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Chen Y, Chen X, Yang X, Gao P, Yue C, Wang L, Wu T, Jiang T, Wu H, Tang L, Wang Z. Cassiae Semen: A comprehensive review of botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116199. [PMID: 36702448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cassiae Semen, belonging to the family Leguminosae, is derived from the dry mature seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L. and has long been used as a laxative, hepatoprotective, improve eyesight, and antidiabetic complications medicine or functional food in Asia. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the integrated research progress of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of Cassiae Semen. Additionally, the emerging challenges and possible developing directions are discussed as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information on Cassiae Semen was collected from published scientific materials, including ancient books of traditional Chinese Medicine; Ph.D. and M. Sc. dissertations; monographs on medicinal plants; pharmacopoeia of various countries and electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, J-STAGE, Springer link, Taylor, CNKI and Google Scholar, etc. RESULTS: First, the traditional uses and plant origins of Cassiae Semen are outlined. Secondly, approximately 137 compounds, including anthraquinones, naphthopyranones, naphthalenes, flavones, polysaccharides and other compounds, have been isolated and identified from Cassia obtusifolia L. and Cassia tora L. Third, the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of crude extract of Cassiae Semen and its main bioactive compounds are summarized. Moreover, the processing, toxicity, and quality control are introduced briefly. CONCLUSIONS Cassiae Semen is a frequently used Chinese Materia Medica with pharmacological effects that mainly affect the digestive system, cardiovascular systems and nervous system. This review summarized its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology, it also exhibited recent scientific research advances and gaps, which provide a deeper insight into the understanding and application of Cassiae Semen. In future research on Cassiae Semen, more attention should be given to the pharmacological activities of naphthopyranones and polysaccharides and the mechanism of action for improving eye diseases. Meanwhile, it is essential to focus on strengthening the study on the pharmacokinetics research and the safety evaluation of related health products research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peiyun Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chunyu Yue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tong Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liying Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zhuju Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
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A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant and Anti-Infectious Properties of Senna Plants. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6025900. [PMID: 35154569 PMCID: PMC8837466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6025900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals is gaining interest for the treatment of metabolic syndromes over the synthetic formulation of drugs. Senna is evolving as one of the important plants which have been vastly studied for its beneficial effects. Various parts of Senna species including the root, stem, leaves, and flower are found rich in numerous phytochemicals. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical experiments established that extracts from Senna plants have diverse beneficial effects by acting as a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. In this review, Senna genus is comprehensively discussed in terms of its botanical characteristics, traditional use, geographic presence, and phytochemical profile. The bioactive compound richness contributes to the biological activity of Senna plant extracts. The review emphasizes on the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant and anti-infectious properties of the Senna plant. Preclinical studies confirmed the beneficial effects of the Senna plant extracts and its bioactive components in regard to the health-promoting activities. The safety, side effects, and therapeutic limitations of the Senna plant are also discussed in this review. Additional research is necessary to utilize the phenolic compounds towards its use as an alternative to pharmacological treatments and even as an ingredient in functional foods.
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Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050681. [PMID: 34068527 PMCID: PMC8150882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.
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Neuroprotective Effect of Aurantio-Obtusin, a Putative Vasopressin V 1A Receptor Antagonist, on Transient Forebrain Ischemia Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073335. [PMID: 33805177 PMCID: PMC8037569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been a rich source of novel drug discovery, and Cassia seed is one of the common TCMs with numerous biological effects. Based on the existing reports on neuroprotection by Cassia seed extract, the present study aims to search possible pharmacological targets behind the neuroprotective effects of the Cassia seeds by evaluating the functional effect of specific Cassia compounds on various G-protein-coupled receptors. Among the four test compounds (cassiaside, rubrofusarin gentiobioside, aurantio-obtusin, and 2-hydroxyemodin 1-methylether), only aurantio-obtusin demonstrated a specific V1AR antagonist effect (71.80 ± 6.0% inhibition at 100 µM) and yielded an IC50 value of 67.70 ± 2.41 μM. A molecular docking study predicted an additional interaction of the hydroxyl group at C6 and a methoxy group at C7 of aurantio-obtusin with the Ser341 residue as functional for the observed antagonist effect. In the transient brain ischemia/reperfusion injury C57BL/6 mice model, aurantio-obtusin attenuated the latency time that was reduced in the bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) groups. Likewise, compared to neuronal damage in the BCCAO groups, treatment with aurantio-obtusin (10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the severity of damage in medial cornu ammonis 1 (mCA1), dorsal CA1, and cortex regions. Overall, the findings of this study highlight V1AR as a possible target of aurantio-obtusin for neuroprotection.
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Bioassay Guided Isolation and Docking Studies of a Potential β-Lactamase Inhibitor from Clutia myricoides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112566. [PMID: 32486455 PMCID: PMC7321312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the second major cause of death worldwide, and the ability to resist multiple classes of antibiotics is the key factor in enabling pathogenic organisms to survive and spread in the nosocomial environment. Unfortunately, the available β-lactamase inhibitors are not efficient against β-lactamase B, C, and D which necessitates discovering either broad spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors or new β-lactam antibiotics resistant to bacterial enzymes. In this regard, products of natural origin have prompted the disclosure of new compounds and medicinal leads. Chloroform fraction of Clutia myricoides (Soa’bor) showed a pronounced activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) strains. Bio-guided fractionation resulted in isolation of two new compounds; 2-methoxy chrysophanol (2) and Saudin-I (5) in addition to three known compounds that were identified as chrysophanol (1), stigmasterol (3) and β-sitosterol (4). Antibacterial and anti ESBL activities of the isolated compounds were performed. No antibacterial activities were detected for any of the tested compounds. Meanwhile, compound 2 showed promising anti ESBL activity. Compound 2 has shown an obvious activity against K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 with a marked enlargement of inhibition zones (>5mm) in combination with third generation cephalosporin antibiotics. To further understand the mechanism of action of compound 2, molecular docking was carried out against CTX-M-27 ESBL. The results showed binding site interactions strikingly different from its analogue, compound 1, allowing compound 2 to be active against ESBL. These results proposed the concomitant use of these active compounds with antibiotics that would increase their efficiency. Nevertheless, the interaction between this active compound and antibiotics should be taken into consideration. Therefore, in order to evaluate the safety of this active compound, further in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays must be carried out.
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Ko E, Um MY, Choi M, Han T, Kim IH, Shin S. Cassia tora Seed Improves Pancreatic Mitochondrial Function Leading to Recovery of Glucose Metabolism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:615-629. [PMID: 32329641 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism plays a crucial role in insulin resistance and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Some studies have focused on how Cassia tora extracts affect insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. However, the effects of Cassia tora extracts on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with insulin secretion have not been well explained. In this study, well-known effective compounds extracted from Cassia tora using 70% ethanol were administered to a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse to examine the effects of Cassia tora ethanolic extracts (CSEE) on mitochondrial dysfunction in the pancreas. Furthermore, we examined how CSEE regulates the basal mechanism of insulin secretion through mitochondrial functions. Our experimental data suggest that pancreatic mitochondrial metabolism in HFD mice is enhanced to compensate for constrained glucose consumption. HFD-fed mice treated with CSEE showed improved pancreatic mitochondrial functions resulting in alleviation of insulin resistance at target tissue as well as basal hyperinsulinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ko
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Graduate School, College of Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsung Choi
- Department of Optometry, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.,Convergence Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Han
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooim Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Graduate School, College of Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Mahran E, Keusgen M, Morlock GE. New planar assay for streamlined detection and quantification of β-glucuronidase inhibitors applied to botanical extracts. Anal Chim Acta X 2020; 4:100039. [PMID: 33117985 PMCID: PMC7587031 DOI: 10.1016/j.acax.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the β-glucuronidase released from gut bacteria is associated with specific health-related benefits. Though a number of β-glucuronidase inhibition assays are currently in use, none of them can directly measure the relevant activity of each single constituent in a complex mixture, without prior separation and tedious isolation of the pure compounds. Thus, the hyphenation of the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique with a β-glucuronidase inhibition assay was investigated and successfully demonstrated for the first time. A colorimetric as well as fluorometric detection of the inhibitors was achieved using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide as a substrate. Hence, β-glucuronidase inhibitors were detected as bright zones against an indigo blue or fluorescent background. The established method was optimized and validated employing the well-known inhibitor d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate. As proof of concept, the suitability of the new workflow was verified through analysis of two botanical extracts, Primula boveana and silymarin flavonolignans from Silybum marianum fruits. The found inhibitors were identified by spectroscopic methods; one of them, 3ʹ-O-(β-galactopyranosyl)-flavone, is here described as a newly isolated natural compound. The new hyphenation HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-β-glucuronidase inhibition assay-HRMS covers four orthogonal dimensions, i.e. separation, spectral detection, biochemical activity and structural characterization, in a highly targeted time- and material-saving workflow for analysis of complex or costly mixtures. Coupling of HPTLC to the β-glucuronidase inhibition assay is demonstrated. Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of the inhibition was given. A new β-glucuronidase inhibiting flavonoid in P. boveana was elucidated. HPTLC-HRMS analysis of other β-glucuronidase inhibitors is shown for silymarin. Analysis of rare plants (low extract amount) is possible with the new planar assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Mahran
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11371, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Isolation and in silico prediction of potential drug-like compounds from Anethum sowa L. root extracts targeted towards cancer therapy. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 78:242-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang SS, Cui H, Ye J, Wu Y, Wang SX, Yin WB. Identification and Determination of Rubrofusarin, Rubrofusarin Isomer, and Their Quinone Forms in Grains Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15924-15932. [PMID: 30556018 PMCID: PMC6288782 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Fusarium can produce secondary metabolites such as naphthopyrones and naphthoquinones that are toxic and expected to threaten the food and feed safety. In this study, the occurrence of rubrofusarin, rubrofusarin isomer, and their quinone forms in grains was identified and confirmed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole orbital ion trap mass spectrometry (Q-Orbitrap MS). The quantitation of these compounds in grain samples was also investigated using Q-Orbitrap MS. The results showed the concentrations of rubrofusarin ranged from 3.278 to 33.82 μg/kg, from 0.815 to 61.86 μg/kg, and from 7.362 to 47.24 μg/kg for the maize, rice, and wheat samples, respectively. By comparison, the abundances of their quinone forms were relatively lower, and the concentration of quinone form of rubrofusarin isomer was relatively higher than that of quinone form of rubrofusarin. These compounds were also confirmed to coexist with other known Fusarium mycotoxins. The data-dependent tandem mass spectra obtained from the Q-Orbitrap MS were validated to provide a wealth of valuable information that allowed for advanced data interpretation for solid confirmation of these compounds in grains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that concerns the occurrence and quantitation of rubrofusarin, rubrofusarin isomer, and their quinone forms in grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-shan Wang
- Academy
of State Administration of Grain, 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Cui
- Academy
of State Administration of Grain, 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Ye
- Academy
of State Administration of Grain, 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Academy
of State Administration of Grain, 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song-xue Wang
- Academy
of State Administration of Grain, 11 Baiwanzhuang Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: +86-10-58523708
| | - Wen-bing Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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Comprehensive Description of Fusarium graminearum Pigments and Related Compounds. Foods 2018; 7:foods7100165. [PMID: 30301164 PMCID: PMC6209861 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have explored in depth the biochemistry and genetics of the pigments present in Fusarium graminearum, but there is a need to discuss their relationship with the mold's observable surface color pattern variation throughout its lifecycle. Furthermore, they require basic cataloguing, including a description of their major features known so far. Colors are a viable alternative to size measurement in growth studies. When grown on yeast extract agar (YEA) at 25 °C, F. graminearum initially exhibits a whitish mycelium, developing into a yellow-orange mold by the sixth day and then turning into wine-red. The colors are likely due to accumulation of the golden yellow polyketide aurofusarin and the red rubrofusarin, but the carotenoid neurosporaxanthin also possibly plays a major role in the yellow or orange coloration. Torulene might contribute to red tones, but it perhaps ends up being converted into neurosporaxanthin. Culmorin is also present, but it does not contribute to the color, though it was initially isolated in pigment studies. Additionally, there is the 5-deoxybostrycoidin-based melanin, but it mostly occurs in the teleomorph's perithecium. There is still a need to chemically quantify the pigments throughout the lifecycle, and analyze their relationships and how much each impacts F. graminearum's surface color.
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Structure Related Inhibition of Enzyme Systems in Cholinesterases and BACE1 In Vitro by Naturally Occurring Naphthopyrone and Its Glycosides Isolated from Cassia obtusifolia. Molecules 2017; 23:molecules23010069. [PMID: 29283428 PMCID: PMC6017707 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassia obtusifolia Linn. have been used to improve vision, inflammatory diseases, and as hepatoprotective agents and to promote urination from ancient times. In the present study, we investigated the influence of glycosylation of components of C. obtusifolia and structure-activity relationships (SARs) with respect to the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which are related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). All six C. obtusifolia-derived compounds, rubrofusarin (1), rubrofusarin 6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), rubrofusarin 6-O-β-d-gentiobioside (3), nor-rubrofusarin 6-O-β-d-glucoside (4), isorubrofusarin 10-O-β-d-gentiobioside (5), and rubrofusarin 6-O-β-d-triglucoside (6) showed promising inhibitory activity against AChE/BACE1. Compounds 3 and 4 showed most significant inhibition against AChE and BACE1, respectively. The SARs results emphasized the importance of gentiobiosyl moiety in the rubrofusarin for AChE inhibition, whereas the presence of hydroxyl group at C-8 and the glucosyl moiety at the C-6 position in the nor-rubrofusarin appeared to largely determine BACE1 inhibition. Kinetics and docking studies showed the lowest binding energy and highest affinity for mixed-type inhibitors, 3 and 4. Hydrophobic bonds interactions and the number of hydrogen bonds determined the strength of the protein-inhibitor interaction. These results suggest that C. obtusifolia and its constituents have therapeutic potential, and that the SARs of its active components are further explored with a view towards developing a treatment for AD.
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Unuofin JO, Otunola GA, Afolayan AJ. Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Swar G, Shailajan S, Menon S. Activity based evaluation of a traditional Ayurvedic medicinal plant: Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde flowers as estrogenic agents using ovariectomized rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:324-333. [PMID: 27884717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, Ashok, is a popular traditional plant used for gynecological disorders. In India, the juice of Ashok flowers is traditionally consumed as a tonic by women in case of uterine disorders. But despite the use, its estrogenic potency is not yet evaluated and thus lacks the scientific recognition and acclaim. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is designed to investigate the estrogenic potential of standardized ethanolic extract of Saraca asoca flowers (SAF) using ovariectomized (OVX) female albino Wistar rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saraca asoca flowers were extracted in ethanol using hot maceration technique and the extract was standardized in terms of content of four phytoestrogens like quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol and luteolin using HPTLC technique. Safety of the extract was evaluated at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weight in female albino Wistar rats as per the OECD guidelines. Bilateral ovariectomy surgery was performed for the excision of both the ovaries. The OVX animals were treated with the ethanolic extract of SAF at three dose levels- 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight in distilled water as a vehicle, orally once a day for two weeks. Estradiol valerate was employed as a modern drug for comparative evaluation of the results. Estrogenic potency was studied by assaying the activities of serum and plasma marker enzymes and hormones viz. G6PDH, LDH, 17β-estradiol, progesterone along with cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL, and vaginal cornification. The uterotrophic effect was evaluated by studying the histoarchitecture of the uterus, effect on uterine weight and changes in the levels of uterine glycogen content. RESULTS HPTLC revealed the presence of markers like quercetin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol and luteolin from the ethanolic extract of SAF. The content of the four markers was found to be 1.543mg/g, 0.924mg/g, 4.481mg/g and 2.349mg/g, respectively. SAF extract was found to be safe at an oral dose of 2000mg/kg body weight in rats. Among the three doses administered to ovariectomized rats, treatment with high dose was found to be more efficacious when compared with ovariectomized rats. CONCLUSION The findings of this study firmly support the estrogenic potency of ethanolic extract of SAF which may be by the reason of phytoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Swar
- Herbal Research Lab, Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sunita Shailajan
- Herbal Research Lab, Ramnarain Ruia College, Matunga (East), Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Sasikumar Menon
- Institute for Advanced Training and Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences, Plot No. 194, Scheme No. 6, Road no. 15, Sion Koliwada (Sion East), Mumbai 400022, India
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Zhou ZQ, Fan HX, He RR, Xiao J, Tsoi B, Lan KH, Kurihara H, So KF, Yao XS, Gao H. Lycibarbarspermidines A-O, New Dicaffeoylspermidine Derivatives from Wolfberry, with Activities against Alzheimer's Disease and Oxidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2223-2237. [PMID: 26953624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, lycibarbarspermidines A-O (1-15), were isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (wolfberry). The structures were unambiguously determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, a rare kind of plant secondary metabolites, are primarily distributed in the family of Solanaceae. Only six compounds were structurally identified, and all of them are acyclic aglycones. Compounds 1-15 are the first glycosidic products of dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives, and compounds 14-15 are the first cyclization products of dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives. Moreover, dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives were first isolated and identified from wolfberry. The short-term memory assay on a transgenic fly Alzheimer's disease (AD) model showed that 1-15 exhibited different levels of anti-AD activity. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay revealed that 1-15 all displayed antioxidant capacity. Both anti-AD and antioxidant functions are related to the effects of wolfberry. Therefore, dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives are considered beneficial constituents responsible for the antiaging, neuroprotective, anti-AD, and antioxidant effects of wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Fan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kang-Hua Lan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, and §Guangdong Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, GMH Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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Kim M, Lim SJ, Lee HJ, Nho CW. Cassia tora Seed Extract and Its Active Compound Aurantio-obtusin Inhibit Allergic Responses in IgE-Mediated Mast Cells and Anaphylactic Models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9037-46. [PMID: 26434611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cassia tora seed is widely used due to its various biological properties including anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, there has been no report of the effects of C. tora seed extract (CTE) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic responses. In this research, we demonstrated the effects of CTE and its active compound aurantio-obtusin on IgE-sensitized allergic reactions in mast cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). CTE and aurantio-obtusin suppressed degranulation, histamine production, and reactive oxygen species generation and inhibited the production and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-4. CTE and aurantio-obtusin also suppressed the prostaglandin E2 production and expression of cyclooxygenase 2. Furthermore, CTE and aurantio-obtusin suppressed IgE-mediated FcεRI signaling such as phosphorylation of Syk, protein kinase Cμ, phospholipase Cγ, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. CTE and aurantio-obtusin blocked mast cell-dependent PCA in IgE-mediated mice. These results suggest that CTE and aurantio-obtusin are a beneficial treatment for allergy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon, Korea
| | - Sue Ji Lim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon, Korea
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16
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Kiyama R, Wada-Kiyama Y. Estrogenic endocrine disruptors: Molecular mechanisms of action. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 83:11-40. [PMID: 26073844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of estrogen action. First, estrogenic chemicals are categorized by structure as well as their applications, usage and effects. Second, estrogenic signaling is examined by the molecular mechanism based on the receptors, signaling pathways, crosstalk/bypassing and autocrine/paracrine/homeostatic networks involved in the signaling. Third, evaluation of estrogen action is discussed by focusing on the technologies and protocols of the assays for assessing estrogenicity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of estrogen action is important to assess the action of endocrine disruptors and will be used for risk management based on pathway-based toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoiti Kiyama
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Yuko Wada-Kiyama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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17
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Donner CD. Naphthopyranones--isolation, bioactivity, biosynthesis and synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:578-604. [PMID: 25531639 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one (naphthopyranone) moiety forms the structural framework of a group of secondary metabolites that have been isolated from a range of organisms including fungi, bacteria, lichen and plants. This review documents the known naturally occurring naphthopyranones - their isolation, biosynthesis and biological activity. A survey of methods reported for the synthesis of naphthopyranone natural products is presented.
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18
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Shi BJ, Zhang WD, Jiang HF, Zhu YY, Chen L, Zha XM, Lu YY, Zhang WM. A new anthraquinone from seed of Cassia obtusifolia. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:35-41. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1032280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-jun Shi
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Wei-dong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-fang Jiang
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Yu-yao Zhu
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-ming Zha
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-yuan Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-ming Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing 210042, P.R. China
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19
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Peterson IV, Svirskaya NM, Kondrasenko AA, Rubaylo AI. Spectral assignment of new adamantane derivatives of 1,3-; 1,5-dihydroxy- and 1,5-dimethylnaphthalenes. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:323-326. [PMID: 25594390 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Peterson
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Siberian branch of Russian Academy of Science, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok 50/24, 660036, Russian Federation
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21
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A new comprehensive procedure for the quality control of Semen Cassiae and its application in evaluating commercially available material in China. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:433-41. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Nishimura T, Horikawa M, Yamada K, Sogabe A, Nishii T, Kaku H, Inai M, Tanaka M, Takahashi S, Tsunoda T. Xanthouroleuconaphin: a yellowish pigment from the aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum and its total synthesis. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Lee YM, Kim JB, Bae JH, Lee JS, Kim PS, Jang HH, Kim HR. Estrogen-like activity of aqueous extract from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. in MCF-7 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:260. [PMID: 23259680 PMCID: PMC3575283 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women experience estrogen deficiency-related menopausal symptoms (e.g., hot flashes and mood swings) and a dramatic increase in the incidence of chronic diseases. Although estrogen-replacement therapy (ERT) can reduce mortality from cardiovascular disease and improve osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms, its side effects have limited recent use. This study investigated the estrogen-like activity of aqueous extract from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. METHODS The estrogenic activity of A. pilosa was investigated by using several in vitro assays. The binding activity of A. pilosa on estrogen receptors was examined using a fluorescence polarization-based competitive binding assay. The proliferative activity of A. pilosa was also examined using MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the effect of A. pilosa on the expression of 3 estrogen-dependent genes was assessed. RESULTS Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the 3 major peaks of A. pilosa aqueous extract were identified as apigenin-hexose, luteolin-glucuronide, and apigenin-glucuronide. The aqueous extract induced the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells (p < 0.05). A. pilosa-stimulated proliferation was blocked on adding the estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780. Moreover, A. pilosa treatment increased the mRNA expression of the estrogen-responsive genes pS2 and PR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest A. pilosa can be used to improve estrogen deficiency-related menopausal symptoms or to treat diseases in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Lee
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bong Kim
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Bae
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Soo Kim
- Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science and Technology Promotion, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hee Jang
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Kim
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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24
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Horng CT, Tsai ML, Chien ST, Kao WT, Tsai MK, Chang TH, Chen FA. The activity of lowering intraocular pressure of cassiae seed extract in a DBA/2J mouse glaucoma model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2012; 29:48-54. [PMID: 23039184 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2011.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the activity of lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by Cassiae seed in the DBA/2J mouse glaucoma model. METHODS Young male (mean age: 3 months) inherited glaucoma mice (BDA/2J) were enrolled in this study. To evaluate the potential of Cassiae seed in the treatment of glaucoma, all subjects were divided into 6 groups. There were 1 sham group, positive control identified as group 2 topical brimonidine and group 3 oral acetazolamide, and groups 4-6 Cassiae seed extract (CSE) groups. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in the anterior aqueous humor and the changes of IOP were investigated. Contents of total polyphenol glycosides in the CSE were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Cosmosil 5C(18)-MS reverse-phase HPLC column (4.6×250-mm i.d., 5 μm) with methanol/0.1% H(3)PO(4) as the mobile phases in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and an injection volume of 10 μL. The wavelength of UV detector was set at 254 nm. RESULTS The LDH level in the anterior aqueous humor and IOP significantly decreased after treatment with CSE. The IOP-lowering effect of CSE was comparable to those of oral acetazolamide and brimonidine instillation. There were no abnormal findings in the external appearance, and body weight change after treatment with CSE for 5 weeks. Chrysophanol and physcion were measured by an HPLC method to obtain total polyphenol glycosides of the CSE, and were involved in the IOP-lowering function. CONCLUSION Cassiae seed may be safe and beneficial for treating glaucoma due to its significant IOP- and LDH-lowering activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Force General Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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25
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El-Halawany AM, El Dine RS, Chung MH, Nishihara T, Hattori M. Screening for estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of plants growing in Egypt and Thailand. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 3:107-13. [PMID: 21772754 PMCID: PMC3129019 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.81958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing demand for the discovery of new phytoestrogens to be used as a safe and effective hormonal replacement therapy. Materials and Methods: The methanol extracts of 40 plants from the Egyptian and Thailand folk medicines were screened for their estrogen agonist and antagonist activities. The estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of the tested extracts were carried out using the yeast two-hybrid assay system expressing ERα and ERβ. In addition, all the extracts were subjected to a naringinase treatment and retested for their estrogenic activity. Results: The methanol extracts of Derris reticulata and Dracaena lourieri showed the most potent estrogenic activity on both estrogen-receptor subtypes, while, the methanol extracts of Butea monosperma, Erythrina fusca, and Dalbergia candenatensis revealed significant estrogenic activity on ERβ only. Nigella sativa, Sophora japonica, Artabotrys harmandii, and Clitorea hanceana showed estrogenic effect only after naringinase treatment. The most potent antiestrogenic effect was revealed by Aframomum melegueta, Dalbergia candenatensis, Dracena loureiri, and Mansonia gagei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Zhang C, Wang R, Liu B, Tu G. Structure elucidation of a sodium salified anthraquinone from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia by NMR technique assisted with acid-alkali titration. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:529-532. [PMID: 21761451 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new sodium salt of anthraquinone named sodium emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside, together with nine known compounds, viz. rubrofusarin-6-O-β-D-gentiobioside, chrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, obtusifolin-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, aurantio-obtusin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxy-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-glucosylnaphthalene, toralactone-9-O-β-D-gentiobioside, aurantio-obtusin, rubrofusarin-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and its structure was elucidated by (1)H and (13)C NMR technique assisted with acid-alkali titration. The change of chemical shifts of sodium emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside before and after acid-alkali titration was also characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Salah El Dine R, Abdel Monem AR, El-Halawany AM, Hattori M, Abdel-Sattar E. HCV-NS3/4A protease inhibitory iridoid glucosides and dimeric foliamenthoic acid derivatives from Anarrhinum orientale. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:943-948. [PMID: 21506603 DOI: 10.1021/np100554h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four new compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Anarrhinum orientale: 6'-O-cinnamoylmussaenosidic acid (1), 6'-O-cinnamoyl-8-O-(6'''-O-cinnamoylglucopyranosyl)mussaenosidic acid (2), (2E,6E)-8-{[(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy}-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid (3), and (2E,6E)-8-{[(2E,6E)-8-acetoxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoyl]oxy}-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid (4). The known 8-O-cinnamoylmussaenosidic acid (5) was also identified. All five compounds were tested for inhibition of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited moderate activity, while 2 and 3 showed weak effects. No inhibitory activity on the human serine protease was observed for any of these compounds, which may infer the selectivity toward the viral protease. A computational docking study of the isolated compounds against HCV protease was used to formulate a hypothetical mechanism for the inhibitory activity of the active compounds on the enzymes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Salah El Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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El-Halawany AM, Chung MH, Abdallah HM, Nishihara T, Hattori M. Estrogenic activity of a naringinase-treated extract of Sophora japonica cultivated in Egypt. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:177-181. [PMID: 20645836 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903062663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The naringinase-treated methanol extract of Sophora japonica L. (Fabaceae) seeds showed potent estrogen agonist activity. Through bioassay-guided isolation of the main active constituents from the naringinase-treated methanol extract of S. japonica, the aglycones genistein and kaempferol were found to be the main phytoestrogens in the naringinase-treated extract. In addition, kaempferol was nearly equipotent to genistein as an estrogen agonist. Concerning the compounds isolated from the untreated methanol extract, sophoricoside showed weak estrogenic activity on ERbeta only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M El-Halawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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