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Soloviev A, Sydorenko V. Oxidative and Nitrous Stress Underlies Vascular Malfunction Induced by Ionizing Radiation and Diabetes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09878-x. [PMID: 38916845 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in quantities exceeding the potential activity of the body's antioxidant system and is one of the risk factors for the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetes and exposure to ionizing radiation. Being the secondary products of normal aerobic metabolism in living organisms, ROS and RNS act as signaling molecules that play an important role in the regulation of vital organism functions. Meanwhile, in high concentrations, these compounds are toxic and disrupt various metabolic pathways. The various stress factors (hyperglycemia, gamma-irradiation, etc.) trigger free oxygen and nitrogen radicals accumulation in cells that are capable to damage almost all cellular components including ion channels and transporters such as Na+/K+-ATPase, BKCa, and TRP channels. Vascular dysfunctions are governed by interaction of ROS and RNS. For example, the reaction of ROS with NO produces peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which not only oxidizes DNA, cellular proteins, and lipids, but also disrupts important signaling pathways that regulate the cation channel functions in the vascular endothelium. Further increasing in ROS levels and formation of ONOO- leads to reduced NO bioavailability and causes endothelial dysfunction. Thus, imbalance of ROS and RNS and their affect on membrane ion channels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction associated with various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Soloviev
- Department for Pharmacology of Cellular Signaling Systems and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Vadym Sydorenko
- Department for Pharmacology of Cellular Signaling Systems and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Kitamura Y, Oikawa S, Chang J, Mori Y, Ichihara G, Ichihara S. Carbonylated Proteins as Key Regulators in the Progression of Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040844. [PMID: 37107219 PMCID: PMC10135001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the known role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic syndrome, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with immunochemical detection of protein carbonyls (2D-Oxyblot) to characterize the carbonylated proteins induced by oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats/NDmcr-cp (CP), an animal model of metabolic syndrome. We also profiled the proteins that showed change of expression levels in their epididymal adipose tissue at the pre-symptomatic (6-week-old) and the symptomatic (25-week-old) stages of the metabolic syndrome. Two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) was used to analyze proteins extracted from the epididymal adipose tissue. The up-regulated proteins identified at the pre-symptomatic stage were mainly associated with ATP production and redox reaction, while the down-regulated proteins found at the symptomatic stage were involved in antioxidant activity and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Further analysis using the 2D-Oxyblot showed significantly high carbonylation levels of gelsolin and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] at the symptomatic stage. These results suggest that reduced antioxidant capacity underlies the increased oxidative stress state in the metabolic syndrome. The identified carbonylated proteins, including gelsolin, are potential targets that may act as key regulators in the progression of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitamura
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Jie Chang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Maruyama-Fumoto K, McGuire JJ, Fairlie DP, Shinozuka K, Kagota S. Activation of protease-activated receptor 2 is associated with blood pressure regulation and proteinuria reduction in metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:211-220. [PMID: 33124085 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of kidney disease. In SHRSP.Z-Leprfa /IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with MetS, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-mediated vasorelaxation is preserved in the aorta at 20 weeks of age (weeks) via enhancement of nitric oxide production but impaired at 30 weeks by oxidative stress. However, impairment of PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation of renal arteries and its possible implications for kidney disease are unclear. We used organ baths to assess PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation of isolated renal arteries, colorimetric methods to measure urinary protein levels as an index of renal function, and western blot to determine expression of PAR2 and nephrin proteins in the kidneys of SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks. We assessed renal arteries and kidney function for effects of orally administered GB88, a pathway-dependent PAR2 antagonist, from 10 to 18 weeks, and azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, from 13 to 23 weeks. PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation was slightly lower at 20 weeks and attenuated significantly at 30 weeks compared with those at 10 weeks. Urinary protein levels were increased at 20 and 30 weeks. Decreased protein expression of PAR2 and nephrin in the kidney were observed at 30 weeks. Administration of GB88 increased blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria. Azilsartan reduced the high BP and the impaired PAR2-mediated vasorelaxation, but did not restore the increase in urinary protein levels and decreased PAR2 and nephrin protein expression in the kidney. PAR2 activation in the kidney may be associated with maintenance of BP and urinary protein excretion in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Maruyama-Fumoto
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - John J McGuire
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Dao VTV, Elbatreek MH, Deile M, Nedvetsky PI, Güldner A, Ibarra-Alvarado C, Gödecke A, Schmidt HHHW. Non-canonical chemical feedback self-limits nitric oxide-cyclic GMP signaling in health and disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10012. [PMID: 32561822 PMCID: PMC7305106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP (cGMP) signaling is a vasoprotective pathway therapeutically targeted, for example, in pulmonary hypertension. Its dysregulation in disease is incompletely understood. Here we show in pulmonary artery endothelial cells that feedback inhibition by NO of the NO receptor, the cGMP forming soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), may contribute to this. Both endogenous NO from endothelial NO synthase and exogenous NO from NO donor compounds decreased sGC protein and activity. This effect was not mediated by cGMP as the NO-independent sGC stimulator, or direct activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase did not mimic it. Thiol-sensitive mechanisms were also not involved as the thiol-reducing agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine did not prevent this feedback. Instead, both in-vitro and in-vivo and in health and acute respiratory lung disease, chronically elevated NO led to the inactivation and degradation of sGC while leaving the heme-free isoform, apo-sGC, intact or even increasing its levels. Thus, NO regulates sGC in a bimodal manner, acutely stimulating and chronically inhibiting, as part of self-limiting direct feedback that is cGMP independent. In high NO disease conditions, this is aggravated but can be functionally recovered in a mechanism-based manner by apo-sGC activators that re-establish cGMP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Martin Deile
- Primary Care Center, Altenberger Str. 27, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel I Nedvetsky
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Medical Clinic D, Medical Cell Biology, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Güldner
- Residency Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - César Ibarra-Alvarado
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, MeHNS, FHML, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Enhanced Vasodilation in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Apelin and N-Acetyl⁻l-Cysteine-Sensitive Factor(s). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010106. [PMID: 30597883 PMCID: PMC6337496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can regulate vascular tone. In mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats (SHRSP.ZF) with metabolic syndrome, vascular dysfunction is compensated by PVAT-dependent mechanisms that disappear with increasing age. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of the age-related changes and responsible factor(s) involved in the enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF. Acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations of isolated arteries were greater with PVAT than without PVAT at 17 and 20 weeks of age (wks), and as expected, this enhancement by the presence of PVAT disappeared at 23 wks. PVAT mRNA levels of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-associated protein was less and AT1 receptor was unchanged at 23 wks when compared to 20 wks. At 20 wks, the enhanced acetylcholine-induced relaxation by the presence of PVAT was inhibited by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Acetylcholine-induced relaxation of arteries without PVAT was increased in the presence of exogenously added apelin. PVAT mRNA level of apelin was higher in SHRSP.ZF than in control Wistar-Kyoto rats, and the level was decreased with aging. These results suggest that AT1 receptor activation in PVAT, and changes in the regulation of apelin and a NAC-sensitive factor are related to the age-dependent deterioration of the vasodilation enhancing effects of mesenteric arterial PVAT in SHRSP.ZF.
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Kagota S, Iwata S, Maruyama K, Wakuda H, Shinozuka K. Functional Relationship between Arterial Tissue and Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 136:693-7. [PMID: 27150921 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex of disorders that includes visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. It is characterized by an increased risk for serious cardiovascular events. Adipocytes are now recognized to contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications in metabolic syndrome via the release of several bioactive substances (adipocytokines). Obesity induces an increase in the volume of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which is located outside the blood vessels. In recent years, PVAT has been reported to produce/release vasoactive adipocytokines. Thus, PVAT can modulate vasomotor function by releasing vasorelaxing/vasocontracting factors, resulting in the development of cardiovascular disease due to metabolic syndrome. By using animal models (SHR/NDmcr-cp rats, SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr rats, and B6.BKS (D)-Lepr(fa)/J mice), we have demonstrated that chronic oxidative-nitrative stress is closely linked to the development of vascular dysfunction in response to nitric oxide (NO) in resistant arteries with increasing age/exposure to metabolic abnormalities. Further, our recent findings have led us to believe that PVAT helps in the regulation of vasodilation to compensate for the impaired vasodilation observed in pathophysiological conditions in the mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr rats. However, a breakdown of the compensatory system occurs with long-term exposure to metabolic abnormalities. We propose the concept of the functional regulation of vascular tissue by PVAT in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Klimentova J, Cebova M, Barta A, Matuskova Z, Vrankova S, Rehakova R, Kovacsova M, Pechanova O. Effect of melatonin on blood pressure and nitric oxide generation in rats with metabolic syndrome. Physiol Res 2017; 65:S373-S380. [PMID: 27775422 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a multitasking indolamine, seems to be involved in a variety of physiological and metabolic processes via both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent mechanisms. The aim of our study was to find out whether melatonin can affect blood pressure (BP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, eNOS and nNOS protein expressions in rats with metabolic syndrome (SHR/cp). Rats were divided into four groups: 6-week-old male WKY andSHR/cp and age-matched WKY and SHR/cp treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. BP was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography. NOS activity, eNOS and nNOS protein expressions were determined in the heart, aorta, brain cortex and cerebellum. MT(1) receptors were analyzed in the brain cortex and cerebellum. In SHR/cp rats, BP was decreased after melatonin treatment. In the same group, melatonin did not affect NOS activity and eNOS protein expression in the heart and aorta, while it increased both parameters in the brain cortex and cerebellum. Interestingly, melatonin elevated MT1 protein expression in the cerebellum. Neuronal NOS protein expression was not changed within the groups. In conclusion, increased NOS activity/eNOS upregulation in particular brain regions may contribute partially to BP decrease in SHR/cp rats after melatonin treatment. Participation of MT(1) receptors in this melatonin action may be supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Klimentova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Sharina IG, Martin E. The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Expression and Splicing of Nitric Oxide Receptor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:122-136. [PMID: 26972233 PMCID: PMC7061304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling is critical to many cellular functions and physiological processes. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) acts as an NO receptor and mediates the majority of NO functions. The signaling between NO and sGC is strongly altered by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Recent Advances: Besides NO scavenging, sGC is affected by oxidation/loss of sGC heme, oxidation, or nitrosation of cysteine residues and phosphorylation. Apo-sGC or sGC containing oxidized heme is targeted for degradation. sGC transcription and the stability of sGC mRNA are also affected by oxidative stress. CRITICAL ISSUES Studies cited in this review suggest the existence of compensatory processes that adapt cellular processes to diminished sGC function under conditions of short-term or moderate oxidative stress. Alternative splicing of sGC transcripts is discussed as a mechanism with the potential to both enhance and reduce sGC function. The expression of α1 isoform B, a functional and stable splice variant of human α1 sGC subunit, is proposed as one of such compensatory mechanisms. The expression of dysfunctional splice isoforms is discussed as a contributor to decreased sGC function in vascular disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Targeting the process of sGC splicing may be an important approach to maintain the composition of sGC transcripts that are expressed in healthy tissues under normal conditions. Emerging new strategies that allow for targeted manipulations of RNA splicing offer opportunities to use this approach as a preventive measure and to control the composition of sGC splice isoforms. Rational management of expressed sGC splice forms may be a valuable complementary treatment strategy for existing sGC-directed therapies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 122-136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraida G Sharina
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Emil Martin
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas.,2 School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University , Astana, Kazakhstan
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Wu T, Sun J, Kagota S, Maruyama K, Wakuda H, Shinozuka K. Panax notoginseng saponins ameliorate impaired arterial vasodilation in SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa) /lzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:459-67. [PMID: 26784885 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are major components of Panax notoginseng, a herb with established clinical efficacy against vascular diseases. SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa) /IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats, a new animal model for metabolic syndrome, display an impaired vasorelaxation response in aortas and mesenteric arteries that is mediated by nitric oxide (NO). This study investigated whether PNS and its components can ameliorate this vascular dysfunction in SHRSP.ZF rats. In an in vitro study, in the presence or absence of PNS and its components, vasodilation in response to nitroprusside was determined from myographs under isometric tension conditions in aortas and mesenteric arteries from male SHRSP.ZF rats at 18-20 weeks of age. In an in vivo study, PNS (30 mg/kg per day) was orally administered to SHRSP.ZF rats from 8 to 20 weeks of age. In vitro treatment with PNS and Ginsenoside Rb1 increased nitroprusside-induced relaxation of aortas and mesenteric arteries in SHRSP.ZF rats. The PNS-induced increase was not affected by a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor or endothelium denudation. Relaxation in response to a cell-permeable cGMP analogue was increased by PNS, but cGMP accumulation by nitroprusside was not altered. In vivo treatment with PNS in SHRSP.ZF rats lowered blood pressure and increased relaxation and the expression of soluble guanylyl cyclase protein in arteries, without affecting metabolic abnormalities. These results indicate that PNS causes an increase in vasodilation in response to NO and a decrease in blood pressure, resulting in protection against vascular dysfunction in SHRSP.ZF rats. PNS might be beneficial in alleviating impaired vasodilation in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianning Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kana Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Wakuda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Maruyama K, Kagota S, McGuire JJ, Wakuda H, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K. Age-related changes to vascular protease-activated receptor 2 in metabolic syndrome: a relationship between oxidative stress, receptor expression, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:356-364. [PMID: 28103056 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is expressed in vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) - cyclic GMP-mediated vasodilation in response to 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide (2fLIGRLO), a PAR2-activating peptide, is impaired in aortas from aged SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated mechanisms linking PAR2's vascular effects to phenotypic characteristics of male SHRSP.ZF rats at 10, 20, and 30 weeks of age. We found vasodilation responses to either 2fLIGRLO or enzyme-mediated PAR2 activation by trypsin were sustained until 20 weeks and lessened at 30 weeks. PAR2 protein and mRNA levels were lower in aortas at 30 weeks than at 10 and 20 weeks. PAR2-mediated responses positively correlated with PAR2 protein and mRNA levels. Decreased cGMP accumulation in the presence of 2fLIGRLO paralleled the decreased relaxations elicited by nitroprusside and the cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP, and the less soluble guanylyl cyclase protein at 30 weeks. 2fLIGRLO-induced relaxation was negatively correlated with serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, an index of oxidative stress, which increased with age. Forward stepwise data regression supported a model of age-related decreases in PAR2 function resulting from decreased PAR2 mRNA and increased oxidative stress. We conclude that decreased responsiveness of aortic smooth muscle to NO and downregulation of receptor expression impair PAR2 functions at later stages of metabolic syndrome in SHRSP.ZF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Maruyama
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Satomi Kagota
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - John J McGuire
- b Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Hirokazu Wakuda
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Noriko Yoshikawa
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakamura
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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Michel MC, Brunner HR, Foster C, Huo Y. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:1-81. [PMID: 27130806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin-angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after discontinuation of treatment. This translates into a reduced mortality, particularly in models exhibiting marked hypertension. The retrieved data on vascular, cardiac and renal function and morphology as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism are discussed to address three main questions: 1. Can ARB effects on blood vessels, heart, kidney and metabolic function be explained by blood pressure lowering alone or are they additionally directly related to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system? 2. Are they shared by other inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors? 3. Are some effects specific for one or more compounds within the ARB class? Taken together these data profile ARBs as a drug class with unique properties that have beneficial effects far beyond those on blood pressure reduction and, in some cases distinct from those of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The clinical relevance of angiotensin receptor-independent effects of some ARBs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Dept. Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Dept. Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany.
| | | | - Carolyn Foster
- Retiree from Dept. of Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yong Huo
- Dept. Cardiology & Heart Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Maruyama K, McGuire JJ, Shinozuka K, Kagota S. [Role/function of protease-activated receptor 2 on vascular endothelium in metabolic syndrome]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 147:135-138. [PMID: 26960771 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.147.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Maruyama K, Kagota S, McGuire JJ, Wakuda H, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K. Enhanced Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation via Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Is Involved in the Preserved Vasodilation in Aortas from Metabolic Syndrome Rats. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:232-43. [DOI: 10.1159/000442415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Maruyama K, Kagota S, Van Vliet BN, Wakuda H, Shinozuka K. A maternal high salt diet disturbs cardiac and vascular function of offspring. Life Sci 2015; 136:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Remesar X, Antelo A, Llivina C, Albà E, Berdié L, Agnelli S, Arriarán S, Fernández-López JA, Alemany M. Influence of a hyperlipidic diet on the composition of the non-membrane lipid pool of red blood cells of male and female rats. PeerJ 2015. [PMID: 26213652 PMCID: PMC4512764 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives. Red blood cells (RBC) are continuously exposed to oxidative agents, affecting their membrane lipid function. However, the amount of lipid in RBCs is higher than the lipids of the cell membrane, and includes triacylglycerols, which are no membrane components. We assumed that the extra lipids originated from lipoproteins attached to the cell surface, and we intended to analyse whether the size and composition of this lipid pool were affected by sex or diet. Experimental design. Adult male and female Wistar rats were fed control or cafeteria diets. Packed blood cells and plasma lipids were extracted and analysed for fatty acids by methylation and GC-MS, taking care of not extracting membrane lipids. Results. The absence of ω3-PUFA in RBC extracts (but not in plasma) suggest that the lipids extracted were essentially those in the postulated lipid surface pool and not those in cell membrane. In cells' extracts, there was a marked depletion of PUFA (and, in general, of insaturation). Fatty acid patterns were similar for all groups studied, with limited effects of sex and no effects of diet in RBC (but not in plasma) fatty acids. Presence of trans fatty acids was small but higher in RBC lipids, and could not be justified by dietary sources. Conclusions. The presence of a small layer of lipid on the RBC surface may limit oxidative damage to the cell outer structures, and help explain its role in the transport of lipophilic compounds. However, there may be other, so far uncovered, additional functions for this lipid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Remesar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; CIBER OBN , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Arantxa Antelo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; CIBER OBN , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clàudia Llivina
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Emma Albà
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lourdes Berdié
- Scientific & Technical Services, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Silvia Agnelli
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sofía Arriarán
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - José Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; CIBER OBN , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain ; CIBER OBN , Barcelona , Spain
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16
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Kagota S, Maruyama K, Wakuda H, McGuire JJ, Yoshikawa N, Nakamura K, Shinozuka K. Disturbance of vasodilation via protease-activated receptor 2 in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ichimura M, Kato S, Tsuneyama K, Matsutake S, Kamogawa M, Hirao E, Miyata A, Mori S, Yamaguchi N, Suruga K, Omagari K. Phycocyanin prevents hypertension and low serum adiponectin level in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2013; 33:397-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Kagota S, Maruyama K, Tada Y, Fukushima K, Umetani K, Wakuda H, Shinozuka K. Chronic oxidative-nitrosative stress impairs coronary vasodilation in metabolic syndrome model rats. Microvasc Res 2013; 88:70-8. [PMID: 23571030 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of clinical disorders that together increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats with MetS show impaired nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in coronary and mesenteric arteries, and angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers protect against dysfunction and oxidative-nitrosative stress independently of metabolic effects. We hypothesize that superoxide contributes to functional deterioration in SHRSP.ZF rats. To test our hypothesis, we studied effects of treatment with tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, on impaired vasodilation in SHRSP.ZF rats. Tempol did not alter body weight, high blood pressure, or metabolic abnormalities, but prevented impairment of acetylcholine-induced and nitroprusside-induced vasodilation in the coronary and mesenteric arteries. Furthermore, tempol reduced the levels of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine content in mesenteric arteries. Systemic administration of tempol elevated the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) above basal levels in mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats. However, acute treatment with tempol or ebselen, a peroxynitrite scavenger, did not ameliorate impaired relaxation of isolated mesenteric arteries. No nitration of tyrosine residues in sGC was observed; however, sGC mRNA expression levels in the arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats were lower than those in the arteries of Wistar-Kyoto rats. Levels of Thr(496)- and Ser(1177)-phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were lower in arteries of SHRSP.ZF rats, and acetylcholine decreased Thr(496)-phosphorylated eNOS levels. These results indicated that prolonged superoxide production, leading to oxidative-nitrosative stress, was associated with impaired vasodilation in SHRSP.ZF rats with MetS. Down-regulated sGC expression may be linked to dysfunction, while reduced NO bioavailability/eNOS activity and modified sGC activity due to superoxide production were excluded as pivotal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
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19
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ACE2 deficiency enhances angiotensin II-mediated aortic profilin-1 expression, inflammation and peroxynitrite production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38502. [PMID: 22693641 PMCID: PMC3367919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a crucial role in angiotensin (Ang) II-mediated vascular injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has recently been identified as a specific Ang II-degrading enzyme but its role in vascular biology remains elusive. We hypothesized that loss of ACE2 would facilitate Ang II-mediated vascular inflammation and peroxynitrite production. 10-week wildtype (WT, Ace2+/y) and ACE2 knockout (ACE2KO, Ace2−/y) mice received with mini-osmotic pumps with Ang II (1.5 mg.kg−1.d−1) or saline for 2 weeks. Aortic ACE2 protein was obviously reduced in WT mice in response to Ang II related to increases in profilin-1 protein and plasma levels of Ang II and Ang-(1–7). Loss of ACE2 resulted in greater increases in Ang II-induced mRNA expressions of inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 without affecting tumor necrosis factor-α in aortas of ACE2KO mice. Furthermore, ACE2 deficiency led to greater increases in Ang II-mediated profilin-1 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide and peroxynitrite production in the aortas of ACE2KO mice associated with enhanced phosphorylated levels of Akt, p70S6 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Interestingly, daily treatment with AT1 receptor blocker irbesartan (50 mg/kg) significantly prevented Ang II-mediated aortic profilin-1 expression, inflammation, and peroxynitrite production in WT mice with enhanced ACE2 levels and the suppression of the Akt-ERK-eNOS signaling pathways. Our findings reveal that ACE2 deficiency worsens Ang II-mediated aortic inflammation and peroxynitrite production associated with the augmentation of profilin-1 expression and the activation of the Akt-ERK-eNOS signaling, suggesting potential therapeutic approaches by enhancing ACE2 action for patients with vascular diseases.
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20
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Michihara A, Anraku M, Abe A, Kinoshita H, Kamizaki Y, Tomida H, Akasaki K. Comparison of receptors and enzymes regulating cholesterol levels in liver between SHR/NDmcr-cp rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats at ten weeks of age. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:1116-9. [PMID: 21720022 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp), which is a metabolic syndrome model rat, was reported to show hypercholesteremia, as compared with lean littermates. The serum total cholesterol level in SHR-cp at 18 weeks of age is higher than that of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY), but that in SHR-cp at 10 weeks of age is the same. The objective of this study is to clarify whether there are differences in the system regulating serum cholesterol levels between SHR-cp and WKY at 10 weeks of age. Total serum cholesterol levels, and cholesterol levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were similar in the two strains. However, the cholesterol levels in the liver of SHR-cp were lower than those of WKY. Next, mRNA levels of receptors (scavenger receptor class B type 1 [SRB1], LDL receptor [LDLR]) involved in uptake from serum to liver or enzymes of cholesterol catabolism (CYP7A1 and CYP8B1) and biosynthesis (mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylases [MPD]) in liver were compared between SHR-cp and WKY. High levels of MPD and LDLR and low levels of SRB1 were shown in SHR-cp, as compared with WKY. CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 levels were similar between SHR-cp and WKY. These results suggest that the serum cholesterol level in SHR-cp by the balance or regulation between the rise in cholesterol uptake and reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver is the same as that in WKY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Michihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729–0292, Japan.
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21
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Takai S, Jin D, Miyazaki M. Irbesartan prevents metabolic syndrome in rats via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 116:309-15. [PMID: 21691037 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11053fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irbesartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, is a known agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. In this study, thirteen-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)/NDmcr-cp rats, representing a genetic model of metabolic syndrome, were treated daily with placebo, irbesartan (30 mg/kg), valsartan (10 mg/kg), or pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were seen in the irbesartan- and valsartan-treated groups, but not in the pioglitazone-treated group. Compared with the placebo group, plasma insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, and plasma triglyceride levels were significantly lower while plasma adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group. Significant increases in the gene expression of adiponectin and GLUT4 within adipose tissue were also observed in the pioglitazone- and irbesartan-treated groups, but not in the valsartan-treated group. These findings suggest that through PPARγ stimulation along with angiotensin II inhibition, irbesartan may be an optimal treatment option in the prevention of metabolic syndrome as well as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takai
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Fritz BG, Hu X, Brailey JL, Berry RE, Walker FA, Montfort WR. Oxidation and loss of heme in soluble guanylyl cyclase from Manduca sexta. Biochemistry 2011; 50:5813-5. [PMID: 21639146 DOI: 10.1021/bi200794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation and loss of heme in soluble guanylyl/guanylate cyclase (sGC), the nitric oxide receptor, is thought to be a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and is the target of compounds BAY 58-2667 and HMR1766. Using spectroelectrochemical titration, we found a truncated sGC to be highly stable in the ferrous state (234 mV) and to bind ferrous heme tightly even in the presence of NO, despite the NO-induced release of the proximal histidine. In contrast, oxidized sGC readily loses ferric heme to myoglobin (0.47 ± 0.02 h(-1)). Peroxynitrite, the presumed cellular oxidant, readily oxidizes sGC in 5 mM glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Fritz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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23
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Kagota S, Tada Y, Nejime N, Nakamura K, Kunitomo M, Shinozuka K. Telmisartan provides protection against development of impaired vasodilation independently of metabolic effects in SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:355-64. [PMID: 21619437 DOI: 10.1139/y11-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is known to facilitate the development of cardiovascular disease. We have demonstrated that mesenteric arteries of SHRSP.Z-Lepr(fa)/IzmDmcr (SHRSP-fatty) rats with metabolic syndrome display an impaired vasorelaxation response mediated by nitric oxide. We examined whether the condition could be alleviated by treatment with telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist with PPAR-γ-activating properties and compared the results with those from pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist. Telmisartan (5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or pioglitazone (2.5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) was orally administered to male SHRSP-fatty rats for 8 weeks. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were determined, and the oral glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate insulin resistance. Vasodilations in response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside were determined by wire myographs under isometric tension conditions, protein expressions of soluble guanylyl cyclase in mesenteric arteries by Western blotting, and the contents of 3-nitrotyrosine in aortas by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Telmisartan exerted antihypertensive effects, while pioglitazone ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in SHRSP-fatty rats. Telmisartan increased acetylcholine- and nitroprusside-induced relaxation and soluble guanylyl cyclase protein expression in mesenteric arteries and reduced 3-nitrotyrosine content in aortas. Pioglitazone displayed no such alleviating effects on vascular functions. These findings indicate that telmisartan protects against vasodilation disturbance through anti-oxidative and -nitrative stress independently of metabolic effects in SHRSP-fatty rats with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
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24
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Kagota S, Fukushima K, Umetani K, Tada Y, Nejime N, Nakamura K, Mori H, Sugimura K, Kunitomo M, Shinozuka K. Coronary vascular dysfunction promoted by oxidative-nitrative stress in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr rats with metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 37:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Kawai K, Sakairi T, Harada S, Shinozuka J, Ide M, Sato H, Tanaka M, Toriumi W, Kume E. Diet modification and its influence on metabolic and related pathological alterations in the SHR/NDmcr-cp rat, an animal model of the metabolic syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 64:333-8. [PMID: 20965707 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR/NDcp) rats, which carry a nonsense mutation of the leptin receptor gene, are known to spontaneously develop hypertension, obesity and hyperlipidemia, and have therefore found use as an animal model of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. However, some recent studies on SHR/NDcp rats revealed only mild elevation of blood glucose levels. To investigate whether metabolic factors including blood glucose and histopathological alterations of SHR/NDcp rats deteriorate with a diabetogenic diet, biochemical and histopathological examinations were conducted with animals fed normal or diabetogenic diets for 20 weeks. SHR/NDcp rats receiving the normal diet displayed obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and mild elevation of blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Urinary glucose excretion was noted in only 1 out of 6 animals. Histologically, macro- and micro-vesicular steatosis in the liver, glomerular and tubular damages in the kidney and islet hyperplasia mainly of beta cells in the pancreas were characteristically noted. In SHR/NDcp rats fed the diabetogenic diet, obesity was more severe, with higher blood glucose and HbA1c levels, increased numbers of animals with urinary glucose excretion, and more pronounced hepatic steatosis and renal tubular changes. However, elevation of blood glucose levels and urinary glucose excretion proved transient. These observations indicate that the diabetic state and associated histopathological alterations in SHR/NDcp rats are exacerbated by feeding a diabetogenic diet, but the effects are limited. Elevated islet function with compensative insulin secretion might be related to amelioration of the hyperglycemic state. Further diet modification could be needed to induce a more prominent and persistent diabetic state in SHR/NDcp rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kawai
- Safety Research Laboratory, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1-1-1, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
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26
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Rosenthal T, Younis F, Alter A. Combating Combination of Hypertension and Diabetes in Different Rat Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:916-939. [PMID: 27713282 PMCID: PMC4034014 DOI: 10.3390/ph3040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat experimental models are used extensively for studying physiological mechanisms and treatments of hypertension and diabetes co-existence. Each one of these conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the combination of the two conditions is a potent enhancer of CVD. Five major animal models that advanced our understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in humans are discussed in this review: Zucker, Goto-Kakizaki, SHROB, SHR/NDmcr-cp and Cohen Rosenthal diabetic hypertensive (CRDH) rats. The use of various drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs), various angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), to combat the effects of concomitant pathologies on the combination of diabetes and hypertension, as well as the non-pharmacological approach are reviewed in detail for each rat model. Results from experiments on these models indicate that classical factors contributing to the pathology of hypertension and diabetes combination—Including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia—can now be treated, although these treatments do not completely prevent renal complications. Animal studies have focused on several mechanisms involved in hypertension/diabetes that remain to be translated into clinical medicine, including hypoxia, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation. Several target molecules have been identified that need to be incorporated into a treatment modality. The challenge continues to be the identification and interpretation of the clinical evidence from the animal models and their application to human treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talma Rosenthal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Firas Younis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Ariela Alter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Tada Y, Kagota S, Matsumoto M, Naito Y, Shibata H, Nejime N, Tsujino T, Koshiba M, Masuyama T, Shinozuka K. Characterization of Cardiac Size and Function in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/IzmDmcr Rats, a New Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1971-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Mika Matsumoto
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Naito
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Hiromi Shibata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital
- School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Science
| | - Namie Nejime
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Takeshi Tsujino
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koshiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital
| | - Tohru Masuyama
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Yoneyama M, Kawada K, Gotoh Y, Shiba T, Ogita K. Endogenous reactive oxygen species are essential for proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells. Neurochem Int 2009; 56:740-6. [PMID: 19958807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is widely thought that accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes injury to cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of endogenous ROS on the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the hippocampus of embryonic mice. The cells were treated with free radical-scavenging agents [3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (edaravone) or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (tempol)], an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), catalase, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor [N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)] or a peroxynitrite generator (SIN-1) during the culture period. Edaravone and tempol had the ability to decrease endogenous ROS in the cells exposed for periods from 1 to 24h, with attenuation of the proliferation activity of the cells during culture. Apocynin and L-NAME were also effective in attenuating cell proliferation but not cellular damage. Conversely, SIN-1 was capable of promoting the proliferation activity. However, catalase had no effect on the proliferation activity of the cells during culture. Furthermore, tempol significantly decreased the level of NFkappaB p65, phospho-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, and beta-catenin within the nucleus of the cells. These data suggest that endogenous ROS and nitric oxide are essential for the proliferation of embryonic neural stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoneyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Setsunan University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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