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Szklarzewicz J, Jurowska A, Hodorowicz M, Kazek G, Głuch-Lutwin M, Sapa J. Ligand role on insulin-mimetic properties of vanadium complexes. Structural and biological studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azam A, Raza MA, Sumrra SH. Therapeutic Application of Zinc and Vanadium Complexes against Diabetes Mellitus a Coronary Disease: A review. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDuring the last two decades, number of peoples suffering from diabetes has increased from 30-230 million globally. Today, seven out of the ten top countries are suffering from diabetes, are emergent countries. Due to alarming situations of diabetes, chemists and pharmacist are continuously searching and synthesizing new potent therapeutics to treat this disease. Now a days, considerable attention is being paid to the chemistry of the metal-drug interactions. Metals and their organic based complexes are being used clinically for various ailments. In this review, a comprehensive discussion about synthesis and diabetic evaluation of zinc and vanadium complex is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asam Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Sheikhshoaie I, Ebrahimipour SY, Lotfi N, Mague JT, Khaleghi M. Synthesis, spectral characterization, X-ray crystal structure and antimicrobial activities of two cis dioxido-vanadium(V) complexes incorporating unsymmetrical dimalonitrile-based (NNO) Schiff base ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pelletier J, Domingues N, Castro MMCA, Östenson CG. In vitro effects of bis(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)oxidovanadium(IV), or VO(dmpp)2, on insulin secretion in pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 154:29-34. [PMID: 26559485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds have been explored as therapy of diabetes, and most studies have focussed on insulin mimetic effects, i.e. reducing hyperglycemia by improving glucose sensitivity and thus glucose uptake in sensitive tissues. We have recently shown that bis(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)oxidovanadium(IV), VO(dmpp)2, has promising effects when compared to another vanadium compound, bis(maltolato)oxidovanadium(IV), BMOV, and insulin itself, in isolated adipocytes and in vivo in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of hereditary type 2 diabetes (T2D).We now have investigated in GK rats whether VO(dmpp)2 also modulates another important defect in T2D, impaired insulin secretion. VO(dmpp)2, but not BMOV, stimulated insulin secretion from isolated GK rat pancreatic islets at high, 16.7mM, but not at low–normal, 3.3 mM, glucose concentration. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the insulin releasing effect of VO(dmpp)2 is due to its interaction with several steps in the stimulus-secretion coupling for glucose, including islet glucose metabolism and K-ATP channels, L-type Ca2+ channels, modulation by protein kinases A and C, as well as the exocytotic machinery. In conclusion, VO(dmpp)2 exhibits properties of interest for treatment of the insulin secretory defect in T2D, in addition to its well-described insulin mimetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pelletier
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna D2:04, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neuza Domingues
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Margarida C A Castro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Rua Larga, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna D2:04, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ahmed El-Shazly S, Ahmed MM, Ibrahim ZS, Refat MS. Synthesis, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of a new anti-diabetic vanadyl(II) thiamine hydrochloride complex in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:227-39. [PMID: 25816395 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015576036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in either insulin secretion or action. A range of vanadium complexes have been synthesized and demonstrated to be effective in lowering hyperglycemia. Thiamine administration was also reported to prevent deterioration in fasting glucose and insulin levels, and to improve glucose tolerance in hyperglycemic patients. This study has been conducted to evaluate the ionic vanadyl(II) thiamine hydrochloride complex (VC) as a new anti-diabetic candidate. The new complex was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The anti-diabetic effect of VC was investigated in comparison to vanadium sulfate in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with VC versus vanadyl sulfate showed a more potent effect on reducing serum glucose and cholesterol close to normal levels. VC suppressed the diabetes-induced upregulation of hepatic glucose transporter (GLUT)-2, Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) more significantly than vanadyl sulfate. Either vanadyl sulfate or VC restored hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) and muscle hexokinase (HK) mRNA expression that was downregulated in diabetic group. Pyruvate kinase (PK) mRNA expression was restored more significantly in VC-treated than vanadyl sulfate-treated diabetic rats. These results indicate that the newly synthesized VC could be an effective anti-diabetic candidate as the anti-diabetic activity of the ionic vanadium was enhanced after being modified with the organic ligand, thiamin. The results also suggest that VC achieves its effect most likely through modulating the transcription of energy metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ahmed El-Shazly
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kaferelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Zein Shaban Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kaferelsheikh University, Egypt Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt
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Makinen MW, Salehitazangi M. The Structural Basis of Action of Vanadyl (VO 2+) Chelates in Cells. Coord Chem Rev 2014; 279:1-22. [PMID: 25237207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Much emphasis has been given to vanadium compounds as potential therapeutic reagents for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Thus far, no vanadium compound has proven efficacious for long-term treatment of this disease in humans. Therefore, in review of the research literature, our goal has been to identify properties of vanadium compounds that are likely to favor physiological and biochemical compatibility for further development as therapeutic reagents. We have, therefore, limited our review to those vanadium compounds that have been used in both in vivo experiments with small, laboratory animals and in in vitro studies with primary or cultured cell systems and for which pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics results have been reported, including vanadium tissue content, vanadium and ligand lifetime in the bloodstream, structure in solution, and interaction with serum transport proteins. Only vanadyl (VO2+) chelates fulfill these requirements despite the large variety of vanadium compounds of different oxidation states, ligand structure, and coordination geometry synthesized as potential therapeutic agents. Extensive review of research results obtained with use of organic VO2+-chelates shows that the vanadyl chelate bis(acetylacetonato)oxidovanadium(IV) [hereafter abbreviated as VO(acac)2], exhibits the greatest capacity to enhance insulin receptor kinase activity in cells compared to other organic VO2+-chelates, is associated with a dose-dependent capacity to lower plasma glucose in diabetic laboratory animals, and exhibits a sufficiently long lifetime in the blood stream to allow correlation of its dose-dependent action with blood vanadium content. The properties underlying this behavior appear to be its high stability and capacity to remain intact upon binding to serum albumin. We relate the capacity to remain intact upon binding to serum albumin to the requirement to undergo transcytosis through the vascular endothelium to gain access to target tissues in the extravascular space. Serum albumin, as the most abundant transport protein in the blood stream, serves commonly as the carrier protein for small molecules, and transcytosis of albumin through capillary endothelium is regulated by a Src protein tyrosine kinase system. In this respect it is of interest to note that inorganic VO2+ has the capacity to enhance insulin receptor kinase activity of intact 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of albumin, albeit weak; however, in the presence of transferrin no activation is observed. In addition to facilitating glucose uptake, the capacity of VO2+- chelates for insulin-like, antilipolytic action in primary adipocytes has also been reviewed. We conclude that measurement of inhibition of release of only free fatty acids from adipocytes stimulated by epinephrine is not a sufficient basis to ascribe the observations to purely insulin-mimetic, antilipolytic action. Adipocytes are known to contain both phosphodiesterase-3 and phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE3 and PDE4) isozymes, of which insulin antagonizes lipolysis only through PDE3B. It is not known whether the other isozyme in adipocytes is influenced directly by VO2+- chelates. In efforts to promote improved development of VO2+- chelates for therapeutic purposes, we propose synergism of a reagent with insulin as a criterion for evaluating physiological and biochemical specificity of action. We highlight two organic compounds that exhibit synergism with insulin in cellular assays. Interestingly, the only VO2+- chelate for which this property has been demonstrated, thus far, is VO(acac)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin W Makinen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57 Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Marzieh Salehitazangi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57 Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA
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Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H, Crans DC, Micera G, Garribba E. Structural and redox requirements for the action of anti-diabetic vanadium compounds. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:6965-72. [PMID: 24668346 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first systematic investigation of the anti-diabetic properties of non-oxido V(IV) complexes. In particular, the insulin-mimetic activity of [V(IV)(taci)2](4+), [V(IV)(inoH-3)2](2-), [V(IV)(dhab)2], [V(IV)(hyph(Ph))2], [V(IV)(cat)3](2-) and [V(IV)(pdbh)2]--where taci is 1,3,5-triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy-cis-inositol, ino is cis-inositol, H2dhab is 2,2'-dihydroxyazobenzene, H2hyph(Ph) is 3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, H2cat is catechol and H2pdbh is pentan-2,4-dione benzoylhydrazone--was evaluated in terms of free fatty acid (FFA) release. Among the six compounds examined, only [V(IV)(pdbh)2], [V(IV)(cat)3](2-) and [V(IV)(hyph(Ph))2], which at the physiological pH convert to the corresponding V(IV)O complexes, were found to exhibit a significant insulin-mimetic activity compared to VOSO4. In contrast, [V(taci)2](4+), [V(inoH-3)2](2-) and [V(dhab)2], which at pH 7.4 keep their 'bare' non-oxido structure, did not cause any inhibition of FFA. The results, therefore, suggest that a V(IV)O functionality is necessary for vanadium complexes to exhibit anti-diabetic effects. This agrees with the notion that the biotransformations of V compounds in the organism are more important than the nature of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Welfare, Kobe Woman's University, Kobe, Japan
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Yoshikawa Y. [Development research of new Zn complexes with anti-diabetic effect--structure-activity-related studies by displacement of coordination atom]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 132:1051-5. [PMID: 23023423 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus in 2007 was reported to be approximately 200 million people worldwide. Since the finding of insulinomimetic activity of Zn ion, several insulinomimetic Zn complexes have been reported. Zn complexes are expected to be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. We reported that Zn complexes with coordinating sulfur atom exhibit higher insulin-mimetic activity. In this study, we investigated the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic differences between Zn(O₄) and Zn(S₂O₂) coordination environments of tropolonate-Zn complexes with antidiabetic effect. Among the tropolonate-Zn complexes with various coordination environments, di(2-mercaptotropolonato)Zn with the Zn(S₂O₂) coordination environments was found to exhibit the highest in vitro insulinomimetic activity with respect to glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes treated with adrenaline. In vivo experiments, di(2-mercaptotropolonato)Zn was found to exhibit potent hypoglycemic activity and improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic KKA(y) mice at a low orally administered daily dose. On the other hand, di(tropolonato)Zn, which has the Zn(O₄) coordination mode, had a lesser effect at the same dose. In a pharmacokinetic analysis based on the tracer method, di(2-mercaptotropolonato)Zn was found to be absorbed at a significantly slower rate with a longer half-life than di(tropolonato)Zn. These results suggest that the potent hypoglycemic activity of di(2-mercaptotropolonato)Zn with Zn(S₂O₂) coordination environments might be attributed to its long half-life.
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Therapeutic properties of VO(dmpp)2 as assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies in type 2 diabetic GK rats. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 131:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dias DM, Rodrigues JPGLM, Domingues NS, Bonvin AMJJ, Castro MMCA. Unveiling the Interaction of Vanadium Compounds with Human Serum Albumin by Using1H STD NMR and Computational Docking Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wei YB, Yang XD. Synthesis, characterization and anti-diabetic therapeutic potential of a new benzyl acid-derivatized kojic acid vanadyl complex. Biometals 2012; 25:1261-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saha TK, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. In vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature of oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes in healthy rats. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612004458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We prepared [meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) tetrasodium, ([VO(tcpp)]Na4), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and bioavailability of [VO(tcpp)]Na4 were considerably better than those of [meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+) tetraperchlorate ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4) and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. On the other hand, [VO(tcpp)]Na4 and [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]oxidovanadate(IV)(4-)([VO(tpps)]) showed very similar in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [VO(tcpp)]Na4 ≈ [VO(tpps)] > ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4 > oxovanadium(IV) sulphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Ymashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Ymashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hirouki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Ymashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sakurai
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Ymashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Wei Y, Zhang C, Zhao P, Yang X, Wang K. A new salicylic acid-derivatized kojic acid vanadyl complex: Synthesis, characterization and anti-diabetic therapeutic potential. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1081-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Yoshikawa Y, Murayama A, Adachi Y, Sakurai H, Yasui H. Challenge of studies on the development of new Zn complexes (Zn(opt)₂) to treat diabetes mellitus. Metallomics 2011; 3:686-92. [PMID: 21584335 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of worldwide patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) is forecasted to increase over time. The development of compounds without severe side effects for type 2 DM is required not only to treat DM but also to improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients. In this paper, we have described the synthesis of novel first transition metal complexes with S2O2 coordination mode and discussed their anti-diabetic activities. Di(1-oxy-2-pyridinethiolato)Zn complex (Zn(opt)2) with Zn(S2O2) coordination mode displayed higher insulin mimetic with anti-diabetic activity, compared to the ZnCl2 or clinically used medicine (pioglitazone). In addition, Zn(opt)2 improved the insulin and adiponectine levels in the plasma. The gastrointestinal absorption of the Zn complex was found to be higher than that of ZnCl(2). Based on these results, we propose that the Zn(opt)2 complex with Zn(S2O2) coordination mode is a novel candidate for the treatment of type 2 DM; through oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauti-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Mukherjee T, Costa Pessoa J, Kumar A, Sarkar AR. Oxidovanadium(IV) Schiff Base Complex Derived from Vitamin B6: Synthesis, Characterization, and Insulin Enhancing Properties. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:4349-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102412s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Joa̅o Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Asit R. Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
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Sakurai H, Katoh A, Kiss T, Jakusch T, Hattori M. Metallo-allixinate complexes with anti-diabetic and anti-metabolic syndrome activities. Metallomics 2010; 2:670-82. [PMID: 21072358 DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and the accompanied diabetes mellitus are both important diseases worldwide due to changes of lifestyle and eating habits. The number of patients with diabetes worldwide is estimated to increase to 300 million by 2025 from 150-220 million in 2010. There are two main types of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, caused by destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in absolute deficiency of intrinsic insulin secretion, the patients require exogenous insulin injections several times a day. In type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal insulin secretion, the patients need exercise, diet control and/or several types of hypoglycemics. The idea of using metal ions for the treatment of diabetes originates from the report in 1899. The research on the role of metal ions that may contribute to the improvement of diabetes began. The orally active metal complexes containing vanadyl (oxidovanadium(iv)) ion and cysteine or other ligands were first proposed in 1990, and a wide class of vanadium, copper and zinc complexes was found to be effective for treating diabetes in experimental animals. We noticed a characteristic compound, allixin, which is a non-sulfur component in dry garlic. Its vanadyl and zinc complexes improved both types of diabetes following oral administration in diabetic animals. We then developed a new zinc complex with thioxoallixin-N-methyl (tanm), which is both a sulfur and N-methyl derivative of allixin, and found that this complex improves not only diabetes but also metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, new zinc complexes inspired from the zinc-tanm were prepared; one of them exceeded the activity of zinc-tanm. The mechanism of such complexes was studied in adipocytes. We describe here the usefulness of the development of metal-based complexes in the context of potential therapeutic application for diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Sakurai
- Department of Pharmaco-analytical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie, Japan.
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Study of the antidiabetic capacity of the VO(dmpp)2 complex. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:987-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Katoh A, Yokoyama H, Matsumura Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. Synthesis of Metal Complexes with 1-Substituted 3-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethiones and Their Insulin-Mimetic Activities. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Karmaker S, Saha TK, Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H. A Zinc(II)/Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Complex as an Oral Therapeutic for the Treatment of Type-2 Diabetic KKAyMice. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:279-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Katoh A, Matsumura Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. Evaluation of insulin-mimetic activities of vanadyl and zinc(II) complexes from the viewpoint of heterocyclic bidentate ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2008; 103:567-74. [PMID: 19162327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Vanadyl sulfate (VOSO(4)) has been clinically tested in diabetic patients since 1995. Oral administrations of VOSO(4) improved the type 2 diabetic state with respect to plasma glucose, HbA(1c), and fructosamine levels. The development of toxicity by increasing the administration of VOSO(4) should be avoided. One method was the utilization of vanadyl complexes with coordination compounds that are low-toxic and low-molecular-weight ligands to enhance the permeation of the metal ion to lipid bilayer membrane. Over a decade we have focused on a variety of heterocyclic compounds as bidentate ligands for metal ions. Vanadyl and zinc(II) complexes of 1-substituted 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4(1H)-pyridinethiones, 4,5,6-substituted 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyrimidinones, 4-(p-substituted)phenyl-3-hydroxythiazole-2(3H)-thiones, 3-hydroxypyrone, 1-alkyl- or 1-phenylalkyl-3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinethiones, optically active 1-substituted 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinethiones, and 5-dialkylsulfonamido- or 5,7-bis(dialkylsulfonamido)-8-hydroxyquinolines were prepared, and their insulin-mimetic activities were evaluated in terms of IC(50) values which stand for a 50% inhibitory concentration of the free fatty acid release from isolated rat adipocytes. In this article, the relationship between the insulin-mimetic activity and the partition coefficient, the chirality, the substituent effect, molecular weight, the pK(a) value, and the coordination mode was discussed. In vivo blood glucose-lowering effects of the vanadyl complex with 1-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the zinc(II) complexes with 4-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazole- and 4-methylthiazole-2(3H)-thione in KK-A(y) mice were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Katoh
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kitamachi, Kichijoji, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Saha TK, Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H. A [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]zinc(ii) complex as an oral therapeutic for the treatment of type 2 diabetic KKA(y) mice. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:218-25. [PMID: 17245806 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We prepared and characterized [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]zinc(II) ([Zn(tpps)]), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetic KKA(y) mice. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes and zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4)). The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of [Zn(tpps)] was considerably better than that of bis(allixinato)zinc(II) ([Zn(alx)(2)]), bis(maltolato)zinc(II) ([Zn(mal)(2)]), bis(2-aminomethylpyridinato)zinc(II) ([Zn(2-ampy)(2)](2+)), and ZnSO(4). In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [Zn(tpps)]>[Zn(alx)(2)]>[Zn(mal)(2)]>[Zn(2-ampy)](2+)>ZnSO(4). [Zn(tpps)] normalized the hyperglycemia of KKA(y) mice within 21 days when administered orally at doses of 10-20 mg (0.15-0.31 mmol) Zn per kg body mass for 28 days. In addition, metabolic syndromes such as insulin resistance, the degree of renal disturbance, and the degree of liver disturbance were significantly improved in [Zn(tpps)]-treated KKA(y) mice relative to those administered with saline and ZnSO(4). The improvement in diabetes was validated by the results of oral glucose-tolerance tests and the decrease in the HbA(1c) level observed. In contrast, ZnSO(4) and the ligand H(2)tpps did not lower the elevated blood glucose level under the same experimental conditions. Based on these observations, [Zn(tpps)] is proposed to be the first orally active zinc(II)-porphyrin complex for the efficacious treatment of not only type 2 diabetes but also metabolic syndromes in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Nishide M, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa EU, Matsumoto K, Sakurai H, KAJIWARA NM. Insulinomimetic Zn(II) Complexes as Evaluated by Both Glucose-Uptake Activity and Inhibition of Free Fatty Acids Release in Isolated Rat Adipocytes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1181-3. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Midori Nishide
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women's University
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Eriko U. Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women's University
| | - Kinuyo Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women's University
| | - Hiromu Sakurai
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Naemi M. KAJIWARA
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology, Graduate School of Life Science, Kobe Women's University
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Hiromura M, Sakurai H. Action mechanism of metallo-allixin complexes as antidiabetic agents. PURE APPL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200880122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is a group of factors associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is classified into 2 major types - type 1 DM and type 2 DM - characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action, respectively. Several synthetic pharmaceuticals have been developed and clinically used for treating DM; however, these pharmaceuticals continue to cause side effects. Recently, we proposed that oxovanadium(IV) (vanadyl) and zinc(II) (zinc) complexes are potent antidiabetic agents for both type 1 and type 2 DM therapy. This article reviews the vanadyl- and zinc-allixin and their related complexes that are being currently developed as novel types of antidiabetic metal complexes, focusing on their action mechanism in terms of regulation of the insulin signaling pathway and inhibition of lipolysis signaling in adipocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hiromura
- 1Metallomics Research Unit, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromu Sakurai
- 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka, Mie 513-0816, Japan
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Basuki W, Hiromura M, Sakurai H. Molecular Mechanism for Antidiabetic Activity of [meso-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) (VO(tpps)) Complex. Studies on Akt Phosphorylation and GLUT4 Translocation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Karmaker S, Saha TK, Sakurai H. Investigation of a CuII–Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) Complex in Aqueous Solution and its Insulin-Mimetic Activity. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:456-66. [PMID: 17429807 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The complexation between cupric ions (Cu(II)) and poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) in aqueous solutions (pH 3-11) has been studied by UV-visible absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. Formation of the Cu(II)-gamma-PGA complex is confirmed by the observation of the blue shift of the absorption band in the visible region, anisotropic line shapes in the ESR spectrum at room temperature, and a computer simulation of the visible absorption spectrum of the complex. The structure of the Cu(II)-gamma-PGA complex, depending on the pH, has been determined. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the Cu(II)-gamma-PGA complex is examined by determining both inhibition of free fatty acid release and glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes treated with epinephrine, in which the concentration of the Cu(II)-gamma-PGA complex for 50% inhibition of free fatty acid release is very similar to that of CuSO4. However, it is significantly lower than that of a previously reported insulin-mimetic bis(3-hydroxypicolinato)copper(II), [Cu(3hpic)2], complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Karmaker
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Spoor DCA, Martineau LC, Leduc C, Benhaddou-Andaloussi A, Meddah B, Harris C, Burt A, Fraser MH, Coonishish J, Joly E, Cuerrier A, Bennett SAL, Johns T, Prentki M, Arnason JT, Haddad PS. Selected plant species from the Cree pharmacopoeia of northern Quebec possess anti-diabetic potential. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:847-58. [PMID: 17111029 DOI: 10.1139/y06-018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. Some populations, such as aboriginal peoples, are particularly at risk for this disease. In the Cree Nation of Quebec, Canada, prevalence in adults is approaching 20%, and the consequences are compounded by low compliance with modern medicine. In 2003, we conducted an ethnobotanical study of Cree medicinal plants used for the treatment of symptoms of diabetes. This served as the basis for a project designed to identify efficacious complementary treatment options more readily accepted by this population. The present study assesses the in vitro anti-diabetic potential of extracts from the 8 most promising plants to emerge from the ethnobotanical study. Cell-based bioassays were employed to screen for (i) potentiation of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) and adipocytes (3T3-L1); (ii) potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin production by pancreatic beta cells (INS 832/13); (iii) potentiation of triglyceride accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells; (iv) protection against glucose toxicity and glucose deprivation in pre-sympathetic neurons (PC12-AC). Additionally, anti-oxidant activity was measured biochemically by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction assay. All plant extracts potentiated basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to some degree in muscle cells or adipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was accelerated by 4 extracts. Five extracts conferred protection in PC12 cells. Three extracts displayed free radical scavenging activity similar to known anti-oxidants. None of the plant extracts enhanced GSIS or insulin content in INS 832/13 beta cells. It is concluded that the Cree pharmacopoeia contains several plants with significant anti-diabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C A Spoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Centre-ville Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Yoshikawa Y, Adachi Y, Sakurai H. A new type of orally active anti-diabetic Zn(II)-dithiocarbamate complex. Life Sci 2006; 80:759-66. [PMID: 17137606 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 10/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to find orally active Zn(II) complexes that can treat diabetes mellitus (DM) at low doses, four new Zn(II)-dithiocarbamate complexes with Zn(II)-sulfur coordination bonds were prepared and their in vitro insulinomimetic activity and in vivo anti-diabetic ability were evaluated. Among the Zn(II)-dithiocarbamate complexes, the bis(pyrrolidine-N-dithiocarbamate)zinc(II) (Zn(pdc)(2)) complex was found to be the most effective in terms of inhibiting free fatty acid-release and enhancing glucose-uptake in adipocytes. After oral administration of the Zn(pdc)(2) complex to KK-A(y) mice with obesity and type 2 DM, we observed that the high blood glucose levels in the mice were lowered from approximately 500 mg/dL to 350 mg/dL within 6 days, and the effect was maintained during the administration period. Also, indicators of insulin resistance such as serum insulin, leptin, and triglyceride levels were also reduced compared with those in untreated mice. Moreover, the Zn(pdc)(2) complex improved not only the hypertension in the mice, but also the adiponectin level in the serum. On the basis of the results, the Zn(pdc)(2) complex is proposed to improve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 DM animals on daily oral administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sakurai H, Katoh A, Yoshikawa Y. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Insulin-Mimetic Vanadium and Zinc Complexes. Trial for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Basuki W, Hiromura M, Adachi Y, Tayama K, Hattori M, Sakurai H. Enhancement of insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes by oxovanadium(IV) complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:1163-70. [PMID: 16970914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that some oxovanadium(IV) complexes are potent insulin-mimetic compounds for treating both type I and type II diabetic animals. However, the functional mechanism of oxovanadium(IV) complexes is not fully understood. In this report, we have shown that oxovanadium(IV)-picolinate complexes such as VO(pa)(2), VO(3mpa)(2), and VO(6mpa)(2) act on the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Among them, VO(3mpa)(2) was found to be the highest potent activator in inducing not only the phosphotyrosine levels of both IRbeta and IRS but also the activation of downstream kinases in the insulin receptor, such as Akt and GSK3beta, which in turn translocated the insulin-dependent GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Then, we examined whether or not oxovanadium(IV)-picolinates exhibit the hypoglycemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and found that VO(3mpa)(2) is more effective than the others in improving the hyperglycemia of the animals. Our present data indicate that both activation of insulin signaling pathway, which follows the GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, and enhancement of glucose utilization by oxovanadium(IV) complexes cause the hypoglycemic effect in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanny Basuki
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-chio, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Karmaker S, Saha TK, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. A novel drug delivery system for type 1 diabetes: Insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly(γ-glutamic acid) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:1535-46. [PMID: 16824605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-mimetic vanadyl-poly(gamma-glutamic acid) complex, VO-gamma-PGA, is proposed as a novel drug delivery system for treating type 1 diabetic animals. The structure of VO-gamma-PGA in solution as well as in solid state was analyzed by electronic absorption, infra-red, and electron spin resonance spectra, and proposed that the equatorial coordination mode of VO(2+) is in either carboxylate(O)-VO-(OH(2))(3) or 2 carboxylate(O(2))-VO-(OH(2))(2). In vitro insulin-mimetic activity, metallokinetic feature in the blood of healthy rats, and in vivo normoglycemic effect of the complex prepared in solution were evaluated in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, and these effects were compared with those of a solution containing only VOSO(4) as a positive control. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of VO-gamma-PGA was examined by determining both inhibition of free fatty acid (FFA) release and glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes, in which the concentration of VO-gamma-PGA for 50% inhibition of FFA release was significantly lower than that of VOSO(4). Metallokinetic study suggested that the bioavailability of VO-gamma-PGA complex was much higher than that of VOSO(4). The complex showed a significant hypoglycemic activity within at least 4h after a single oral administration, the effect being sustained for at least 24h. Furthermore, VO-gamma-PGA normalized the hyperglycemia in STZ-mice within 3 days when it was given orally at doses of 5-10mgVkg(-1) body mass for 16 days. The improvement in diabetes was also supported by the results on oral glucose tolerance test, HbA(1c) levels, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Karmaker
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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31
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Saha TK, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. Oxovanadium(IV)–Porphyrin Complex as a Potent Insulin-Mimetic. Treatment of Experimental Type 1 Diabetic Mice by the Complex [meso-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadate(IV)(4−). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Adachi Y, Yoshida J, Kodera Y, Katoh A, Takada J, Sakurai H. Bis(allixinato)oxovanadium(IV) Complex Is a Potent Antidiabetic Agent: Studies on Structure−Activity Relationship for a Series of Hydroxypyrone−Vanadium Complexes. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3251-6. [PMID: 16722643 DOI: 10.1021/jm060229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent medical need for orally effective drugs to replace insulin injections for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Vanadium complexes with insulin-mimetic activities have recently been proposed as candidates as new antidiabetic drugs. Following in vitro and in vivo studies on a group of bis(3-hydroxy-4-pyronato)oxovanadium(IV) (1) complexes with VO(O4) coordination mode, bis(allixinato)oxovanadium(IV) (3) which contains allixin, a garlic component, was found to be the most potent antidiabetic agent among them. Complex 3 with a high in vitro insulin-mimetic activity in terms of both free fatty acid (FFA)-release inhibitory and glucose-uptake enhancing activities in isolated rat adipocytes exhibited a high hypoglycemic effect in type 1 diabetic model mice by both intraperitoneal injections and oral administrations. Complex 3 is thus proposed to be one of the most effective candidates for antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Adachi
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Kawabe K, Yoshikawa Y, Adachi Y, Sakurai H. Possible mode of action for insulinomimetic activity of vanadyl(IV) compounds in adipocytes. Life Sci 2006; 78:2860-6. [PMID: 16337244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vanadyl(IV) ions (+4 oxidation state of vanadium) and their complexes have been shown to have in vitro insulinomimetic activity and to be effective in treating animals with diabetes mellitus. Although, researchers have proposed many vanadyl compounds for the treatment of diabetes patients, the mode of action of vanadyl compounds remains controversial. In order to evaluate the mode of action of these compounds, we examined the insulinomimetic activity of VOSO4, bis(picolinato)oxovanadyl(IV), and bis(maltolato)oxovanadyl(IV) in the presence of several inhibitors relevant to the glucose metabolism. After confirming that these vanadyl compounds were incorporated in the adipocytes as estimated by ESR method, we evaluated the mode of action by examining free fatty acids (FFA) release in the adipocytes. Inhibition of FFA release by these vanadyl compounds was found to be reversed by the addition of inhibitors, typically by cytochalasin B (glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) inhibitor), cilostamide (phosphodiesterase inhibitor), HNMPA-(AM)3 (tyrosine kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (PI3-k inhibitor), indicating that these compounds affect primarily GLUT4 and phosphodiesterase, as named "ensemble mechanism". Based on these results, we suggest that vanadyl compounds act on at least four sites relevant to the glucose metabolism, and on GLUT4 and phosphodiesterase in particular in rat adipocytes, which in turn normalizes the blood glucose levels of diabetic animals. The obtained results provide evidence for the role of vanadyl ion and its complexes in stimulation of the uptake and degeneration of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawabe
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Abstract
In developing new insulinomimetic zinc(II) complexes with different coordination structures and with a blood glucose-lowering effect to treat type 2 diabetic animals, we found a potent bis(maltolato)zinc(ll) complex, Zn(mal)(2). Using the complex as the leading compound, we examined the in vitro and in vivo structure-activity relationships of Zn(mal)(2) and its related complexes in respect to the inhibition of free fatty acids (FFA) release and the enhancement of glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes treated with epinephrine (adrenaline), and hypoglycemic activity. Among the compounds tested, a new Zn(II) complex with allixin that was isolated from garlic, bis(allixinato)Zn(II), Zn(alx)(2), was found to exhibit the highest insulin-mimetic and hypoglycemic activities in type 2 KK-A(y) diabetic mice. On the basis of the results, Zn(alx)(2), complex was proposed to be a potent candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Sakurai
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-oho, Misasagi, Japan. phu.acjp
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Yamane M, Adachi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Sakurai H. A New Anti-diabetic Zn(II)–Hinokitiol (β-Thujaplicin) Complex with Zn(O4) Coordination Mode. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Saha TK, Adachi Y, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H, Sakurai H. A New Type of Orally Active Insulin-mimetic Vanadyl-porphyrin Complex:meso-Tetrakis({4-sulfonatophenyl}porphyrinato)oxovanadium(IV). CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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38
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Nakai M, Sekiguchi F, Obata M, Ohtsuki C, Adachi Y, Sakurai H, Orvig C, Rehder D, Yano S. Synthesis and insulin-mimetic activities of metal complexes with 3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxylic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Adachi Y, Yoshida J, Kodera Y, Kato A, Yoshikawa Y, Kojima Y, Sakurai H. A new insulin-mimetic bis(allixinato)zinc(II) complex: structure?activity relationship of zinc(II) complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2004; 9:885-93. [PMID: 15378407 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-004-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During the investigation of the development of insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes with a blood glucose-lowering effect in experimental diabetic animals, we found a potent bis(maltolato)zinc(II) complex, Zn(ma)(2), exhibiting significant insulin-mimetic effects in a type 2 diabetic animal model. By using this Zn(ma)(2) as the leading compound, we examined the in vitro and in vivo structure-activity relationships of Zn(ma)(2) and its related complexes. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of these complexes was determined by the inhibition of free fatty acid release and the enhancement of glucose uptake in isolated rat adipocytes treated with epinephrine. A new Zn(II) complex with allixin isolated from garlic, Zn(alx)(2), exhibited the highest insulin-mimetic activity among the complexes analyzed. The insulin-mimetic activity of the Zn(II) complexes examined strongly correlated (correlation coefficient=0.96) with the partition coefficient (log P) of the ligand, indicating that the activity of Zn(ma)(2)-related complexes depends on the lipophilicity of the ligand. The blood glucose-lowering effects of Zn(alx)(2) and Zn(ma)(2) were then compared, and both complexes were found to normalize hyperglycemia in KK- A(y) mice after a 14-day course of daily intraperitoneal injections. However, Zn(alx)(2) improved glucose tolerance in KK- A(y) mice much more than did Zn(ma)(2), indicating that Zn(alx)(2) possesses greater in vivo anti-diabetic activity than Zn(ma)(2). In addition, Zn(alx)(2) improved leptin resistance and suppressed the progress of obesity in type 2 diabetic KK- A(y) mice. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that the Zn(alx)(2) complex is a novel potent candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Adachi
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, 607-8414 Kyoto, Japan
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