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Sugawara D, Sakai N, Sato Y, Azetsu Y, Karakawa A, Chatani M, Mizuno M, Maruoka Y, Myers M, Fukuhara K, Takami M. Planar catechin increases bone mass by regulating differentiation of osteoclasts in mice. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:196-204. [PMID: 38295903 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While catechins have been reported to exhibit potential to benefit osteoporosis patients, the effects of planar catechin (PCat), synthesized during the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease, have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of PCat on mouse bone metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Six week old female mice were orally administered PCat (30 mg/kg) every other day for four weeks, and their femurs were analyzed using micro-computed tomography imaging. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were collected from mice and cultured with PCat. Subsequently, osteoclast formation and differentiation and osteoblast differentiation were observed. RESULTS Mice orally administered PCat displayed significantly increased femur bone mass compared to the control group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction findings indicated that PCat addition to osteoclast progenitor cultures suppressed osteoclast formation and decreased osteoclast marker expression without affecting the proliferative potential of the osteoclast progenitor cells. Addition of PCat to osteoblast cultures increased osteoblast marker expression. CONCLUSIONS PCat inhibits osteoclast differentiation and promotes osteoblast differentiation, resulting in increased bone mass in mice. These results suggest that PCat administration is a promising treatment option for conditions associated with bone loss, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sugawara
- Department of Medical and Dental Cooperative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sakai
- Department of Dental Education, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Yurie Sato
- Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Showa University, School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Yuki Azetsu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Karakawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Chatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mirei Mizuno
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Maruoka
- Department of Dental Surgery, Totsuka Kyoritsu Second Hospital, 579-1 Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0817, Japan
| | - Mie Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukuhara
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Pharmacological Research Center, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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3
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Xie X, Fu J, Gou W, Qin Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Wang L, Li X. Potential mechanism of tea for treating osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1289777. [PMID: 38420363 PMCID: PMC10899483 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1289777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are common bone and joint diseases with a high incidence and long duration. Thus, these conditions can affect the lives of middle-aged and elderly people. Tea drinking is a traditional lifestyle in China, and the long-term intake of tea and its active ingredients is beneficial to human health. However, the mechanisms of action of tea and its active ingredients against OP, OA, and RA are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic role and related mechanisms of tea and its active ingredients in OP, OA, and RA. Moreover, it expanded the potential mechanisms of tea efficacy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Results showed that tea has potential anti-COX properties and hormone-like effects. Compared with a single component, different tea components synergize or antagonize each other, thereby resulting in a more evident dual effect. In conclusion, tea has great potential in the medical and healthcare fields. Nevertheless, further research on the composition, proportion, and synergistic mechanism of several tea components should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xie
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiehui Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine (Orthopedics), Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Subsidiary Rehabilitation Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiying Gou
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingzhen Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuer Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xihai Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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Xu L, Zhang C, Bao J, Han G, Wang C, Cai Y, Xu G, Sun H, Liu M. Alpha-lipoic Acid Prevents Bone Loss in Type 2 Diabetes and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Coexisting Conditions by Modulating the YAP/Glut4 Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01216-w. [PMID: 38261247 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the bone-protecting effects of Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a potent antioxidant, against the detrimental effects of the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (POP) and identify the possible mechanisms with particular reference to its modulation of YAP/Glut4 pathway. The T2DM and POP coexisting model was induced in mice by high fat diet (HFD) + Streptozocin (STZ) + ovariectomy (OVX). The mice in the treatment groups were given ALA for 10 weeks. In the in vitro study, MC3T3-E1 cells were induced with 500 μM methylglyoxal for 24 h with or without pretreatment with ALA for 24 h. The oxidative and antioxidative biomarkers, bone microarchitecture, histo-morphology, and related protein expression of apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation and the YAP/Glut4 pathway were detected. The results showed ALA could improve glucose tolerance, inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis and alleviate bone loss. Further study by siRNA technology revealed that the YAP/Glut4 pathway was implicated in the pathogenesis of bone loss due to the coexistence of T2DM and POP. Taken together, the present study has demonstrated for the first time that ALA exerts potent protective effects against bone loss in T2DM and POP coexisting conditions by modulating the YAP/Glut4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Office of Ethics Committee, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiawu Bao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guozhu Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Zhou F, Wang T, Li L, Yu J, Liu Z, Zhang J, Wang G, Li J, Shao C, Wang P, Chen W. Tea consumption and risk of bone health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:99-114. [PMID: 38057603 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current research evaluating the association between tea consumption and bone health still has inconsistent findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electronic databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception until December 2022 to identify eligible studies. The calculation of summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was carried out using random-effects models. I2 statistics and Forest plots were used to assess the heterogeneity of RR values across studies. RESULTS The pooled relative risks for bone health-related outcomes of interest among tea drinkers, compared to non-drinkers, were 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.845 to 0.980) for fractures, based on 20 studies, 0.332 (0.207-0.457) for BMD (13 studies), 0.800 (0.674-0.950) for osteoporosis (10 studies), and 1.006 (0.876-1.156) for osteopenia (5 studies). Subgroup analysis of locations showed that the pooled relative risks were 0.903 (0.844-0.966) for the hip, 0.735 (0.586-0.922) for the femur, 0.776 (0.610-0.988) for the lumbar, 0.980 (0.942-1.021) for the forearm and wrist, 0.804 (0.567-1.139) for the phalanges, and 0.612 (0.468-0.800) for Ward's triangle. One-stage dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who consumed less than 4.5 cups of tea per day had a lower risk of bone health-related outcomes than those who did not consume tea, with statistically significant results. CONCLUSION There is an association between tea consumption and a reduced risk of fractures, osteoporosis, hip, femur, and lumbar, as well as increased BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuding Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lexun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jinchuan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhengxiang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianghui Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiujiu Li
- Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230041, Anhui, China
| | - Changsheng Shao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Zhao X, Yan F, Li X, Qu D, Xu Y. A systematic review of tea pigments: Prevention of major diseases, protection of organs, and potential mechanisms and applications. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6830-6844. [PMID: 37970420 PMCID: PMC10630803 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing awareness of a healthy life, tea pigments (TPGs) are in focus for their health benefits. TPGs not only provide specific color to tea liquor but also possess health benefits such as anti-obesity, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, and bacteriostatic properties. Also, TPGs can benefit bone, liver, kidney, cardiovascular, gut microbiome, and sleep health. Based on previous reports, this review provides a brief introduction to the health benefits of TPGs, focusing on the prevention of human diseases and the protection of organs. Also, the latest research on the functional mechanism(s), practical application, and development strategies of TPGs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Fei Yan
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Xin‐Sheng Li
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Dong Qu
- Shaanxi Bio‐Resources Key LaboratoryHanzhongChina
- Coordination and Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Qinba Biological ResourcesHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
| | - Yue‐Ling Xu
- Qinba Black Tea Research Institute, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringShaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongChina
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Suzuki T, Ohishi T, Tanabe H, Miyoshi N, Nakamura Y. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols through Inhibitory Activity against Metalloproteinases. Molecules 2023; 28:5426. [PMID: 37513300 PMCID: PMC10385587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent metalloproteinases that play important roles in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and brain diseases. Dietary polyphenols are thought to have a variety of beneficial effects on these diseases characterized by inflammation. Clinical studies have demonstrated that MMPs are in most cases upregulated in various inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Studies using patient-derived human samples, animal studies, and cellular experiments have suggested that polyphenols may be beneficial against inflammatory diseases by suppressing MMP gene expression and enzyme activity. One important mechanism by which polyphenols exert their activity is the downregulation of reactive oxygen species that promote MMP expression. Another important mechanism is the direct binding of polyphenols to MMPs and their inhibition of enzyme activity. Molecular docking analyses have provided a structural basis for the interaction between polyphenols and MMPs and will help to explore new polyphenol-based drugs with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Science, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0893, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Nayoro City University, Nayoro, Hokkaido 096-8641, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Zou JH, Chen F, Li YL, Chen H, Sun TK, Du SM, Zhang J. Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 150:105691. [PMID: 37043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of EGCG on tooth movement and root resorption during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS A total of thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: control, 50 mg/kg EGCG, and 100 mg/kg EGCG. During the experiment, the subjects were submitted to an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model, rats in the experimental groups were given the corresponding dose of EGCG, while rats in the control group were administrated with an equal volume of normal saline solution by gavage. After 14 days of OTM, the rats were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion. Micro-CT of rat maxillaes was taken to analyze OTM distance and root resorption. The maxillary samples were prepared as histological sections for H&E staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to be observed and analyzed. RESULTS The OTM distance and root resorption of rats in the dosed group decreased, and the number of TRAP positive cells in their periodontium decreased significantly. The expression level of RANKL was decreased in the EGCG group compared to the control group, while that of OPG, OCN and Runx2 was increased. Effects were more pronounced in 100 mg/kg group than in 50 mg/kg group. CONCLUSION EGCG reduces OTM and orthodontic induced root resorption (OIRR) in rats, and is able to attenuate osteoclastogenesis on the pressure side and promote osteogenesis on the tension side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Tong-Ke Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Meng Du
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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Li M, Zhang C, Xiao X, Zhu M, Quan W, Liu X, Zhang S, Liu Z. Theaflavins in Black Tea Mitigate Aging-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2356-2369. [PMID: 36718846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated cognitive dysfunction has a great influence on the lifespan and healthspan of the elderly. Theaflavins (TFs), a mixture of ingredients formed from enzymatic oxidation of catechins during the manufacture of tea, have a positive contribution to the qualities and antiaging activities of black tea. However, the role of TFs in mitigating aging-induced cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we find that TFs effectively improve behavioral impairment via the microbiota-gut-brain axis: TFs maintain gut homeostasis by improving antioxidant ability, strengthening the immune response, increasing the expression of tight junction proteins, restructuring the gut microbiota, and altering core microbiota metabolites, i.e., short-chain fatty acids and essential amino acids (SCFAs and AAs), and upregulating brain neurotrophic factors. Removing the gut microbiota with antibiotics partly abolishes the neuroprotective effects of TFs. Besides, correlation analysis indicates that the decrease in gut microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes and Lachnospiraceae, and the increase in microbiota metabolites' levels are positively correlated with behavioral improvements. Taken together, our findings reveal a potential role of TFs in mitigating aging-driven cognitive dysfunction via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The intake of TFs can be translated into a novel dietary intervention approach against aging-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Quan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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The Impact of Hempseed Consumption on Bone Parameters and Body Composition in Growing Female C57BL/6 Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105839. [PMID: 35627377 PMCID: PMC9140819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing peak bone mass is critical to healthy aging. Beyond the established roles of dietary minerals and protein on bone integrity, fatty acids and polyphenols modify bone structure. This study investigated the effect of a diet containing hempseeds (HS), which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, on bone mineral density, bone cell populations and body composition. Groups (n = 8 each) of female C57BL/6 mice were fed one of three diets (15% HS by weight; 5% HS; 0% HS (control)) from age 5 to 30 weeks. In vivo whole-body composition and bone mineral density and content were measured every 4 weeks using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ex vivo humeri cell populations in the epiphyseal plate region were determined by sectioning the bone longitudinally, mounting the sections on slides and staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase stain to identify osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. Mixed models with repeated measures across experimental weeks showed that neither body weight nor body weight gain across weeks differed among groups yet mice fed the 15% HS diet consumed significantly more food and more kilocalories per g body weight gained than those fed the 5% HS and control diets (p < 0.0001). Across weeks, fat mass was significantly higher in the 5% HS versus the control group (p = 0.02). At the end point, whole-body bone mineral content was significantly higher in the control compared to the 5% HS group (p = 0.02). Humeri from both HS groups displayed significantly lower osteoblast densities compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). No relationship was seen between osteoblast density and body composition measurements. These data invite closer examination of bone cell activity and microarchitecture to determine the effect of habitual HS consumption on bone integrity.
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McAlpine MD, Yumol JL, Ward WE. Pregnancy and Lactation in Sprague-Dawley Rats Result in Permanent Reductions of Tibia Trabecular Bone Mineral Density and Structure but Consumption of Red Rooibos Herbal Tea Supports the Partial Recovery. Front Nutr 2021; 8:798936. [PMID: 34950693 PMCID: PMC8689395 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy and lactation, maternal bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced as calcium is mobilized to support offspring bone development. In humans, BMD returns to pre-pregnancy levels shortly after delivery, shifting from a high rate of bone resorption during pregnancy and lactation, into a rapid phase of bone formation post-lactation. This rapid change in bone turnover may provide an opportunity to stimulate a greater gain in BMD and stronger trabecular and cortical structure than present pre-pregnancy. Providing polyphenols present in red rooibos herbal tea may promote such an effect. In vitro, red rooibos polyphenols stimulate osteoblast activity, reduce osteoclastic resorption, and increase mineral production. The study objective was to determine if consuming red rooibos from pre-pregnancy through to 4 months post-lactation resulted in a higher BMD and improved trabecular and cortical bone structure in a commonly used rat model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 42) were randomized to one of the following groups: PREG TEA (pregnant, received supplemental level of red rooibos in water: ~2.6 g /kg body weight/day in water), PREG WATER (pregnant, received water), or NONPREG CON (age-matched, non-pregnant control, received water) from 2 weeks pre-pregnancy (age 8 weeks) through to 4 months post-lactation. Rats were fed AIN-93G (pre-pregnancy through to the end of lactation) and AIN-93M (post-lactation onwards). BMD and trabecular structure (bone volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular separation) were improved (p < 0.05) by 1- or 2-months post-lactation when comparing PREG TEA to PREG CON, though neither group recovered to the level of NONPREG CON. Cortical outcomes (cortical area fraction, cortical thickness, tissue mineral density) for PREG TEA and PREG CON were reduced (p < 0.05) following lactation but returned to the level of NONPREG CON by 2-months post-lactation, with the exception of cortical thickness. The lack of recovery of BMD and key outcomes of trabecular bone structure was unexpected. While consumption of red rooibos did not result in stronger bone post-lactation, red rooibos did support the partial recovery of trabecular BMD and bone structure following pregnancy and lactation. The findings also provide insight into the timing and dose of polyphenols to study in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McAlpine
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn L Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Utility of Thermal Cross-Linking in Stabilizing Hydrogels with Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and/or Epigallocatechin Gallate for Use in Bone Regeneration Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010040. [PMID: 35012062 PMCID: PMC8747742 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules are commonly used materials in dentistry or orthopedic surgery. However, further improvements are required to raise the operability and bone-forming ability of β-TCP granules in a clinical setting. Recently, we developed epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-modified gelatin sponges as a novel biomaterial for bone regeneration. However, there is no study on using the above material for preparing hydrogel incorporating β-TCP granules. Here, we demonstrate that vacuum heating treatment induced thermal cross-linking in gelatin sponges modified with EGCG and incorporating β-TCP granules (vhEc-GS-β) so that the hydrogels prepared from vhEc-GS-β showed high stability, β-TCP granule retention, operability, and cytocompatibility. Additionally, microcomputed tomography morphometry revealed that the hydrogels from vhEc-GS-β had significantly higher bone-forming ability than β-TCP alone. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining demonstrated that the number of osteoclasts increased at three weeks in defects treated with the hydrogels from vhEc-GS-β compared with that around β-TCP alone. The overall results indicate that thermal cross-linking treatment for the preparation of sponges (precursor of hydrogels) can be a promising process to enhance the bone-forming ability. This insight should provide a basis for the development of novel materials with good operativity and bone-forming ability for bone regenerative medicine.
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Luo T, Jiang JG. Anticancer Effects and Molecular Target of Theaflavins from Black Tea Fermentation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15052-15065. [PMID: 34878780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and numerous epidemiological studies have shown that drinking black tea is good for health. As a natural tea pigment formed during the fermentation of black tea, the content of theaflavins accounts for only 2-6% of the dry weight of black tea, but they have a great impact on the color and taste of black tea soup. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that theaflavins have a significant anticancer effect. In this Perspective, we first state the physical and chemical properties, separation and purification methods, and biological formation pathways of theaflavins and analyze their safety and oral bioavailability and the structure-activity relationship of their antioxidant and anticancer activities; then, we describe in detail their anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo and highlight their various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. The anticancer molecular targets of theaflavins are mainly cell-cycle regulatory proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, cell-migration-related proteins, and growth transcription factors. Finally, the possibility of developing new health-care food based on theaflavins is discussed. This Perspective is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the anticancer application of theaflavins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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14
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Xu Q, Cao Z, Xu J, Dai M, Zhang B, Lai Q, Liu X. Effects and mechanisms of natural plant active compounds for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 30:394-412. [PMID: 34859718 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2013488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone-destructive diseases, caused by overdifferentiation of osteoclasts, reduce bone mass and quality, and disrupt bone microstructure, thereby causes osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteolytic bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclasts, the only multinucleated cells with bone resorption function, are derived from haematopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The regulation of osteoclast differentiation is considered an effective target for the treatment of bone-destructive diseases. Natural plant-derived products have received increasing attention in recent years due to their good safety profile, the preference of natural compounds over synthetic drugs, and their potential therapeutic and preventive activity against osteoclast-mediated bone-destructive diseases. In this study, we reviewed the research progress of the potential antiosteoclast active compounds extracted from medicinal plants and their molecular mechanisms. Active compounds from natural plants that inhibit osteoclast differentiation and functions include flavonoids, terpenoids, quinones, glucosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, and limonoids. They inhibit bone destruction by downregulating the expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes (CTSK, MMP-9, TRAP, OSCAR, DC-STAMP, V-ATPase d2, and integrin av3) and transcription factors (c-Fos, NFATc1, and c-Src), prevent the effects of local factors (ROS, LPS, and NO), and suppress the activation of various signalling pathways (MAPK, NF-κB, Akt, and Ca2+). Therefore, osteoclast-targeting natural products are of great value in the prevention and treatment of bone destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyou Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - JiaQiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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15
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Shan Z, Nisar MF, Li M, Zhang C, Wan C(C. Theaflavin Chemistry and Its Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6256618. [PMID: 34804369 PMCID: PMC8601833 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6256618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Huge epidemiological and clinical studies have confirmed that black tea is a rich source of health-promoting ingredients, such as catechins and theaflavins (TFs). Furthermore, TF derivatives mainly include theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). All of these TFs exhibit extensive usages in pharmaceutics, foods, and traditional medication systems. Various indepth studies reported that how TFs modulates health effects in cellular and molecular mechanisms. The available literature regarding the pharmacological activities of TFs has revealed that TF3 has remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, and antimicrobial properties, thus posing significant effects on human health. The current manuscript summarizes both the chemistry and various pharmacological effects of TFs on human health, lifestyle or aging associated diseases, and populations of gut microbiota. Furthermore, the biological potential of TFs has also been focused to provide a deeper understanding of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Shan
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mingxi Li
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry, Pu'er University, Pu'er 665099, China
| | - Chunpeng (Craig) Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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16
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Osteoprotective Effects of ‘Anti-Diabetic’ Polyherbal Mixture in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone loss leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis is a frequent secondary complication of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the value of a traditionally used ‘anti-diabetic’ polyherbal mixture as a possible remedy for the prevention of this complication. Diabetes was induced in Wistar female rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. The animals with blood glucose higher than 20 mmol/L for 14 consecutive days were considered diabetic. For the next 14 days, animals were treated with two concentrations of the polyherbal mixture (10 and 20 g of dry plant material/ kg). Bone histopathology was evaluated using the H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining. Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered bone histological changes characteristic for the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis and treatment with the polyherbal decoction restored these histopathological changes of the bones to the healthy animal level. At the same time, treatment with these tested doses has shown no adverse effects. These findings suggest that this mixture might be used as a remedy for the prevention of diabetic bone loss.
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17
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Kartika IGAA, Riani C, Insanu M, Adnyana IK. Peperomia pellucida extracts stimulates bone healing in alveolar socket following tooth extraction. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:302-307. [PMID: 35493308 PMCID: PMC9039093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peperomia pellucida’ extracts accelerate normal healing process of alveolar bone. Ethanol extract significantly increase trabecular thickness on tooth socket. The extracts can increase fibroblast significantly in short term administration. The extracts also can reduce the number of polymorphonuclear cells significantly. Some phytochemical compounds were firstly reported present in Peperomia pellucida.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Agung Ayu Kartika
- Yoga and Health Study Program, Faculty of Brahma Widya, Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa, Kenyeri Gg Sekar Kemuda 2 Denpasar, 80237, Indonesia
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Catur Riani
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Insanu
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Ketut Adnyana
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:25. [PMID: 33495733 PMCID: PMC7816146 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural plants and plant-derived formulations have been used by mankind from the ancient period of time. For the past few years, many investigations elaborated the therapeutic potential of various secondary chemicals present in the plants. Literature revealed that the various secondary metabolites, viz. phenolics and flavonoids, are responsible for a variety of therapeutic action in humans. Main body In the present review, an attempt has been made to compile the exploration of natural phenolic compounds with major emphasis on flavonoids and their therapeutic potential too. Interestingly, long-term intake of many dietary foods (rich in phenolics) proved to be protective against the development and management of diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Conclusion This review presents an overview of flavonoid compounds to use them as a potential therapeutic alternative in various diseases and disorders. In addition, the present understanding of phenolics and flavonoids will serve as the basis for the next scientific studies.
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19
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Xia SL, Ma ZY, Wang B, Guo SY, Zhou XX, Gao F. The Association between Tea Consumption and the Risk of Fracture: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1046-1052. [PMID: 34725660 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inconsistent results exist on the role of tea consumption on subsequent risk of fracture. A dose-response meta-analysis was therefore conducted to assess the association of tea consumption with the risk of fracture based on prospective cohort studies. METHODS The electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched to identify prospective cohort studies from inception until September 2020. The categories of high versus low and dose-response meta-analyses for tea consumption on the risk of fracture were calculated using the random-effects model. Eight prospective cohort studies recruited 774,134 individuals selected for the final meta-analysis. RESULTS An increment of 1 cup in tea consumption was not associated with the risk of fracture [relative risk (RR), 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.00; P = 0.102]. Moreover, the highest tea consumption category was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98; P = 0.005). Furthermore, heavy (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; P = 0.008) and mild (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-1.00; P = 0.046) tea consumption were associated with lower risk of fracture. However, moderate tea consumption was not associated with the risk of fracture (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.02; P = 0.281). CONCLUSION This study found that increased tea consumption may provide a protective role in the risk of fracture. The benefits of tea consumption should be further explored according to the characteristics of the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-L Xia
- Feng Gao, 1500 Zhoupu Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201318, China, Tel: 86-021-68135590, of Missouri Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia, USA,
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20
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McAlpine MD, Gittings W, MacNeil AJ, Ward WE. Black and Green Tea as Well as Specialty Teas Increase Osteoblast Mineralization with Varying Effectiveness. J Med Food 2020; 24:866-872. [PMID: 33252307 PMCID: PMC8403192 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human studies suggest a benefit of tea consumption on bone health. The study objective was to compare the ability of different tea types to promote mineralization. Saos-2 cells underwent mineralization (5 days) in the presence of tea (white: WT, green: GT, black: BT, green rooibos: GR, or red rooibos: RR; 1 μg/mL of polyphenols) or control. Total polyphenol content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent), antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] scavenging), mineralization (Alizarin Red staining), gene expression quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), and cell activity (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) were determined. TPC was highest in GT and BT. The ability of each tea to inhibit DPPH also differed (WT, GT > RR) after normalizing for polyphenol quantity. Each tea increased mineralization and differences were observed among types (GT/BT/GR/RR > WT, GT = BT = GR, RR > BT/GT). mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP1) remained unchanged, whereas osteopontin (OPN) and sclerostin (SOST) were reduced in cells treated with tea, regardless of type. At 24- and 48-h postexposure to tea, cell activity was greater in cells receiving any of the teas compared with vehicle control. Supplementation increased mineralization regardless of tea type with both rooibos teas and black tea stimulating greater mineralization than WT, whereas green tea is similar to the others. While future study is needed to confirm in vivo effects, the results suggest that consuming any of the teas studied may benefit bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D McAlpine
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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22
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The use of host defense peptides in root canal therapy in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3623-3632. [PMID: 33200281 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to evaluate host defense peptides (HDPs) HHC-10 and synoeca-MP activity in in vitro osteoclastogenesis process and in vivo induced apical periodontitis, testing the effect of molecules in the inflammatory response and in apical periodontitis size/volume after root canal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro osteoclastogenesis was assessed on bone marrow cell cultures extracted from mice, while in vivo endodontic treatment involved rats treated with Ca(OH)2 or HDPs. In vitro osteoclasts were subjected to TRAP staining, and in vivo samples were evaluated by radiographic and tomographic exams, as well as histologic analysis. RESULTS None of the substances downregulated the in vitro osteoclastogenesis. Nevertheless, all treatments affected the average of apical periodontitis size in rats, although only teeth treated with HDPs demonstrated lower levels of the inflammatory process. These results demonstrated the in vivo potential of HDPs. Radiographic analysis suggested that HHC-10 and synoeca-MP-treated animals presented a similar lesion size than Ca(OH)2-treated animals after 7-day of endodontic treatment. However, tomography analysis demonstrated smaller lesion volume in synoeca-MP-treated animals than HHC-10 and Ca(OH)2-treated animals, after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS These molecules demonstrated an auxiliary effect in endodontic treatment that might be related to its immunomodulatory ability, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and possible induction of tissue repair at low concentrations. These results can encourage further investigations on the specific mechanisms of action in animal models to clarify the commercial applicability of these biomolecules for endodontic treatment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HDPs have the potential to be adjuvant substances in endodontic therapy due to its potential to reduce inflammation in apical periodontitis.
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Huang HT, Cheng TL, Lin SY, Ho CJ, Chyu JY, Yang RS, Chen CH, Shen CL. Osteoprotective Roles of Green Tea Catechins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1136. [PMID: 33207822 PMCID: PMC7696448 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the second most common disease only secondary to cardiovascular disease, with the risk of fracture increasing with age. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. Osteoclastogenesis may be enhanced, osteoblastogenesis may be reduced, or both may be evident. Inflammation and high reactive oxygen enhance osteoclastogenesis while reducing osteoblastogenesis by inducing osteoblast apoptosis and suppressing osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Catechins, the main polyphenols found in green tea with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can counteract the deleterious effects of the imbalance of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis caused by osteoporosis. Green tea catechins can attenuate osteoclastogenesis by enhancing apoptosis of osteoclasts, hampering osteoclastogenesis, and prohibiting bone resorption in vitro. Catechin effects can be directly exerted on pre-osteoclasts/osteoclasts or indirectly exerted via the modulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/stromal cell regulation of pre-osteoclasts through activation of the nuclear factor kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Catechins also can enhance osteoblastogenesis by enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and increasing osteoblastic survival, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The in vitro effects of catechins on osteogenesis have been confirmed in several animal models, as well as in epidemiological observational studies on human subjects. Even though randomized control trials have not shown that catechins provide anti-fracture efficacy, safety data in the trials are promising. A large-scale, placebo-controlled, long-term randomized trial with a tea regimen intervention of optimal duration is required to determine anti-fracture efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ti Huang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Joanna Y. Chyu
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Lim S, Kim TH, Ihn HJ, Lim J, Kim GY, Choi YH, Bae JS, Jung JC, Shin HI, Kim JE, Park EK. Inhibitory effect of oolonghomobisflavan B on osteoclastogenesis by suppressing p38 MAPK activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127429. [PMID: 32731089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of differentiation and/or function of osteoclasts is considered an effective therapeutic strategy for osteolytic bone diseases such as periodontitis and osteoporosis. Evidence regarding the health benefits of oolong tea consumption is accumulating, and tea polyphenols have various pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer and anti-diabetes effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of oolonghomobisflavan B (OFB), a polyphenolic compound in oolong tea, on osteoclast differentiation. OFB suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANKL)-induced formation of tartate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinuclear cells without cytotoxicity. OFB also significantly attenuated p38 phosphorylation, which is essential for RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and inhibited the expressions of nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and osteoclast-specific target genes, including dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein and cathepsin K. Our findings suggest that OFB exhibits an anti-osteoclastogenic activity by inhibiting RANKL-mediated p38 activation, which is useful for the prevention and treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Ihn
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute (CMRI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Jung
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea.
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Ai Z, Wu Y, Yu M, Li J, Li S. Theaflavin-3, 3'-Digallate Suppresses RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Attenuates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:803. [PMID: 32694992 PMCID: PMC7336999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3, 3′-digallate (TF3) is extracted from black tea and has strong antioxidant capabilities. The aim of this study was to assess the influences of TF3 on osteoclastogenesis and explore the underlying mechanisms. TF3 efficiently decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TF3 reduced ROS generation by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and also inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and TRAP staining of the femurs of C57BL/6J female mice showed that TF3 markedly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in mice. Immunofluorescence staining, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and measurement of the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) revealed that TF3 increased the expression of Nrf2 and decreased the intracellular ROS level in vivo. These findings indicated that TF3 may have the potential to treat osteoporosis and bone diseases related to excessive osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting the intracellular ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang'ou Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjiao Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Yıldırım M, Saral S, Mercantepe T, İskender H, Tümkaya L, Atak M, Taşçı F. White Tea Reduced Bone Loss by Suppressing the TRAP/CTX Pathway in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Model Rats. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:64-74. [DOI: 10.1159/000507791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an important skeletal disease characterized by bone weakness and high risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Tea consumption is known to play an important role in the prevention or alleviation of osteoporosis. However, the therapeutic effects of aqueous extracts of white tea (WT) have not been evaluated in osteoporosis rat models. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-osteoporotic role of WT in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. WT was given orally at 0.5% w/v doses for 12 weeks in OVX rats. Biochemical parameters in blood samples, bone tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and estradiol levels were evaluated. Bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were measured in the left femur. In addition to histopathological examination, osteolcalcin, osteopontin and TUNEL levels were determined. OVX group data demonstrated that bone loss occurred by thinning of the metaphyseal growth plates of the femur. Similarly, the levels of TRAP and CTX, markers of osteoclastic activity, were found to be high concurrently with a decrease in femoral bone mineral density. In addition, increased osteolcalcin and osteopontin levels were present in the metaphyseal growth zones. On the other hand, while TRAP and CTX levels were suppressed in the OVX-WT group, bone mineral content increased. In addition, TUNEL, osteocalcin and osteopontin positivity decreased in the right femoral metaphysis growth zones, proliferating zone and resting zone cells. These results showed that chronic WT consumption has a protective effect by reducing bone resorption in OVX-induced osteoporotic rats.
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Kuriya K, Nishio M, Matsuda T, Umekawa H. Tea extract increases cell fusion via regulation of cell surface DC-STAMP. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100759. [PMID: 32420461 PMCID: PMC7218152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear osteoclast precursor cells fuse with each other to become mature multinucleated osteoclasts, which is regulated by dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP). We evaluated the effects of tea extract and catechins on cell-cell fusion and DC-STAMP expression to elucidate their relationship with osteoclast development. When tea extract or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) was applied to RAW264.7 cells, multinucleated cells were increased significantly, while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity was hardly upregulated. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that EGCg suppressed DC-STAMP expression on the cell surface, which is similar to osteoclast development. These observations suggest that TRAP activity is not activated even when suppression of both surface DC-STAMP expression and multinucleation occurs, which might be mediated by another pathway. We revealed tea extract (TEx) and catechin effects on cell fusion under non-RANKL conditions. TEx or catechin increased cell fusion without upregulation of TRAP enzyme activity. Cell fusion occurred via DC-STAMP downregulation on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuriya
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577, Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishio
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577, Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsuda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577, Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Umekawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577, Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Zhuang Y, Sun X, Liu B, Hou H, Sun Y. Effects of Rambutan Peel ( Nepheliumlappaceum) PhenolicExtract on RANKL-Induced Differentiation of RAW264.7 Cells into Osteoclasts and Retinoic Acid-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040883. [PMID: 32218116 PMCID: PMC7230481 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that rambutan peel phenolic (RPP) extract has excellent biological activities due to its abundant phenolic content and profile. In this study, the potential anti-osteoporosis (OP) effects of RPP were evaluated by suppressing receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts and amelioratingretinoic acid-induced OP in rats. Our results showed that RPP efficiently decreased the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and reduced total TRAP activity in RAW264.7 cells under RANKL stimulation. RPP treatment significantlyameliorated retinoid acid-induced calcium loss in rats (p < 0.05). The serum phosphorus level of osteoporotic rats was increased by RPP treatment, and the serum levels of total alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in osteoporotic rats were further reduced. RPP treatment improved the qualities of the femur and tibia, such asbone mineral density, bone length, bone maximum load, cortical bone area ratio, and trabecularelative bone density in osteoporotic rats to some extent. Furthermore, histological analysis showed that RPP effectively improved the bone microstructure of osteoporotic rats by regulating the cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone separation. These results indicate that RPP could have potential applications as a newnutraceutical and functional food in the prevention of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhuang
- Institute of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Institute of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bingtong Liu
- Institute of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Hu Hou
- Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266005, China;
| | - Yun Sun
- Institute of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.Z.); (X.S.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-871-6592-0216
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Duan P, Zhang J, Chen J, Liu Z, Guo P, Li X, Li L, Zhang Q. Oolong tea drinking boosts calcaneus bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a population-based study in southern China. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:49. [PMID: 32189157 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies have shown that tea consumption has a potentially beneficial effect on bone health. However, few studies have assessed the effects of types of tea consumed on bone health. We aimed to investigate whether drinking oolong tea is associated with increased calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS From an epidemiological survey in Shantou, 476 postmenopausal women aged 40 to 88 years were enrolled in the study. All women were questioned about their demographic features, lifestyle, health status, types of tea consumed, habit of tea consumption, and habitual dietary intake by use of a structured questionnaire. Estimated areal BMD was measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS). RESULTS As compared with non-tea drinkers, oolong tea drinkers had higher calcaneus BMD (β 34.70 [95% CI 10.38, 59.03]). In addition, calcaneus BMD was significantly increased for those drinking 1-5 cups/day (β 27.43 [95% CI 3.70, 51.16]) but not > 5 cups/day. We observed no linear increase in calcaneus BMD with increasing years of tea consumption and local polynomial regression fitting showed a parabola-shaped association between years of tea consumption and calcaneus BMD. However, symptoms of osteoporosis did not differ by types of tea consumed. CONCLUSION Long-term moderate oolong tea consumption may have beneficial effects on bone health in postmenopausal women in Shantou of southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Duan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jialian Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixi Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Linfen Li
- Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Blueberry Juice Antioxidants Protect Osteogenic Activity against Oxidative Stress and Improve Long-Term Activation of the Mineralization Process in Human Osteoblast-Like SaOS-2 Cells: Involvement of SIRT1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020125. [PMID: 32024159 PMCID: PMC7070538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables with many antioxidants can be very important in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Studies show that oxidative stress, often due to lack of antioxidants, is involved in alteration of bone remodeling and reduction in bone density. This study demonstrates in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells that blueberry juice (BJ), containing 7.5 or 15 μg∙mL-1 total soluble polyphenols (TSP), is able to prevent the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and the mineralization process due to oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. This situation mimics a metabolic condition of oxidative stress that may occur during estrogen deficiency. The effect of BJ phytochemicals occurs through redox- and non-redox-regulated mechanisms. BJ protects from oxidative damage factors related to bone remodeling and bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase and Runt-related transcription factor 2. It upregulates these factors by activation of sirtuin type 1 deacetylase expression, a possible molecular target for anti-osteoporotic drugs. Quantitative analysis of TSP in BJ shows high levels of anthocyanins with high antioxidant capacity and bioavailability. These novel data may be important to elucidate the molecular and cellular beneficial effects of blueberry polyphenols on bone regeneration, and they suggest their use as a dietary supplement for osteoporosis prevention and therapies.
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Cheng MH, Kim SJ. Inhibitory Effect of Probenecid on Osteoclast Formation via JNK, ROS and COX-2. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:104-109. [PMID: 31474032 PMCID: PMC6939694 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Probenecid is a representative drug used in the treatment of gout. A recent study showed that probenecid effectively inhibits oxidative stress in neural cells. In the present study, we investigated whether probenecid can affect osteoclast formation through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in RAW264.7 cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ROS levels were dose-dependently reduced by probenecid. Fluorescence microscopy analysis clearly showed that probenecid inhibits the generation of ROS. Western blot analysis indicated that probenecid affects two downstream signaling molecules of ROS, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). These results indicate that probenecid inhibits ROS generation and exerts antiosteoclastogenic activity by inhibiting the COX-2 and JNK pathways. These results suggest that probenecid could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Most studies show a positive association between higher tea intake and bone mineral density (BMD), while associations with fracture are inconclusive. Although a few studies have investigated the potential effects of rooibos tea on the bone cell metabolism, only 1 or 2 doses were tested or specific flavonoids were evaluated in isolation. A dose-response study is needed to comprehensively identify whether a level that modulates bone cell activity is associated with dietary or supplemental levels of red rooibos (RR) tea. We investigated if RR tea stimulates mineralization in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralization was induced in Saos-2 cells in the presence of RR tea (0.1–10 µg/mL of polyphenols) or control (dH2O) for 5 days. Cell activity, mRNA, protein expression and activity of key regulators of mineralization were measured. A positive dose-dependent relationship was observed between RR tea concentration and mineralization accompanied with similar trends in cell activity. With high concentrations of tea, protein expression of enzymes directly regulating mineralization (ALP and NPP1) were unchanged but ALP activity was significantly elevated. Osteopontin (OPN) was significantly downregulated midway through mineralization while sclerostin (SOST) was upregulated in response to higher concentrations of RR tea. In conclusion, RR tea stimulated osteoblast mineralization in a dose-dependent manner and were accompanied with downregulation of OPN, increased ALP activity, and increased cell activity.
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Water Extracts of Hull-less Waxy Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar 'Boseokchal' Inhibit RANKL-induced Osteoclastogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203735. [PMID: 31623242 PMCID: PMC6832910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that leads to reduced bone mineral density. The increase in patient and medical costs because of global aging is recognized as a problem. Decreased bone mass is a common symptom of bone diseases such as Paget’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple myeloma. Osteoclasts, which directly affect bone mass, show a marked increase in differentiation and activation in the aforementioned diseases. Moreover, these multinucleated cells made from monocytes/macrophages under the influence of RANKL and M-CSF, are the only cells capable of resorbing bones. In this study, we found that the water extracts of Boseokchal (BSC-W) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in vitro and investigated its inhibitory mechanism. BSC-W was obtained by extracting flour of Boseokchal using hexane and water. To osteoclast differentiation, bone marrow-derived macrophage cells (BMMs) were cultured with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or BSC-W in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL for 4 days. Cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8. Gene expression of cells was confirmed by real-time PCR. Protein expression of cells was observed by western blot assay. Bone resorption activity of osteoclast evaluated by bone pit formation assay using an Osteo Assay Plate. BSC-W inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner without exerting a cytotoxic effect on BMMs. BSC-W decreased the transcriptional and translational expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are regulators of osteoclastogenesis and reduced the mRNA expression level of TRAP, DC-STAMP, and cathepsin K, which are osteoclast differentiation marker. Furthermore, BSC-W reduced the resorption activity of osteoclasts. Taken together, our results indicate that BSC-W is a useful candidate for health functional foods or therapeutic agents that can help treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Xu H, Liu T, Li J, Xu J, Chen F, Hu L, Zhang B, Zi C, Wang X, Sheng J. Oxidation derivative of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppressing RANK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Oh SE, Hu KS, Kim S. Eight-week healing of grafted calvarial bone defects with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in rats. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49:228-236. [PMID: 31485373 PMCID: PMC6713809 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2019.49.4.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on new bone formation and angiogenesis after 8 weeks of healing. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were split into 2 groups according to the application of adjunctive HBO therapy: a group that received HBO therapy (HBO group [n=14]) and another group that did not receive HBO therapy (NHBO group [n=14]). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bone graft material: a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) subgroup and an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-/epigallocatechin-3-gallate-coated BCP (mBCP) subgroup. Two identical circular defects with a 6-mm diameter were made in the right and left parietal bones of each rat. One defect was grafted with bone graft material (BCP or mBCP). The other defect was not grafted. The HBO group received 2 weeks of adjunctive HBO therapy (1 hour, 5 times a week). The rats were euthanized 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were prepared for histologic analysis. Results New bone (%) was higher in the NHBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-BCP and control groups (P<0.05). Blood vessel count (%) and vascular endothelial growth factor staining (%) were higher in the HBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-mBCP group (P<0.05). Conclusions HBO therapy did not have a positive influence on bone formation irrespective of the type of bone graft material applied after 8 weeks of healing. HBO therapy had a positive effect on angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Oh
- Ministry of National Defense Agency for KIA Recovery & Identification, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Hu
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Xu H, Liu T, Xu J, Li J, Chen F, Xiang Z, Huang Y, Zhang D, Hu L, Zhang B, Zi C, Wang X, Sheng J. Interactions between β-cyclodextrin and tea catechins, and potential anti-osteoclastogenesis activity of the (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate-β-cyclodextrin complex. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28006-28018. [PMID: 35558992 PMCID: PMC9088451 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Galloylated catechins, the most important secondary metabolites in green tea including (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, constitute nearly 75% of all tea catechins and have stronger health effects than non-galloylated catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-epicatechin. EGCG is the most abundant, active, and thoroughly investigated compound in green tea, and its bioactivity might be improved by complexing with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). We investigated interactions between four catechins and β-CD in a PBS buffer solution of pH 6.5 at 25 °C using biolayer interferometry and isothermal titration calorimetry, and to determine whether β-CD could enhance the anti-osteoclastogenesis effect of EGCG. β-CD could directly bind galloylated catechins at a stoichiometric ratio close to 1 : 1, with high specificities and affinities, and these inclusion interactions were primarily enthalpy-driven processes. We synthesized the EGCG-β-CD complex and identified it using infrared radiation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Interestingly, we revealed that the EGCG-β-CD complex could inhibit osteoclastogenesis significantly more than EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Titi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zemin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Banglei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Chengting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan Kunming 650201 China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China +86-871-65226058 +86-871-65226058
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan Kunming 650201 China
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Tong T, Liu YJ, Kang J, Zhang CM, Kang SG. Antioxidant Activity and Main Chemical Components of a Novel Fermented Tea. Molecules 2019; 24:E2917. [PMID: 31408939 PMCID: PMC6720624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop a novel fermented tea (NFT) product and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant potential and chemical composition. We found that NFT contained a high level of total phenolic compounds (102.98 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and exhibited diverse antioxidant activities, such as scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, as well as reducing power. The total catechins in NFT were comparable to those of Lipton black tea (LBT), but lower than those of Boseong green tea (BGT) or Tieguanyin oolong tea (TOT). Among all catechins tested, epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) were the predominant compounds in NFT. In particular, the contents of total theaflavins (TFs), theaflavin (TF), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF3G), and theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF3'G) in NFT were significantly higher than that of BGT, TOT, or LBT. NFT had the highest level of total essential amino acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) compared with BGT, TOT and LBT. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation results showed that NFT had satisfactory color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability scores. Our results highlight the potential usefulness of this novel fermented tea as a nutraceutical food/ingredient with special functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Juan Liu
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Jinhong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea,
| | - Cheng-Mei Zhang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
| | - Seong-Gook Kang
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea.
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Osteoclast Differentiation and Possible Pharmaceutical Targets of ROS-Mediated Osteoclast Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143576. [PMID: 31336616 PMCID: PMC6678498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are essential for transmission of cell signals and other physiological functions. However, excessive amounts of ROS can cause cellular imbalance in reduction–oxidation reactions and disrupt normal biological functions, leading to oxidative stress, a condition known to be responsible for the development of several diseases. The biphasic role of ROS in cellular functions has been a target of pharmacological research. Osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone and are essential for skeletal growth and remodeling, for the maintenance of bone architecture throughout lifespan, and for calcium metabolism during bone homeostasis. ROS, including superoxide ion (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are important components that regulate the differentiation of osteoclasts. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS produced by osteoclasts stimulate and facilitate resorption of bone tissue. Thus, elucidating the effects of ROS during osteoclast differentiation is important when studying diseases associated with bone resorption such as osteoporosis. This review examines the effect of ROS on osteoclast differentiation and the efficacy of novel chemical compounds with therapeutic potential for osteoclast related diseases.
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Zhu S, Zhu L, Yu J, Wang Y, Peng B. Anti-osteoclastogenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate-functionalized gold nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5017-5032. [PMID: 31371944 PMCID: PMC6627179 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s204628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major anti-inflammatory compound in green tea, has been shown to suppress osteoclast (OC) differentiation. However, the low aqueous solubility of EGCG always leads to poor bioavailability, adverse effects, and several drawbacks for clinical applications. Purpose: In this study, we synthesized EGCG-capped gold nanoparticles (EGCG-GNPs) to solve the drawbacks for clinical uses of EGCG in bone destruction disorders by direct reduction of HAuCl4 in EGCG aqueous solution. Methods and Results: The obtained EGCG-GNPs were negatively charged and spherical. Theoretical calculation results suggested that EGCG was released from GNPs in an acidic environment. Cellular uptake study showed an obviously large amount of intracellular EGCG-GNPs without cytotoxicity. EGCG-GNPs exhibited better effects in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels than free EGCG. A more dramatic anti-osteoclastogenic effect induced by EGCG-GNPs than free EGCG was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow macrophages, including decreased formation of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and actin rings. Meanwhile, EGCG-GNPs not only suppressed the mRNA expression of genetic markers of OC differentiation but also inhibited MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed that EGCG-GNPs greatly reversed bone resorption in the LPS-induced calvarial bone erosion model in vivo, which was more effective than applying free EGCG, specifically in inhibiting the number of OCs, improving bone density, and preventing bone loss. Conclusion: EGCG-GNPs showed better anti-osteoclastogenic effect than free EGCG in vitro and in vivo, indicating their potential in anti-bone resorption treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Zheng Y, Xiao L, Yu C, Jin P, Qin D, Xu Y, Yin J, Liu Z, Du Q. Enhanced Antiarthritic Efficacy by Nanoparticles of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-Glucosamine-Casein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6476-6486. [PMID: 31117504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to improve the antiarthritic activity of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and glucosamine (GA) through fabrication and optimization of casein protein nanoparticles (EGC-NPs). Optimized EGC-NPs were obtained with a EGCG/GA/casein ratio of 1:2:8 (w/w/w). The EGC-NPs gave a mean size of 186 ± 3.5 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 86.8 ± 2.7%, and they exhibited a greater inhibitory activity against human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-osteoarthritis cells and human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-rheumatoid arthritis cells compared with that of the EGCG-GA mixture by 33.5% and 20.8%, respectively. Freeze-dried EGC-NPs stored at 25 °C during 12 months showed high dispersion stability. Moreover, the redispersion of the freeze-dried EGC-NPs produced almost no significant changes in their physicochemical properties and bioactivity. Rat experiments demonstrated that the antiarthritis effect of the EGC-NPs was significantly higher than that of EGCG-GA mixture, as assessed through an analysis of anti-inflammatory efficacy, radiographic images and histopathological assessments of paw joints, and immunohistochemical changes in serum cytokines. The enchanced antiarthritic activity in vivo was consistent with that in vitro. The EGC-NPs demonstrate potential as a food supplement for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, The College of Agricultural and Food Sciences , Zhejiang A & F University , Linan 311300 , China
| | - Lizheng Xiao
- Key Lab of Education Ministry for Tea Science, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Chenhuan Yu
- Experimental Animal Center of the Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou 310013 , China
| | - Peng Jin
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, The College of Agricultural and Food Sciences , Zhejiang A & F University , Linan 311300 , China
| | - Dingkui Qin
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, The College of Agricultural and Food Sciences , Zhejiang A & F University , Linan 311300 , China
| | - Yongquan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture , 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou 310008 , China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Lab of Education Ministry for Tea Science, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , China
| | - Qizhen Du
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, The College of Agricultural and Food Sciences , Zhejiang A & F University , Linan 311300 , China
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Corbo F, Brunetti G, Crupi P, Bortolotti S, Storlino G, Piacente L, Carocci A, Catalano A, Milani G, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Grano M, Franchini C, Clodoveo ML, D'Amato G, Faienza MF. Effects of Sweet Cherry Polyphenols on Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis Associated With Childhood Obesity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1001. [PMID: 31130968 PMCID: PMC6509551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with the development of severe comorbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures. The status of low-grade inflammation associated to obesity can be reversed through an enhanced physical activity and by consumption of food enrich of anti-inflammatory compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols. The aim of this study was to deepen the mechanisms of bone impairment in obese children and adolescents through the evaluation of the osteoclastogenic potential of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the assessment of the serum levels of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of polyphenol cherry extracts on osteoclastogenesis, as possible dietary treatment to improve bone health in obese subjects. High RANKL levels were measured in obese with respect to controls (115.48 ± 35.20 pg/ml vs. 87.18 ± 17.82 pg/ml; p < 0.01), while OPG levels were significantly reduced in obese than controls (378.02 ± 61.15 pg/ml vs. 436.75 ± 95.53 pg/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). Lower Ad-SoS- and BTT Z-scores were measured in obese compared to controls (p < 0.05). A significant elevated number of multinucleated TRAP+ osteoclasts (OCs) were observed in the un-stimulated cultures of obese subjects compared to the controls. Interestingly, obese subjects displayed a higher percentage of CD14+/CD16+ than controls. Furthermore, in the mRNA extracts of obese subjects we detected a 2.5- and 2-fold increase of TNFα and RANKL transcripts compared to controls, respectively. Each extract of sweet cherries determined a dose-dependent reduction in the formation of multinucleated TRAP+ OCs. Consistently, 24 h treatment of obese PBMCs with sweet cherry extracts from the three cultivars resulted in a significant reduction of the expression of TNFα. In conclusion, the bone impairment in obese children and adolescents is sustained by a spontaneous osteoclastogenesis that can be inhibited in vitro by the polyphenol content of sweet cherries. Thus, our study opens future perspectives for the use of sweet cherry extracts, appropriately formulated as nutraceutical food, as preventive in healthy children and therapeutic in obese ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Turi, Italy
| | - Sara Bortolotti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Piacente
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Paediatric Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Liu J, Lu Y, Liu J, Jin C, Meng Y, Pei D. Influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 31046751 PMCID: PMC6498622 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was recently proposed to have the potential to regulate bone metabolism, however, its influence on osteogenesis remains controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of EGCG on the proliferation and osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). METHODS Cells were cultured in osteogenic medium and treated with EGCG at various concentrations. Cell proliferation was analyzed using a CCK-8 assay and acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) potential of hPDLCs. The expression levels of osteogenic marker genes and proteins in hPDLCs, including type I collagen (COL1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), and osterix (OSX), were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was monitored both quantitatively and qualitatively. Extracellular matrix mineralization was further analyzed by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS The results showed that EGCG concentrations from 6 to 10 μM increased the ROS level and inhibited the cell proliferation of hPDLCs. EGCG concentrations from 2 to 8 μM effectively increased extracellular matrix mineralization, in which 4 and 6 μM EGCG generated the most mineralizing nodules. The ALP activity and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the tested osteogenic markers were most strongly up-regulated by treatment with 4 and 6 μM EGCG. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that EGCG might promote the osteogenesis of hPDLCs in a dose-dependent manner, with concentrations of 4 and 6 μM EGCG showing the strongest osteogenic enhancement without cytotoxicity, indicating a promising role for EGCG in periodontal regeneration in patients with deficient alveolar bone in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Periodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changxiong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuchen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Could Polyphenols Help in the Control of Rheumatoid Arthritis? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081589. [PMID: 31013659 PMCID: PMC6515230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, joint-invading, autoimmune inflammatory disease, which causes joint cartilage breakdown and bone damage, resulting in functional impairment and deformation of the joints. The percentage of RA patients has been rising and RA represents a substantial burden for patients around the world. Despite the development of many RA therapies, because of the side effects and low effectiveness of conventional drugs, patients still need and researchers are seeking new therapeutic alternatives. Polyphenols extracted from natural products are effective on several inflammatory diseases, including RA. In this review polyphenols are classified into four types: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes and others, among which mainly flavonoids are discussed. Researchers have reported that anti-RA efficacies of polyphenols are based mainly on three mechanisms: their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptotic properties. The main RA factors modified by polyphenols are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Polyphenols could be potent alternative RA therapies and sources for novel drugs for RA by affecting its key mechanisms.
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Domazetovic V, Marcucci G, Pierucci F, Bruno G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brandi ML, Iantomasi T, Meacci E, Vincenzini MT. Blueberry juice protects osteocytes and bone precursor cells against oxidative stress partly through SIRT1. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1082-1096. [PMID: 31006177 PMCID: PMC6551492 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and abnormal osteocyte apoptosis are often related to dysregulation of bone turnover and chronic bone loss, and so fruit and vegetables with high antioxidant potential may play an important role in the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis. Osteocytes are the main regulators of bone remodelling. For the first time, we demonstrate here that blueberry juice (BJ), obtained from Vaccinium myrtillus, rich in polyphenols, shows antioxidant and antiosteoclastogenic properties in MLO‐Y4 osteocytes. We report that BJ prevents oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and reverses the increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and sclerostin expression, crucial factors for osteoclast activation and bone resorption. BJ is also able to prevent oxidative stress‐induced cell cytotoxicity in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered to be an important tool for cell therapy in bone disorders. No significant difference in preventing these events was observed between BJ and blueberry dry extract containing equal amounts of total soluble polyphenols. We have also shown that blueberry acts as both an antioxidant and an activator of sirtuin type 1, a class III histone deacetylase involved in cell death regulation and considered a molecular target for blocking bone resorption without affecting osteoclast survival. Overall, these novel data obtained in osteocytes and MSCs may help us clarify the mechanisms by which blueberry counteracts oxidative stress‐induced damage in bone remodelling and osteogenesis at the cellular and molecular level. Our findings are consistent with the reported beneficial effects of blueberry on bone tissue reported in animal studies, which suggest that blueberry may be a useful supplement for the prevention and/or management of osteoporosis and osteogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Italy
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Theaflavin-3, 3'-Digallate Attenuates Rheumatoid Inflammation in Mice Through the Nuclear Factor-κB and MAPK Pathways. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:153-160. [PMID: 30874838 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease which impacts a large number of patients worldwide, and new drugs are required for lower the disease burden. Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (TFDG) is polyphenol exhibiting inhibition on inflammatory factors. This study aimed to explore the attenuation of TFDG on RA. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was established and administered with TFDG. The arthritis score and incidence was recorded to assess the amelioration of TFDG on arthritis. Histopathological change of the mouse joint tissues was evaluated by haemotoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 was quantified by ELISA. The activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the synovium were determined by Western blotting. In comparison with the control, administration of TFDG significantly reduced arthritis score and incidence in the CIA mouse model. TFDG significantly suppressed the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, as well as the levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3 in the synovium. TFDG also showed remarkable inhibition on the activation of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of P38, JNK2, and ERK. This study puts up evidence that TFDG exerts protection on RA via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB- and MAPK-signaling pathways.
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Rengasamy KR, Khan H, Gowrishankar S, Lagoa RJ, Mahomoodally FM, Khan Z, Suroowan S, Tewari D, Zengin G, Hassan ST, Pandian SK. The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:107-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nicolin V, De Tommasi N, Nori SL, Costantinides F, Berton F, Di Lenarda R. Modulatory Effects of Plant Polyphenols on Bone Remodeling: A Prospective View From the Bench to Bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:494. [PMID: 31396157 PMCID: PMC6663995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past, a more comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms implicated in bone resorption processes has driven researchers to develop a compound library of many small molecules that specifically interfere with the genesis of osteoclast precursors cells. Natural compounds that suppress osteoclast commitment may have therapeutic value in treating pathologies associated with bone resorption like osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastasis, and periodontal disease. The present review is focused on the current knowledge on the polyphenols derived from plants that could be efficacious in suppressing osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Nicolin
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Nicolin
| | | | | | | | - Federico Berton
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Li J, Zheng J. Theaflavins prevent cartilage degeneration via AKT/FOXO3 signaling in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:821-830. [PMID: 30569095 PMCID: PMC6323294 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) are the main bioactive polyphenols in tea and contribute to protection against oxidative stress. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation can lead to the disruption of cartilage homeostasis. The present study examined the potential effects of TFs on H2O2-induced cartilage degeneration in vitro. Cell Counting kit (CCK-8) was used to determine cell viability, and flow cytometric analysis was used to detect ROS, apoptosis and DNA damage. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of target factors. The present study revealed that TFs effectively reduced the expression of catabolic factors, including matrix metalloproteinase-13, interleukin-1 and cartilage glycoprotein 39. TFs inhibited ROS generation in cartilage degeneration, and suppressed apoptosis and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. TFs also downregulated the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, and the DNA damage-related genes, ATR serine/threonine kinase and ATM serine/threonine kinase. Furthermore, TFs enhanced the activity of glutathione peroxidase 1 and catalase, but reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and p-Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)a. Conversely, the effects of TFs on apoptosis and DNA damage were reversed by persistent activation of AKT. In conclusion, TFs prevented cartilage degeneration via AKT/FOXO3 signaling in vitro. The present study suggested that TFs may be a potential candidate drug for the prevention of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Kuraji R, Taya Y, Ito H, Numabe Y. Effects of theaflavins on tissue inflammation and bone resorption on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:1009-1019. [PMID: 30159985 PMCID: PMC6221153 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Theaflavins (TFs), the major polyphenol in black tea, have the ability to reduce inflammation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TFs on experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty rats were divided into five groups: Control (glycerol application without ligation), Ligature (glycerol application with ligation), TF1 (1 mg/mL TF application with ligation), TF10 (10 mg/mL TF application with ligation), and TF100 (100 mg/mL TF application with ligation). To induce experimental periodontitis, ligatures were placed around maxillary first molars bilaterally. After ligature placement, 100 μL glycerol or TFs were topically applied to the rats daily, and rats were euthanized 7 days after ligature placement. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure bone resorption in the left side of the maxilla, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, growth-regulated gene product/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (Gro/Cinc-1, rat equivalent of IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand (Rankl), osteoprotegerin (Opg), and the Rankl/Opg ratio in gingival tissue. With tissue from the right side of the maxilla, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for histological analysis, immunohistochemical staining for leukocyte common antigen (CD45) was used to assess inflammation, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to observe the number of osteoclasts. RESULTS The TF10 and TF100 groups, but not the TF1 group, had significant inhibition of alveolar bone loss, reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in the periodontium, and significantly reduced numbers of CD45-positive cells and TRAP-positive osteoclasts compared with the Ligature group. Correspondingly, the TF10 and TF100 groups had significantly downregulated gene expression of IL-6, Gro/Cinc-1(IL-8), Mmp-9, and Rankl, but not of Opg. Consequently, Rankl/Opg expression was significantly increased in the Ligation group but was attenuated in the TF10 and TF100 groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that topical application of TFs may reduce inflammation and bone resorption in experimental periodontitis. Therefore, TFs have therapeutic potential in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Hsin Wu
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Science DentistryThe Nippon Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of PathologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of PeriodontologyThe Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at TokyoTokyoJapan
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Habitual Tea Consumption and Risk of Fracture in 0.5 Million Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111633. [PMID: 30400175 PMCID: PMC6265708 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tea consumption may have favorable effects on risk of fracture. However, little is known about such association in Chinese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association between tea consumption and risk of hospitalized fracture in Chinese adults. Methods: The present study included 453,625 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Tea consumption was self-reported at baseline. Hospitalized fractures were ascertained through linkage with local health insurance claim databases. The results: During a median of 10.1 years of follow-up, we documented 12,130 cases of first-time any fracture hospitalizations, including 1376 cases of hip fracture. Compared with never tea consumers, daily tea consumption was associated with lower risk of any fracture (hazard ratio (HR): 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 0.93). Statistically significant reduced risk of hip fracture was shown among daily consumers who most commonly drank green tea (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97) and those who had drunk tea for more than 30 years (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.87). Our conclusions: Habitual tea consumption was associated with moderately decreased risk of any fracture hospitalizations. Participants with decades of tea consumption and those who preferred green tea were also associated with lower risk of hip fracture.
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