive research on this species in the past, which added new facets for the chemical profiling of this spice. These isolates were purposely evaluated for their inhibitory effects on IL-6 and extracellular matrix production in mesangial cells which are definitely implicated in DN. The results showed that compounds 4-8 could inhibit over secretion of IL-6, collagen IV and fibronectin against high-glucose-induced mesangial cells at 10 µM, suggesting that Chinese cinnamon could be used as a functional food against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671002, Yunnan, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-871-6522-3048
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Ma C, Hu L, Fu Q, Gu X, Tao G, Wang H. Separation of four flavonoids from Rhodiola rosea by on-line combination of sample preparation and counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1306:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li Q, Zhou XD, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Salidroside reduces cold-induced mucin production by inhibiting TRPM8 activation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:637-46. [PMID: 23835496 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salidroside is an effective component of the traditional Chinese herb, Rhodiola rosea, that is known to have the ability to protect individuals from cold attacks. In the present study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on respiratory epithelial cells exposed to cold temperatures. We wished to determine whether salidroside exerts any effect on cold-induced mucin (MUC) production and the possible mechanisms involved in this process. We incubated HBE16 cells with salidroside, exposed them to a cold stimulus (18˚C), and assayed the following endpoints: MUC production (the expression of MUC5AC), concentration intracellular of free calcium ([Ca2+]i), the activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel and the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Our results revealed a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i concentration, as well as in TRPM8 and CREB expression in the cold-stimulated cells. MUC5AC expression was also increased. Treatment of the cells with salidroside at concentrations of 50 and 100 µM decreased the [Ca2+]i concentration, with a maximal effect detected in the cells treated with 100 µM salidroside. The expression of TRPM8 and TRPM8 channel conductivity were also repressed by salidroside; salidroside decreased the high levels of CREB activity and phosphorylation observed in the cold-stimulated cells. Furthermore, we transfected the cold-stimulated cells with CREB small interfering RNA (siRNA) to analyze TRPM8 gene expression in the absence of CREB activity. The results revealed that the cells treated with either CREB siRNA or salidroside expressed low levels of TRPM8 mRNA and protein. These results indicate that salidroside reduces MUC overproduction induced by cold stimuli and that salidroside exerts its protective effects by inhibiting TRPM8 activation, mainly by decreasing CREB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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25
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Jiang ZY, Liu WF, Zhang XM, Luo J, Ma YB, Chen JJ. Anti-HBV active constituents from Piper longum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2123-7. [PMID: 23434420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the screening search for Hepatitis B virus inhibitory agents from medicinal plants, the ethanol extract of Piper longum Linn. was found to possess superior anti-HBV activity in vitro. Bioassay-guided fractionation coupled with repeated purification resulted in the isolation of four new compounds, involving two new glycosides longumosides A (1) and B (2) and two new amide alkaloids erythro-1-[1-oxo-9(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2E-nonenyl]-piperidine (3), threo-1-[1-oxo-9(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydroxy-2E-nonenyl]-piperidine (4), as well as two compounds 3β,4α-dihydroxy-2-piperidinone (5), 5,6-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridinone (6) from natural source for the first time. The structures of the four new compounds were determined by extensive analyses of the MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR data. Besides, the compounds 2-6, together with the known compounds 7-11 obtained previously, were assayed for their anti-HBV activity by using Hep G 2.2.15 cell line in vitro. Results suggested the compound piperine (7) possessed remarkable inhibitory HBV activity, against the secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) with the Selectivity Index (SI) values of 15.7 and 16.8, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, China.
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Ma C, Hu L, Lou Z, Wang H, Gu X. PREPARATIVE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF FOUR PHENYLPROPANOID GLYCOSIDES FROM RHODIOLA ROSEA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.644055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi , China
- b Quartermaster Department , Air Force College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Liming Hu
- b Quartermaster Department , Air Force College , Xuzhou , China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi , China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi , China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, School of Food Science and Technology , Wuxi , China
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Mirmazloum I, György Z. Review of the molecular genetics in higher plants towards salidrosid and cinnamyl alcohol glycosides biosynthesis inRhodiola roseaL. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.suppl.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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An innovative approach to the safety evaluation of natural products: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) leaf aqueous extract as a case study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3150-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang YN, Zhang F, Feng ZM, Jiang JS, Zhang PC. Two new compounds from the roots of Rhodiola crenulata. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:862-866. [PMID: 22924584 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.701208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds, named (3R,5R,8R)-3-O-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl (1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-5-hydroxymegastigma-6,7-dien-9-one (1) and (1R)-1-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-phenylethylene glycol (2), were isolated from the extract of Rhodiola crenulata. Their structures were determined on the basis of various spectroscopic methods, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical evidences. The cytotoxicity of these two compounds was evaluated by using MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing, China
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Ma C, Wang H, Gu X, Hu L. Large-Scale Preparative Isolation of Rosavin fromRhodiola roseavia Ion Liquids MAE and Subsequent Flash Adsorption Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2012.661823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hu Q, Li X, Huang H, Mu H, Tu P, Li G. Phenylpropanoids from the Roots of Codonopsis cordifolioidea and Their Biological Activities. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.1.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ma YC, Wang XQ, Hou F, Ma J, Luo M, Lu S, Jin P, Chen A, Xu I, Patel AV, Gorecki D. Simultaneous quantification of polyherbal formulations containing Rhodiola rosea L. and Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. using rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:908-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ma YC, Wang XQ, Hou FF, Ma J, Luo M, Lu S, Jin P, Terevsky N, Chen A, Xu I, Patel AV, Gorecki D. Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC) Analysis for Quality Control of Rhodiola Rosea Roots and Commercial Standardized Products. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and reliable reversed phase Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC) method was developed and validated for six biologically active compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, rosarin, rosavin, rosin and rosiridin) in Rhodiola rosea L. roots and powder extracts. The method uses a Phenomenex C18 (2)-HST column at 40°C with a neutral gradient system mobile phase (H2O and acetonitrile), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection wavelengths set at 205 and 254 nm, simultaneously. Baseline separation of the six active compounds was achieved within 8 minutes. The average percentages of rosavins (rosarin, rosavin, and rosin) in authentic R. rosea roots and root powder extracts were quantitatively determined and a characteristic R. rosea roots RRLC profile was established. The RRLC method is accurate and sensitive; in addition, it effectively increases the sample analysis throughput compared with conventional HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chun Ma
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
- Canadian Institute of Medicinal Plants, 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
- Canadian Institute of Medicinal Plants, 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Fei Fei Hou
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Jie Ma
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
- Canadian Institute of Medicinal Plants, 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Mai Luo
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Shane Lu
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Peter Jin
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Nelly Terevsky
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Alice Chen
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Iris Xu
- Canadian Phytopharmaceuticals Corp., 12233 Riverside Way, Richmond, B.C. Canada V6W 1K8
| | - Asmita V. Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Dariusz Gorecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
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Synthesis of some phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) and their acetylcholinesterase/xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. Molecules 2011; 16:3580-96. [PMID: 21527885 PMCID: PMC6263338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16053580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, three categories of phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPGs) were designed and synthesized with PPGs isolated from Rhodiola rosea L. as lead compounds. Their inhibitory abilities toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were also tested. Some of the synthetic PPGs exhibited excellent enzyme inhibitory abilities.
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Chou Lin SS, Chin LW, Chao PC, Lai YY, Lin LY, Chou MY, Chou MC, Wei JCC, Yang CC. In Vivo
Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Modulation Effects of Rhodiola rosea
Standardised Solution and its Major Constituent, Salidroside. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1604-11. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Shen Chou Lin
- School of Dentistry; Chung Shang Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Lengsu William Chin
- Institute of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
- Emergency Department; Da Chien General Hospital; Miaoli Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Pei-Chun Chao
- School of Nutritional Science; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Nutrition; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ya-Yun Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Long-Yau Lin
- Emergency Department; Da Chien General Hospital; Miaoli Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yung Chou
- School of Dentistry; Chung Shang Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Emergency Department; Da Chien General Hospital; Miaoli Taiwan R.O.C
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chiang Yang
- Institute of Medicine; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology; Chung Shan Medical University; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan R.O.C
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Ioset KN, Nyberg NT, Van Diermen D, Malnoe P, Hostettmann K, Shikov AN, Jaroszewski JW. Metabolic profiling of Rhodiola rosea rhizomes by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:158-165. [PMID: 20848394 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhodiola rosea is a broadly used medicinal plant with largely unexplored natural variability in secondary metabolite levels. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to develop a non-target procedure for ¹H NMR spectroscopic fingerprinting of rhizome extracts for pattern recognition analysis and identification of secondary metabolites responsible for differences in sample composition. To achieve this, plants from three different geographic areas (Swiss Alps, Finland, and Altai region in Siberia) were investigated. RESULTS A sample preparation procedure was developed in order to remove polymeric polyphenols as the ¹H NMR analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites was hampered by the presence of tannins. Principal component analysis disclosed tight clustering of samples according to population. PCA models based on the aromatic region of the spectra showed that the first two components reflected changes in the content of salidroside and rosavin, respectively, the rosavin content being negatively correlated to that of rhodiocyanoside A and minor aromatics. Score plots and non-parametric variance tests demonstrated population-dependent changes according to harvest time. Data consistency was assessed using score plots and box-and-whisker graphs. In addition, a procedure for presenting loadings of PCA models based on bucketed data as high-resolution plots, which are reminiscent of real ¹H NMR spectra and help to identify latent biomarkers, is presented. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the usefulness of the established procedure for multivariate non-target ¹H NMR metabolic profiling of Rhodiola rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Ndjoko Ioset
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Salidroside protects against MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by inhibiting the NO pathway. Brain Res 2011; 1382:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Evstatieva L, Todorova M, Antonova D, Staneva J. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Rhodiola rosea L. of three different origins. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6:256-8. [PMID: 21120024 PMCID: PMC2992135 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.71782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), or "rose root" is a perennial herbaceous plant, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Pharmacological studies have shown that R. rosea exhibits different biological activities - antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, etc. The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils from rhizomes of three commercial samples of R. rosea originated from Bulgaria (sample 1), China (sample 2) and India (sample 3). The oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Thus, the main volatile component in the Bulgaria and Chinese R. rosea was geraniol, followed by myrthenol in sample 1 or octanol in sample 2. Phenethylalcohol was a principal constituent in the Indian oil. Myrtenol and octanol were in significant amounts too. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were characteristic of the latter sample. It is notable that cinnamyl alcohol, which was present in large concentration in Bulgarian sample, was not detected in the other two samples. The obtained results showed considerable differences in the composition of the studied three origins of R. rosea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljuba Evstatieva
- Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milka Todorova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.9, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Antonova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.9, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jordanka Staneva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl.9, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Examining the genomic influence of skin antioxidants in vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20706672 PMCID: PMC2913633 DOI: 10.1155/2010/230450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of well-known, purified antioxidants including: Resveratrol, Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), Genistein, Rosavin, Puerarin, Chlorogenic Acid, Propolis and two newer unexplored isoflavonoids isolated from Maclura pomifera (Osage Orange) including Pomiferin and Osajin, were applied to Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts (NHDF) and Normal Human Dermal Keratinocytes (NHEK) for 24 hours. The resulting treated cells were then examined using human gene microarrays supplied by Agilent. These chips typically have somewhere on the order of 30,000 individual genes which are expressed in the human genome. For our study, this large list of genes was reduced to 205 principal genes thought to be important for skin and each individual ingredient was examined for its influence on the culled list of genes. Working on a hypothesis that there may be some common genes which are either upregulated or downregulated by all or most of these ingredients, a short list of genes for each cell line was developed. What appears to emerge from these studies is that several genes in the gene pool that was screened are influenced by most or all of the molecules of interest. Genes that appear to be upregulated in both cell lines by all the ingredients include: ACLY, AQP3, COX1, NOS3, and PLOD3. Genes that appear to be downregulated in both cell lines by all ingredients include only PGR.
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Loo WTY, Jin LJ, Chow LWC, Cheung MNB, Wang M. Rhodiola algida improves chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in breast cancer patients. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19 Suppl 1:S91-100. [PMID: 20374035 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003727057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral ulcerative mucositis, a common adverse effect due to mainstream cytotoxic drugs, limits the nutritional intake of cancer patients. Rhodiola algida is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to stimulate the immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of this herbal extract on healthy human lymphocytes in vitro, the homeostasis of cancer patients and the healing time of oral ulcers. METHOD The constituents of Rhodiola algida were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Lymphocytes isolated from 462 healthy subjects were treated with 100 ug/ml Rhodiola algida for 48 h. The activity of the cells was measured by cell proliferation reagent and ATP assay. The level of various cytokines and mRNA content of lymphocytes were determined. Rhodiola algida demonstrated no toxicity in animals, which had been orally fed with 1 mg/ml Rhodiola algida for 30 days. 130 breast cancer patients from Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University were recruited between 2006 and 2007. They received four cycles of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide after modified total mastectomy. These patients were randomly assigned to test and control groups. Rhodiola algida mixture was consumed by the test group for 14 consecutive days after each cycle of chemotherapy. All patients were given 0.2% chlorohexidine mouth wash to be used every day. Complete blood counts, liver and renal function tests together with the number and size of oral ulcerations were analyzed after each cycle. Weight loss, complaints of nausea or vomiting and degree of pain were noted. RESULTS The optimal concentration of Rhodiola algida favored the proliferation of lymphocytes. The levels of IL-2, IL-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the mRNA content of these cytokines were also enhanced. White blood cell (WBC) levels returned to normal range in both groups 1 week after every cycle of chemotherapy. WBC count increased faster in patients using Rhodiola algida; they presented with smaller and fewer oral ulcers. There were no liver or renal complications observed in any patients. CONCLUSION Rhodiola algida increases immunity of patients who are receiving chemotherapy post mastectomy and decreases the quantity of oral ulcers. Thus Rhodiola algida has the potential to be used concurrently with chemotherapy to alleviate the occurrence of oral ulcers.
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Bai N, He K, Ibarra A, Bily A, Roller M, Chen X, Rühl R. Iridoids from Fraxinus excelsior with adipocyte differentiation-inhibitory and PPARalpha activation activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:2-6. [PMID: 20000781 DOI: 10.1021/np9003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two new secoiridoid glucosides, excelsides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the seeds of Fraxinus excelsior. Their structures were elucidated as (2S,4S,3E)-methyl 3-ethylidene-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-[(6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate and (2S,4S,3E)-methyl 3-ethylidene-4-{2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]oxy-2-oxoethyl}-2-[(6-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate, respectively, on the basis of NMR and MS data. Eight known compounds were identified as nuzhenide (3), GI3 (4), GI5 (5), ligstroside (6), oleoside 11-methyl ester (7), oleoside dimethyl ester (8), 1'''-O-beta-D-glucosylformoside (9), and salidroside (10). Compounds 1-9 inhibited adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Dilutions of the aqueous extract of F. excelsior (1:10,000) as well as compounds 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 activated the peroxisome proliferator-mediated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) reporter cell system in the range of 10(-4) M, compared to 10(-7)-10(-8) M for the synthetic PPARalpha activator, WY14,643. Both biological activity profiles support the hypothesis that inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and PPARalpha-mediated mechanisms might be relevant pathways for the antidiabetic activity of F. excelsior extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Bai
- Naturex, Inc., 375 Huyler Street, South Hackensack, New Jersey 07606, USA
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Jeong HJ, Ryu YB, Park SJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ, Kim JH, Park KH, Rho MC, Lee WS. Neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from Rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6816-23. [PMID: 19729316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Five flavonols (3, 5, and 9-11) were isolated from Rhodiola rosea, and compared with commercially available flavonoids (1, 2, 4, 6-8, and 12-14) to facilitate analysis of their structure-activity relationship (SAR). All compounds (1-14) showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 0.8 to 56.9 microM. The in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of flavonoids 1-6, 8-12, and 14 were evaluated using two influenza viral strains, H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) and H9N2 (A/Chicken/Korea/MS96/96), testing their ability to reduce virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in MDCK cells. We found that the activity of these compounds ranged from 30.2 to 99.1 microM against H1N1- and 18.5 to 133.6 microM against H9N2-induced CPE. Of compounds 1-14, gossypetin (6) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 0.8 and 2.6 microM on neuraminidases from Clostridium perfringens and recombinant influenza virus A (rvH1N1), respectively. In contrast, kaempferol (3) exhibited the highest activity against two influenza viruses, H1N1 and H9N2 with EC(50) values of 30.2 and 18.5 microM, respectively. Activity depended on the position and number of hydroxy groups on the flavonoids backbone. In kinetic studies, all isolated compounds behaved as noncompetitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jae Jeong
- Bioindustry Technology Research Center and AI Control Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Avula B, Wang YH, Ali Z, Smillie TJ, Filion V, Cuerrier A, Arnason JT, Khan IA. RP-HPLC determination of phenylalkanoids and monoterpenoids inRhodiola roseaand identification by LC-ESI-TOF. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:865-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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van Diermen D, Marston A, Bravo J, Reist M, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K. Monoamine oxidase inhibition by Rhodiola rosea L. roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:397-401. [PMID: 19168123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is traditionally used in Eastern Europe and Asia to stimulate the nervous system, enhance physical and mental performance, treat fatigue, psychological stress and depression. In order to investigate the influence of Rhodiola rosea L. roots on mood disorders, three extracts were tested against monoamine oxidases (MAOs A and B) in a microtitre plate bioassay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol and water extracts gave the highest inhibitory activity against MAOs. Twelve compounds were then isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation using chromatographic methods. The structures were determined by 1H, 13C NMR and HR-MS. RESULTS The methanol and water extracts exhibited respectively inhibitions of 92.5% and 84.3% on MAO A and 81.8% and 88.9% on MAO B, at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. The most active compound (rosiridin) presented an inhibition over 80% on MAO B at a concentration of 10(-5) M (pIC50=5.38+/-0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present investigation demonstrates that Rhodiola rosea L. roots have potent anti-depressant activity by inhibiting MAO A and may also find application in the control of senile dementia by their inhibition of MAO B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne van Diermen
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Cytotoxic constituents from the bark of Salix hulteni. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:978-82. [PMID: 18787784 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eight compounds were isolated from the bark of Salix hulteni. Based on spectral data, the isolated compounds were identified as 4-hydroxyacetophenone (1), naringenin (2), aromadendrin (3), catechin (4), picein (5), sachaliside 1 (6), 1-p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucoside (7), and dihydromyricetin (8). Their cytotoxic activities against brine shrimp and a human lung cancer cell line (H1299) were evaluated.
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Mei RQ, Lu Q, Hu YF, Liu HY, Bao FK, Zhang Y, Cheng YX. Three New Polyyne (=Polyacetylene) Glucosides from the Edible Roots ofCodonopsis cordifolioidea. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cao LL, Du GH, Wang MW. The effect of salidroside on cell damage induced by glutamate and intracellular free calcium in PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:159-65. [PMID: 16753799 DOI: 10.1080/1028602042000325645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (Sald), was extracted from Rhodiola rosea L, a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used for long time for anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-oxidative stress etc. In present experiment, salidroside could protect the PC12 cell against injuries caused by exposure of PC12 cells to 2 mmol/L glutamate for 15 min followed by incubation with serum-free medium for 24 h, which resembled the excitotoxin in vivo system. Furthermore, saldroside could decrease the [Ca2+]i of PC12 cells in Mg2+-free Hanks' solution and D-Hanks' solution but there was no effect on basal [Ca2+]i in Hanks' solution. The studies also indicated that salidroside inhibited the increases of [Ca2+]i induced by KCl and glutamate. In conclusion, salidroside may protect PC12 cell against glutamate excitotoxic damage through suppressing the excessive entry of Ca2+ and the release of the calcium stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Cao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Shyr MH, Tsai TH, Lin LC. Rossicasins A, B and Rosicaside F, Three New Phenylpropanoid Glycosides from Boschniakia rossica. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:252-4. [PMID: 16462077 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three phenylpropanoid glycosides have been isolated, together with the known phenylpropanoid glycosides rossicaside A (4), B (5), E (6), and trans-p-coumaryl alcohol 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), and an acylated oligosaccharide beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-(4-O-trans-caffeoyl)-D-glucopyranose) (8), from the aqueous extract of Boschniakia rossica (CHAM. et SCHLECH.) FEDTSCH. et FLEROV. Spectroscopic evidence led to the assignments of their structures as trans-p-coumaryl-(6'-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), trans-p-coumaryl-(6'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-R,S-2-ethoxy-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->3)(4-O-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), designated as rossicasin A, rossicasin B, and rossicaside F, respectively. Compound 7 was identified from the degradation reaction and this is the first isolation from a natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hwang Shyr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Petsalo A, Jalonen J, Tolonen A. Identification of flavonoids of Rhodiola rosea by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1112:224-31. [PMID: 16343518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from the aerial parts of medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea were identified using LC/MS experiments with time-of-flight and triple quadrupole instruments, providing accurate mass and CID fragmentation data about the compounds. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to remove non-polar compounds from the samples, followed by liquid extraction of the flavonoids. Flavonoids were the main constituents in aerial parts of the plant, and no phenylpropanoids were detected. In addition to usual fragment ions providing the size of the attached glycosides in flavonoids, ions due to radical cleavage of glycosides were observed in the negative ion mode with relatively high collision energies. Use of these ions for elucidating the glycosylation site in the aglycone part was evaluated and was found to give some tentative information, but their use in unambiguous identification of unknown flavonoids is not recommended. Fifteen flavonoids, of which 10 were previously unreported from the plant, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksanteri Petsalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Kishida M, Akita H. Simple preparation of phenylpropenoid β-d-glucopyranoside congeners by Mizoroki–Heck type reaction using organoboron reagents. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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