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Hauquiert B, Drion E, Deflandre E. [The role of biomarkers in the detection of the OSA syndrome. A narrative review of the literature]. Rev Mal Respir 2021; 38:455-465. [PMID: 33958251 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breath disorder associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, coronary artery disease and stroke. Unfortunately, OSA is underdiagnosed. BACKGROUND Because of its clinical and therapeutic variability, OSA could benefit a personalized medicine approach. Diagnosis with polysomnography is expensive and access is limited. Clinical scoring systems allow screening of OSA, but many limitations exist. Because of this, biomarkers could be useful for the detection of OSA. OUTLOOK Biomarkers specific to OSA would allow for better mass screening and more personalized treatment of the disease. This narrative review of the literature aims to summarize the biomarkers already described for the diagnosis of OSA and clarify both their advantages and limitations in daily practice. CONCLUSIONS Our review of the literature did not actually identify an ideal biomarker even if promising research is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hauquiert
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - E Drion
- Département de neurologie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
| | - E Deflandre
- Chef de service et maître de stages, Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, Clinique Saint-Luc-de-Bouge, Namur, Belgique.
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Gaubert M, Marlinge M, Alessandrini M, Laine M, Bonello L, Fromonot J, Cautela J, Thuny F, Barraud J, Mottola G, Rossi P, Fenouillet E, Ruf J, Guieu R, Paganelli F. Uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and severity of coronary atherosclerosis during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2018. [PMID: 29626320 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-96q4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of serum uric acid in coronary artery disease has been extensively investigated. It was suggested that serum uric acid level (SUA) is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction and related to coronary artery lesions. However, the relationship between SUA and severity of coronary atherosclerosis evaluated via endothelial dysfunction using peripheral arterial tone (PAT) and the reactive hyperhemia index (RHI) has not been investigated during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of our study was to address this point. We prospectively enrolled 80 patients with a first episode of ACS in a single-center observational study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, evaluation of endothelial function via the RHI, and SUA measurement. The severity of the coronary artery lesion was assessed angiographically, and patients were classified in three groups based on the extent of disease and Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Endothelial function was considered abnormal if RHI < 1.67. We identified a linear correlation between SUA and RHI (R2 = 0.66 P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, SUA remained associated with RHI, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and renal function. SUA was associated with severity of coronary artery disease. SUA is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This inexpensive, readily measured biological parameter may be useful to monitor ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Alessandrini
- EA 3279 Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Laine
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Fromonot
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Thuny
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Giovanna Mottola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
- Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, F-13015, Marseille, France.
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Gaubert M, Marlinge M, Alessandrini M, Laine M, Bonello L, Fromonot J, Cautela J, Thuny F, Barraud J, Mottola G, Rossi P, Fenouillet E, Ruf J, Guieu R, Paganelli F. Uric acid levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and severity of coronary atherosclerosis during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:191-199. [PMID: 29626320 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of serum uric acid in coronary artery disease has been extensively investigated. It was suggested that serum uric acid level (SUA) is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction and related to coronary artery lesions. However, the relationship between SUA and severity of coronary atherosclerosis evaluated via endothelial dysfunction using peripheral arterial tone (PAT) and the reactive hyperhemia index (RHI) has not been investigated during a first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of our study was to address this point. We prospectively enrolled 80 patients with a first episode of ACS in a single-center observational study. All patients underwent coronary angiography, evaluation of endothelial function via the RHI, and SUA measurement. The severity of the coronary artery lesion was assessed angiographically, and patients were classified in three groups based on the extent of disease and Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Endothelial function was considered abnormal if RHI < 1.67. We identified a linear correlation between SUA and RHI (R2 = 0.66 P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, SUA remained associated with RHI, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and renal function. SUA was associated with severity of coronary artery disease. SUA is associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This inexpensive, readily measured biological parameter may be useful to monitor ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Alessandrini
- EA 3279 Public Health, Chronic Disease and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Laine
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Julien Fromonot
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Thuny
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Giovanna Mottola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France.,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rossi
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hopital Timone, Marseille, France. .,UMR MD2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. .,Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard P. Dramard, F-13015, Marseille, France.
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Colic M, Pantovic S, Jeremic M, Jokovic V, Obradovic Z, Rosic M. Transport of Low-Density Lipoprotein Into the Blood Vessel Wall During Atherogenic Diet in the Isolated Rabbit Carotid Artery. Circ J 2015; 79:1846-52. [PMID: 25993902 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic fibroproliferative disease that includes accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipids in the arterial wall. Though numerous studies have investigated atherosclerosis, not enough is known about the exact mechanisms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport into the blood vessel wall. Therefore, we explored the (125)I-LDL transport into the arterial wall under constant perfusion flow and pressure as well as the influence of duration of atherogenic diet on (125)I-LDL transport and biomechanical properties of carotid artery. METHODS AND RESULTS The isolated segment of rabbit carotid artery was used under constant perfusion flow and pressure-induced (0 mmHg and 140 mmHg) blood vessel distension, with the possibility to change and precisely calculate shear stress during the experiment. Obtained results indicate the influence of atherogenic diet duration and consequent variation of shear stress on (125)I-LDL transport into the blood vessel wall. (125)I-LDL transport into the blood vessel wall at low pressure-induced blood vessel distension decreases by the increase of the shear stress and in relation to the atherogenic diet duration. At high pressure-induced blood vessel distension, (125)I-LDL transport increases in relation to the atherogenic diet duration and the increase of shear stress. CONCLUSIONS The influence of shear stress is a more dominant parameter on LDL uptake at low pressure-induced blood vessel distension; however, the atherogenic diet duration has more of a dominant influence on LDL uptake at high pressure-induced vessel distension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Colic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac
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5
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Yap YS, Chuang HY, Chien CM, Tai YK. Relationship between peripheral artery disease and combined albuminuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2014; 11:41-7. [PMID: 24227538 DOI: 10.1177/1479164113510924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the combined effects of albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on peripheral artery disease (PAD) among elderly patients with diabetes. A total of 236 subjects were cross-classified into four groups according to the presence or absence of albuminuria (urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g) and low eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m²). Cardiovascular risk factors and the ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also assessed. After multivariate adjustment using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) for prevalent PAD related to albuminuria with preserved eGFR, normoalbuminuria with low eGFR and albuminuria with low eGFR compared to normoalbuminuria with preserved eGFR were 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43-2.79], 3.14 (95% CI = 1.20-8.22) and 3.87 (95% CI = 1.72-8.72), respectively. In conclusion, in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, both normoalbuminuria with low eGFR and albuminuria with low eGFR are associated independently with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit-Sheung Yap
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C)
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Plasma homocysteine is associated with increased oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in welders. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:370487. [PMID: 24106453 PMCID: PMC3782826 DOI: 10.1155/2013/370487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of vitamin B6 status and plasma homocysteine with oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities in welders. Workers were divided into either the welding exposure group (n = 57) or the nonexposure controls (n = 42) based on whether they were employed as welders. There were no significant differences in vitamin B6 status and plasma homocysteine concentration between the welding exposure group and the nonexposure controls. The welding exposure group had significantly higher levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower erythrocyte glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities when compared to nonexposure controls. Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentration did not correlate with oxidative stress indicators or antioxidant capacities in either group. However, plasma homocysteine significantly correlated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (partial rs = −0.34, P < 0.05) and erythrocyte SOD activities (partial rs = 0.29, P < 0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders in the welding exposure group. In the welding exposure group, adequate vitamin B6 status was not associated with oxidative stress or antioxidant capacities. However, elevated plasma homocysteine seemed to be a major contributing factor to antioxidant capacities (TAC and erythrocyte SOD activities) in welders.
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Oxidative stress in coronary artery disease: epigenetic perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 374:203-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nishimura M, Ookawara T, Eguchi H, Fujiwara N, Yoshihara D, Yasuda J, Mimura O, Suzuki K. Inhibition of gene expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor by extracellular superoxide dismutase in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:589-95. [PMID: 16753836 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600615094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) and heparin binding EGF like growth factor (HB-EGF) are produced in smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall, and are thought to play pathological roles in atherosclerosis with heparin binding characteristics. EC-SOD treatment clearly reduced the H2O2 induced expression of HB-EGF in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). EC-SOD also inhibited the induction of HB-EGF by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in RASMC by 60%. Both H2O2 and TPA increased intracellular ROS levels, and EC-SOD inhibited ROS generation only for the case of H2O2 but not TPA. Treatment of the cells with heparin alone decreased HB-EGF expression by 20%, whereas EC-SOD alone and a co-incubation with EC-SOD and heparin suppressed the induction by 60 and 70%, respectively. These results suggest that EC-SOD is related to the EGF signaling in two ways, competition for HSPG with HB-EGF and as an ROS scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Biselli PM, Guerzoni AR, de Godoy MF, Eberlin MN, Haddad R, Carvalho VM, Vannucchi H, Pavarino-Bertelli EC, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Genetic polymorphisms involved in folate metabolism and concentrations of methylmalonic acid and folate on plasma homocysteine and risk of coronary artery disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009; 29:32-40. [PMID: 19283448 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-009-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in the enzymes involved in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism or vitamin deficiency could play a role in coronary artery disease (CAD) development. This study investigated the influence of MTHFR and MTR gene polymorphisms, plasma folate and MMA on Hcy concentrations and CAD development. MMA and folate concentrations were also investigated according to the polymorphisms. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-three unrelated Caucasian individuals undergoing coronary angiography (175 with CAD and 108 non-CAD) were assessed in a case-control study. Plasma Hcy and MMA were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma folate was measured by competitive immunoassay. Dietary intake was evaluated using a nutritional questionnaire. Polymorphisms MTHFR and MTR were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by enzyme digestion or allele-specific PCR. RESULTS Hcy mean concentrations were higher in CAD patients compared to controls, but below statistical significance (P = 0.246). Increased MMA mean concentrations were frequently observed in the CAD group (P = 0.048). Individuals with MMA concentrations >0.5 micromol/l (vitamin B(12) deficiency) were found only in the CAD group (P = 0.004). A positive correlation between MMA and Hcy mean concentrations was observed in both groups, CAD (P = 0.001) and non-CAD (P = 0.020). MMA mean concentrations were significantly higher in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia in both groups, CAD and non-CAD (P = 0.0063 and P = 0.013, respectively). Folate mean concentration was significantly lower in carriers of the wild-type MTHFR 1298AA genotype (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Our results suggest a correlation between the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and plasma folate concentration. Vitamin B(12) deficiency, reflected by increased MMA concentration, is an important risk factor for the development both of hyperhomocysteinemia and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Matos Biselli
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit-UPGEM, São José do Rio Preto Medical School-FAMERP, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, N masculine 5416, Bloco U-6, São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15.090-000, Brazil.
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Kerkeni M, Added F, Ben Farhat M, Miled A, Trivin F, Maaroufi K. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and parameters of antioxidative defence in Tunisian patients with coronary heart disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2008; 45:193-8. [PMID: 18325185 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2007.007066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between oxidative damage and antioxidative protection in association with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has been suggested. The aim of this study was to test the parameters of antioxidative defence and to assess their association with hyperhomocysteinaemia and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Tunisian patients. METHODS The study population included 100 patients with CHD and 120 healthy controls. The severity of CHD was expressed as the number of affected vessels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) concentrations were measured using commercially available methods. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration was determined by direct chemiluminescence assay. Serum zinc (Zn) was measured by a colorimetric method. RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with CHD had significantly lower activities of SOD (P < 0.01), GPx (P < 0.001), and serum Zn concentrations (P < 0.001) and significantly higher tHcy concentration (P < 0.001). However TAS concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. SOD and GPx activities were negatively correlated with tHcy concentration (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia showed a lower GPx and SOD activities than patients with normohomocysteinaemia. Antioxidant enzyme activities tended to be decreased in CHD patients presenting with 0- to 3-vessel stenosis. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that low activity of GPx, SOD and Zn concentration are associated with CHD patients. We hypothesize that hyperhomocysteinaemia and low antioxidant enzyme activities may increase the extent of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kerkeni
- Research Unit 03/UR/08-14, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Qin Z, Reszka KJ, Fukai T, Weintraub NL. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) in vascular biology: an update on exogenous gene transfer and endogenous regulators of ecSOD. Transl Res 2008; 151:68-78. [PMID: 18201674 PMCID: PMC4230486 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxide (O(2)(.-)) and a main regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the blood vessel wall, heart, lungs, kidney, and placenta. Involvement of O(2)(.-) has been implicated in many pathological processes, and removal of extracellular O(2)(.-) by ecSOD gene transfer has emerged as a promising experimental technique to treat vascular disorders associated with increased oxidant stress. In addition, recent studies have clarified mechanisms that regulate ecSOD expression, tissue binding, and activity, and they have provided new insight into how ecSOD interacts with other factors that regulate vascular function. Finally, studies of a common gene variant in humans associated with disruption of ecSOD tissue binding suggest that displacement of the enzyme from the blood vessel wall may contribute to vascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research findings related to ecSOD function and gene transfer and to stimulate other investigations into the role of this unique antioxidant enzyme in vascular pathophysiology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Qin
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
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Dysfunction of endothelial NO system originated from homocysteine-induced aberrant methylation pattern in promoter region of DDAH2 gene. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200712010-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Ohashi M, Runge MS, Faraci FM, Heistad DD. MnSOD deficiency increases endothelial dysfunction in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:2331-6. [PMID: 16873728 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000238347.77590.c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In mice that are heterozygous for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2(+/-)) with apoE deficiency (apoE(-/-)), mitochondrial DNA damage increases formation of atherosclerotic lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SOD2 provides protection against increased vascular superoxide and endothelial dysfunction in apoE-deficient mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Four groups of mice [apoE(-/-)/SOD2(+/-) (apoe/sod2), apoE(-/-)/SOD2(+/+) (apoe/SOD2), apoE(+/+)/SOD2(+/-) (apoE/sod2), and apoE(+/+)/SOD2(+/+) (apoE/SOD2)] were fed normal chow diet, and studied at 15 to 17 months of age. Serum cholesterol levels were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, and also were similar in apoE/sod2 and apoE/SOD2 mice. Intimal area was increased in aorta, but not carotid artery, of apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Tiron improved relaxation to acetylcholine. In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. CONCLUSIONS SOD2 protects against oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in carotid artery of apoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuo Ohashi
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Kokturk O, Ciftci TU, Mollarecep E, Ciftci B. Serum homocysteine levels and cardiovascular morbidity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Respir Med 2006; 100:536-41. [PMID: 16024243 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Elevated levels of serum homocysteine are also associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate serum homocysteine levels and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides) in OSAS patients with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Levels of homocysteine, cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides were measured in 114 obese, male participants after overnight fasting. The presence of OSAS was determined by standard overnight polysomnography. The cases included OSAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index: AHI5) with CVD (OSAS+CVD group) (n:25) and without CVD (OSAS-CVD group) (n:47). Control group was patients without OSAS (AHI<5) with CVD (CVD group) (n:42). The serum homocysteine levels were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kokturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Disease, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
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Lwin H, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Saito K, Yamamoto A, Date C, Tanaka H. Polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (C677T MTHFR) is not a confounding factor of the relationship between serum uric acid level and the prevalence of hypertension in Japanese men. Circ J 2006; 70:83-7. [PMID: 16377929 DOI: 10.1253/circj.70.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum uric acid (UA) and the prevalence of hypertension, and the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism and hypertension remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the C677T MTHFR mutation genotype (VV) is independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension or blood pressure (BP), and examined any interaction of MTHFR and UA with BP. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were randomly selected from all residents (aged 40-69 years) in a rural county of Japan, and the data for the men (n=335) were analyzed. ;Hypertension' was defined as systolic BP >or=140 and/or diastolic BP >or=90 mmHg and/or being administered antihypertensive medication. Serum UA level was independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =2.7 (1.2-5.9), p=0.047) for the highest tertile of serum UA (>or=398.5 micromol/L (6.7 mg/dl)) vs that of the lowest tertile (<321.2 micromol/L (5.4 mg/dl)), but the MTHFR mutation was not independently associated with prevalence of hypertension or BP. No interaction of the MTHFR mutation and serum UA with BP was found. CONCLUSIONS The mutation of C677T MTHFR was not independently associated with the prevalence of hypertension or BP levels although serum UA was. Furthermore, the relationship between serum UA and BP was not modulated by the MTHFR mutation in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htay Lwin
- Division of Health and Nutrition Monitoring, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
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Boykin JV, Baylis C, Allen SK, Humphries YM, Shawler LG, Sommer VL, Watkins MB, Young JK, Crossland MC. Treatment of elevated homocysteine to restore normal wound healing: a possible relationship between homocysteine, nitric oxide, and wound repair. Adv Skin Wound Care 2005; 18:297-300. [PMID: 16096393 DOI: 10.1097/00129334-200507000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph V Boykin
- HCA Retreat Hospital Wound Healing Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Tseng CH, Tseng CP, Tai TY, Chong CK. Effect of angiotensin blockade on the association between albuminuria and peripheral arterial disease in elderly Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circ J 2005; 69:965-70. [PMID: 16041168 DOI: 10.1253/circj.69.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the clinical use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on the association between the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in elderly Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS Two-hundred and ninety patients (108 men, 182 women) aged > or = 65 years (mean +/- SD, 71.6 +/-4.9) were cross-sectionally studied. ACR was expressed as the natural logarithm [ln(ACR)] and divided into normoalbuminuria (< 30.0 microg/mg) and albuminuria (> or = 30.0 microg/mg). ABI was evaluated both continuously and as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (-) and PAD (+) using the cutoff of 0.9. Statistical analyses were performed with consideration of covariates and the use of ACEI/ARB. Results showed that in patients not using ACEI/ARB, ln (ACR) negatively correlated with ABI (r = -0.261, p < 0.01) and was associated with ABI with adjusted regression coefficient of -0.0213 (p < 0.05). PAD patients had a significantly higher level of ln (ACR) than those without PAD (4.83+/-1.34 vs 3.73+/-1.29, p < 0.001) and PAD prevalence was significantly higher in those with albuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria (22.6% vs 4.9%, p < 0.001). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio for PAD for every 1 unit increment of ln (ACR) was 2.10 (1.31-3.38), and for albuminuria vs normoalbuminuria 3.86 (1.04-14.31) in patients not using ACEI/ARB. In patients using ACEI/ARB, none of these analyses was significant. Patients using ACEI/ARB had a significantly lower risk of PAD with a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of 0.34 (0.12-0.97). CONCLUSIONS ACR negatively correlates with ABI and is associated with PAD in elderly diabetic patients not treated with ACEI/ARB. The use of ACEI/ARB attenuates this association and may be associated with a lower risk of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Stefanello FM, Franzon R, Tagliari B, Wannmacher C, Wajner M, Wyse ATS. Reduction of butyrylcholinesterase activity in rat serum subjected to hyperhomocysteinemia. Metab Brain Dis 2005; 20:97-103. [PMID: 15938128 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-005-4147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) administration, the main metabolite accumulating in homocystinuria, on butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity in serum of rats. For the acute treatment, 29-day-old Wistar rats received one subcutaneous injection of Hcy (0.6 micromol/g) or saline (control) and were killed 1 h later. For the chronic treatment, Hcy was administered subcutaneously to rats from the 6th to the 28th day of life. Control rats received saline. The rats were killed 12 h after the last injection. In another set of experiments, rats were pretreated for one week with vitamins E and C or saline and 12 h after the last injection received one single injection of Hcy or saline, being killed 1 h later. Serum was used to determine BuChE activity. Our results showed that acute and chronic administration of Hcy significantly decreased BuChE activity. Furthermore, vitamins E and C per se did not alter BuChE activity, but prevented the reduction of this enzyme activity caused by acute administration of Hcy. The data suggest that the inhibitory effect of Hcy on BuChE activity is probably mediated by free radicals, since vitamins E and C administration prevented such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli M Stefanello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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