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Liu J, Meng L, Liu Z, Lu M, Wang R. Identification of HDAC9 and ARRDC4 as potential biomarkers and targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7083. [PMID: 38528189 PMCID: PMC10963792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the key potential insulin resistance (IR)-related genes and investigate their correlation with immune cell infiltration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The GSE78721 dataset (68 diabetic patients and 62 controls) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and utilized for single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. IR-related genes were obtained from the Comparative Toxicology Genetics Database, and the final IR-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by intersecting with the DEGs obtained from the GSE78721 datasets. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, and the networks of the target gene with microRNA, transcription factor, and drug were constructed. Hub genes were identified based on a protein-protein interaction network. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Random Forest and Boruta analysis were combined to screen diagnostic biomarkers in T2D, which were validated using the GSE76894 (19 diabetic patients and 84 controls) and GSE9006 (12 diabetic patients and 24 controls) datasets. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the biomarker expression in IR mice and control mice. In addition, infiltration of immune cells in T2D and their correlation with the identified markers were computed using CIBERSORT. We identified differential immune gene set regulatory T-cells in the GSE78721 dataset, and T2D samples were assigned into three clusters based on immune infiltration. A total of 2094 IR-DEGs were primarily enriched in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Importantly, HDAC9 and ARRDC4 were identified as markers of T2D and associated with different levels of immune cell infiltration. HDAC9 mRNA level were higher in the IR mice than in control mice, while ARRDC4 showed the opposite trend. In summary, we discovered potential vital biomarkers that contribute to immune cell infiltration associated with IR, which offers a new sight of immunotherapy for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Meng
- General Medical Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Medical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
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Aguayo-Guerrero JA, León-Cabrera S, Escobedo G. Molecular mechanisms involved in fetal programming and disease origin in adulthood. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 0:jpem-2022-0491. [PMID: 37235772 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fetal programming occurs during the gestational age when exposure to environmental stimuli can cause long-term changes in the fetus, predisposing it to develop chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in adulthood. Herein, we summarized the role of low-calorie or high-fat diets during pregnancy as fetal programming agents that induce intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), amplified de novo lipogenesis, and increased amino acid transport to the placenta, which favor the CNCD onset in the offspring. We also outlined how maternal obesity and gestational diabetes act as fetal programming stimuli by reducing iron absorption and oxygen transport to the fetus, stimulating inflammatory pathways that boost neurological disorders and CNCD in the progeny. Moreover, we reviewed the mechanisms through which fetal hypoxia elevates the offspring's risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adult life by unbalancing the renin-angiotensin system and promoting kidney cell apoptosis. Finally, we examined how inadequate vitamin B12 and folic acid consumption during pregnancy programs the fetus to greater adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in adulthood. A better understanding of the fetal programming mechanisms may help us reduce the onset of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other CNCD in the offspring during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alfredo Aguayo-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia León-Cabrera
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico, Mexico
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
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Metabolic Profiling and Investigation of the Modulatory Effect of Fagonia cretica L. Aerial Parts on Hepatic CYP3A4 and UGT2B7 Enzymes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010119. [PMID: 36670981 PMCID: PMC9854966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-metabolizing enzymes are either boosted or suppressed by diabetes mellitus. This research was designed to explore Fagonia cretica L. aerial parts' impact on CYP3A4 and UGT2B7 activity and their mRNA expression in diabetic rats. Fagonia cretica (F. cretica) dried powder was sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The methanol extract and aqueous fraction presented the most significant potential to decrease the concentration of alpha-hydroxyl midazolam, with 176.0 ± 0.85 mg/Kg and 182.9 ± 0.99 mg/Kg, respectively, compared to the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic group, reflecting the inhibition in CYP3A4 activity. The fold change in mRNA expression of CYP3A4 was decreased significantly by the methanol extract, and the aqueous fraction of F. cretica estimated by 0.15 ± 0.002 and 0.16 ± 0.001, respectively, compared with the diabetic group. Morphine metabolism was significantly increased in rats treated with F. cretica methanol extract and its aqueous fraction, displaying 93.4 ± 0.96 mg/Kg and 96.4 ± 1.27 mg/Kg, respectively, compared with the metabolism of morphine in the diabetic group, which highlights the induction of UGT2B7 activity. The fold change in mRNA expression of UGT2B7 was significantly increased by the methanol extract and the aqueous fraction, estimated at 8.14 ± 0.26 and 7.17 ± 0.23 respectively, compared to the diabetic group. Phytochemical analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where the methanol extract showed more flavonoids and phenolic compounds compared to the aqueous fraction of F. cretica. The obtained results were further consolidated by molecular docking studies, where quercetin showed the best fitting within the active pocket of CYP3A4, followed by gallic acid, displaying free binding energies (∆G) of -30.83 and -23.12 kcal/mol, respectively. Thus, F. cretica could serve as a complementary medicine with standard anti-diabetic therapy that can modulate the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Kim JH, Sunwoo J, Song JH, Seo YB, Jung WT, Nam KY, Kim Y, Lee HJ, Moon J, Jung JG, Hong JH. Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Atorvastatin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Healthy Volunteers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:962. [PMID: 36015110 PMCID: PMC9415283 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between statins and omega-3 fatty acids remains controversial. The aim of this phase 1 trial was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of drug-drug interaction between atorvastatin and omega-3 fatty acids. Treatments were once-daily oral administrations of omega-3 (4 g), atorvastatin (40 mg), and both for 14 days, 7 days, and 14 days, respectively, with washout periods. The concentrations of atorvastatin, 2-OH-atorvastatin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were determined with LC-MS/MS. Parameters of DHA and EPA were analyzed after baseline correction. A total of 37 subjects completed the study without any major violations. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the co-administration of a single drug for the area under the concentration-time curve during the dosing interval at steady state of atorvastatin, 2-OH-atorvastatin, DHA, and EPA were 1.042 (0.971-1.118), 1.185 (1.113-1.262), 0.157 (0.091-0.271), and 0.557 (0.396-0.784), respectively. The GMRs (90% Cis) for the co-administration at steady state of atorvastatin, 2-OH-atorvastatin, DHA, and EPA were 1.150 (0.990-1.335), 1.301 (1.2707-1.1401), 0.320 (0.243-0.422), and 0.589 (0.487-0.712), respectively. The 90% CIs for most primary endpoints were outside the range of typical bioequivalence, indicating a pharmacokinetic interaction between atorvastatin and omega-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Kim
- Chungnam National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.S.); (J.H.S.); (Y.-B.S.)
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jung Sunwoo
- Chungnam National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.S.); (J.H.S.); (Y.-B.S.)
- Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Song
- Chungnam National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.S.); (J.H.S.); (Y.-B.S.)
| | - Yu-Bin Seo
- Chungnam National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.S.); (J.H.S.); (Y.-B.S.)
| | - Won Tae Jung
- Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea; (W.T.J.); (K.-Y.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kyu-Yeol Nam
- Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea; (W.T.J.); (K.-Y.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - YeSeul Kim
- Korea United Pharm., Inc., Seoul 06116, Korea; (W.T.J.); (K.-Y.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hye Jung Lee
- Caleb Multilab., Inc., Seoul 06745, Korea; (H.J.L.); (J.M.)
| | - JungHa Moon
- Caleb Multilab., Inc., Seoul 06745, Korea; (H.J.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Chungnam National University Hospital Clinical Trials Center, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (J.H.K.); (J.S.); (J.H.S.); (Y.-B.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Wen Y, Liu Y, Huang Q, Farag MA, Li X, Wan X, Zhao C. Nutritional assessment models for diabetes and aging. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qihui Huang
- College of Marine Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Sciences Ourense Spain
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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Huang T, Nazir B, Altaf R, Zang B, Zafar H, Paiva-Santos AC, Niaz N, Imran M, Duan Y, Abbas M, Ilyas U. A meta-analysis of genome-wide gene expression differences identifies promising targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:985857. [PMID: 36051390 PMCID: PMC9424486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.985857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Due to the heterogeneous nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complex effects on hemodynamics, there is a need to identify new candidate markers which are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and can serve as potential targets. As the global diabetes prevalence in 2019 was estimated as 9.3% (463 million people), rising to 10.2% (578 million) by 2030 and 10.9% (700 million) by 2045, the need to limit this rapid prevalence is of concern. The study aims to identify the possible biomarkers of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the help of the system biology approach using R programming. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several target proteins that were found to be associated with the source genes were further curated for their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The differential expression analysis provided 50 differentially expressed genes by pairwise comparison between the biologically comparable groups out of which eight differentially expressed genes were short-listed. These DEGs were as follows: MCL1, PTX3, CYP3A4, PTGS1, SSTR2, SERPINA3, TDO2, and GALNT7. RESULTS The cluster analysis showed clear differences between the control and treated groups. The functional relationship of the signature genes showed a protein-protein interaction network with the target protein. Moreover, several transcriptional factors such as DBX2, HOXB7, POU3F4, MSX2, EBF1, and E4F1 showed association with these identified differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSIONS The study highlighted the important markers for diabetes mellitus that have shown interaction with other proteins having a role in the progression of diabetes mellitus that can serve as new targets in the management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bisma Nazir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Reem Altaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bolun Zang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nabeela Niaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Umair Ilyas, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Umair Ilyas, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
| | - Umair Ilyas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Umair Ilyas, ; Muhammad Abbas, ; Yongtao Duan,
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Hu N, Liu X, Mu Q, Yu M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Chen R, Wang L. The gut microbiota contributes to the modulation of intestinal CYP3A1 and P-gp in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105833. [PMID: 33826935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic and intestinal CYP3A and P-gp in diabetic rats exhibit opposite expression patterns. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, CYP3A1 and P-gp protein and mRNA expression levels in liver and different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were compared between diabetic and normal rats. The microbiota in the ileum and colon contents was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Caco-2 cells were incubated with serum or culture supernatant of colon contents from diabetic and normal rats, and CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA levels were measured. Compared with that in normal rats, hepatic CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression in diabetic rats was increased. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein was not changed in the duodenum and jejunum but significantly decreased by 29-41% in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats. Cyp3a1 and Abcb1a mRNA expression results were similar to the protein expression results. The composition of some bacteria changed significantly in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats compared with normal rats. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression was positively correlated with Lachnoclostridium and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae but negatively correlated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and several genera belonging to the family Prevotellaceae. In addition, in vitro cell culture experiments showed that serum from diabetic rats significantly induced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression, while the supernatant of colon contents of diabetic rats significantly reduced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression by 45% and 86% respectively in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, diabetes exhibited synchronous and regional effects on CYP3A and P-gp expression in the intestinal tract, in which gut microbiota dysbiosis might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China; Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, 223005, China
| | - Qinfeng Mu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
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Yang Y, Liu X. Imbalance of Drug Transporter-CYP450s Interplay by Diabetes and Its Clinical Significance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E348. [PMID: 32290519 PMCID: PMC7238081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a drug is dependent upon the coordinate work of influx transporters, enzymes and efflux transporters (i.e., transporter-enzyme interplay). The transporter-enzyme interplay may occur in liver, kidney and intestine. The influx transporters involving drug transport are organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), peptide transporters (PepTs), organic anion transporters (OATs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and organic cation transporters (OCTs). The efflux transporters are P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug/toxin extrusions (MATEs), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The enzymes related to drug metabolism are mainly cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that diabetes alters the expression and functions of CYP450s and transporters in a different manner, disordering the transporter-enzyme interplay, in turn affecting the pharmacokinetics of some drugs. We aimed to focus on (1) the imbalance of transporter-CYP450 interplay in the liver, intestine and kidney due to altered expressions of influx transporters (OATPs, OCTs, OATs, PepTs and MCT6), efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP and MRP2) and CYP450s (CYP3As, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2Cs) under diabetic status; (2) the net contributions of these alterations in the expression and functions of transporters and CYP450s to drug disposition, therapeutic efficacy and drug toxicity; (3) application of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model in transporter-enzyme interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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Luo Y, Wang L, Lv Y, Wu X, Hou C, Li J. Regulation mechanism of silkworm pupa oil PUFAs on cholesterol metabolism in hepatic cell L-02. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1418-1425. [PMID: 31667852 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm pupa oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (SPO PUFA) has been confirmed to have a cholesterol-lowering function. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of SPO PUFA and its main component, α-linolenic acid (ALA), on the metabolism of cholesterol and its regulation was investigated. The model of lipid denatured cells were constructed to carry out lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism and transformation. Real-time PCR and western blots were also used to analyze the expression levels of related genes and proteins to investigate the cholesterol efflux regulation mechanism. The data indicated that SPO PUFA and ALA dose-dependently decreased intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and enhanced total bile acid (TBA). They could also promote cholesterol removal by enhancing bile acid secretion and by upregulating genes LXRα, PPARγ, ABCA1, ABCG1, and CYP7A1, which were regulated by LXRα/PPARγ-ABCA1/ABCG1-CYP7A1 nuclear receptor signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study is of great significance in maintaining the balance of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and in reducing the risk of steatohepatitis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongzhong Lv
- Gansu Research Institute of Sports Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Hou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianke Li
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- University Key Laboratory of Food Processing Byproducts for Advanced Development and High Value Utilization, Xi'an, China
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Chatuphonprasert W, Nawaratt N, Jarukamjorn K. Reused palm oil from frying pork or potato induced expression of cytochrome P450s and the SLCO1B1 transporter in HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13178. [PMID: 32160325 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Deep frying degrades the oil and generates harmful products. This study evaluated effects of reused palm oil (from frying pork or potato) on expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), the transporter (SLCO1B1), and lipid metabolism regulators; proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). Human hepatic carcinoma cell line (HepG2) cells were incubated with oleic acid (OA), new palm oil, or reused palm oils for 24 hr. Fatty acid accumulation was examined by Nile red staining. Total RNA was extracted, followed by RT/qPCR of the target genes. Fatty acid accumulation was significantly different between the new and the reused oils. Expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP4A11, and SLCO1B1 was induced by reused oils. Expression of PPAR-α was strongly increased in all treatments while SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c were suppressed. Modification of CYPs, PPAR-α, and SLCO1B1 by palm oil might increase the risk of fatty acid accumulation with associated oxidative stress. Therefore, consumption of palm oil or reused oil should be limited. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Deep frying degrades the oil and generates harmful products. This study evaluated effects of reused palm oil (from frying pork or potato) on expression of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), the transporter (SLCO1B1), and lipid metabolism regulators; PPAR and SREBP in HepG2 cells. Both of the reused oils-induced profiles of all CYP and SLCO1B1, but the new oil upregulated CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP4A11. PPAR-α was induced while SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c were suppressed by all treatments. Inductions of CYPs with suppression of SREBP-1a and SREBP-1c might contribute to an increased risk of fatty acid accumulation. These findings revealed the impacts of reused palm oil on metabolism via CYPs which related to oxidative stress for further study. Hence, consumption of palm oil or reused cooking oil should be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawaratt Nawaratt
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Jarukamjorn
- Research Group for Pharmaceutical Activities of Natural Products using Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Ko E, Kim D, Kim K, Choi M, Shin S. The action of low doses of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on mitochondrial function in zebrafish eyes and comparison with hyperglycemia to identify a link between POPs and diabetes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:275-283. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1717704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ko
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials Graduate School, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials Graduate School, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsung Choi
- Department of Optometry, College of Energy and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooim Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials Graduate School, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ishikawa T, Suwanai H, Shikuma J, Suzuki R, Yamanaka T, Odawara M, Inazu M. Protein kinase C promotes choline transporter‑like protein 1 function via improved cell surface expression in immortalized human hepatic cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:777-785. [PMID: 31974614 PMCID: PMC6947888 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is used to synthesize phospholipids and a lack of choline induces a number of liver-related diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The current study characterized the choline uptake system, at molecular and functional levels, in the immortalized human hepatic cell line, Fa2N-4, to identify the specific choline transporter involved in choline uptake. The present study also assesed whether choline deficiency or the inhibited choline uptake affected cell viability and apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNA and protein expression in Fa2N-4 cells. [Methyl-3H]choline studies revealed choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system that functioned in a Na+-independent but pH-dependent manner, which was similar to CTL1. Hemicholinium-3 (HC-3), which is a choline uptake inhibitor, and choline deficiency inhibited cell viability, increased caspase-3 and −7 activities, and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V immunofluorescent staining indicated apoptosis. Immunofluorescent staining also revealed CTL1 and CTL2 localized in plasma and mitochondrial membranes, respectively. [Methyl-3H]choline uptake was enhanced by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis demonstrated increased CTL1 expression on the cell membrane following PMA treatment. The results of current study indicated that extracellular choline is primarily transported via CTL1, relying on a direct H+ gradient that functions as a driving force in Fa2N-4 cells. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that CTL1 and the choline uptake system are strongly associated with cell survival, and that the choline uptake system is modulated by PKC signaling via increased CTL1 expression on the cell surface. These findings provide further insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease involving choline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishikawa
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suwanai
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Junpei Shikuma
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
| | - Masato Odawara
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑0023, Japan
| | - Masato Inazu
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan
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13
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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14
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Alnahdi A, John A, Raza H. Augmentation of Glucotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells by Palmitic Acid. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091979. [PMID: 31443411 PMCID: PMC6770774 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are the hallmarks of diabetes and obesity. Experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested that dietary management and caloric restriction are beneficial in reducing the complications of diabesity. Studies have suggested that increased availability of energy metabolites like glucose and saturated fatty acids induces metabolic, oxidative, and mitochondrial stress, accompanied by inflammation that may lead to chronic complications in diabetes. In the present study, we used human hepatoma HepG2 cells to investigate the effects of high glucose (25 mM) and high palmitic acid (up to 0.3 mM) on metabolic-, inflammatory-, and redox-stress-associated alterations in these cells. Our results showed increased lipid, protein, and DNA damage, leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glucolipotoxicity increased ROS production and redox stress appeared to alter mitochondrial membrane potential and bioenergetics. Our results also demonstrate the enhanced ability of cytochrome P450s-dependent drug metabolism and antioxidant adaptation in HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid, which was further augmented with high glucose. Altered NF-kB/AMPK/mTOR-dependent cell signaling and inflammatory (IL6/TNF-α) responses were also observed. Our results suggest that the presence of high-energy metabolites enhances apoptosis while suppressing autophagy by inducing inflammatory and oxidative stress responses that may be responsible for alterations in cell signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Alnahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box-17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box-17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box-17666, Al Ain, UAE.
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15
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Huang Z, Wang M, Liu L, Peng J, Guo C, Chen X, Huang L, Tan J, Yang G. Transcriptional Repression of CYP3A4 by Increased miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p Promotes Steatosis in vitro. Front Genet 2019; 10:484. [PMID: 31191607 PMCID: PMC6546834 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme activities correlate with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic steatosis. The decreased activity of CYP3A4, an important drug-metabolizing enzyme, is associated with the progression of NAFLD. CYP3A4 is predicted as a target gene of miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p by MicroInspector and TargetScan algorithms analyses. Here, we found decreased CYP3A4 and increased miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p in LO2 cells with free fatty acid (FFA)-induced steatosis. Dual-luciferase assay confirmed that both miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of CYP3A4 and that such interaction was abolished by miRNA binding site mutations in 3'-UTR of CYP3A4. Using miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p mimics and inhibitors, we further confirmed that endogenous CYP3A4 was regulated posttranscriptionally by miR-200a-3p or miR-150-5p. Moreover, miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p inhibitors attenuated FFA-induced steatosis in LO2 cells, and such effect was dependent on CYP3Y4 expression. These results suggest that miR-200a-3p and miR-150-5p, through directly targeting 3'-UTR of CYP3A4, contribute to the development of FFA-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfu Peng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengxian Guo
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Life Science School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Chen F, Li DY, Zhang B, Sun JY, Sun F, Ji X, Qiu JC, Parker RB, Laizure SC, Xu J. Alterations of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters under diabetic conditions: what is the potential clinical significance? Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:369-397. [PMID: 30221555 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1497645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - De-Yi Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert B. Parker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S. Casey Laizure
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Translational Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Dong ST, Niu HM, Wu Y, Jiang JL, Li Y, Jiang KY, Wang X, Zhang MF, Han MF, Meng SN. Plasma Pharmacokinetic Determination of Canagliflozin and Its Metabolites in a Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model by UPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051229. [PMID: 29783787 PMCID: PMC6100046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Canagliflozin is a novel, orally selective inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, a sensitive and efficient UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of canagliflozin and its metabolites in rat plasma was established and applied to pharmacokinetics in a type 2 diabetic rat model. We firstly investigated the pharmacokinetic changes of canagliflozin and its metabolites in type 2 diabetic rats in order to use canagliflozin more safely, reasonably and effectively. We identified three types of O-glucuronide metabolites (M5, M7 and M17), two kinds of oxidation metabolites (M8 and M9) and one oxidation and glucuronide metabolite (M16) using API 5600 triple-TOF-MS/MS. Following liquid–liquid extraction by tert-butyl methyl ether, chromatographic separation of canagliflozin and its metabolites were performed on a Waters XBridge BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) using 0.1% acetonitrile–formic acid (75:15, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Selected ion monitoring transitions of m/z 462.00→191.10, 451.20→153.10, 638.10→191.10 and 478.00→267.00 were chosen to quantify canagliflozin, empagliflozin (IS), O-glucuronide metabolites (M5, M7 and M17), and oxidation metabolites (M9) using an API 5500-triple-MS/MS in the positive electrospray ionization mode. The validation of the method was found to be of sufficient specificity, accuracy and precision. The pathological condition of diabetes could result in altered pharmacokinetic behaviors of canagliflozin and its metabolites. The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, CLz/F, and Vz/F) of canagliflozin were significantly different between the CTRL and DM group rats (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), which may subsequently cause different therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Hui-Min Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Jia-Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Kun-Yu Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Mao-Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Ming-Feng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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18
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The enhanced atorvastatin hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats was partly attributed to the upregulated hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33072. [PMID: 27624558 PMCID: PMC5021965 DOI: 10.1038/srep33072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a common adverse effect of atorvastatin. This study aimed to investigate atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. The results showed that 40 mg/kg atorvastatin was lethal to diabetic rats, whose mean survival time was 6.2 days. Severe liver injury also occurred in diabetic rats treated with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg atorvastatin. The in vitro results indicated that atorvastatin cytotoxicity in hepatocytes of diabetic rats was more severe than normal and high-fat diet feeding rats. Expressions and activities of hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 were increased in diabetic rats, which were highly correlated with hepatotoxicity. Antioxidants (glutathione and N-Acetylcysteine), Cyp3a inhibitor ketoconazole and SLCO1B1 inhibitor gemfibrozil suppressed cytotoxicity and ROS formation in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats. In HepG2 cells, up-regulations of CYP3A4 and SLCO1B1 potentiated hepatotoxicity and ROS generation, whereas knockdowns of CYP3A4 and SLCO1B1 as well as CYP3A4/SLCO1B1 inhibitions showed the opposite effects. Phenobarbital pretreatment was used to induce hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 in rats. Phenobarbital aggravated atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity, while decreased plasma exposure of atorvastatin. All these findings demonstrated that the upregulations of hepatic Cyp3a and SLCO1B1 in diabetic rats potentiated atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity via increasing ROS formation.
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19
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Zhang M, Liu C, Hu MY, Zhang J, Xu P, Li F, Zhong ZY, Liu L, Liu XD. High-fat diet enhanced retinal dehydrogenase activity, but suppressed retinol dehydrogenase activity in liver of rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:430-8. [PMID: 25953270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that hyperlipidemia is associated with retinoid dyshomeostasis. In liver, retinol is mainly oxidized to retinal by retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) and alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), further converted to retinoic acid by retinal dehydrogenases (RALDHs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia affected activity and expression of hepatic ADHs/RDHs and RALDHs in rats. Results showed that retinol levels in liver, kidney and adipose tissue of HFD rats were significantly increased, while plasma retinol and hepatic retinal levels were markedly decreased. HFD rats exhibited significantly downregulated hepatic ADHs/RDHs activity and Adh1, Rdh10 and Dhrs9 expression. Oppositely, hepatic RALDHs activity and Raldh1 expression were upregulated in HFD rats. In HepG2 cells, treatment of HFD rat serum inhibited ADHs/RDHs activity and induced RALDHs activity. Among the tested abnormally altered components in HFD rat serum, cholesterol reduced ADHs/RDHs activity and RDH10 expression, while induced RALDHs activity and RALDH1 expression in HepG2 cells. Contrary to the effect of cholesterol, cholesterol-lowering agent pravastatin upregulated ADHs/RDHs activity and RDH10 expression, while suppressed RALDHs activity and RALDH1 expression. In conclusion, hyperlipidemia oppositely altered activity and expression of hepatic ADHs/RDHs and RALDHs, which is partially due to the elevated cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Can Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng-yue Hu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ze-yu Zhong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiao-dong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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