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Sahni S, Dufour AB, Wang N, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Jacques PF, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Murabito JM, Newman AB, Fielding RA, Mitchell GF, Hamburg NM. Association of Vascular Health Measures and Physical Function: A Prospective Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1189-1197. [PMID: 37183502 PMCID: PMC10329234 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction in blood vessel dynamics may contribute to changes in muscle measures. Therefore, we examined associations of vascular health measures with grip strength and gait speed in adults from the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS The cross-sectional study (1998-2001) included participants with 1 measure of grip strength (kg, dynamometer) or gait speed (4-m walk, m/s) and at least 1 measure of aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, brachial pulse pressure, and brachial flow pulsatility index) or brachial artery structure and function (resting flow velocity, resting brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation %, hyperemic brachial blood flow velocity, and mean arterial pressure [MAP]) assessed by tonometry and brachial artery ultrasound. The longitudinal study included participants with ≥1 follow-up measurement of gait speed or grip strength. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association of 1 standard deviation (SD) higher level of each vascular measure with annualized percent change in grip strength and gait speed, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses (n = 2 498, age 61 ± 10 years; 56% women), higher resting brachial artery diameter (β ± standard error [SE] per 1 SD: 0.59 ± 0.24, p = .01) and MAP (β ± SE: 0.39 ± 0.17, p = .02) were associated with higher grip strength. Higher brachial pulse pressure (β ± SE: -0.02 ± 0.01, p = .07) was marginally associated with slower gait speed. In longitudinal analyses (n = 2 157), higher brachial pulse pressure (β ± SE: -0.19 ± 0.07, p = .005), was associated with slowing of gait speed but not with grip strength. CONCLUSIONS Higher brachial artery pulse pressure (measure of aortic stiffness) was associated with loss of physical function over ~11 years, although we found no evidence that microvascular function contributed to the relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anne B Newman
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Busnatu ȘS, Andronic O, Pană MA, Stoian AP, Scafa-Udriște A, Păun N, Stanciu S. Oral Arginine Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Performing Regular Resistance Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020182. [PMID: 36673550 PMCID: PMC9891176 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training is well documented as having cardiovascular benefits, but paradoxically, it seems to increase arterial stiffness, favoring the development of high blood pressure. The present study investigates the potential effects of oral supplementation with arginine in healthy individuals performing exercise resistance training. We studied 70 non-smoking male subjects between the ages of 30 and 45 with normal or mildly increased blood pressure on ambulatory monitoring (for 24 h) and normal blood samples and echocardiography, who performed regular resistance exercise training for at least five years with a minimum of three workouts per week. They were divided into two groups in a random manner: 35 males were placed in the arginine group (AG) that followed a 6-month supplementation of their regular diets with 5 g of oral arginine powder taken before their exercise workout, and the control (non-arginine) group (NAG) consisted of 35 males. All subjects underwent body composition analysis, 24 h blood pressure monitoring and pulse wave analysis at enrollment and at six months. After six months of supplementation, blood pressure values did not change in the NAG, while in the AG, we found a decrease of 5.6 mmHg (p < 0.05) in mean systolic blood pressure and a decrease of 4.5 mmHg (p < 0.05) in diastolic values. There was also a 0.62% increase in muscle mass in the AG vs. the NAG (p < 0.05), while the body fat decreased by 1% (p < 0.05 in AG vs. NAG). Overall, the AG gained twice the amount of muscle mass and lost twice as much body fat as the NAG. No effects on the mean weighted average heart rate were recorded in the subjects. The results suggest that oral supplementation with arginine can improve blood pressure and body composition, potentially counteracting the stress induced by resistance exercise training. Supplementation with arginine can be a suitable adjuvant for these health benefits in individuals undertaking regular resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriște
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Păun
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Stanciu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Brunt VE, Greenberg NT, Sapinsley ZJ, Casso AG, Richey JJ, VanDongen NS, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Ziemba BP, Neilson AP, Davy KP, Seals DR. Suppression of trimethylamine N-oxide with DMB mitigates vascular dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and frailty associated with a Western-style diet in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:798-813. [PMID: 35952350 PMCID: PMC9512113 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00350.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a Western-style diet (WD; high fat, high sugar, low fiber) is associated with impaired vascular function and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which could be mediated partly by increased circulating concentrations of the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). We investigated if suppression of TMAO with 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB; inhibitor of microbial TMA lyase) in mice could prevent: 1) WD-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffening and 2) WD-induced reductions in endurance exercise tolerance and increases in frailty, as both are linked to WD, vascular dysfunction, and increased CVD risk. C57BL/6N mice were fed standard chow or WD (41% fat, ∼25% sugar, 4% fiber) for 5 mo beginning at ∼2 mo of age. Within each diet, mice randomly received (n = 11-13/group) normal drinking water (control) or 1% DMB in drinking water for the last 8 wk (from 5 to 7 mo of age). Plasma TMAO was increased in WD-fed mice but suppressed by DMB. WD induced endothelial dysfunction, assessed as carotid artery endothelium-dependent dilation to acetylcholine, and progressive increases in aortic stiffness (measured serially in vivo as pulse wave velocity), both of which were fully prevented by supplementation with DMB. Endurance exercise tolerance, assessed as time to fatigue on a rotarod test, was impaired in WD-fed mice but partially recovered by DMB. Lastly, WD-induced increases in frailty (31-point index) were prevented by DMB. Our findings indicate DMB or other TMAO-lowering therapies may be promising for mitigating the adverse effects of WD on physiological function, and thereby reducing risk of chronic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide novel evidence that increased circulating concentrations of the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) contribute to vascular dysfunction associated with consumption of a Western-style diet and that this dysfunction can be prevented by suppressing TMAO with DMB, thereby supporting translation of this compound to humans. Furthermore, to our knowledge, we present the first evidence of the role of TMAO in mediating impairments in endurance exercise tolerance and increased frailty in any context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Zachary J Sapinsley
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Abigail G Casso
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - James J Richey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | | | - Brian P Ziemba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kevin P Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Lopes KG, Farinatti P, Bottino DA, de Souza MDGC, Maranhão PA, Bouskela E, Lourenço RA, de Oliveira RB. Sarcopenia in the elderly versus microcirculation, inflammation status, and oxidative stress: A cross-sectional study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 80:185-195. [PMID: 34511490 DOI: 10.3233/ch-211202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related mechanisms of sarcopenia associated with vascular function have been recently suggested. This study compared and tested associations between muscle mass and strength, microcirculation, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress in older adults classified as sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic. METHODS Thirty-three physically inactive individuals (72±7 yrs) were assigned to age-matched sarcopenic (SG) and non-sarcopenic (NSG) groups. Between-group comparisons were performed for appendicular skeletal mass (ASM), handgrip and isokinetic strength, microvascular function and morphology, C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelin-1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. RESULTS ASM and knee isokinetic strength were lower in SG than NSG (P < 0.05). No difference between groups was found for outcomes of microvascular function and morphology, but log-transformed IL-6 concentration was twice greater in SG vs. NSG (P = 0.02). Correlations between ASM index, handgrip and knee isokinetic strength vs. markers of microcirculatory function, capillary diameters, vascular reactivity, and endothelial injury were found only in SG. CONCLUSION Decreased ASM index and strength have been associated with microcirculatory profile, indicating that microcirculation impairment may be involved somehow in Sarcopenia development. The inflammation status, particularly elevated IL-6, seems to play an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karynne Grutter Lopes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alexandre Bottino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Alves Lourenço
- Research Laboratory on Human Aging, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101513. [PMID: 32234291 PMCID: PMC7284931 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty, a consequence of the interaction of the aging process and certain chronic diseases, compromises functional outcomes in the elderly and substantially increases their risk for developing disabilities and other adverse outcomes. Frailty follows from the combination of several impaired physiological mechanisms affecting multiple organs and systems. And, though frailty and sarcopenia are related, they are two different conditions. Thus, strategies to preserve or improve functional status should consider systemic function in addition to muscle conditioning. Physical activity/exercise is considered one of the main strategies to counteract frailty-related physical impairment in the elderly. Exercise reduces age-related oxidative damage and chronic inflammation, increases autophagy, and improves mitochondrial function, myokine profile, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway, and insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions target resistance (strength and power), aerobic, balance, and flexibility work. Each type improves different aspects of physical functioning, though they could be combined according to need and prescribed as a multicomponent intervention. Therefore, exercise intervention programs should be prescribed based on an individual's physical functioning and adapted to the ensuing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
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6
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Santini L, Almeida Correia M, Oliveira PL, Puech-Leao P, Wolosker N, Cucato GG, Ritti-Dias RM. Functional and Cardiovascular Parameters in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients with Interarm Blood Pressure Difference. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 70:355-361. [PMID: 32634564 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the impact of interarm blood pressure difference (IAD) on functional and cardiovascular parameters in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS Ninety-eight patients with PAD were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Patients with differences between the right and left arms of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥10 mm Hg were classified as IAD, whereas the remaining patients were classified as PAD control subjects. Functional parameters included were the 6-min walk test, short physical performance battery, walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ), and the walking estimated-limitation calculated by history. Systemic cardiovascular parameters included were arterial stiffness and heart rate variability. Local cardiovascular parameters assessed in both arms were brachial blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation. RESULTS Patients with IAD presented higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure compared with control patients (P < 0.01). The carotid femoral pulse wave velocity tended to be higher and flow-mediated dilation tended to be lower in PAD patients with IAD compared with control subjects (P < 0.09). Patients with IAD presented lower scores in short physical performance battery (P = 0.012), WIQ distance (P = 0.003), WIQ speed (P = 0.008), WIQ stair climbing (P = 0.034), and walking estimated-limitation calculated by history (P = 0.026) when compared with PAD control patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with PAD, IAD is associated with lower physical function and impairments in cardiovascular parameters compared with PAD patients without IAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Santini
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo L Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidde Nove de Julho, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Puech-Leao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Wolosker
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Cucato
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raphael M Ritti-Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidde Nove de Julho, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Santos-Parker JR, Lubieniecki KL, Rossman MJ, Van Ark HJ, Bassett CJ, Strahler TR, Chonchol MB, Justice JN, Seals DR. Curcumin supplementation and motor-cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2018; 4:323-333. [PMID: 29951592 PMCID: PMC6004902 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest curcumin is a promising nutraceutical for improving important clinical and physiological markers of healthy aging, including motor and cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To determine if curcumin supplementation improves motor and cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. METHODS 39 healthy men and postmenopausal women (45-74 yrs) were randomized to 12 weeks of placebo (n = 19) or curcumin supplementation (2000 mg/day Longvida®; n = 20) with motor and cognitive function assessed at week 0 and 12. RESULTS Using measures of the NIH Toolbox and other standardized tests, there were no changes in muscle strength and rate of torque development, dexterity, fatigability, mobility, endurance, and balance between the placebo and curcumin groups after 12 weeks (all P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no changes after 12 weeks of placebo and curcumin supplementation in measures of fluid cognitive ability, a cognitive domain that declines with age, including processing speed, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory (all P > 0.3). There were marginal changes in language, a measure of crystallized cognitive ability that is stable with age, following the intervention, wherein reading decoding increased 3% in the curcumin group (post: 2428±35 vs. pre: 2357±34, P = 0.003), but was unchanged in the placebo group (post: 2334±39 vs. pre: 2364±40, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Overall, 12 weeks of curcumin supplementation does not improve motor and cognitive functions in healthy middle-aged and older adults. It is possible that curcumin may enhance these functions in groups with greater baseline impairments than those studied here, including adults greater than 75 years of age and/or patients with clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J. Rossman
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hannah J. Van Ark
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Candace J. Bassett
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Talia R. Strahler
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michel B. Chonchol
- Medicine (Renal Diseases and Hypertension), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie N. Justice
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R. Seals
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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Alomari MA, Khalil H, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Dersieh EH. Altered cardiovascular function is related to reduced BDNF in Parkinson's disease. Exp Aging Res 2018; 44:232-245. [PMID: 29558315 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2018.1449589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to cardiovascular health and function, however, the exact role is yet to be understood. The current study examined the relationship of circulatory BDNF with vascular function in Parkinson's disease (PD). ELISA was used to determine plasma BDNF in PD patients and healthy control (CT). Additionally, forearm resting blood flow (RBf), vascular resistance (RVr), venous capacitance (RVc), and venous outflow (RVo) as well as post occlusion blood flow (OcBf), vascular resistance (OcVr), venous capacitance (OcVc), and venous outflow (OcVo) were obtained using strain-gauge plethysmography. Simple linear regression showed that being PD patient can predict (p < 0.05) 12.9% of BDNF, 16.8% of RVc, 15.0% of OcVc, and 13.6% of OcVo. Subsequent stepwise regression included BDNF, RVc, OcVc, and OcVo, showed that being PD patient predicted (p < 0.05) 58.0% of BDNF, 47.7% of OcVo, and 15.1% of OcVc. Another simple linear regression demonstrated that BDNF predicted (p < 0.05) 18.5% of OcBf, 22.0% of OcVr, and 24.1% of OcVc in PD. In a subsequent stepwise linear regression, BDNF explained 26% ofOcVr (p = 0.008) and 42% of OcVc (p = 0.002) in PD. The study showed that BDNF is reduced and related to altered vascular function in PD. The results suggest that BDNF might contribute to preserving and maybe improving vascular function in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- a Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Hanan Khalil
- b Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- c Department Medical Laboratory Science , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
| | - Esraa H Dersieh
- e Department of Biological Sciences , Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan
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Bailey TG, Perissiou M, Windsor M, Russell F, Golledge J, Green DJ, Askew CD. Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates the acute flow-mediated dilation response following high-intensity but not moderate-intensity exercise in elderly men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1238-1248. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00935.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired endothelial function is observed with aging and in those with low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak). Improvements in endothelial function with exercise training are somewhat dependent on the intensity of exercise. While the acute stimulus for this improvement is not completely understood, it may, in part, be due to the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response to acute exercise. We examined the hypothesis that exercise intensity alters the brachial (systemic) FMD response in elderly men and is modulated by V̇o2peak. Forty-seven elderly men were stratified into lower (V̇o2peak = 24.3 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 27) and higher fit groups (V̇o2peak = 35.4 ± 5.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 20) after a test of cycling peak power output (PPO). In randomized order, participants undertook moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE; 40% PPO) or high-intensity interval cycling exercise (HIIE; 70% PPO) or no-exercise control. Brachial FMD was assessed at rest and 10 and 60 min after exercise. FMD increased after MICE in both groups {increase of 0.86% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–1.56], P = 0.01} and normalized after 60 min. In the lower fit group, FMD was reduced after HIIE [reduction of 0.85% (95% CI, 0.12–1.58), P = 0.02] and remained decreased at 60 min. In the higher fit group, FMD was unchanged immediately after HIIE and increased after 60 min [increase of 1.52% (95% CI, 0.41–2.62), P < 0.01, which was correlated with V̇o2peak, r = 0.41; P < 0.01]. In the no-exercise control, FMD was reduced in both groups after 60 min ( P = 0.05). Exercise intensity alters the acute FMD response in elderly men and V̇o2peak modulates the FMD response following HIIE but not MICE. The sustained decrease in FMD in the lower fit group following HIIE may represent a signal for vascular adaptation or endothelial fatigue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that moderate-intensity continuous cycling exercise increased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) transiently before normalization of FMD after 1 h, irrespective of cardiorespiratory fitness level in elderly men. Interestingly, we show increased FMD after high-intensity cycling exercise in higher fit men, with a sustained reduction in FMD in lower fit men. The prolonged reduction in FMD after high-intensity cycling exercise may be associated with future vascular adaptation but may also reflect a period of increased cardiovascular risk in lower fit elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G. Bailey
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Perissiou
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Windsor
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fraser Russell
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University and the Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Green
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; and
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- VasoActive Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Seals DR, Kaplon RE, Gioscia-Ryan RA, LaRocca TJ. You're only as old as your arteries: translational strategies for preserving vascular endothelial function with aging. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 29:250-64. [PMID: 24985329 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00059.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction develops with age and increases the risk of age-associated vascular disorders. Nitric oxide insufficiency, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation, induced by upregulation of adverse cellular signaling processes and imbalances in stress resistance pathways, mediate endothelial dysfunction with aging. Healthy lifestyle behaviors preserve endothelial function with aging by inhibiting these mechanisms, and novel nutraceutical compounds that favorably modulate these pathways hold promise as a complementary approach for preserving endothelial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachelle E Kaplon
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Santos-Parker JR, LaRocca TJ, Seals DR. Aerobic exercise and other healthy lifestyle factors that influence vascular aging. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:296-307. [PMID: 25434012 PMCID: PMC4315444 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age. Moreover, aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability. Aerobic exercise may also promote "resistance" against factors that reduce vascular function and increase CVD risk with age. Preventing excessive increases in abdominal adiposity, following healthy dietary practices, maintaining a low CVD risk factor profile, and, possibly, selective use of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals also play a major role in preserving vascular function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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13
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Justice JN, Gioscia-Ryan RA, Johnson LC, Battson ML, de Picciotto NE, Beck HJ, Jiang H, Sindler AL, Bryan NS, Enoka RM, Seals DR. Sodium nitrite supplementation improves motor function and skeletal muscle inflammatory profile in old male mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 118:163-9. [PMID: 25377884 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00608.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with motor declines that lead to functional limitations and disability, necessitating the development of therapies to slow or reverse these events. We tested the hypothesis that sodium nitrite supplementation attenuates declines in motor function in older C57BL/6 mice. Motor function was assessed using a battery of tests (grip strength, open-field distance, rota-rod endurance) in old animals (age 20-24 mo) at baseline and after 8 wk of sodium nitrite (old nitrite, n = 22, 50 mg/liter) or no treatment (old control, n = 40), and in young reference animals (3 mo, n = 87). Eight weeks of sodium nitrite supplementation improved grip strength (old nitrite, +12.0 ± 14.9% vs. old control, +1.5 ± 15.2%, P < 0.05) and open field distance (old nitrite, +9.5 ± 7.7%, P < 0.01 vs. old control, -28.1 ± 2.0%) and completely restored rota-rod endurance-run time (old nitrite, +3.2 ± 7.1%, P < 0.01 vs. old control, -21.5 ± 7.2%; old nitrite after treatment P > 0.05 vs. young reference). Inflammatory cytokines were markedly increased in quadriceps of old compared with young reference animals (by ELISA, interleukin-1β [IL-1β] 3.86 ± 2.34 vs. 1.11 ± 0.74, P < 0.05; interferon-gamma [INF-γ] 8.31 ± 1.59 vs. 3.99 ± 2.59, P < 0.01; tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] 1.69 ± 0.44 vs. 0.76 ± 0.30 pg/ml, P < 0.01), but were reduced to young reference levels after treatment (old nitrite, IL-1β 0.67 ± 0.95; INF-γ 5.22 ± 2.01, TNF-α 1.21 ± 0.39 pg/ml, P < 0.05 vs. old control, P > 0.05 vs. young reference). Cytokine expression and treatment (old nitrite vs. old control) predicted strength (R(2) = 0.822, P < 0.001, IL-1β, INF-γ, group), open field distance (R(2) = 0.574, P < 0.01, IL-1β, group) and endurance run time (R(2) = 0.477, P < 0.05, INF-γ). Our results suggest that sodium nitrite improves motor function in old mice, in part by reducing low-grade inflammation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Rachel A Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Lawrence C Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Micah L Battson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Natalie E de Picciotto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Hannah J Beck
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Hong Jiang
- Texas Therapeutic Institute, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Nathan S Bryan
- Texas Therapeutic Institute, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; and
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Heffernan KS, Chalé A, Hau C, Cloutier GJ, Phillips EM, Warner P, Nickerson H, Reid KF, Kuvin JT, Fielding RA. Systemic vascular function is associated with muscular power in older adults. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:386387. [PMID: 22966457 PMCID: PMC3433136 DOI: 10.1155/2012/386387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated loss of muscular strength and muscular power is a critical determinant of loss of physical function and progression to disability in older adults. In this study, we examined the association of systemic vascular function and measures of muscle strength and power in older adults. Measures of vascular endothelial function included brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the pulse wave amplitude reactive hyperemia index (PWA-RHI). Augmentation index (AIx) was taken as a measure of systemic vascular function related to arterial stiffness and wave reflection. Measures of muscular strength included one repetition maximum (1RM) for a bilateral leg press. Peak muscular power was measured during 5 repetitions performed as fast as possible for bilateral leg press at 40% 1RM. Muscular power was associated with brachial FMD (r = 0.43, P < 0.05), PWA-RHI (r = 0.42, P < 0.05), and AIx (r = -0.54, P < 0.05). Muscular strength was not associated with any measure of vascular function. In conclusion, systemic vascular function is associated with lower-limb muscular power but not muscular strength in older adults. Whether loss of muscular power with aging contributes to systemic vascular deconditioning or vascular dysfunction contributes to decrements in muscular power remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Heffernan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Angela Chalé
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Cynthia Hau
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gregory J. Cloutier
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Edward M. Phillips
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Patrick Warner
- The Vascular Function Study Group, Division of Cardiology and the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Heather Nickerson
- The Vascular Function Study Group, Division of Cardiology and the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kieran F. Reid
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Kuvin
- The Vascular Function Study Group, Division of Cardiology and the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Roger A. Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Robinson SM, Simmonds SJ, Jameson KA, Syddall HE, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Sayer AA. Muscle Strength in Older Community-Dwelling Men Is Related to Type of Milk Feeding in Infancy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:990-6. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Heffernan KS, Karas RH, Patvardhan EA, Kuvin JT. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is associated with exercise capacity in smokers and non-smokers. Vasc Med 2011; 15:119-25. [PMID: 20233906 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x09358750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an established cardiovascular risk factor that impairs endothelial function and reduces exercise capacity. Peripheral vascular endothelial function correlates with exercise capacity, but whether this association prevails in smokers is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association between endothelial function and exercise capacity in chronic smokers and non-smoking controls. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD, endothelium-dependent) following 5 minutes of upper arm occlusion was compared in 26 smokers (age 58 +/- 2 years; 15 female; BMI (body mass index) = 28 +/- 1) and 39 non-smokers (age 58 +/- 2 years; 24 female; BMI = 28 +/- 1) using ultrasound. Exercise treadmill time (ETT) was recorded from a standard Bruce protocol during symptom limited stress testing. There was found to be a significant positive association between FMD and ETT in smokers (r = 0.60, p < 0.05) and non-smokers (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). FMD was significantly lower in smokers versus non-smokers (8.9 +/- 0.9 vs 12.6 +/- 0.7%, p < 0.05). ETT was significantly lower in smokers (425 +/- 35 seconds) versus non-smokers (522 +/- 25 seconds, p < 0.05). After adjusting for FMD, there were no longer group differences in ETT. When patients were matched according to FMD, there were no differences in ETT between smokers and non-smokers. In conclusion, peripheral endothelial dysfunction is a correlate of low exercise capacity in smokers and non-smokers alike. Future research is needed to examine if improving endothelial function will lead to concomitant increases in exercise capacity in chronic smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Heffernan
- Vascular Function Study Group, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Credeur DP, Hollis BC, Welsch MA. Effects of handgrip training with venous restriction on brachial artery vasodilation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:1296-302. [PMID: 20019641 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181ca7b06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have shown that resistance training with restricted venous blood flow (Kaatsu) results in significant strength gains and muscle hypertrophy. However, few studies have examined the concurrent vascular responses following restrictive venous blood flow training protocols. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 wk of handgrip exercise training, with and without venous restriction, on handgrip strength and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD). METHODS Twelve participants (mean +/- SD: age = 22 +/- 1 yr, men = 5, women = 7) completed 4 wk of bilateral handgrip exercise training (duration = 20 min, intensity = 60% of the maximum voluntary contraction, cadence = 15 grips per minute, frequency = three sessions per week). During each session, venous blood flow was restricted in one arm (experimental (EXP) arm) using a pneumatic cuff placed 4 cm proximal to the antecubital fossa and inflated to 80 mm Hg for the duration of each exercise session. The EXP and the control (CON) arms were randomly selected. Handgrip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Brachial diameters and blood velocity profiles were assessed, using Doppler ultrasonography, before and after 5 min of forearm occlusion (200 mm Hg) before and at the end of the 4-wk exercise. RESULTS After exercise training, handgrip strength increased 8.32% (P = 0.05) in the CON arm and 16.17% (P = 0.05) in the EXP arm. BAFMD increased 24.19% (P = 0.0001) in the CON arm and decreased 30.36% (P = 0.0001) in the EXP arm. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate handgrip training combined with venous restriction results in superior strength gains but reduced BAFMD compared with the nonrestricted arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Credeur
- Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Dobrosielski DA, Greenway FL, Welsh DA, Jazwinski SM, Welsch MA. Modification of vascular function after handgrip exercise training in 73- to 90-yr-old men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 41:1429-35. [PMID: 19516158 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318199bef4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the influence of a unilateral exercise training protocol on brachial artery reactivity (BAR) in 12 men (aged 81 +/- 5 yr). METHODS Brachial artery diameters and blood flow parameters were assessed, in both arms, using high-resolution ultrasonography, before and after 5 min of forearm occlusion, before and at the end of each week of a 4-wk training program. Training consisted of a unilateral handgrip training protocol (nondominant arm) at 60% of maximal voluntary handgrip strength, performed for 4 wk, 4 d x wk(-1), 20 min per session, and a cadence of one contraction per 4 s. RESULTS After training, handgrip strength increased 6.2% (baseline = 32.4 +/- 7.0 kg vs week 4 = 34.4 +/- 6.7 kg) in the trained arm only but failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.10). No statistical changes were observed for blood pressure or resting HR. In contrast, BAR increased 45% (Pre = 2.9% vs Post = 4.1%, P = 0.05) in the trained arm only. Improvements in BAR were observed after the second week of training, without significant changes in the main vasodilatory trigger, defined as the relevant shear stimulus after forearm occlusion (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that a localized short-term exercise program results in significant improvements in vascular function in the trained arm of elderly men compared with the control arm. Furthermore, the findings indicate a statistically significant increase in BAR at the end of the second week of training, despite a similar trigger for dilation versus before training.
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Heffernan KS, Fahs CA, Ranadive SM, Patvardhan EA. L-arginine as a nutritional prophylaxis against vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:17-23. [PMID: 20053922 DOI: 10.1177/1074248409354599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With advancing age, peripheral conduit and resistance arteries lose the ability to effectively dilate owing to endothelial dysfunction. This vascular senescence contributes to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with aging. L-arginine plays a role in numerous physiological processes including nitrogen detoxification, immunocompetence, growth hormone (GH) secretion, and insulin secretion. Recently, a considerable amount of attention has been placed on the ability of this amino acid to affect vascular endothelial function. The purpose of this review will be to examine the use of L-arginine as a novel nutritional strategy to potentially stave progression of vascular dysfunction with aging and CVD. Emphasis will be placed on the ability of L-arginine to modulate the vascular inflammatory and systemic hormonal milieu, which in turn may have a positive effect on vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Heffernan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Dobrosielski DA, Presley T, Perlegas A, Marsh AP, Kim-Shapiro D, Rejeski WJ. Plasma nitrite response in older women to a physical function test. Aging Clin Exp Res 2009; 22:383-6. [PMID: 20009500 DOI: 10.3275/6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) may play a critical role in facilitating the delivery of blood to active skeletal muscle, ultimately impacting functional health in older adults. Plasma nitrite is a useful marker of vascular NO bioavailability. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the effect of a widely used physical function test on plasma nitrite concentrations in older adults. METHODS Venous blood was drawn before, immediately following, and 10 minutes following the completion of a 400-m walk test. Blood samples were added to heparin and frozen for subsequent analysis of nitrite levels using chemiluminescence. RESULTS Twenty six (79±4 yrs) women participated in this study. Plasma nitrite levels decreased approximately 22% from baseline following a 400-m walk. Percent change in plasma nitrite was related to walking speed (r=-0.550, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest an alteration in plasma nitrite concentration following a functional test which may impact functional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon A Dobrosielski
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Brachial artery retrograde flow increases with age: relationship to physical function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107:219-25. [PMID: 19565260 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the flow velocity pattern of the brachial artery and to determine its relationship to measures of physical function. Subjects from the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study (n = 95; age = 84 +/- 10 years) were evaluated. Brachial artery flow velocities and dimensions were measured using high-resolution ultrasonography. The continuous scale of physical function and performance test (CS-PFP10) was used to assess physical function. This test is based on the performance of 11 activities of daily living. Total CS-PFP10 score was 39.51 +/- 21.21 U. Mean antegrade and retrograde velocities at rest were 14.2 +/- 4.7 and 3.6 +/- 2.2 cm/s, respectively. Ante-/retrograde ratio was 5.5 +/- 4.6. Brachial artery diameter was 4.3 +/- 0.7 mm. Pulse pressure and vascular conductance were 66 +/- 18 mmHg, and 0.9 +/- 0.5 ml/min/mmHg, respectively. Vascular conductance (r = -0.34), ante-/retrograde ratio (r = -0.42) and CS-PFP10 (r = -0.65) were inversely and retrograde velocity (r = 0.40) and pulse pressure (r = 0.36), were directly associated with age. Retrograde velocity was inversely related to vascular conductance (r = -0.27) and CS-PFP10 total score (r = -0.45). A MANOVA revealed that those with the higher CS-PFP10 scores had a lower retrograde velocity (P = 0.0001), but this association was, in part, age-dependent. Among nonagenarians (n = 52), those in the lower tertiles of the CS-PFP10 scores had significantly higher retrograde velocities compared to those in the higher tertiles (P = 0.035). These data indicate an increase in brachial retrograde velocity with age. These hemodynamic changes are related to a decline in physical function.
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