1
|
Kawai K, Kawakami R, Finn AV, Virmani R. Differences in Stable and Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1474-1484. [PMID: 38924440 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., R.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., R.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., R.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (K.K., R.K., A.V.F., R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Ding X, Yuan C, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Yao J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Dai Y. Anti-Inflammatory Responses Produced with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-Derived Uridine via the Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel and Its Anti-Atherosclerosis Effect in an Apolipoprotein E Gene Knockout Mouse Model. Biomolecules 2024; 14:672. [PMID: 38927075 PMCID: PMC11201709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) has become the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Our previous study had observed that Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infection or its derived products could inhibit AS development by inducing an anti-inflammatory response. We performed a metabolic analysis to screen Nb-derived metabolites with anti-inflammation activity and evaluated the AS-prevention effect. We observed that the metabolite uridine had higher expression levels in mice infected with the Nb and ES (excretory-secretory) products and could be selected as a key metabolite. ES and uridine interventions could reduce the pro-inflammatory responses and increase the anti-inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. The apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for the AS modeling. Following the in vivo intervention, ES products or uridine significantly reduced serum and liver lipid levels, alleviated the formation of atherosclerosis, and reduced the pro-inflammatory responses in serum or plaques, while the anti-inflammatory responses showed opposite trends. After blocking with 5-HD (5-hydroxydecanoate sodium) in vitro, the mRNA levels of M2 markers were significantly reduced. When blocked with 5-HD in vivo, the degree of atherosclerosis was worsened, the pro-inflammatory responses were increased compared to the uridine group, while the anti-inflammatory responses decreased accordingly. Uridine, a key metabolite from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, showed anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro and in vivo, which depend on the activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Caiyi Yuan
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yougui Yang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
- Department of Parasitic Disease Control, Lishui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Middle Street 17, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Jiakai Yao
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Dai
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Avenue 101, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Yang Xiang 117, Wuxi 214064, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rey N, Ebrahimian T, Gloaguen C, Kereselidze D, Christelle E, Brizais C, Bachelot F, Riazi G, Monceau V, Demarquay C, Zineddine IG, Klokov D, Lehoux S, Ebrahimian TG. Low to moderate dose 137Cs (γ) radiation promotes M2 type macrophage skewing and reduces atherosclerotic plaque CD68+ cell content in ApoE (-/-) mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12450. [PMID: 38816571 PMCID: PMC11139881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on atherosclerosis remain uncertain, particularly as regards the generation of pro- or anti-inflammatory responses, and the time scale at which such effects can occur following irradiation. To explore these phenomena, we exposed atheroprone ApoE(-/-) mice to a single dose of 0, 0.05, 0.5 or 1 Gy of 137Cs (γ) administered at a 10.35 mGy min-1 dose rate and evaluated short-term (1-10 days) and long-term consequences (100 days). Bone marrow-derived macrophages were derived from mice 1 day after exposure. Irradiation was associated with a significant skewing of M0 and M2 polarized macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, as demonstrated by an increased mRNA expression of Retnla, Arg1, and Chil3 in cells from mice exposed to 0.5 or 1 Gy compared with non-irradiated animals. Minimal effects were noted in M1 cells or M1 marker mRNA. Concurrently, we observed a reduced secretion of IL-1β but enhanced IL-10 release from M0 and M2 macrophages. Effects of irradiation on circulating monocytes were most marked at day 10 post-exposure, when the 1 Gy dose was associated with enhanced numbers of both Ly6CHigh and Ly6Low cells. By day 100, levels of circulating monocytes in irradiated and non-irradiated mice were equivalent, but anti-inflammatory Ly6CLow monocytes were significantly increased in the spleen of mice exposed to 0.05 or 1 Gy. Long term exposures did not affect atherosclerotic plaque size or lipid content, as determined by Oil red O staining, whatever the dose applied. Similarly, irradiation did not affect atherosclerotic plaque collagen or smooth muscle cell content. However, we found that lesion CD68+ cell content tended to decrease with rising doses of radioactivity exposure, culminating in a significant reduction of plaque macrophage content at 1 Gy. Taken together, our results show that short- and long-term exposures to low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation drive an anti-inflammatory response, skewing bone marrow-derived macrophages towards an IL-10-secreting M2 phenotype and decreasing plaque macrophage content. These results suggest a low-grade athero-protective effect of low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rey
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - T Ebrahimian
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Biomedical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Gloaguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - D Kereselidze
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - E Christelle
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - C Brizais
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - F Bachelot
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - G Riazi
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - V Monceau
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - C Demarquay
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - I Garali Zineddine
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - D Klokov
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France
| | - S Lehoux
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Biomedical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie et de Radiobiologie Expérimentale, 92262, Fontenay-Aux Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian Y, Luan X, Yang K. Chronotherapy involving rosiglitazone regulates the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells by shifting the phase of TNF-α rhythm through triglyceride accumulation in macrophages. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30708. [PMID: 38803898 PMCID: PMC11128472 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vascular diseases are often caused by the interaction between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study aims to elucidate whether chronotherapy with rosiglitazone (RSG) can regulate the secretion rhythm of macrophages, thereby controlling the phenotypic switch of VSMCs and clarifying the potential molecular mechanisms, providing a chronotherapeutic approach for the treatment of vascular diseases. Methods RAW264.7 cells and A7r5 cells were synchronized via a 50 % FBS treatment. M1-type macrophages were induced through Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Additionally, siRNA and plasmids targeting PPARγ were transfected into macrophages. The assessment encompassed cell viability, migration, inflammatory factor levels, lipid metabolites, clock gene expression, and relative protein expression. Results We revealed that, in alignment with core clock genes Bmal1 and CLOCK, RSG administration at ZT2 advanced the phase of TNF-α release rhythm, while ZT12 administration shifted it backward. Incubation with TNF-α at ZT2 significantly promoted the phenotype switch of VSMCs. This effect diminished when incubated at ZT12, implicating the involvement of the clock-MAPK pathway in VSMCs. Furthermore, RSG administration at ZT2 advanced the phases of PPARγ and Bmal1 genes, whereas ZT12 administration shifted them backward. Additionally, PPARγ overexpression significantly induced triglyceride (TG) accumulation in macrophages. Exogenous TG upregulated Bmal1 and CLOCK gene expression in macrophages and significantly increased TNF-α release. Conclusion Chronotherapy involving RSG induces TG accumulation within macrophages, resulting in alterations in circadian gene rhythms. These changes, in turn, modulate the phase of rhythmic TNF-α release and play a regulatory role in VSMCs phenotype switch. Our study establishes a theoretical foundation for chronotherapy of PPARγ agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001. PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, PR China
| | - Xuanyu Luan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pukhalskaia TV, Yurakova TR, Bogdanova DA, Demidov ON. Tumor-Associated Senescent Macrophages, Their Markers, and Their Role in Tumor Microenvironment. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:839-852. [PMID: 38880645 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the most abundant population of immune cells infiltrating a tumor. TAMs can largely determine direction of anti-tumor immune response by promoting it or, conversely, contribute to formation of an immunosuppressive TME that allows tumors to evade immune control. Through interactions with tumor cells or other cells in the microenvironment and, as a result of action of anti-cancer therapy, macrophages can enter senescence. In this review, we have attempted to summarize information available in the literature on the role of senescent macrophages in tumors. With the recent development of senolytic therapeutic strategies aimed at removing senescent cells from an organism, it seems important to discuss functions of the senescent macrophages and potential role of the senolytic drugs in reprogramming TAMs to enhance anti-tumor immune response and improve efficacy of cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara V Pukhalskaia
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Taisiya R Yurakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria A Bogdanova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Oleg N Demidov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340, Russia.
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
- INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar M, Yan P, Kuchel GA, Xu M. Cellular Senescence as a Targetable Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases: Therapeutic Implications: JACC Family Series. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:522-534. [PMID: 38680957 PMCID: PMC11055207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases markedly rises with age. Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest and the manifestation of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which has emerged as a significant contributor to aging, mortality, and a spectrum of chronic ailments. An increasing body of preclinical and clinical research has established connections between senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and age-related cardiac and vascular pathologies. This review comprehensively outlines studies delving into the detrimental impact of senescence on various cardiovascular diseases, encompassing systemic atherosclerosis (including coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease), as well as conditions such as hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and valvular heart diseases. In addition, we have preclinical studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of senolytics-a class of drugs designed to eliminate senescent cells selectively across diverse cardiovascular disease scenarios. Finally, we address knowledge gaps on the influence of senescence on cardiovascular systems and discuss the future trajectory of strategies targeting senescence for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pengyi Yan
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan R, Li J. Role of macrophages and their exosomes in orthopedic diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17146. [PMID: 38560468 PMCID: PMC10979751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure that carry various active substances, such as proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA, and nucleic acids; these participate in the immune response, tissue formation, and cell communication. Owing to their low immunogenicity, exosomes play a key role in regulating the skeletal immune environment. Macrophages are important immune cells that swallow various cellular and tissue fragments. M1-like and M2-like macrophages differentiate to play pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and repair roles following stimulation. In recent years, the increase in the population base and the aging of the population have led to a gradual rise in orthopedic diseases, placing a heavy burden on the social medical system and making it urgent to find effective solutions. Macrophages and their exosomes have been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of orthopedic diseases. An in-depth understanding of their mechanisms of action and the interaction between them will be helpful for the future clinical treatment of orthopedic diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action, diagnosis, and treatment of orthopedic diseases involving macrophages and their exosomes, including fracture healing, diabetic bone damage, osteosarcoma, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we discuss the prospects and major challenges faced by macrophages and their exosomes in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riming Yuan
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Lu X, Lu J, Hernigou P, Jin F. The role of macrophage polarization in tendon healing and therapeutic strategies: Insights from animal models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1366398. [PMID: 38486869 PMCID: PMC10937537 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1366398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries, a common musculoskeletal issue, usually result in adhesions to the surrounding tissue, that will impact functional recovery. Macrophages, particularly through their M1 and M2 polarizations, play a pivotal role in the inflammatory and healing phases of tendon repair. In this review, we explore the role of macrophage polarization in tendon healing, focusing on insights from animal models. The review delves into the complex interplay of macrophages in tendon pathology, detailing how various macrophage phenotypes contribute to both healing and adhesion formation. It also explores the potential of modulating macrophage activity to enhance tendon repair and minimize adhesions. With advancements in understanding macrophage behavior and the development of innovative biomaterials, this review highlights promising therapeutic strategies for tendon injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Shanghai Bio-lu Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technology Innovation Center of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxi Lu
- Shanghai Bio-lu Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Technology Innovation Center of Orthopedic Biomaterials, Shanghai, China
| | - Philippe Hernigou
- University Paris East, Orthopedic Hospital Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, Paris, France
| | - Fangchun Jin
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An FQ, Zhou G, Harland MT, Hussain W, Strainic MG, Jain MK, Medof ME. KLF4 and CD55 expression and function depend on each other. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1290684. [PMID: 38406578 PMCID: PMC10884306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) regulates the expression of immunosuppressive and anti-thrombotic proteins. Despite its importance in maintaining homeostasis, the signals that control its expression and the mechanism of its transactivation remain unclarified. CD55 [aka decay accelerating factor (DAF)], now known to be a regulator of T and B cell responses, biases between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes by controlling autocrine C3a and C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) signaling in cells. The similarity in CD55's and KLF4's regulatory effects prompted analyses of their functional relationship. In vascular endothelial cells (ECs), CD55 upregulation accompanied KLF4 expression via a p-CREB and CREB Binding Protein (CBP) mechanism. In both ECs and macrophages, CD55 expression was essential for KLF4's downregulation of pro-inflammatory/pro-coagulant proteins and upregulation of homeostatic proteins. Mechanistic studies showed that upregulation of KLF4 upregulated CD55. The upregulated CD55 in turn enabled the recruitment of p-CREB and CBP to KLF4 needed for its transcription. Activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting from repression of autocrine C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling by upregulated CD55 concurrently led to p-CREB and CBP recruitment to KLF4-regulated genes, thereby conferring KLF4's transactivation. Accordingly, silencing CD55 in statin-treated HUVEC disabled CBP transfer from the E-selectin to the eNOS promoter. Importantly, silencing CD55 downregulated KLF4's expression. It did the same in untreated HUVEC transitioning from KLF4low growth to KLF4hi contact inhibition. KLF4's and CD55's function in ECs and macrophages thus are linked via a novel mechanism of gene transactivation. Because the two proteins are co-expressed in many cell types, CD55's activity may be broadly tied to KLF4's immunosuppressive and antithrombotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qi An
- Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Micah T. Harland
- Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Wasim Hussain
- Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Michael G. Strainic
- Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mukesh K. Jain
- Cardiovascular Research of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M. Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology Case Western Reserve University and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rastegari B, Ghamar Talepoor A, Khosropanah S, Doroudchi M. In Vitro Targeted Delivery of Simvastatin and Niacin to Macrophages Using Mannan-Grafted Magnetite Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:658-674. [PMID: 38222576 PMCID: PMC10785661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of mortality worldwide, involves various subsets of macrophages that contribute to its initiation and progression. Current treatment approaches focus on systemic, long-term administration of cholesterol-lowering antioxidants such as statins and certain vitamins, which unfortunately come with prolonged side effects. To overcome these drawbacks, a mannose-containing magnetic nanoparticle (NP) is introduced as a drug delivery system to specifically target macrophages in vitro using simvastatin or niacin and a combinational therapy approach that reduces local inflammation while avoiding unwanted side effects. The synthesized NPs exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, neutrally charged thin coating with a hydrodynamic size of 77.23 ± 13.90 nm, and a metallic core ranging from 15 to 25 nm. Efficient loading of niacin (87.21%) and simvastatin (75.36%) on the NPs was achieved at respective weights of 20.13 and 5.03 (w/w). In the presence of a mannan hydrolyzing enzyme, 79.51% of simvastatin and 67.23% of niacin were released from the NPs within 90 min, with a leakage rate below 19.22%. Additionally, the coated NPs showed no destructive effect on J774A macrophages up to a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Simvastatin-loaded NPs exhibited a minimal increase in IL-6 expression. The low dosage of simvastatin decreased both IL-6 and ARG1 expressions, while niacin and combined simvastatin/niacin increased the level of ARG1 expression significantly. Toxicity evaluations on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and murine liver cells revealed that free simvastatin administration caused significant toxicity, whereas the encapsulated forms of simvastatin, niacin, and a combination of simvastatin/niacin at equivalent concentrations exhibited no significant toxicity. Hence, the controlled release of the encapsulated form of simvastatin and niacin resulted in the effective modulation of macrophage polarization. The delivery system showed suitability for targeting macrophages to atherosclerotic plaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic
Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical
Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71439-14693, Iran
- Department
of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Atefe Ghamar Talepoor
- Department
of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
- Immunology
Center for Excellence, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Shahdad Khosropanah
- Department
of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department
of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz
University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
- Immunology
Center for Excellence, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-45794, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei J, Shen S, Tian Y, Kang P, Sun G. Correlation Analysis of Macrophage Distribution and Pathological Features of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 98:355-364. [PMID: 37852365 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in maintaining the chronic inflammatory of atherosclerosis (AS) and are hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. They differentiate into different subpopulations under the influence of oxidized lipids and cytokines and play different roles in the formation and development of plaque. To explore the differences in the amount and distribution of different macrophage subpopulations around different carotid plaque pathological features in human AS, and based on these results, to explore the correlation between some macrophage subpopulations and AS pathological features. METHODS First, we analyzed the single cells RNA-sequence data from the Gene Expression Omnibus DataSets (GSE159677). Second, we investigated the distribution difference of macrophage subpopulations in 61 surgically resected AS plaques by markers staining include CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Arg-1, CD163 and HO-1. RESULTS The result of single cells RNA-Sequence analysis showed that there were a large number of macrophages infiltrated in AS and they can be categorized into different subpopulations with different transcriptional features and functions; moreover in different part of AS (calcified AS core versus proximal adjacent), the total number and subpopulation ratios were all different. The result of staining analysis showed that macrophages mainly distributed in some pathological lesions such as necrosis, fibrous tissue degeneration, cholesterol crystallization etc., and different subpopulations were distributed differently in these lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that macrophages were heavily infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, and there existed subtype variability in different pathological lesions; meanwhile, these results suggested that different macrophage subpopulations may contribute differently in different pathological lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Kang
- Department of Pathology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hoang TX, Kim JY. Regulatory macrophages in solid organ xenotransplantation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 37:229-240. [PMID: 38115165 PMCID: PMC10772277 DOI: 10.4285/kjt.23.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a critical organ shortage, pig organs are being explored for use in transplantation. Differences between species, particularly in cell surface glycans, can trigger elevated immune responses in xenotransplantation. To mitigate the risk of hyperacute rejection, genetically modified pigs have been developed that lack certain glycans and express human complement inhibitors. Nevertheless, organs from these pigs may still provoke stronger inflammatory and innate immune reactions than allotransplants. Dysregulation of coagulation and persistent inflammation remain obstacles in the transplantation of pig organs into primates. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs), known for their anti-inflammatory properties, could offer a potential solution. Mregs secrete interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta, thereby suppressing immune responses and promoting the development of regulatory T cells. These Mregs are typically induced via the stimulation of monocytes or macrophages with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma, and they conspicuously express the stable marker dehydrogenase/reductase 9. Consequently, understanding the precise mechanisms governing Mreg generation, stability, and immunomodulation could pave the way for the therapeutic use of Mregs generated in vitro. This approach has the potential to reduce the required dosages and durations of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications in preclinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roa-Vidal N, Rodríguez-Aponte AS, Lasalde-Dominicci JA, Capó-Vélez CM, Delgado-Vélez M. Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15732. [PMID: 37958716 PMCID: PMC10650439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages serve as vital defenders, protecting the body by exhibiting remarkable cellular adaptability in response to invading pathogens and various stimuli. These cells express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with the α7-nAChR being extensively studied due to its involvement in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Activation of this pathway plays a crucial role in suppressing macrophages' production of proinflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating excessive inflammation and maintaining host homeostasis. Macrophage polarization, which occurs in response to specific pathogens or insults, is a process that has received limited attention concerning the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and the contributions of the α7-nAChR in this context. This review aims to present evidence highlighting how the cholinergic constituents in macrophages, led by the α7-nAChR, facilitate the polarization of macrophages towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Additionally, we explore the influence of viral infections on macrophage inflammatory phenotypes, taking into account cholinergic mechanisms. We also review the current understanding of macrophage polarization in response to these infections. Finally, we provide insights into the relatively unexplored partial duplication of the α7-nAChR, known as dup α7, which is emerging as a significant factor in macrophage polarization and inflammation scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Roa-Vidal
- Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Adriana S. Rodríguez-Aponte
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
| | - José A. Lasalde-Dominicci
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, Clinical Bioreagent Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901, USA
| | - Coral M. Capó-Vélez
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, Clinical Bioreagent Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jing J, Guo J, Dai R, Zhu C, Zhang Z. Targeting gut microbiota and immune crosstalk: potential mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1252907. [PMID: 37719851 PMCID: PMC10504665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1252907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory reaction that primarily affects large and medium-sized arteries. It is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The pathogenesis of AS involves specific structural and functional alterations in various populations of vascular cells at different stages of the disease. The immune response is involved throughout the entire developmental stage of AS, and targeting immune cells presents a promising avenue for its treatment. Over the past 2 decades, studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, have a significant impact on the progression of AS. Interestingly, it has also been reported that there are complex mechanisms of action between GM and their metabolites, immune responses, and natural products that can have an impact on AS. GM and its metabolites regulate the functional expression of immune cells and have potential impacts on AS. Natural products have a wide range of health properties, and researchers are increasingly focusing on their role in AS. Now, there is compelling evidence that natural products provide an alternative approach to improving immune function in the AS microenvironment by modulating the GM. Natural product metabolites such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin, and quercetin may improve the intestinal microenvironment by modulating the relative abundance of GM, which in turn influences the accumulation of GM metabolites. Natural products can delay the progression of AS by regulating the metabolism of GM, inhibiting the migration of monocytes and macrophages, promoting the polarization of the M2 phenotype of macrophages, down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of Treg/Th17, and inhibiting the formation of foam cells. Based on the above, we describe recent advances in the use of natural products that target GM and immune cells crosstalk to treat AS, which may bring some insights to guide the treatment of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Institute of TCM Ulcers, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Domingues N, Gaifem J, Matthiesen R, Saraiva DP, Bento L, Marques ARA, Soares MIL, Sampaio J, Klose C, Surma MA, Almeida MS, Rodrigues G, Gonçalves PA, Ferreira J, E Melo RG, Pedro LM, Simons K, Pinho E Melo TMVD, Cabral MG, Jacinto A, Silvestre R, Vaz W, Vieira OV. Cholesteryl hemiazelate identified in CVD patients causes in vitro and in vivo inflammation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100419. [PMID: 37482218 PMCID: PMC10450993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of PUFAs in LDLs trapped in the arterial intima plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. Though there have been many studies on the atherogenicity of oxidized derivatives of PUFA-esters of cholesterol, the effects of cholesteryl hemiesters (ChEs), the oxidation end products of these esters, have not been studied. Through lipidomics analyses, we identified and quantified two ChE types in the plasma of CVD patients and identified four ChE types in human endarterectomy specimens. Cholesteryl hemiazelate (ChA), the ChE of azelaic acid (n-nonane-1,9-dioic acid), was the most prevalent ChE identified in both cases. Importantly, human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils exhibit inflammatory features when exposed to subtoxic concentrations of ChA in vitro. ChA increases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and modulates the surface-marker profile of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophage. In vivo, when zebrafish larvae were fed with a ChA-enriched diet, they exhibited neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in the vasculature in a caspase 1- and cathepsin B-dependent manner. ChA also triggered lipid accumulation at the bifurcation sites of the vasculature of the zebrafish larvae and negatively impacted their life expectancy. We conclude that ChA behaves as an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern with inflammatory and proatherogenic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neuza Domingues
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Portugal and ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana P Saraiva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Bento
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André R A Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria I L Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Manuel S Almeida
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Ryan Gouveia E Melo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Mendes Pedro
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Guadalupe Cabral
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Jacinto
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Portugal and ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Winchil Vaz
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Otília V Vieira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, (NMS, FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of c-Src and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:315-328. [PMID: 36700976 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the over production of oxidants or inactivity of antioxidants, can modulate the redox state of several target proteins such as tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. c-Src is one such non-receptor tyrosine kinase which activates NADPH oxidases (Noxs) in response to various growth factors and shear stress. Interaction between c-Src and Noxs is influenced by cell type and primary messengers such as angiotensin II, which binds to G-protein coupled receptor and activates the intracellular signaling cascade. c-Src stimulated activation of Noxs results in elevated release of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS species disturb vascular homeostasis and cause cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Interaction between c-Src and ROS in the pathobiology of cardiac fibrosis is hypothesized to be influenced by cell type and stimuli. c-Src and ROS have a bidirectional relationship, thus increased ROS levels due to c-Src mediated activation of Noxs can further activate c-Src by promoting the oxidation and sulfenylation of critical cysteine residues. This review highlights the role of c-Src and ROS in mediating downstream signaling pathways underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, due to the central role of c-Src in activation of various signaling proteins involved in differentiation, migration, proliferation, and cytoskeletal reorganization of vascular cells, it is presented as therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases except cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian K, Yang Y, Zhou K, Deng N, Tian Z, Wu Z, Liu X, Zhang F, Jiang Z. The role of ROS-induced pyroptosis in CVD. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116509. [PMID: 36873396 PMCID: PMC9978107 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the world and seriously threatens human health. Pyroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered in recent years. Several studies have revealed that ROS-induced pyroptosis plays a key role in CVD. However, the signaling pathway ROS-induced pyroptosis has yet to be fully understood. This article reviews the specific mechanism of ROS-mediated pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. Current evidence shows that ROS-mediated pyroptosis is a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and heart failure (HF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijiang Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Nianhua Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zefan Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhisheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Claesen K, De Loose J, Van Wielendaele P, De bruyn E, Sim Y, Thys S, De Meester I, Hendriks D. ProCPU Is Expressed by (Primary) Human Monocytes and Macrophages and Expression Differs between States of Differentiation and Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043725. [PMID: 36835137 PMCID: PMC9967989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase U (CPU, TAFIa, CPB2) is a potent attenuator of fibrinolysis that is mainly synthesized by the liver as its inactive precursor proCPU. Aside from its antifibrinolytic properties, evidence exists that CPU can modulate inflammation, thereby regulating communication between coagulation and inflammation. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in inflammation and interact with coagulation mechanisms resulting in thrombus formation. The involvement of CPU and monocytes/macrophages in inflammation and thrombus formation, and a recent hypothesis that proCPU is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, prompted us to investigate human monocytes and macrophages as a potential source of proCPU. CPB2 mRNA expression and the presence of proCPU/CPU protein were studied in THP-1, PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes, M-CSF-, IFN-γ/LPS-, and IL-4-stimulated-macrophages by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, enzyme activity measurements, and immunocytochemistry. CPB2 mRNA and proCPU protein were detected in THP-1 and PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells as well as in primary monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, CPU was detected in the cell medium of all investigated cell types and it was demonstrated that proCPU can be activated into functionally active CPU in the in vitro cell culture environment. Comparison of CPB2 mRNA expression and proCPU concentrations in the cell medium between the different cell types provided evidence that CPB2 mRNA expression and proCPU secretion in monocytes and macrophages is related to the degree to which these cells are differentiated. Our results indicate that primary monocytes and macrophages express proCPU. This sheds new light on monocytes and macrophages as local proCPU sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Claesen
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joni De Loose
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Wielendaele
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Emilie De bruyn
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yani Sim
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hendriks
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-265-27-27
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nambo-Venegas R, Palacios-González B, Mas-Oliva J, Aurioles-Amozurrutia AK, Cruz-Rangel A, Moreno A, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Vadillo-Ortega F, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Ruiz-Olmedo MI, Reyes-Grajeda JP. Conversion of M1 Macrophages to Foam Cells: Transcriptome Differences Determined by Sex. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020490. [PMID: 36831031 PMCID: PMC9953229 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND M1 macrophages involved in pro-inflammatory processes can be induced by low-density lipoproteins (LDL), giving rise to foam cells. In the atheroma plaque, it has been identified that males present more advanced lesions associated with infiltration. Therefore, our study aims to investigate sex-related changes in the transcriptome of M1 macrophages during the internalization process of LDL particles. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy male and female subjects were separated using Hystopaque, and monocytes were isolated from PBMCs using a positive selection of CD14+ cells. Cells were stimulated with LDL 10 µg/mL, and the transcriptional profile of M1 macrophages performed during LDL internalization was determined using a Clariom D platform array. RESULTS Chromosome Y influences the immune system and inflammatory responses in males expressing 43% of transcripts in response to LDL treatment. Males and females share 15 transcripts, where most correspond to non-coding elements involved in oxidative stress and endothelial damage. CONCLUSIONS During LDL internalization, male monocyte-derived M1 macrophages display more marked proinflammatory gene expression. In contrast, female M1 macrophages display a more significant number of markers associated with cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nambo-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14600, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable, Centro de Investigación Sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sur), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Armando Cruz-Rangel
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14600, Mexico
| | - Abel Moreno
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14600, Mexico
| | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM en INMEGEN, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14600, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Pablo Reyes-Grajeda
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14600, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blood Count-Derived Inflammatory Markers and Acute Complications of Ischemic Heart Disease in Elderly Women. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041369. [PMID: 36835905 PMCID: PMC9961980 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) in women occurs later than in men. Underlying atherosclerosis, a chronic process of lipoprotein deposition in arterial walls with a prominent inflammatory component, is influenced by several risk factors. In women, commonly used inflammatory markers are generally found to be related to the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as well as the development of other diseases that influence CAD. New inflammatory markers derived from total blood count-systemic inflammatory response index (SII), systemic inflammatory reaction index (SIRI), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)-were analyzed in the group of 244 elderly, postmenopausal women with the diagnosis of ACS or stable CAD. SII, SIRI, MLR, and NLR were significantly higher in women with ACS compared to those with stable CAD (p < 0.05 for all)-the highest values were observed in women with NSTEMI. MLR from new inflammatory markers, HDL, and history of MI turned out to be significant factors associated with ACS. These results suggest that MLR as representative of blood count-derived inflammatory markers may be considered as additional CVD risk factors in women with suspected ACS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahmadi J, Hosseini E, Kargar F, Ghasemzadeh M. Stable CAD patients show higher levels of platelet-borne TGF-β1 associated with a superior pro-inflammatory state than the pro-aggregatory status; Evidence highlighting the importance of platelet-derived TGF-β1 in atherosclerosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2023; 55:102-115. [PMID: 36352058 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Activated platelets are involved in the atherogenic stage of atherosclerosis, while they can also progress it to atherothrombosis which may cause an ischemic state and organ failure. In general, coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as common and severe clinical consequence of atherosclerosis, manifesting as a chronic inflammatory condition with the release of platelet mediators, among which the importance of platelet-borne TGF-β1 is not yet well understood. Hence, for the first time, this study aimed to examine platelet level of TGF-β1 (latent/mature) in CAD-patients and its association with the expression of platelet pro-inflammatory molecules. Platelet from stable CAD-patients candidate for CABG and healthy controls were subjected to flowcytometry analysis to evaluate P-selectin and CD40L expressions and PAC-1 binding. Platelet-borne and soluble TGF-β1, both mature/active and latent forms were also examined with western blotting. Higher expression levels of P-selectin and CD40L in patients with CAD than in controls were associated with comparable levels of PAC-1 binding in both groups. Platelet TGF-β1 levels were also significantly higher in patients, while their platelets showed clear bands of mature TGF-β1 that were barely visible in healthy individuals. Soluble TGF-β1 was also higher in patients. Significant correlations between mature/active TGF-β1 and platelet pro-inflammatory markers (P-selectin and CD40L) as well as common indicators of inflammation (CRP and ESR) were observed in CAD patients. In this study, given the insignificant changes in pro-aggregatory potentials in stable CAD, the pro-inflammatory state of platelets may be more involved in disease development and progression. Direct correlations between active platelet-borne TGF-β1 and pro-inflammatory markers with its presence in CAD-patients, which was almost absent in the platelets of healthy individuals, may also underscore the significant contribution of platelet-borne TGF-β1 to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Ahmadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kargar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. .,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Next to the Milad Tower, Hemmat Exp. Way, P.O.Box:14665-1157, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie Y, Chen H, Qu P, Qiao X, Guo L, Liu L. Novel insight on the role of Macrophages in atherosclerosis: Focus on polarization, apoptosis and efferocytosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
23
|
Real F, Zhu A, Huang B, Belmellat A, Sennepin A, Vogl T, Ransy C, Revol M, Arrigucci R, Lombès A, Roth J, Gennaro ML, Bouillaud F, Cristofari S, Bomsel M. S100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5956. [PMID: 36220814 PMCID: PMC9553955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in cell reservoirs, established not only in circulatory CD4+T-cells but also in tissue-resident macrophages. The nature of macrophage reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence despite combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) remain unclear. Using genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals, we evaluated the implication of macrophage immunometabolic pathways in HIV-1 persistence. We demonstrate that ex vivo, macrophage tissue reservoirs contain transcriptionally active HIV-1 and viral particles accumulated in virus-containing compartments, and harbor an inflammatory IL-1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype prone to glycolysis. Reactivation of infectious virus production and release from these reservoirs in vitro are induced by the alarmin S100A8, an endogenous factor produced by M4-macrophages and implicated in “sterile” inflammation. This process metabolically depends on glycolysis. Altogether, inflammatory M4-macrophages form a major tissue reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1, which reactivate viral production upon autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolytic stimulation. This HIV-1 persistence pathway needs to be targeted in future HIV eradication strategies. HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in different cell reservoirs, including circulatory CD4+ T-cells and tissue-resident macrophages. Here, by analyzing male genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV1-infected individuals, Real et al. show that M4 macrophages represent the major macrophage HIV-1 reservoir in this tissue. These macrophages have an inflammatory IL1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype, and contain transcriptionally active HIV-1, which reactivate infectious virus production from viral latency in response to autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Real
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Boxin Huang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ania Belmellat
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Sennepin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline Ransy
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Revol
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Anne Lombès
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology and Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sarra Cristofari
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV and Mucosal Immunity, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France. .,Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scisciola L, Cataldo V, Taktaz F, Fontanella RA, Pesapane A, Ghosh P, Franzese M, Puocci A, De Angelis A, Sportiello L, Marfella R, Barbieri M. Anti-inflammatory role of SGLT2 inhibitors as part of their anti-atherosclerotic activity: Data from basic science and clinical trials. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1008922. [PMID: 36148061 PMCID: PMC9485634 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1008922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease leading to mortality and morbidity in the civilized world. Atherosclerosis manifests as an accumulation of plaques in the intimal layer of the arterial wall that, by its subsequent erosion or rupture, triggers cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Indeed, Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and its associated-cardiovascular complications than non-diabetic patients. Sodium-glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel anti-diabetic drugs, have a surprising advantage in cardiovascular effects, such as reducing cardiovascular death in a patient with or without diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that atherosclerosis is due to a significant inflammatory burden and that SGLT2i may play a role in inflammation. In fact, several experiment results have demonstrated that SGLT2i, with suppression of inflammatory mechanism, slows the progression of atherosclerosis. Therefore, SGLT2i may have a double benefit in terms of glycemic control and control of the atherosclerotic process at a myocardial and vascular level. This review elaborates on the anti-inflammatory effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Scisciola
| | - Vittoria Cataldo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Taktaz
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Puja Ghosh
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Franzese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Puocci
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Liberata Sportiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kawai K, Vozenilek AE, Kawakami R, Sato Y, Ghosh SKB, Virmani R, Finn AV. Understanding the role of alternative macrophage phenotypes in human atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:689-705. [PMID: 35942866 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis-based ischemic heart disease is still the primary cause of death throughout the world. Over the past decades there has been no significant changes in the therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis, which are mainly based on lipid lowering therapies and management of comorbid conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. The involvement of macrophages in atherosclerosis has been recognized for decades. More recently, a more detailed and sophisticated understanding of their various phenotypes and roles in the atherosclerotic process has been recognized. This new data is revealing how specific subtypes of macrophage-induced inflammation may have distinct effects on atherosclerosis progression and may provide new approaches for treatment, based upon targeting of specific macrophage subtypes. AREAS COVERED We will comprehensively review the spectrum of macrophage phenotypes and how they contribute to atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. EXPERT OPINION Various signals derived from atherosclerotic lesions drive macrophages into complex subsets with different gene expression profiles, phenotypes, and functions, not all of which are understood. Macrophage phenotypes include those that enhance, heal, and regress the atherosclerotic lesions though various mechanisms. Targeting of specific macrophage phenotypes may provide a promising and novel approach to prevent atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aimee E Vozenilek
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Toribio M, Wilks MQ, Hedgire S, Lu MT, Cetlin M, Wang M, Alhallak I, Durbin CG, White KS, Wallis Z, Schnittman SR, Stanley TL, El-Fakhri G, Lee H, Autissier P, Zanni MV, Williams KC, Grinspoon SK. Increased Macrophage-Specific Arterial Infiltration Relates to Non-calcified Plaque and Systemic Immune Activation in People with HIV. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1823-1833. [PMID: 35856671 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent immune activation is thought to contribute to heightened atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk among people with HIV (PWH). METHODS Participants (≥18 years) with versus without HIV and without history of clinical ASCVD were enrolled. We hypothesized that increased macrophage-specific arterial infiltration would relate to plaque composition and systemic immune activation among PWH. We applied a novel targeted molecular imaging approach [technetium-99 m (99mTc)-tilmanocept single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT] and comprehensive immune phenotyping. RESULTS Aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake was significantly higher among PWH (N = 20) versus participants without HIV (N = 10) with similar 10-year ASCVD risk (P = 0.02). Among PWH, but not among participants without HIV, non-calcified aortic plaque volume related directly to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake at different uptake thresholds. An interaction (P = 0.001) was seen between HIV status and non-calcified plaque volume, but not calcified plaque (P = 0.83). Systemic levels of caspase-1 (P = 0.004), CD14-CD16+ (non-classical/patrolling/homing) monocytes (P = 0.0004) and CD8+ T-cells (P = 0.005) related positively and CD4+/CD8 + T-cell ratio (P = 0.02) inversely to aortic 99mTc-tilmanocept uptake volume. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-specific arterial infiltration was higher among PWH and related to non-calcified aortic plaque volume only among PWH. Key systemic markers of immune activation relating to macrophage-specific arterial infiltration may contribute to heightened ASCVD risk among PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Toribio
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moses Q Wilks
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandeep Hedgire
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline Cetlin
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Wang
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claudia G Durbin
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S White
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Zoey Wallis
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Samuel R Schnittman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges El-Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Markella V Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang K, Ye Y, Huang L, Wu R, He R, Yao C, Wang S. The Long Non-coding RNA AC148477.2 Is a Novel Therapeutic Target Associated With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation of Femoral Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:954283. [PMID: 35872920 PMCID: PMC9297286 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.954283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) is a limb manifestation of large vessel atherosclerosis. Phenotype switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) occurs in the course of the pathological process. The underlying mechanism of SMCs proliferation remains unclear. Several studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) plays a pivotal part in the progression of ASO by exacerbating the proliferation of VSMCs. Based on the endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, the mechanism of lncRNAs involved in the pathology of VSMCs was exposed, while the entire map of the regulatory network remains to be elucidated. In the current study, genes and the lncRNAs modules that are relevant to the clinical trait were confirmed through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In this study, we comprehensively constructed a specific lncRNAs-mediated ceRNA and RBP network. The three lncRNAs, HMGA1P4, C5orf66, and AC148477.2, influenced the proliferation of VSMCs and were found to be associated with the immune landscape, thus they were ultimately screened out. Further verification revealed that AC147488.2 was significantly down-regulated in both ASO arteries and all stages of proliferative VSMCs, which implied that AC147488.2 might have a significant impact on ASO. This finding would improve our understanding of the epigenetic regulation of ASO and unravel novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchen Ye
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ridong Wu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhou He
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Yao,
| | - Shenming Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin Y, Qiu T, Wei G, Que Y, Wang W, Kong Y, Xie T, Chen X. Role of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852272. [PMID: 35280995 PMCID: PMC8908311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive reaction for external stimuli to the human body and generally accompanied by immune responses, which is associated with multiple diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, psoriasis, asthma, chronic lung diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple virus-associated diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of inflammation. Common epigenetic regulations are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression; among these, histone modifications embrace various post-modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and ADP ribosylation. This review focuses on the significant role of histone modifications in the progression of inflammatory diseases, providing the potential target for clinical therapy of inflammation-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guifeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Que
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jebari-Benslaiman S, Galicia-García U, Larrea-Sebal A, Olaetxea JR, Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K, Benito-Vicente A, Martín C. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063346. [PMID: 35328769 PMCID: PMC8954705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification), triggers the vessel narrowing and activation of inflammatory pathways. The resultant atheroma plaque, along with these processes, results in cardiovascular complications. This review focuses on the different stages of atherosclerosis development, ranging from endothelial dysfunction to plaque rupture. In addition, the post-transcriptional regulation and modulation of atheroma plaque by microRNAs and lncRNAs, the role of microbiota, and the importance of sex as a crucial risk factor in atherosclerosis are covered here in order to provide a global view of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
| | - Unai Galicia-García
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Larrea-Sebal
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Fundación Biofisika Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Iraide Alloza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Inflammation & Biomarkers Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Asier Benito-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| | - César Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (S.J.-B.); (I.A.); (K.V.)
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n., 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (U.G.-G.); (A.L.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-V.); (C.M.); Tel.: +34-946-01-2741 (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang H, Li H, Chen W, Mei Z, Yuan Y, Wang X, Chu L, Xu Y, Sun Y, Li D, Gao H, Zhan B, Li H, Yang X. Therapeutic Effect of Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin on Atherosclerotic Renal Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760980. [PMID: 34901005 PMCID: PMC8656285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation of the arterial vessel wall driven by lipid metabolism disorders. Although helminthic infection and their derivatives have been identified to attenuate the chronic inflammatory diseases, the immunomodulatory effect of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (rSj-Cys) on metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of rSj-Cys on atherosclerotic renal damage and explored the related immunological mechanism. The results demonstrated that treatment with rSj-Cys significantly reduced body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis induced by the high-fat diet in apoE–/– mice. The treatment of rSj-Cys also significantly improved kidney functions through promoting macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, therefore inhibiting M1 macrophage–induced inflammation. The possible mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of rSj-Cys on reducing atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic renal damage is that rSj-Cys stimulates regulatory T cell and M2 macrophage polarization that produce regulatory cytokines, such as interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β. The therapeutic effect of rSj-Cys on atherosclerotic renal damage is possibly through inhibiting the activation of TLR2/Myd88 signaling pathway. The results in this study provide evidence for the first time that Schistosoma-derived cystatin could be developed as a therapeutic agent to treat lipid metabolism disorder and atherosclerosis that threats million lives around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Department of Gerontology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijie Mei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dingru Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Farahi L, Sinha SK, Lusis AJ. Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785220. [PMID: 34899348 PMCID: PMC8660976 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may ultimately lead to local proteolysis, plaque rupture, and thrombotic vascular disease, resulting in myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Circulating monocytes are recruited to the arterial wall in response to inflammatory insults and differentiate into macrophages which make a critical contribution to tissue damage, wound healing, and also regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Within plaques, macrophages take up aggregated lipoproteins which have entered the vessel wall to give rise to cholesterol-engorged foam cells. Also, the macrophage phenotype is influenced by various stimuli which affect their polarization, efferocytosis, proliferation, and apoptosis. The heterogeneity of macrophages in lesions has recently been addressed by single-cell sequencing techniques. This article reviews recent advances regarding the roles of macrophages in different stages of disease pathogenesis from initiation to advanced atherosclerosis. Macrophage-based therapies for atherosclerosis management are also described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Farahi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miki S, Suzuki JI, Takashima M, Ishida M, Kokubo H, Yoshizumi M. S-1-Propenylcysteine promotes IL-10-induced M2c macrophage polarization through prolonged activation of IL-10R/STAT3 signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22469. [PMID: 34789834 PMCID: PMC8599840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that may lead to the development of serious cardiovascular diseases. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to ameliorate atherosclerosis, although its mode of action remains unclear. We found that AGE increased the mRNA or protein levels of arginase1 (Arg1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), CD206 and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) and decreased that of CD68, HIF1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the aorta and spleen of apolipoprotein E knockout mice. We also found that S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in AGE, increased the level of IL-10-induced Arg1 mRNA and the extent of M2c-like macrophage polarization in vitro. In addition, S1PC increased the population of M2c-like macrophages, resulting in suppressed the population of M1-like macrophages and decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects were accompanied by prolonged phosphorylation of the IL-10 receptor α (IL-10Rα) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that inhibited the interaction between IL-10Rα and Src homology-2-containing inositol 5’-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1). In addition, administration of S1PC elevated the M2c/M1 macrophage ratio in senescence-accelerated mice. These findings suggest that S1PC may help improve atherosclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory effect to promote IL-10-induced M2c macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan. .,Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan
| | - Miyuki Takashima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1624 Shimokotachi, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, 739-1195, Japan
| | - Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kokubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshizumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Montanaro M, Scimeca M, Toschi N, Bonanno E, Giacobbi E, Servadei F, Ippoliti A, Santeusanio G, Mauriello A, Anemona L. Effects of Risk Factors on In Situ Expression of Proinflammatory Markers Correlated to Carotid Plaque Instability. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:741-749. [PMID: 34039839 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several studies demonstrated a role of active chronic inflammatory infiltrate in carotid plaques progression suggesting a possible link between cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation-related plaque instability. The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate the possible effects of cardiovascular risk factors on in situ expression of proinflammatory markers associated with carotid plaque instability. METHODS AND RESULTS A tissue microarray containing carotid plaques from 36 symptomatic (major stroke or transient ischemic attack) and 37 asymptomatic patients was built. Serial sections were employed to evaluate the expression of some inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry [CD3, CD4a, CD8, CD20, CD86, CD163, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-17]. Immunohistochemical data were analyzed to study the possible associations between in situ expression of inflammatory biomarker and the main cardiovascular risk factors. Our data demonstrated that plaque instability is associated with the high in situ expression of some cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-17. Besides the female sex, none of the risk factors analyzed showed a significant association between the in situ expression of these markers and unstable plaques. A significant increase of IL-6-positive and IL-17-positive cells was observed in unstable atheromatous plaques of female patients, as compared with unstable plaques of male patients. CONCLUSIONS Plaque destabilization is certainly correlated with the presence of the major cardiovascular risk factors, however, our results showed that, with the exception of sex, their action in the evolutive process of plaque instability seems rather nonspecific, favoring a general release of proinflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Departments of Experimental Medicine
- University of San Raffaele
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"
- Imaging Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanya RE, Nalwoga A, Grencis RK, Elliott AM, Webb EL, Andia Biraro I. Profiles of inflammatory markers and their association with cardiometabolic parameters in rural and urban Uganda. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16651.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation may be one of the pathways explaining differences in cardiometabolic risk between urban and rural residents. We investigated associations of inflammatory markers with rural versus urban residence, and with selected cardiometabolic parameters previously observed to differ between rural and urban residents: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI). Methods: From two community surveys conducted in Uganda, 313 healthy individuals aged ≥ 10 years were selected by age- and sex-stratified random sampling (rural Lake Victoria island communities, 212; urban Entebbe municipality, 101). Fluorescence intensities of plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay. We used linear regression to examine associations between the analytes and rural-urban residence and principal component analysis (PCA) to further investigate patterns in the relationships. Correlations between analytes and metabolic parameters were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The urban setting had higher mean levels of IL-5 (3.27 vs 3.14, adjusted mean difference [95% confidence interval] 0.12[0.01,0.23] p=0.04), IFN-⍺ (26.80 vs 20.52, 6.30[2.18,10.41] p=0.003), EGF (5.67 vs 5.07, 0.60[0.32,0.98] p<0.00001), VEGF (3.68 vs 3.28, 0.40[0.25,0.56] p<0.00001), CD40 Ligand (4.82 vs 4.51, 0.31[0.12, 0.50] p=0.001) and Serpin-E1 (9.57 vs 9.46, 0.11[0.05,0.17] p<0.00001), but lower levels of GMCSF (2.94 vs 3.05, -0.10[-0.19,-0.02] p=0.02), CCL2 (2.82 vs 3.10, -0.45[-0.70,-0.21] p<0.00001) and CXCL10 (5.48 vs 5.96, -0.49[-0.71,-0.27] p<0.00001), compared to the rural setting. In PCA, the urban setting had lower representation of some classical inflammatory mediators but higher representation of various chemoattractants and vasoactive peptides. HOMA-IR, FBG, BP and BMI were positively correlated with several principal components characterised by pro-inflammatory analytes. Conclusions: In developing countries, immunological profiles differ between rural and urban environments. Differential expression of certain pro-inflammatory mediators may have important health consequences including contributing to increased cardiometabolic risk observed in the urban environment.
Collapse
|
35
|
Xue X, Deng Y, Wang J, Zhou M, Liao L, Wang C, Peng C, Li Y. Hydroxysafflor yellow A, a natural compound from Carthamus tinctorius L with good effect of alleviating atherosclerosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153694. [PMID: 34403879 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis. Its serious consequence is insufficient blood supply to heart and brain, which eventually leads to myocardial ischemia, infarction and stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a single chalcone glycoside compound with a variety of pharmacological effects, which has shown a potential biological activity for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. PURPOSE The main purpose of this review is to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of HSYA on atherosclerosis and its risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus). METHOD The literatures on HSYA in the treatment of atherosclerosis and its risk factors were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, including in vitro (cell), in vivo (animal) and clinical (human) studies, and summarized reasonably. RESULTS HSYA is a promising natural product for treating atherosclerosis. It can suppress foam cell formation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. The mechanisms are achieved by regulating the reverse cholesterol transport process, fatty acid synthesis, oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3 inflammasome, TNFR1/NF-κB, NO-cGMP, Bax/Bcl-2, MAPKs, CDK/CyclinD and TLR4/Rac1/Akt signaling pathways. Besides, HSYA is devoted to lowering blood lipids, regulating ion channels, reducing vascular inflammation, and protecting pancreatic beta cells, which is conducive to reducing the harm of independent risk factors of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS HSYA exhibits the preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis and its risk factors in vivo and in vitro, which is relevant to multiple mechanisms. The clinical trials of HSYA need to be further investigated to provide a solid foundation for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang Q, He J, Xu F, Huang X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu J. Supramolecular copolymer modified statin-loaded discoidal rHDLs for atherosclerotic anti-inflammatory therapy by cholesterol efflux and M2 macrophage polarization. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6153-6168. [PMID: 34346410 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Foam cells with the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) play an essential role in atherosclerosis progression. Either cellular cholesterol removal or drug intervention was reported to polarize M1 into the anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) for atherosclerosis regression. These might be realized simultaneously by drug-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (d-rHDLs) with the functions of cellular cholesterol efflux and targeted drug delivery on macrophages. However, cholesterol reception can drive the remodelling of d-rHDLs, which serves to release drugs specifically in the atherosclerotic plaque but might incur premature drug leakage in blood circulation. Given that, the proposed strategy is to inhibit the remodelling behaviour of the carrier in blood circulation and responsively accelerate it under the atherosclerotic microenvironmental stimulus. Herein, atorvastatin calcium-loaded d-rHDL was modified by a PEGylated ferrocene/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular copolymer (PF/TC) to construct ROS-responsive PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL, which is expected to possess plasma stability and biosafety as well as triggered drug release by cholesterol efflux promotion. As a result, PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL could responsively dissemble into β-cyclodextrin modified AT-d-rHDL under the ROS-triggered dissociation of PF/TC, therefore exhibiting increased cholesterol efflux from the cholesterol donor and drug release through the remodelling behaviour of the carrier in vitro. Moreover, PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL enhanced cellular cholesterol removal in foam cells after response to ROS, inhibiting intracellular lipid deposition compared with other d-rHDL carriers. Interestingly, cellular drug uptake was significantly promoted upon cellular cholesterol removal by restoring the permeability and fluidity of foam cell membranes as indicated by flow cytometry and fluorescence polarization analysis, respectively. Importantly, compared with untreated foam cells, PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL obviously increased the ratio of M2/M1 by 6.3-fold, which was even higher than the effect of PF/TC-d-rHDL (3.4-fold) and free drugs (1.9-fold), revealing that PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL synergistically promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages. Accordingly, PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL boosted the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited that of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, PF/TC-AT-d-rHDL exerted synergistic M2 polarization effects on foam cells for atherosclerotic immunomodulatory therapy via responsively mediating cholesterol efflux and delivering drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Xinya Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Patel S, Werstuck G. Characterizing the Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α/β in Macrophage Polarization and the Regulation of Pro-Atherogenic Pathways in Cultured Ldlr -/- Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676752. [PMID: 34394077 PMCID: PMC8361494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms that link cardiovascular risk factors to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis are not understood. Recent findings from our laboratory indicate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling through glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β induces pro-atherosclerotic pathways. The objective of this study was to define the specific roles of GSK3α and GSK3β in the activation of pro-atherogenic processes in macrophages. Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) were isolated from low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/-) mice and Ldlr-/- mice with myeloid deficiency of GSK3α and/or GSK3β. M1 and M2 macrophages were used to examine functions relevant to the development of atherosclerosis, including polarization, inflammatory response, cell viability, lipid accumulation, migration, and metabolism. GSK3α deficiency impairs M1 macrophage polarization, and reduces the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation, but increases macrophage mobility/migration. GSK3β deficiency promotes M1 macrophage polarization, which further increases the inflammatory response and lipid accumulation, but decreases macrophage migration. Macrophages deficient in both GSK3α and GSK3β exhibit increased cell viability, proliferation, and metabolism. These studies begin to delineate the specific roles of GSK3α and GSK3β in macrophage polarization and function. These data suggest that myeloid cell GSK3α signaling regulates M1 macrophage polarization and pro-atherogenic functions to promote atherosclerosis development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvatit Patel
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
39
|
Cord-Blood-Derived Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells: Functions and Applications in Current and Prospective Cell Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115923. [PMID: 34072923 PMCID: PMC8199409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells, particularly for patients lacking a matching donor. UCB provides practical advantages, including a lower risk of graft-versus-host-disease and permissive human leukocyte antigen mismatching. These advantageous properties have so far been applied for stem cell, mesenchymal stromal cell, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. However, UCB-derived professional antigen-presenting cells are increasingly being utilized in the context of immune tolerance and regenerative therapy. Here, we review the cell-specific characteristics as well as recent advancements in UCB-based cell therapies focusing on dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and macrophages.
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu L, Li Q, Yin J, Zhao Z, Sun L, Ran Q, Du X, Wang Y, Li Y, Yang Q, Chen Y, Weng X, Cai W, Zhu X. ShenLian Extract Enhances TGF-β Functions in the Macrophage-SMC Unit and Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaques. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669730. [PMID: 34122091 PMCID: PMC8193129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Macrophage polarization and phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are multi-faceted events dominating atherosclerosis (AS) progression. TGF-β was proved to been one of the bridge on the crosstalk between macrophage and SMC. ShenLian (SL) was extracted from a potent anti-atherosclerotic formula. However, its exact mechanism rebalancing inflammatory microenvironment of AS remain largely unknown. Within the entirety of macrophage and SMC, this study investigated the pharmacological effects of SL on stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Methods: The main components of SL were examined by high performance liquid chromatography. Co-culture and conditioned medium models of macrophage/SMC interactions were designed to identify the relationship between macrophage polarization and switching of SMC phenotypes. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, RT-PCR, western blotting, and ELISA were used to determine the expression of molecules relating to AS progression. An atherosclerosis animal model, established by placing a perivascular collar on the right common carotid artery in ApoE−/− mice, was used to investigate whether TGF-β is the key molecular mediator of SL in crosstalk between macrophage and SMC. Plaque size was defined by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Key markers related to phenotypic transformation of macrophage and SMC were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Results revealed that, accompanied by rebalanced M2 macrophage polarization, SL supported SMC phenotypic transformation and functionally reconstruct the ECM of plaques specifically in macrophage-SMC co-cultural model. Molecularly, such activity of SL closely related to the activation of STAT3/SOCS3 pathway. Furthermore, in co-culture system, up-regulation of α-SMA induced by SL could neutralized by 1D11, a TGF-β neutralizing antibody, indicating that SL mediated Macrophage-SMC communication by enhancing TGF-β. In the AS model constructed by ApoE−/− mice, effects of SL on phenotypic transformation of macrophage and SMC has been well verified. Specific blocking of TGF-β largely attenuated the aforementioned effects of SL. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that TGF-β might be the responsive factor of SL within macrophage and SMC communication. This study revealed that crosstalk between macrophage and SMC forms a holistic entirety promoting atherosclerotic plaque stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsen Ran
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinke Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Genetic deficiency of Phactr1 promotes atherosclerosis development via facilitating M1 macrophage polarization and foam cell formation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2353-2368. [PMID: 32857129 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in phosphatase and actin regulator-1 (Phactr1) are reported to be associated with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the function of Phactr1 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled and divided into non-ST segment elevation (NST-ACS) group and ST-ACS group. The expression of Phactr1 on monocytes was higher in NST-ACS and ST-ACS groups as compared with control group. Furthermore, NST-ACS patients who have more vulnerable features including thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and large lipid area showed higher levels of Phactr1 on monocytes than those with stable plaques. Through mouse models of atherosclerosis, Phactr1-/-Apoe-/- mice (double knockout mice, DKO) developed more severe atherosclerotic plaques, recruiting more macrophages into subendothelium and having elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in plaques. Similarly, Apoe knockout mice (Apoe-/-) receiving DKO bone marrow (BM) exhibited elevated plaque burden compared with Apoe-/- mice receiving Apoe-/- BM, indicating the protective effect of Phactr1 in hematopoietic cells. We found that depletion of Phactr1 in BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) tended to differentiate into M1 phenotype, produced more proatherogenic cytokines and eventually converted into foam cells driven by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Mechanistically, Phactr1 activated CREB signaling via directly binding to CREB, up-regulating CREB phosphorylation and inducing KLF4 expression. Finally, overexpression of KLF4 partly rescued the excessive inflammation response and foam cell formation induced by deficiency of Phactr1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that elevated Phactr1 in monocytes is a promising biomarker for vulnerable plaques, while increased Phactr1 attenuates atherosclerotic development via activation of CREB and M2 macrophage differentiation.
Collapse
|
42
|
Szabo-Pardi TA, Syed UM, Castillo ZW, Burton MD. Use of Integrated Optical Clearing and 2-Photon Imaging to Investigate Sex Differences in Neuroimmune Interactions After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624201. [PMID: 34178976 PMCID: PMC8221108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces a myriad of immune-derived symptoms that negatively impacts pain, depression, and overall quality of life. Neuroimmune differences underlie sexual dimorphisms in various pain states. The innate immune system is a source of these sex differences, which promotes inflammation and pro-nociception through bidirectional signaling with the nervous system. Spatiotemporal interactions between leukocytes and sensory neurons could hold the key to explain ascribed differences between sexes. To date, studies have found it difficult to display these interactions. We are poised to answer important questions regarding the recruitment of peripheral leukocytes to key tissues of the pain system, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve after nerve injury. We optically clear whole DRGs and sciatic nerves and concomitantly use multi-photon microscopy and transgenic reporter lines, to visualize leukocyte dynamics involved in neuropathic pain development following nerve injury. We observed robust sexual dimorphisms in leukocyte recruitment to the lumbar DRGs after nerve injury. We also assessed immune cell size and morphology to understand activation states in the context of nervous tissue inflammation. The altered mechanisms by which the male and female immune systems respond to nerve injury are still topics of further research, however; the continued use of next-generation imaging with advanced whole tissue image analysis remains an important tool in understanding the reciprocal interactions between neuronal and non-neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael D. Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhu Y, Tian Y, Wang N, Chang Y, Xue C, Wang J. Structure-function relationship analysis of fucoidan from sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa) on ameliorating metabolic inflammation. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13500. [PMID: 33300146 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure-function relationships of sea cucumber fucoidan has been seldom investigated. In this study, the effect of fucoidan which extracted from sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Ht-FUC) with different molecular weight and chain conformation (Ht1/2/3/4) in metabolic inflammation was investigated. A co-cultured system comprising adipocytes and macrophages was used to explore the impact in vitro. The high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFD)-fed obese mice model was established to verified the effect of Ht-FUC in vivo. The results demonstrated that all examined Ht-FUC attenuated the productions of inflammatory cytokines, promoted the M2 phenotypic polarization of co-cultured macrophage by activating PPARγ. Furthermore Ht-FUC impressed lipolysis of the co-cultured adipocytes by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-dependent pathway. In vivo, Ht-FUC especially reduced serum inflammation level, attenuated M1/M2 polarization of liver Kupffer cells, and attenuated inflammatory infiltration of epididymal adipose tissue. Consistently, Ht3 played the best effect, and may be more beneficial for the intervention of metabolic disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, the structure-function relationships of fucoidan extracted from Holothuria tubulosa (Ht-FUC) on ameliorating metabolic inflammation was investigated for the first time. In this research, we reported that Ht-FUC ameliorating metabolic inflammation by improving FFA-induced macrophage polarization and lipolysis in both co-cultured system and obese mice. The study provides some theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of Ht-FUC with different molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (ML) with diverse clinical manifestations, which are strongly correlated with the host's immune response. Skin lesions may be accompanied by peripheral neural damage, leading to sensory and motor losses, as well as deformities of the hands and feet. Both innate and acquired immune responses are involved, but the disease has been classically described along a Th1/Th2 spectrum, where the Th1 pole corresponds to the most limited presentations and the Th2 to the most disseminated ones. We discuss this dichotomy in the light of current knowledge of cytokines, Th subpopulations and regulatory T cells taking part in each leprosy presentation. Leprosy reactions are associated with an increase in inflammatory activity both in limited and disseminated presentations, leading to a worsening of previous symptoms or the development of new symptoms. Despite the efforts of many research groups around the world, there is still no adequate serological test for diagnosis in endemic areas, hindering the eradication of leprosy in these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Angela Bianconcini Trindade
- Departamento de Patologia, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Imunodermatologia, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liao J, An X, Yang X, Lin QY, Liu S, Xie Y, Bai J, Xia YL, Li HH. Deficiency of LMP10 Attenuates Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage Polarization and Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592048. [PMID: 33195259 PMCID: PMC7644912 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization and inflammation are key factors for the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The immunoproteasome complex consists of three inducible catalytic subunits (LMP2, LMP10, and LMP7) that play a critical role in the regulation of these risk factors. We recently demonstrated that the LMP7 subunit promotes diet-induced atherosclerosis via inhibition of MERTK-mediated efferocytosis. Here, we explored the role of another subunit of LMP10 in the disease process, using ApoE knockout (ko) mice fed on an atherogenic diet (ATD) containing 0.5% cholesterol and 20% fat for 8 weeks as an in vivo atherosclerosis model. We observed that ATD significantly upregulated LMP10 expression in aortic lesions, which were primarily co-localized with plaque macrophages. Conversely, deletion of LMP10 markedly attenuated atherosclerotic lesion area, CD68+ macrophage accumulation, and necrotic core expansion in the plaques, but did not change plasma metabolic parameters, lesional SM22α+ smooth muscle cells, or collagen content. Myeloid-specific deletion of LMP10 by bone marrow transplantation resulted in similar phenotypes. Furthermore, deletion of LMP10 remarkably reduced aortic macrophage infiltration and increased M2/M1 ratio, accompanied by decreased expression of pro-inflammatory M1 cytokines (MCP-1, IL-1, and IL-6) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory M2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, we confirmed in cultured macrophages that LMP10 deletion blunted macrophage polarization and inflammation during ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation in vitro, which was associated with decreased IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation. Our results show that the immunoproteasome subunit LMP10 promoted diet-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE ko mice possibly through regulation of NF-κB-mediated macrophage polarization and inflammation. Targeting LMP10 may represent a new therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangbo An
- Department of Interventional Therapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gossner A, Hassan MA. Transcriptional Analyses Identify Genes That Modulate Bovine Macrophage Response to Toxoplasma Infection and Immune Stimulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:437. [PMID: 33014886 PMCID: PMC7508302 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is highly prevalent among livestock species. Although cattle are generally resistant to Toxoplasma strains circulating in Europe and North America, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that bovine bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) pre-stimulated with interferon gamma (IFNγ) restricts intracellular Toxoplasma growth independently of nitric oxide. While Toxoplasma promoted the expression of genes associated with alternative macrophage activation and lipid metabolism, IFNγ abrogated parasite-induced transcriptional responses and promoted the expression of genes linked to the classical macrophage activation phenotype. Additionally, several chemokines, including CCL22, that are linked to parasite-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling were highly expressed in Toxoplasma-exposed naïve BMDMs. A chemical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway antagonist (IWR-1-endo) significantly reduced intracellular parasite burden in naïve BMDMs, suggesting that Toxoplasma activates this pathway to evade bovine macrophage anti-parasitic responses. Congruently, intracellular burden of a mutant Toxoplasma strain (RHΔASP5) that does not secrete dense granule proteins into the host cell, which is an essential requirement for parasite-induced activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was significantly reduced in naïve BMDMs. However, both the Wnt/β-catenin antagonist and RHASPΔ5 did not abolish parasite burden differences in naïve and IFNγ-stimulated BMDMs. Finally, we observed that parasites infecting IFNγ-stimulated BMDMs largely express genes associated with the slow dividing bradyzoite stage. Overall, this study provides novel insights into bovine macrophage transcriptional response to Toxoplasma. It establishes a foundation for a mechanistic analysis IFNγ-induced bovine anti-Toxoplasma responses and the counteracting Toxoplasma survival strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gossner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Musa A Hassan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Biomimetic 3D Models for Investigating the Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030113. [PMID: 32947976 PMCID: PMC7552756 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the inflammation of artery walls due to the accumulation of lipids, is the most common underlying cause for cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes and macrophages are major cells that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, an accumulation of LDL-laden macrophages (foam cells) and an alteration in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization leads to a local vessel stiffening. Current in vitro models are carried out onto two-dimensional tissue culture plastic and cannot replicate the relevant microenvironments. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices that allowed us to mimic the ECM stiffening during atherosclerosis by increasing collagen density. First, human monocytic THP-1 cells were embedded into 3D collagen matrices reconstituted at low and high density. Cells were subsequently differentiated into uncommitted macrophages (M0) and further activated into pro- (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. In order to mimic atherosclerotic conditions, cells were cultured in the presence of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and analyzed in terms of oxLDL uptake capability and relevant receptors along with their cytokine secretomes. Although oxLDL uptake and larger lipid size could be observed in macrophages in a matrix dependent manner, monocytes showed higher numbers of oxLDL uptake cells. By analyzing major oxLDL uptake receptors, both monocytes and macrophages expressed lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1), while enhanced expression of scavenger receptor CD36 could be observed only in M2. Notably, by analyzing the secretome of macrophages exposed to oxLDL, we demonstrated that the cells could, in fact, secrete adipokines and growth factors in distinct patterns. Besides, oxLDL appeared to up-regulate MHCII expression in all cells, while an up-regulation of CD68, a pan-macrophage marker, was found only in monocytes, suggesting a possible differentiation of monocytes into a pro-inflammatory macrophage. Overall, our work demonstrated that collagen density in the plaque could be one of the major factors driving atherosclerotic progression via modulation of monocyte and macrophages behaviors.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lu S, Luo Y, Sun G, Sun X. Ginsenoside Compound K Attenuates Ox-LDL-Mediated Macrophage Inflammation and Foam Cell Formation via Autophagy Induction and Modulating NF-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:567238. [PMID: 33041808 PMCID: PMC7522510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.567238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major reason for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation are the key pathological processes of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a metabolite derived from ginseng. CK has anti atherosclerotic effect, but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. We aim to explore the protective effect of CK against ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses and foam cells formation in vitro and explore its potential mechanisms. Through the results of oil red O staining, Western blot, and qPCR, we found that CK significantly inhibited the foam cell formation, reduced the expression of SR-A1 and increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. In addition, CK increased the number of autophagosomes and upregulated the LC3II/LC3I ratio and the expressions of ATG5 and Beclin-1 but decreased p62 expression. Moreover, CK significantly inhibited the NF-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathway. Altogether, CK attenuated macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation via autophagy induction and by modulating NF-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling. Thus, CK has potential as a therapeutic drug for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - GuiBo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoBo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu B, Boakye‐Yiadom KO, Yu W, Yuan Z, Ho W, Xu X, Zhang X. Nanomedicine Approaches for Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis and Related Ischemic Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000336. [PMID: 32597562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. In response to this and other worldwide health epidemics, nanomedicine has emerged as a rapidly evolving discipline that involves the development of innovative nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in therapy and diagnosis. Nanomedicine presents unique advantages over conventional medicines due to the superior properties intrinsic to nanoscopic therapies. Once used mainly for cancer therapies, recently, tremendous progress has been made in nanomedicine that has led to an overall improvement in the treatment and diagnosis of CVDs. This review elucidates the pathophysiology and potential targets of atherosclerosis and associated ischemic diseases. It may be fruitful to pursue future work in the nanomedicine-mediated treatment of CVDs based on these targets. A comprehensive overview is then provided featuring the latest preclinical and clinical outcomes in cardiovascular imaging, biomarker detection, tissue engineering, and nanoscale delivery, with specific emphasis on nanoparticles, nanostructured scaffolds, and nanosensors. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding the future development and clinical translation of nanomedicine in related fields are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a deep and thorough understanding of the design, application, and future development of nanomedicine for atherosclerosis and related ischemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Kofi Oti Boakye‐Yiadom
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Wei Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Xue‐Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|