1
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Mangner N, Winzer EB, Linke A, Adams V. Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1149065. [PMID: 37965088 PMCID: PMC10641491 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effects on locomotor and respiratory muscles, in particular the diaphragm. Moreover, current and future therapeutic options to address skeletal muscle weakness will be discussed focusing mainly on the effects of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Mangner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ephraim B. Winzer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Gallagher H, Hendrickse PW, Pereira MG, Bowen TS. Skeletal muscle atrophy, regeneration, and dysfunction in heart failure: Impact of exercise training. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:557-567. [PMID: 37040849 PMCID: PMC10466197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights some established and some more contemporary mechanisms responsible for heart failure (HF)-induced skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. We first describe the effects of HF on the relationship between protein synthesis and degradation rates, which determine muscle mass, the involvement of the satellite cells for continual muscle regeneration, and changes in myofiber calcium homeostasis linked to contractile dysfunction. We then highlight key mechanistic effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle in HF and outline its application as a beneficial treatment. Overall, HF causes multiple impairments related to autophagy, anabolic-catabolic signaling, satellite cell proliferation, and calcium homeostasis, which together promote fiber atrophy, contractile dysfunction, and impaired regeneration. Although both wasting and weakness are partly rescued by aerobic and resistance exercise training in HF, the effects of satellite cell dynamics remain poorly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Gallagher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul W Hendrickse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marcelo G Pereira
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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3
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Cheng J, Wang L, Wang S, Chen R, Zhang T, Ma H, Lu H, Yuan G. Transcriptomic analysis of thigh muscle of Lueyang black-bone chicken in free-range and caged feeding. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-11. [PMID: 34965837 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1993235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lueyang black-bone chicken is free-range in hilly areas and has unique genetic characteristics and excellent muscle quality. However, the molecular mechanisms of breeding mode influence growth and meat quality in Lueyang black-bone chicken are still unclear. Here we analyzed the meat quality and transcriptome data of thigh muscle by comparing free-range and caged modes at the age of 60 and 120 days in Lueyang black-boned chicken. The results demonstrated that the free-range mode could improve the pH value, tenderness, and reducing the hardness of the thigh muscle. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the thigh muscle was markedly higher in the caged chickens compared with free-range animals at the age of 60 days. Functional pathway analysis illustrated that tight junction signaling was associated with the formation of slow-twitch fibers in free-range chickens at age of 120 days. All research data proved that the free-range mode could improve muscle quality by promoting the formation of slow-twitch fibers and IMF in thigh muscle in Lueyang black-bone chicken. Based on the animal benefit and healthy, the free-range feeding should be considered during the breeding process of broiler chicken. The results provide good knowledge of the functional molecular mechanisms associated with muscle quality in Lueyang black-bone chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cheng
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hongzhao Lu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Shaanxi Baiweiyuan Network Technology Co., Ltd, Hanzhong, China
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4
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Eshima H. Influence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Calcium Handling by Skeletal Muscle: Spotlight on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758316. [PMID: 34795598 PMCID: PMC8592904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have been shown to interfere with energy metabolism and cause peripheral insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, recent studies have focused on the effect metabolic insult has on the loss of muscle size, strength, and physical function. Contractile dysfunction has been linked to impaired intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulation. In skeletal muscle, [Ca2+]i homeostasis is highly regulated by Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma/plasma membrane, the golgi apparatus, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria. Particularly, the SR and or mitochondria play an important role in the fine-tuning of this metabolic process. Recent studies showed that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with interactions between the SR and mitochondrial networks (the dynamic tubular reticulum formed by mitochondria), suggesting that metabolic disorders alter Ca2+ handling by these organelles. These interactions are facilitated by specific membrane proteins, including ion channels. This review considers the impact of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, on the regulation of [Ca2+]i in skeletal muscle. It also discusses the mechanisms by which this occurs, focusing chiefly on the SR and mitochondria networks. A deeper understanding of the effect of metabolic disorders on calcium handling might be useful for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of International Tourism, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, Japan
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5
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Campos JC, Baehr LM, Ferreira ND, Bozi LHM, Andres AM, Ribeiro MAC, Gottlieb RA, Bodine SC, Ferreira JCB. β 2 -adrenoceptor activation improves skeletal muscle autophagy in neurogenic myopathy. FASEB J 2020; 34:5628-5641. [PMID: 32112488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
β2 -adrenoceptor agonists improve autophagy and re-establish proteostasis in cardiac cells; therefore, suggesting autophagy as a downstream effector of β2 -adrenoceptor signaling pathway. Here, we used the pharmacological and genetic tools to determine the autophagy effect of sustained β2 -adrenoceptor activation in rodents with neurogenic myopathy, which display impaired skeletal muscle autophagic flux. Sustained β2 -adrenoceptor activation using Formoterol (10 μg kg-1 day-1 ), starting at the onset of neurogenic myopathy, prevents disruption of autophagic flux in skeletal muscle 14 days after sciatic nerve constriction. These changes are followed by reduction of the cytotoxic protein levels and increased skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and contractility properties. Of interest, sustained administration of Formoterol at lower concentration (1 μg kg-1 day-1 ) induces similar improvements in skeletal muscle autophagic flux and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy, without affecting the cross-sectional area. Sustained pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using Chloroquine (50 mg kg-1 day-1 ) abolishes the beneficial effects of β2 -adrenoceptor activation on the skeletal muscle proteostasis and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy. Further supporting an autophagy mechanism for β2 -adrenoceptor activation, skeletal muscle-specific deletion of ATG7 blunts the beneficial effects of β2 -adrenoceptor on skeletal muscle proteostasis and contractility properties in neurogenic myopathy in mice. These findings suggest autophagy as a critical downstream effector of β2 -adrenoceptor signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Campos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nikolas D Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allen M Andres
- The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Márcio A C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical & Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
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7
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Effects of Individualized Treadmill Endurance Training on Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscles of Transgenic Sickle Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3765643. [PMID: 31428225 PMCID: PMC6681588 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3765643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key feature in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Endurance training has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the heart and the liver of sickle mice. However, the effects of endurance training on skeletal muscles, which are major producers of reactive oxygen species during exercise, are currently unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sickle genotype on prooxidant/antioxidant response to individualized endurance training in skeletal muscles of sickle mice. Healthy and homozygous Townes sickle mice were divided into trained or sedentary groups. Maximal aerobic speed and V̇O2 peak were determined using an incremental test on a treadmill. Trained mice ran at 40% to 60% of maximal aerobic speed, 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Oxidative stress markers, prooxidant/antioxidant response, and citrate synthase enzyme activities were assessed in the gastrocnemius, in the plantaris, and in the soleus muscles. Maximal aerobic speed and V̇O2 peak were significantly reduced in sickle compared to healthy mice (-57% and -17%; p < 0.001). NADPH oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities significantly increased after training in the gastrocnemius of sickle mice only. A similar trend was observed for citrate synthase activity in sickle mice (p = 0.06). In this study, we showed an adaptive response to individualized endurance training on the prooxidant/antioxidant balance in the gastrocnemius, but neither in the plantaris nor in the soleus of trained sickle mice, suggesting an effect of sickle genotype on skeletal muscle response to endurance treadmill training.
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8
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Sujkowski A, Spierer AN, Rajagopalan T, Bazzell B, Safdar M, Imsirovic D, Arking R, Rand DM, Wessells R. Mito-nuclear interactions modify Drosophila exercise performance. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:188-205. [PMID: 30408593 PMCID: PMC7035791 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endurance exercise has received increasing attention as a broadly preventative measure against age-related disease and dysfunction. Improvement of mitochondrial quality by enhancement of mitochondrial turnover is thought to be among the important molecular mechanisms underpinning the benefits of exercise. Interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are important components of the genetic basis for variation in longevity, fitness and the incidence of disease. Here, we examine the effects of replacing the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of several Drosophila strains with mtDNA from other strains, or from closely related species, on exercise performance. We find that mitochondria from flies selected for longevity increase the performance of flies from a parental strain. We also find evidence that mitochondria from other strains or species alter exercise performance, with examples of both beneficial and deleterious effects. These findings suggest that both the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, as well as interactions between the two, contribute significantly to exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Adam N Spierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Thiviya Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Brian Bazzell
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Maryam Safdar
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dinko Imsirovic
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - David M Rand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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9
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Lønbro S, Wiggins JM, Wittenborn T, Elming PB, Rice L, Pampo C, Lee JA, Siemann DW, Horsman MR. Reliability of blood lactate as a measure of exercise intensity in different strains of mice during forced treadmill running. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215584. [PMID: 31050686 PMCID: PMC6499470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has long been known to be beneficial to human health. Studies aimed at understanding the effects of exercise specifically focus on predetermined exercise intensities defined by measuring the aerobic capacity of each individual. Many disease models involving animal training often establish aerobic capacity by using the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), a widely used method in humans that has frequently been used in rodent studies. The MLSS is defined as the highest exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration remains constant and is roughly equivalent to 70–80% of maximal aerobic capacity. Due to our up-coming experiments investigating the effect of different exercise intensities in specific strains of tumor-bearing mice, the aim of the present study was to determine the MLSS in athymic nude (NCr nu/nu and NMRI), CDF1, and C3H mice by treadmill running at increasing speeds. However, despite thorough exercise acclimation and the use of different exercise protocols and aversive stimuli, less than half of the experiments across strains pointed towards an established MLSS. Moreover, gently prodding the mice during low to moderate intensity running caused a 30–121% (p<0.05) increase in blood lactate concentration compared to running without stimulation, further questioning the use of lactate as a measure of exercise intensity. Overall, MLSS is difficult to determine and large variations of blood lactate levels were observed depending on the exercise protocol, mice handling strategy and strain. This should be considered when planning experiments in mice using forced exercise protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lønbro
- Dept. of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Dept. of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer M. Wiggins
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas Wittenborn
- Dept. of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lori Rice
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christine Pampo
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Lee
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Dietmar W. Siemann
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Horsman
- Dept. of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Bagni MA, Colombini B, Nocella M, Pregno C, S Cornachione A, Rassier DE. The effects of fatigue and oxidation on contractile function of intact muscle fibers and myofibrils isolated from the mouse diaphragm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4422. [PMID: 30872655 PMCID: PMC6418105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive stimulation and the oxidant H2O2 on fatigue of diaphragm intact fibers and in myofibrils measured with different Ca2+ concentrations. Intact fibers were isolated from mice diaphragm, and twitch and tetanic contractions (500 ms duration) were performed at different frequencies of stimulation ranging from 15 Hz to 150 Hz to establish a force-frequency relation before and after a fatigue and recovery protocol, without or after a treatment with H2O2. Fatigue was induced with isometric contractions (500 ms, 40 Hz) evoked every 0.8 seconds, with a total of 625 tetani. After the fatigue, the force recovery was followed by invoking tetanic contractions (500 ms, 40 Hz) every 1 min, with a total duration of 30 min. Individual myofibrils were also isolated from the mouse diaphragm and were tested for isometric contractions before and after treatment with H2O2 and NAC. In a second series of experiments, myofibrils were activated at different pCa (pCa = -log10 [Ca2+]), before and after H2O2 treatment. After 15 minutes of H2O2 treatment, the myofibrillar force was decreased to 54 ± 12% of its control, maximal value, and a result that was reversed by NAC treatment. The force was also decreased after myofibrils were treated with H2O2 and activated in pCa ranging between 4.5 and 5.7. These results suggest that fatigue in diaphragm intact fibers and at the myofibrils level is caused partially by oxidation of the contractile proteins that may be responsible for changing the force in various levels of Ca2+ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Bagni
- Dept Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Dept Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Nocella
- Dept Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Pregno
- Dept Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Anabelle S Cornachione
- Dept Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Dept Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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11
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Kiyuna LA, Albuquerque RPE, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart failure: Challenges and opportunities. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:155-168. [PMID: 30227272 PMCID: PMC6309415 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress and aldehydic load is a hallmark of heart failure. Recently, different research groups have provided evidence that selective activation of mitochondrial detoxifying systems that counteract excessive accumulation of ROS, RNS and reactive aldehydes is sufficient to stop cardiac degeneration upon chronic stress, such as heart failure. Therefore, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches targeting mitochondria detoxification may play a critical role in the prevention or treatment of heart failure. In this review we discuss the most recent findings on the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and aldehydic load in heart failure, highlighting the most recent preclinical and clinical studies using mitochondria-targeted molecules and exercise training as effective tools against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Akemi Kiyuna
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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12
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Eshima H, Tamura Y, Kakehi S, Nakamura K, Kurebayashi N, Murayama T, Kakigi R, Sakurai T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Dysfunction of muscle contraction with impaired intracellular Ca 2+ handling in skeletal muscle and the effect of exercise training in male db/db mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:170-182. [PMID: 30433865 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00048.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced contractile force production and increased fatigability of skeletal muscle. While the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis during muscle contraction is a requisite for optimal contractile function, the mechanisms underlying muscle contractile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes are unclear. Here, we investigated skeletal muscle contractile force and Ca2+ flux during contraction and pharmacological stimulation in type 2 diabetic model mice ( db/db mice). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise training on muscle contractile function. In male db/db mice, muscle contractile force and peak Ca2+ levels were both lower during tetanic stimulation of the fast-twitch muscles, while Ca2+ accumulation was higher after stimulation compared with control mice. While 6 wk of exercise training did not improve glucose tolerance, exercise did improve muscle contractile dysfunction, peak Ca2+ levels, and Ca2+ accumulation following stimulation in male db/db mice. These data suggest that dysfunctional Ca2+ flux may contribute to skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and that exercise training may be a promising therapeutic approach for dysfunctional skeletal muscle contraction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this study was to examine muscle contractile function and Ca2+ regulation as well as the effect of exercise training in skeletal muscle in obese diabetic mice ( db/db). We observed impairment of muscle contractile force and Ca2+ regulation in a male type 2 diabetic animal model. These dysfunctions in muscle were improved by 6 wk of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Saori Kakehi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakamura
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nagomi Kurebayashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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13
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Exercise prevents impaired autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11818. [PMID: 30087400 PMCID: PMC6081439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased proteolytic activity has been widely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy. However, elevated proteolysis is also critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by disposing cytotoxic proteins and non-functioning organelles. We recently demonstrated that exercise activates autophagy and re-establishes proteostasis in cardiac diseases. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy and proteostasis in a model of neurogenic myopathy induced by sciatic nerve constriction in rats. Neurogenic myopathy, characterized by progressive atrophy and impaired contractility, was paralleled by accumulation of autophagy-related markers and loss of acute responsiveness to both colchicine and chloroquine. These changes were correlated with elevated levels of damaged proteins, chaperones and pro-apoptotic markers compared to control animals. Sustained autophagy inhibition using chloroquine in rats (50 mg.kg-1.day-1) or muscle-specific deletion of Atg7 in mice was sufficient to impair muscle contractility in control but not in neurogenic myopathy, suggesting that dysfunctional autophagy is critical in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Finally, 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training (moderate treadmill running, 5x/week, 1 h/day) prior to neurogenic myopathy improved skeletal muscle autophagic flux and proteostasis. These changes were followed by spared muscle mass and better contractility properties. Taken together, our findings suggest the potential value of exercise in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis and slowing down the progression of neurogenic myopathy.
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14
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Schuppe ER, Petersen JO, Fuxjager MJ. Woodpecker drumming behavior is linked to the elevated expression of genes that encode calcium handling proteins in the neck musculature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.180190. [PMID: 29853547 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.180190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many animals perform elaborate physical displays for social communication. Identifying molecular mechanisms that co-evolve with these complex behavioral signals can therefore help reveal how forces of selection shape animal design. To study this issue, we examined gene expression profiles in select skeletal muscles that actuate woodpecker drum displays. This remarkable whole-body signal is produced when individuals rapidly hammer their bill against trees. We found that, compared with muscles that play no part in producing this behavior, the main muscle used to drum abundantly expresses two genes that encode proteins that support myocytic calcium (Ca2+) handling dynamics - namely parvalbumin (PV) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1 (SERCA1). Meanwhile, we found no such difference in the expression of another gene similarly vital to Ca2+ handling, ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1). These differences are not present in a non-woodpecker species, which readily produce much slower drum-like movements for foraging (but not social signaling). Our data therefore point to an association between the fast drum displays of woodpeckers and muscle-specific expression of genes whose protein products enhance select aspects of myocytic Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Schuppe
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - John O Petersen
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Matthew J Fuxjager
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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15
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Mosole S, Zampieri S, Furlan S, Carraro U, Löefler S, Kern H, Volpe P, Nori A. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle of Old Sedentary People. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418768998. [PMID: 29662923 PMCID: PMC5896842 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418768998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role in preventing muscle atrophy and chronic diseases in adults and in the elderly. Calcium (Ca2+) cycling and activation of specific molecular pathways are essential in contraction-induced muscle adaptation. This study attains human muscle sections and total homogenates prepared from biopsies obtained before (control) and after 9 weeks of training by electrical stimulation (ES) on a group of volunteers. The aim of the study was to investigate about the molecular mechanisms that support functional muscle improvement by ES. Evidences of kinase/phosphatase pathways activation after ES were obtained. Moreover, expression of Sarcalumenin, Calsequestrin and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (Serca) isoforms was regulated by training. In conclusion, this work shows that neuromuscular ES applied to vastus lateralis muscle of sedentary seniors combines fiber remodeling with activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin molecular pathways and modulation of key Ca2+-handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mosole
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Furlan
- Institute of Neuroscience Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Carraro
- IRRCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefan Löefler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Pölten, Austria
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16
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Aerobic Training Prevents Heatstrokes in Calsequestrin-1 Knockout Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4652480. [PMID: 29849896 PMCID: PMC5903204 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4652480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calsequestrin-1 knockout (CASQ1-null) mice suffer lethal episodes when exposed to strenuous exercise and environmental heat, crises known as exertional/environmental heatstroke (EHS). We previously demonstrated that administration of exogenous antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and trolox) reduces CASQ1-null mortality during exposure to heat. As aerobic training is known to boost endogenous antioxidant protection, we subjected CASQ1-null mice to treadmill running for 2 months at 60% of their maximal speed for 1 h, 5 times/week. When exposed to heat stress protocol (41°C/1 h), the mortality rate of CASQ1-null mice was significantly reduced compared to untrained animals (86% versus 16%). Protection from heatstrokes was accompanied by a reduced increase in core temperature during the stress protocol and by an increased threshold of response to caffeine of isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles during in vitro contracture test. At cellular and molecular levels, aerobic training (i) improved mitochondrial function while reducing their damage and (ii) lowered calpain activity and lipid peroxidation in membranes isolated from sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize that the protective effect of aerobic training is essentially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress during exposure of CASQ1-null mice to adverse environmental conditions.
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17
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Berg OK, Nyberg SK, Windedal TM, Wang E. Maximal strength training-induced improvements in forearm work efficiency are associated with reduced blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H853-H862. [PMID: 29351462 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00435.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maximal strength training (MST) improves work efficiency. However, since blood flow is greatly dictated by muscle contractions in arms during exercise and vascular conductance is lower, it has been indicated that arms rely more upon adapting oxygen extraction than legs in response to the enhanced work efficiency. Thus, to investigate if metabolic and vascular responses are arm specific, we used Doppler-ultrasound and a catheter placed in the subclavian vein to measure blood flow and the arteriovenous oxygen difference during steady-state work in seven young men [24 ± 3 (SD) yr] following 6 wk of handgrip MST. As expected, MST improved maximal strength (49 ± 9 to 62 ± 10 kg) and the rate of force development (923 ± 224 to 1,086 ± 238 N/s), resulting in a reduced submaximal oxygen uptake (30 ± 9 to 24 ± 10 ml/min) and concomitantly increased work efficiency (9.3 ± 2.5 to 12.4 ± 3.9%) (all P < 0.05). In turn, the work efficiency improvement was associated with reduced blood flow (486 ± 102 to 395 ± 114 ml/min), mediated by a lower blood velocity (43 ± 8 to 32 ± 6 cm/s) (all P < 0.05). Conduit artery diameter and the arteriovenous oxygen difference remained unaltered. The maximal work test revealed an increased time to exhaustion (949 ± 239 to 1,102 ± 292 s) and maximal work rate (both P < 0.05) but no change in peak oxygen uptake. In conclusion, despite prior indications of metabolic and vascular limb-specific differences, these results reveal that improved work efficiency after small muscle mass strength training in the upper extremities is accompanied by a blood flow reduction and coheres with what has been documented for lower extremities. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maximal strength training increases skeletal muscle work efficiency. Oxygen extraction has been indicated to be the adapting component with this increased work efficiency in arms. However, we document that decreased blood flow, achieved by blood velocity reduction, is the adapting mechanism responding to the improved aerobic metabolism in the forearm musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Kristian Berg
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Stian Kwak Nyberg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Tobias Midtvedt Windedal
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Eivind Wang
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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18
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Campos JC, Queliconi BB, Bozi LHM, Bechara LRG, Dourado PMM, Andres AM, Jannig PR, Gomes KMS, Zambelli VO, Rocha-Resende C, Guatimosim S, Brum PC, Mochly-Rosen D, Gottlieb RA, Kowaltowski AJ, Ferreira JCB. Exercise reestablishes autophagic flux and mitochondrial quality control in heart failure. Autophagy 2017; 13:1304-1317. [PMID: 28598232 PMCID: PMC5584854 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1325062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that facilitating the clearance of damaged mitochondria through macroautophagy/autophagy protects against acute myocardial infarction. Here we characterize the impact of exercise, a safe strategy against cardiovascular disease, on cardiac autophagy and its contribution to mitochondrial quality control, bioenergetics and oxidative damage in a post-myocardial infarction-induced heart failure animal model. We found that failing hearts displayed reduced autophagic flux depicted by accumulation of autophagy-related markers and loss of responsiveness to chloroquine treatment at 4 and 12 wk after myocardial infarction. These changes were accompanied by accumulation of fragmented mitochondria with reduced O2 consumption, elevated H2O2 release and increased Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Of interest, disruption of autophagic flux was sufficient to decrease cardiac mitochondrial function in sham-treated animals and increase cardiomyocyte toxicity upon mitochondrial stress. Importantly, 8 wk of exercise training, starting 4 wk after myocardial infarction at a time when autophagy and mitochondrial oxidative capacity were already impaired, improved cardiac autophagic flux. These changes were followed by reduced mitochondrial number:size ratio, increased mitochondrial bioenergetics and better cardiac function. Moreover, exercise training increased cardiac mitochondrial number, size and oxidative capacity without affecting autophagic flux in sham-treated animals. Further supporting an autophagy mechanism for exercise-induced improvements of mitochondrial bioenergetics in heart failure, acute in vivo inhibition of autophagic flux was sufficient to mitigate the increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity triggered by exercise in failing hearts. Collectively, our findings uncover the potential contribution of exercise in restoring cardiac autophagy flux in heart failure, which is associated with better mitochondrial quality control, bioenergetics and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Campos
- a Department of Anatomy , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- b The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Bruno B Queliconi
- c Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- a Department of Anatomy , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- a Department of Anatomy , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Allen M Andres
- b The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- e School of Physical Education and Sport , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Kátia M S Gomes
- a Department of Anatomy , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Cibele Rocha-Resende
- g Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- g Department of Physiology and Biophysics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- e School of Physical Education and Sport , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- h Department of Chemical and Systems Biology , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- b The Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and the Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- c Departamento de Bioquímica , Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- a Department of Anatomy , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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19
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Eshima H, Miura S, Senoo N, Hatakeyama K, Poole DC, Kano Y. Improved skeletal muscle Ca 2+ regulation in vivo following contractions in mice overexpressing PGC-1α. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R1017-R1028. [PMID: 28438761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis is exquisitely regulated by Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemmal, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. Of these three systems, the relative importance of the mitochondria in [Ca2+]i regulation remains poorly understood in in vivo skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that the capacity for Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria is a primary factor in determining [Ca2+]i regulation in muscle at rest and following contractions. Tibialis anterior muscle of anesthetized peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)-overexpressing (OE, increased mitochondria model) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice was exteriorized in vivo and loaded with the fluorescent probe fura 2-AM, and Rhod 2-AM Ca2+ buffering and mitochondrial [Ca2+] were evaluated at rest and during recovery from fatiguing tetanic contractions induced by electrical stimulation (120 s, 100 Hz). In addition, the effects of pharmacological inhibition of SR (thapsigargin) and mitochondrial [carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP)] function were examined at rest. [Ca2+]i in WT remained elevated for the entire postcontraction recovery period (+6 ± 1% at 450 s), but in PGC-1α OE [Ca2+]i returned to resting baseline within 150 s. Thapsigargin immediately and substantially increased resting [Ca2+]i in WT, whereas in PGC-1α OE this effect was delayed and markedly diminished (WT, +12 ± 3; PGC-1α OE, +1 ± 2% at 600 s after thapsigargin treatment, P < 0.05). FCCP abolished this improvement of [Ca2+]i regulation in PGC-1α OE. Mitochondrial [Ca2+] accumulation was observed in PGC-1α OE following contractions and thapsigargin treatment. In the SR, PGC-1α OE downregulated SR Ca2+-ATPase 1 (Ca2+ uptake) and parvalbumin (Ca2+ buffering) protein levels, whereas mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake-related proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter) were upregulated. These data demonstrate a heretofore unappreciated role for skeletal muscle mitochondria in [Ca2+]i regulation in vivo following fatiguing tetanic contractions and at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; and
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; and
| | - Koji Hatakeyama
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;
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20
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Layec G, Bringard A, Le Fur Y, Micallef JP, Vilmen C, Perrey S, Cozzone PJ, Bendahan D. Mitochondrial Coupling and Contractile Efficiency in Humans with High and Low V˙O2peaks. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:811-21. [PMID: 26694849 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endurance training elicits tremendous adaptations of the mitochondrial energetic capacity. Yet, the effects of training or physical fitness on mitochondrial efficiency during exercise are still unclear. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to examine in vivo the differences in mitochondrial efficiency and ATP cost of contraction during exercise in two groups of adults differing in their aerobic capacity. METHOD We simultaneously assessed the ATP synthesis and O2 fluxes with P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pulmonary gas exchange measurements in seven endurance-trained (ET, V˙O2max: 67 ± 8 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) and seven recreationally active (RA, V˙O2max: 43 ± 7 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹) subjects during 6 min of dynamic moderate-intensity knee extension. RESULTS The ATP cost of dynamic contraction was not significantly different between ET and RA (P > 0.05). Similarly, end-exercise O2 consumption was not significantly different between groups (ET: 848 ± 155 mL·min⁻¹ and RA: 760 ± 131 mL·min⁻¹, P > 0.05). During the recovery period, the PCr offset time constant was significantly faster in ET compared with RA (ET: 32 ± 8 s and RA: 43 ± 10 s, P < 0.05), thus indicating an increased mitochondrial capacity for ATP synthesis in the quadriceps of ET. In contrast, the estimated mitochondrial efficiency during exercise was not significantly different (P/O, ET: 2.0 ± 1.0 and RA: 1.8 ± 0.4, P > 0.05). Consequently, the higher mitochondrial capacity for ATP synthesis in ET likely originated from an elevated mitochondrial volume density, mitochondria-specific respiratory capacity, and/or slower postexercise inactivation of oxidative phosphorylation by the parallel activation mechanism. CONCLUSION Together, these findings reveal that 1) mitochondrial and contractile efficiencies are unaltered by several years of endurance training in young adults, and 2) the training-induced improvement in mitochondrial energetic capacity appears to be independent from changes in mitochondrial coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenael Layec
- 1Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7339, Marseille, FRANCE; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 3Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care and Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, SWITZERLAND; 5Motricity Efficiency and Deficiency, EA 2991, Faculty of Sport Science, Unite de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques des Activites Physiques et Sportives, Montpellier, FRANCE; 6INSERM ADR 08, Montpellier, FRANCE
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21
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Gibb AA, McNally LA, Riggs DW, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Hill BG. FVB/NJ Mice Are a Useful Model for Examining Cardiac Adaptations to Treadmill Exercise. Front Physiol 2016; 7:636. [PMID: 28066267 PMCID: PMC5174104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice are commonly used to examine the mechanisms by which exercise improves cardiometabolic health; however, exercise compliance and adaptations are often strain-dependent or are variable due to inconsistency in exercise training protocols. In this study, we examined nocturnal/diurnal behavior, treadmill exercise compliance, and systemic as well as cardiac-specific exercise adaptations in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J, and FVB/NJ mice. Metabolic cage analysis indicated a strong nocturnal nature of C57BL/6J mice, whereas FVB/NJ mice showed no circadian element to activity, food or water intake, VO2, or VCO2. Initial exercise capacity tests revealed that, compared with C57BL/6J mice, FVB/NJ mice are capable of achieving nearly 2-fold higher workloads prior to exhaustion. FVB/NJ mice tested during the day were capable of achieving significantly more work compared with their night-tested counterparts. Following 4 weeks of training, FVB/NJ mice showed significant increases in exercise capacity as well as physiologic cardiac growth characterized by enlarged myocytes and higher mitochondrial DNA content. C57BL/6J mice showed no increases in exercise capacity or cardiac growth regardless of whether they exercised during the day or the night. This lack of adaptation in C57BL/6J mice was attributable, at least in part, to their progressive loss of compliance to the treadmill training protocol. We conclude that the FVB/NJ strain is a useful and robust mouse model for examining cardiac adaptations to treadmill exercise and that treadmill training during daytime hours does not negatively affect exercise compliance or capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Lindsey A McNally
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
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22
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Ivarsson N, Schiffer TA, Hernández A, Lanner JT, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Westerblad H. Dietary nitrate markedly improves voluntary running in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 168:55-61. [PMID: 27794435 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate supplementation is shown to increase submaximal force in human and mouse skeletal muscles. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the increased submaximal force induced by nitrate supplementation reduces the effort of submaximal voluntary running, resulting in increased running speed and distance. C57Bl/6N male mice were fed nitrate in the drinking water and housed with or without access to an in-cage running wheel. Nitrate supplementation in sedentary mice had no effect on endurance in a treadmill test, nor did it enhance mitochondrial function. However, after three weeks with in-cage running wheel, mice fed nitrate ran on average 20% faster and 30% further than controls (p<0.01). Compared to running controls, this resulted in ~13% improved endurance on a subsequent treadmill test (p<0.05) and increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity, as judged from a mean increase in citrate synthase activity of 14% (p<0.05). After six weeks with nitrate, the mice were running 58% longer distances per night. When nitrate supplementation was removed from the diet, the running distance and speed decreased to the control level, despite the improved endurance achieved during nitrate supplementation. In conclusion, low-frequency force improvement due to nitrate supplementation facilitates submaximal exercise such as voluntary running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Tromm CB, Pozzi BG, Paganini CS, Marques SO, Pedroso GS, Souza PS, Silveira PCL, Silva LA, De Souza CT, Pinho RA. The role of continuous versus fractionated physical training on muscle oxidative stress parameters and calcium-handling proteins in aged rats. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:833-41. [PMID: 26620674 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength is associated with oxidative stress and Ca(2+) homeostasis disturbance. Exercise should be considered a viable modality to combat aging of skeletal muscle. This study aimed to investigate whether continuous and fractionated training could be useful tools to attenuate oxidative damage and retain calcium-handling proteins. We conducted the study using 24-month-old male Wistar rats, divided into control, continuous, and fractionated groups. Animals ran at 13 m min(-1) for five consecutive days (except weekends) for 6 weeks, for a total period of 42 days. Each session comprised 45 min of exercise, either continuous or divided into three daily sessions of 15 min each. Metabolic and oxidative stress markers, protein levels of mitochondrial transcription factors, and calcium-handling proteins were analyzed. Continuous exercise resulted in reduced ROS production as well as showed a decrease in TBARS levels and carbonyl content. On the other hand, fractionated training increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. The ryanodine receptor and phospholamban protein were regulated by continuous training while sodium calcium exchange protein was increased by the fractionated training. These data suggest that intracellular Ca(2+) can be modulated by various training stimuli. In addition, the modulation of oxidative stress by continuous and fractionated training may play an important regulatory role in the muscular contraction mechanism of aged rats, due to changes in calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B Tromm
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna G Pozzi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Carla S Paganini
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Scherolin O Marques
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Pedroso
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila S Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano A Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Claudio T De Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 Bairro Universitário, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
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Rodrigues NA, Torsoni AS, Fante T, Dos Reis IGM, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Lactate minimum underestimates the maximal lactate steady-state in swimming mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:46-52. [PMID: 28006434 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The intensity of lactate minimum (LM) has presented a good estimate of the intensity of maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS); however, this relationship has not yet been verified in the mouse model. We proposed validating the LM protocol for swimming mice by investigating the relationship among intensities of LM and MLSS as well as differences between sexes, in terms of aerobic capacity. Nineteen mice (male: 10, female: 9) were submitted to the evaluation protocols for LM and MLSS. The LM protocol consisted of hyperlactatemia induction (30 s exercise (13% body mass (bm)), 30 s resting pause and exhaustive exercise (13% bm), 9 min resting pause and incremental test). The LM underestimated MLSS (mice: 17.6%; male: 13.5%; female: 21.6%). Pearson's analysis showed a strong correlation among intensities of MLSS and LM (male (r = 0.67, p = 0.033); female (r = 0.86, p = 0.003)), but without agreement between protocols. The Bland-Altman analysis showed that bias was higher for females (1.5 (0.98) % bm; mean (MLSS and LM): 4.4%-6.4% bm) as compared with males (0.84 (1.24) % bm; mean (MLSS and LM): 4.5%-7.5% bm). The error associated with the estimated of intensity for males was lower when compared with the range of means for MLSS and LM. Therefore, the LM test could be used to determine individual aerobic intensity for males (considering the bias) but not females. Furthermore, the females supported higher intensities than the males. The differences in body mass between sexes could not explain the higher intensities supported by the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Almeida Rodrigues
- a Laboratory of Applied Sports Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- b Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Fante
- b Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Gustavo Masselli Dos Reis
- a Laboratory of Applied Sports Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- a Laboratory of Applied Sports Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia Barros Manchado-Gobatto
- a Laboratory of Applied Sports Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
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Maffiuletti NA, Aagaard P, Blazevich AJ, Folland J, Tillin N, Duchateau J. Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1091-116. [PMID: 26941023 PMCID: PMC4875063 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of rate of force development during rapid contractions has recently become quite popular for characterising explosive strength of athletes, elderly individuals and patients. The main aims of this narrative review are to describe the neuromuscular determinants of rate of force development and to discuss various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation for research and clinical purposes. Rate of force development (1) seems to be mainly determined by the capacity to produce maximal voluntary activation in the early phase of an explosive contraction (first 50–75 ms), particularly as a result of increased motor unit discharge rate; (2) can be improved by both explosive-type and heavy-resistance strength training in different subject populations, mainly through an improvement in rapid muscle activation; (3) is quite difficult to evaluate in a valid and reliable way. Therefore, we provide evidence-based practical recommendations for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Maffiuletti
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 6, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jonathan Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Neale Tillin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Eshima H, Poole DC, Kano Y. In vivo Ca2+ buffering capacity and microvascular oxygen pressures following muscle contractions in diabetic rat skeletal muscles: fiber-type specific effects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R128-37. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00044.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Type 1 diabetes, skeletal muscle resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis is impaired following muscle contractions. It is unclear to what degree this behavior is contingent upon fiber type and muscle oxygenation conditions. We tested the hypotheses that: 1) the rise in resting [Ca2+]i evident in diabetic rat slow-twitch (type I) muscle would be exacerbated in fast-twitch (type II) muscle following contraction; and 2) these elevated [Ca2+]i levels would relate to derangement of microvascular partial pressure of oxygen (PmvO2) rather than sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction per se. Adult male Wistar rats were divided randomly into diabetic (DIA: streptozotocin ip) and healthy (CONT) groups. Four weeks later extensor digitorum longus (EDL, predominately type II fibers) and soleus (SOL, predominately type I fibers) muscle contractions were elicited by continuous electrical stimulation (120 s, 100 Hz). Ca2+ imaging was achieved using fura 2-AM in vivo (i.e., circulation intact). DIA increased fatigability in EDL ( P < 0.05) but not SOL. In recovery, SOL [Ca2+]i either returned to its resting baseline within 150 s (CONT 1.00 ± 0.02 at 600 s) or was not elevated in recovery at all (DIA 1.03 ± 0.02 at 600 s, P > 0.05). In recovery, EDL CONT [Ca2+]i also decreased to values not different from baseline (1.06 ± 0.01, P > 0.05) at 600 s. In marked contrast, EDL DIA [Ca2+]i remained elevated for the entire recovery period (i.e., 1.23 ± 0.03 at 600 s, P < 0.05). The inability of [Ca2+]i to return to baseline in EDL DIA was not associated with any reduction of SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) 1 or SERCA2 protein levels (both increased 30–40%, P < 0.05). However, PmvO2 recovery kinetics were markedly slowed in EDL such that mean PmvO2 was substantially depressed (CONT 27.9 ± 2.0 vs. DIA 18.4 ± 2.0 Torr, P < 0.05), and this behavior was associated with the elevated [Ca2+]i. In contrast, this was not the case for SOL ( P > 0.05) in that neither [Ca2+]i nor PmvO2 were deranged in recovery with DIA. In conclusion, recovery of [Ca2+]i homeostasis is impaired in diabetic rat fast-twitch but not slow-twitch muscle in concert with reduced PmvO2 pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - David C. Poole
- Departments of Anatomy & Physiology and Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Yutaka Kano
- Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan; and
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, O'Hara KA, Gardiner PF, Sheppard P, Moffatt TL, Duhamel TA. Differential regulation of the fiber type-specific gene expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoforms induced by exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:544-55. [PMID: 24876362 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) 1a and SERCA2a in different skeletal muscle fiber types has yet to be elucidated. Sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2-kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress a mutated and inactivated AMPKα2 subunit, were utilized to characterize how genotype or exercise training influenced the regulation of SERCA isoforms in gastrocnemius. As expected, both Sed and Ex KD mice had >40% lower AMPK phosphorylation and 30% lower SERCA1a protein than WT mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, SERCA2a protein was not different among KD and WT mice. Exercise increased SERCA1a and SERCA2a protein content among WT and KD mice, compared with their Sed counterparts. Maximal SERCA activity was lower in KD mice, compared with WT. Total phospholamban protein was higher in KD mice than in WT and lower in Ex compared with Sed mice. Exercise training increased phospholamban Ser(16) phosphorylation in WT mice. Laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR indicated that SERCA1a mRNA expression among type I fibers was not altered by genotype or exercise, but SERCA2a mRNA was increased 30-fold in WT+Ex, compared with WT+Sed. In contrast, the exercise-stimulated increase for SERCA2a mRNA was blunted in KD mice. Exercise upregulated SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA among type II fibers, but was not altered by genotype. Collectively, these data suggest that exercise differentially influences SERCA isoform expression in type I and type II fibers. Additionally, AMPKα2 influences the regulation of SERCA2a mRNA in type I skeletal muscle fibers following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Morissette
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shanel E Susser
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kimberley A O'Hara
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Phillip F Gardiner
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia Sheppard
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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28
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Nunes-Silva A, Bernardes PTT, Rezende BM, Lopes F, Gomes EC, Marques PE, Lima PMA, Coimbra CC, Menezes GB, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Treadmill exercise induces neutrophil recruitment into muscle tissue in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. An intravital microscopy study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96464. [PMID: 24798414 PMCID: PMC4010495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense exercise is a physiological stress capable of inducing the interaction of neutrophils with muscle endothelial cells and their transmigration into tissue. Mechanisms driving this physiological inflammatory response are not known. Here, we investigate whether production of reactive oxygen species is relevant for neutrophil interaction with endothelial cells and recruitment into the quadriceps muscle in mice subjected to the treadmill fatiguing exercise protocol. Mice exercised until fatigue by running for 56.3±6.8 min on an electric treadmill. Skeletal muscle was evaluated by intravital microscopy at different time points after exercise, and then removed to assess local oxidative stress and histopathological analysis. We observed an increase in plasma lactate and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations after exercise. The numbers of monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in blood increased 12 and 24 hours after the exercise. Numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes increased 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-exercise, as assessed by intravital microscopy. Using LysM-eGFP mice and confocal intravital microscopy technology, we show that the number of transmigrating neutrophils increased 12 hours post-exercise. Mutant gp91phox-/- (non-functional NADPH oxidase) mice and mice treated with apocynin showed diminished neutrophil recruitment. SOD treatment promoted further adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes 12 hours after the exercise. These findings confirm our hypothesis that treadmill exercise increases the recruitment of leukocytes to the postcapillary venules, and NADPH oxidase-induced ROS plays an important role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albená Nunes-Silva
- Laboratório de Resolução da Resposta Inflamatória, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila T. T. Bernardes
- Laboratório de Resolução da Resposta Inflamatória, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M. Rezende
- Laboratório de Resolução da Resposta Inflamatória, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Lopes
- Laboratório de Resolução da Resposta Inflamatória, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa C. Gomes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro E. Marques
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. A. Lima
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cândido C. Coimbra
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Menezes
- Laboratório de Imunobiofotônica, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Laboratório de Resolução da Resposta Inflamatória, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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29
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Pereira BC, Pauli JR, Antunes LMG, de Freitas EC, de Almeida MR, de Paula Venâncio V, Ropelle ER, de Souza CT, Cintra DE, Papoti M, da Silva ASR. Overtraining is associated with DNA damage in blood and skeletal muscle cells of Swiss mice. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 13:11. [PMID: 24099482 PMCID: PMC3852772 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-13-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alkaline version of the single-cell gel (comet) assay is a useful method for quantifying DNA damage. Although some studies on chronic and acute effects of exercise on DNA damage measured by the comet assay have been performed, it is unknown if an aerobic training protocol with intensity, volume, and load clearly defined will improve performance without leading to peripheral blood cell DNA damage. In addition, the effects of overtraining on DNA damage are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic training and overtraining on DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells in Swiss mice. To examine possible changes in these parameters with oxidative stress, we measured reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in total blood, and GSH levels and lipid peroxidation in muscle samples. RESULTS Performance evaluations (i.e., incremental load and exhaustive tests) showed significant intra and inter-group differences. The overtrained (OTR) group showed a significant increase in the percentage of DNA in the tail compared with the control (C) and trained (TR) groups. GSH levels were significantly lower in the OTR group than in the C and TR groups. The OTR group had significantly higher lipid peroxidation levels compared with the C and TR groups. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic and anaerobic performance parameters can be improved in training at maximal lactate steady state during 8 weeks without leading to DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells or to oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells. However, overtraining induced by downhill running training sessions is associated with DNA damage in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle cells, and with oxidative stress in skeletal muscle cells and total blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cesar Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade Humana, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mara Ribeiro de Almeida
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vinícius de Paula Venâncio
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudio Teodoro de Souza
- Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Nutrição, Esporte e Metabolismo, Limeira, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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30
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Campos JC, Gomes KMS, Ferreira JCB. Impact of exercise training on redox signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:107-19. [PMID: 23978413 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate a wide array of signaling pathways that governs cardiovascular physiology. However, oxidant stress resulting from disrupted redox signaling has an adverse impact on the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we address how redox signaling and oxidant stress affect the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension and heart failure. We also summarize the benefits of exercise training in tackling the hyperactivation of cellular oxidases and mitochondrial dysfunction seen in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Pereira BC, Filho LAL, Alves GF, Pauli JR, Ropelle ER, Souza CT, Cintra DE, Saad MJA, Silva ASR. A new overtraining protocol for mice based on downhill running sessions. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 39:793-8. [PMID: 22632058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2012.05728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of the present study was to verify whether a downhill running protocol was able to induce non-functional overreaching in > 75% of mice. 2. Mice were divided into control (C), trained (TR) and overtrained (OTR) groups. Bodyweight and food intake were recorded weekly. The incremental load test (ILT) and the exhaustive test (ET) were used to measure performance before and after aerobic training and overtraining protocols. 3. Although the bodyweight of the OTR group was lower than that of the C group at the end of Week 7, the food intake of the OTR group was higher than that of the C and TR groups at the end of Week 8. Evaluation of results from the ILT and ET revealed significant intra- and inter-group differences: whereas the parameters measured by both tests increased significantly in the TR group, they were significantly decreased in the OTR group. 4. In conclusion, this new overtraining protocol based on downhill running sessions induced non-functional overreaching in 100% of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno C Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Wanderley FAC, Moreira A, Sokhatska O, Palmares C, Moreira P, Sandercock G, Oliveira J, Carvalho J. Differential responses of adiposity, inflammation and autonomic function to aerobic versus resistance training in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:326-33. [PMID: 23333772 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased body fat, autonomic dysfunction and low-grade chronic inflammation are interrelated risk factors implicated in the etiology of several chronic conditions normally presented by older adults. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the effectiveness of different training protocols on reducing body fat, improving autonomic function, and decreasing low-grade systemic inflammation in community-dwelling elderly adults. METHODS Fifty participants (11 men, 68±5.5years) were randomly allocated into resistance or aerobic training or control groups. Evaluations were done at baseline and following the 8-month intervention period on their body composition (assessed by DXA), inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], tumor necrosis-alpha [TNF-α], interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], interleukins-6 and -10 [IL-6, IL-10]), lipoproteic profile, fasting glycemia, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV; frequency and time domains) and aerobic fitness (assessed by six-minute walk distance [6MWD]). A paired t-test was used to detect changes (%Δ=[(post-test score-pretest score)/pre-test score]×100) within groups, while between-group differences were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA or General Linear Models. RESULTS A significant change (Δ%) both in total (-5.4±6.3% and -3.3±2.9%, respectively) and central body fat (8.9±11.3% and -4.8±4.5%) was observed in resistance and aerobic training groups, respectively; along with a change in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (-9.2±9.8% and -8.5±9.6%), heart rate (-4.6±6.5%), hs-CRP (-18.6±60.6%), and 6MWD (9.5±6.9%) in response to aerobic training. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide further evidence for the benefits of aerobic and resistance training on reducing body fat. Aerobic training was demonstrated to reduce hs-CRP and blood pressure in community-dwelling elderly participants with no serious medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia A C Wanderley
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
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33
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Campos JC, Queliconi BB, Dourado PMM, Cunha TF, Zambelli VO, Bechara LRG, Kowaltowski AJ, Brum PC, Mochly-Rosen D, Ferreira JCB. Exercise training restores cardiac protein quality control in heart failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52764. [PMID: 23300764 PMCID: PMC3531365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is a well-known coadjuvant in heart failure treatment; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remain elusive. Despite the primary cause, heart failure is often preceded by two distinct phenomena: mitochondria dysfunction and cytosolic protein quality control disruption. The objective of the study was to determine the contribution of exercise training in regulating cardiac mitochondria metabolism and cytosolic protein quality control in a post-myocardial infarction-induced heart failure (MI-HF) animal model. Our data demonstrated that isolated cardiac mitochondria from MI-HF rats displayed decreased oxygen consumption, reduced maximum calcium uptake and elevated H₂O₂ release. These changes were accompanied by exacerbated cardiac oxidative stress and proteasomal insufficiency. Declined proteasomal activity contributes to cardiac protein quality control disruption in our MI-HF model. Using cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, we showed that either antimycin A or H₂O₂ resulted in inactivation of proteasomal peptidase activity, accumulation of oxidized proteins and cell death, recapitulating our in vivo model. Of interest, eight weeks of exercise training improved cardiac function, peak oxygen uptake and exercise tolerance in MI-HF rats. Moreover, exercise training restored mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased Ca²⁺-induced permeability transition and reduced H₂O₂ release in MI-HF rats. These changes were followed by reduced oxidative stress and better cardiac protein quality control. Taken together, our findings uncover the potential contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic protein quality control disruption to heart failure and highlight the positive effects of exercise training in re-establishing cardiac mitochondrial physiology and protein quality control, reinforcing the importance of this intervention as a non-pharmacological tool for heart failure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane C. Campos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. Queliconi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Telma F. Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julio C. B. Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tu J, Lu L, Cai W, Ballard HJ. cAMP/protein kinase A activates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator for ATP release from rat skeletal muscle during low pH or contractions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50157. [PMID: 23226244 PMCID: PMC3511434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in ATP release from skeletal muscle at low pH. These experiments investigate the signal transduction mechanism linking pH depression to CFTR activation and ATP release, and evaluate whether CFTR is involved in ATP release from contracting muscle. Lactic acid treatment elevated interstitial ATP of buffer-perfused muscle and extracellular ATP of L6 myocytes: this ATP release was abolished by the non-specific CFTR inhibitor, glibenclamide, or the specific CFTR inhibitor, CFTRinh-172, suggesting that CFTR was involved, and by inhibition of lactic acid entry to cells, indicating that intracellular pH depression was required. Muscle contractions significantly elevated interstitial ATP, but CFTRinh-172 abolished the increase. The cAMP/PKA pathway was involved in the signal transduction pathway for CFTR-regulated ATP release from muscle: forskolin increased CFTR phosphorylation and stimulated ATP release from muscle or myocytes; lactic acid increased intracellular cAMP, pCREB and PKA activity, whereas IBMX enhanced ATP release from myocytes. Inhibition of PKA with KT5720 abolished lactic-acid- or contraction-induced ATP release from muscle. Inhibition of either the Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE) with amiloride or the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (NCX) with SN6 or KB-R7943 abolished lactic-acid- or contraction-induced release of ATP from muscle, suggesting that these exchange proteins may be involved in the activation of CFTR. Our data suggest that CFTR-regulated release contributes to ATP release from contracting muscle in vivo, and that cAMP and PKA are involved in the activation of CFTR during muscle contractions or acidosis; NHE and NCX may be involved in the signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisong Cai
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Heather J. Ballard
- Department of Physiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Combined effect of AMPK/PPAR agonists and exercise training in mdx mice functional performance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45699. [PMID: 23029189 PMCID: PMC3448675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to test whether exercise training (ET) associated with AMPK/PPAR agonists (EM) would improve skeletal muscle function in mdx mice. These drugs have the potential to improve oxidative metabolism. This is of particular interest because oxidative muscle fibers are less affected in the course of the disease than glycolitic counterparts. Therefore, a cohort of 34 male congenic C57Bl/10J mdx mice included in this study was randomly assigned into four groups: vehicle solution (V), EM [AICAR (AMPK agonist, 50 mg/Kg-1.day-1, ip) and GW 1516 (PPARδ agonist, 2.5 mg/Kg-1.day-1, gavage)], ET (voluntary running on activity wheel) and EM+ET. Functional performance (grip meter and rotarod), aerobic capacity (running test), muscle histopathology, serum creatine kinase (CK), levels of ubiquitined proteins, oxidative metabolism protein expression (AMPK, PPAR, myoglobin and SCD) and intracellular calcium handling (DHPR, SERCA and NCX) protein expression were analyzed. Treatments started when the animals were two months old and were maintained for one month. A significant functional improvement (p<0.05) was observed in animals submitted to the combination of ET and EM. CK levels were decreased and the expression of proteins related to oxidative metabolism was increased in this group. There were no differences among the groups in the intracellular calcium handling protein expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study that tested the association of ET with EM in an experimental model of muscular dystrophy. Our results suggest that the association of ET and EM should be further tested as a potential therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophies.
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Meier P, Renga M, Hoppeler H, Baum O. The impact of antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise on genes of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:51-9. [PMID: 22865599 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To ascertain whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to training-induced adaptation of skeletal muscle, we administered ROS-scavenging antioxidants (AOX; 140 mg/l of ascorbic acid, 12 mg/l of coenzyme Q10 and 1% N-acetyl-cysteine) via drinking water to 16 C57BL/6 mice. Sixteen other mice received unadulterated tap water (CON). One cohort of both groups (CON(EXE) and AOX(EXE) ) was subjected to treadmill exercise for 4 weeks (16-26 m/min, incline of 5°-10°). The other two cohorts (CON(SED) and AOX(SED) ) remained sedentary. In skeletal muscles of the AOX(EXE) mice, GSSG and the expression levels of SOD-1 and PRDX-6 were significantly lower than those in the CON(EXE) mice after training, suggesting disturbance of ROS levels. The peak power related to the body weight and citrate synthase activity was not significantly influenced in mice receiving AOX. Supplementation with AOX significantly altered the mRNA levels of the exercise-sensitive genes HK-II, GLUT-4 and SREBF-1c and the regulator gene PGC-1alpha but not G6PDH, glycogenin, FABP-3, MCAD and CD36 in skeletal muscle. Although the administration of AOX during endurance exercise alters the expression of particular genes of the ROS metabolism, it does not influence peak power or generally shift the metabolism, but it modulates the expression of specific genes of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and PGC-1alpha within murine skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Meier
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Miranda TAB, Vicente JMY, Marcon RM, Cristante AF, Morya E, Valle ACD. Time-related effects of general functional training in spinal cord-injured rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:799-804. [PMID: 22892926 PMCID: PMC3400172 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective, randomized, experimental study with rats aimed to investigate the influence of general treatment strategies on the motor recovery of Wistar rats with moderate contusive spinal cord injury. METHODS A total of 51 Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: control, maze, ramp, runway, and sham (laminectomy only). The rats underwent spinal cord injury at the T9-T10 levels using the NYU-Impactor. Each group was trained for 12 minutes twice a week for two weeks before and five weeks after the spinal cord injury, except for the control group. Functional motor recovery was assessed with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Scale on the first postoperative day and then once a week for five weeks. The animals were euthanized, and the spinal cords were collected for histological analysis. RESULTS Ramp and maze groups showed an earlier and greater functional improvement effect than the control and runway groups. However, over time, unexpectedly, all of the groups showed similar effects as the control group, with spontaneous recovery. There were no histological differences in the injured area between the trained and control groups. CONCLUSION Short-term benefits can be associated with a specific training regime; however, the same training was ineffective at maintaining superior long-term recovery. These results might support new considerations before hospital discharge of patients with spinal cord injuries.
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Cunha TF, Moreira JBN, Paixão NA, Campos JC, Monteiro AWA, Bacurau AVN, Bueno CR, Ferreira JCB, Brum PC. Aerobic exercise training upregulates skeletal muscle calpain and ubiquitin-proteasome systems in healthy mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1839-46. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00346.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an important mechanical stimulus that modulates skeletal muscle protein turnover, leading to structural rearrangement. Since the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and calpain system are major proteolytic pathways involved in protein turnover, we aimed to investigate the effects of intensity-controlled AET on the skeletal muscle UPS and calpain system and their association to training-induced structural adaptations. Long-lasting effects of AET were studied in C57BL/6J mice after 2 or 8 wk of AET. Plantaris cross-sectional area (CSA) and capillarization were assessed by myosin ATPase staining. mRNA and protein expression levels of main components of the UPS and calpain system were evaluated in plantaris by real-time PCR and Western immunoblotting, respectively. No proteolytic system activation was observed after 2 wk of AET. Eight weeks of AET resulted in improved running capacity, plantaris capillarization, and CSA. Muscle RING finger-1 mRNA expression was increased in 8-wk-trained mice. Accordingly, elevated 26S proteasome activity was observed in the 8-wk-trained group, without accumulation of ubiquitinated or carbonylated proteins. In addition, calpain abundance was increased by 8 wk of AET, whereas no difference was observed in its endogenous inhibitor calpastatin. Taken together, our findings indicate that skeletal muscle enhancements, as evidenced by increased running capacity, plantaris capillarization, and CSA, occurred in spite of the upregulated UPS and calpain system, suggesting that overactivation of skeletal muscle proteolytic systems is not restricted to atrophying states. Our data provide evidence for the contribution of the UPS and calpain system to metabolic turnover of myofibrillar proteins and skeletal muscle adaptations to AET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma F. Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose B. N. Moreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalie A. Paixão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane C. Campos
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex W. A. Monteiro
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline V. N. Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. Bueno
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Human Genome Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Julio C. B. Ferreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Specific effects of endurance and sprint training on protein expression of calsequestrin and SERCA in mouse skeletal muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:123-30. [PMID: 22466636 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CSQ) is the main Ca²⁺ binding protein inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of skeletal and cardiac muscle. The present study demonstrates the specific effects of different training regimens on CSQ isoform 1 (CSQ1, the primary isoform) and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA1, 2) expression in various skeletal muscles of mouse. CSQ1, SERCA1, and SERCA2 protein expression was determined with Western blot in m. soleus (SOL), m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL), m. gastrocnemius (GAS), m. rectus femoris (RF), and m. tibialis anterior (TA) muscles after completing a 6-week endurance or sprint training program. Endurance training induced decrease in CSQ1 concentration in SOL (p < 0.001) and in SERCA1 levels in GAS (p < 0.05), whereas increase in CSQ1 expression was detected in EDL (p < 0.01). After sprint training the concentration of CSQ1 increased in GAS (p < 0.01) and EDL (p < 0.01). Additionally, sprint exercise induced an increase in SERCA1 in GAS (p < 0.001) and a decline in TA (p < 0.05). SERCA2 was up-regulated with sprint training in GAS (p < 0.01). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) based fibre type composition altered differently depending on the muscle and the training regimen.These results indicate that (1) diverse training strategies used affect differently CSQ1 and SERCA1 concentrations in the skeletal muscle, (2) the regulation of CSQ1 and SERCA1 does not necessary follow the fast-slow definition despite the correlation between MHC isoforms, and (3) the changes in CSQ1 concentration occur prior to SERCA1 or SERCA2.
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Brum P, Bacurau A, Medeiros A, Ferreira J, Vanzelli A, Negrão C. Aerobic exercise training in heart failure: impact on sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac and skeletal muscle function. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:827-35. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Medeiros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - C.E. Negrão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Ferreira JCB, Moreira JBN, Campos JC, Pereira MG, Mattos KC, Coelho MA, Brum PC. Angiotensin receptor blockade improves the net balance of cardiac Ca(2+) handling-related proteins in sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure. Life Sci 2011; 88:578-85. [PMID: 21277865 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The clinical benefits of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB) in heart failure (HF) include cardiac anti-remodeling and improved ventricular function. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the benefits of ARB on ventricular function need to be better clarified. In the present manuscript, we evaluated the effects of AT1 receptor blockade on the net balance of Ca(2+) handling proteins in hearts of mice lacking α(2A) and α(2C) adrenoceptors (α(2A)/α(2C)ARKO), which develop sympathetic hyperactivity (SH) induced-HF. MAIN METHODS A cohort of male wild-type (WT) and congenic α(2A)/α(2C)ARKO mice in a C57BL6/J genetic background (5-7mo of age) was randomly assigned to receive either placebo or ARB (Losartan, 10mg/kg for 8wks). Ventricular function (VF) was assessed by echocardiography, and cardiac myocyte width and ventricular fibrosis by a computer-assisted morphometric system. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA2), phospholamban (PLN), phospho-Ser(16)-PLN, phospho-Thr(17)-PLN, phosphatase 1 (PP1), Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and phospho-Thr(286)-CaMKII were analyzed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS α(2A)/α(2C)ARKO mice displayed ventricular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis paralleled by decreased SERCA2 and increased phospho-Thr(17)-PLN, CaMKII, phospho-Thr(286)-CaMKII and NCX levels. ARB induced anti-cardiac remodeling effect and improved VF in α(2A)/α(2C)ARKO associated with increased SERCA2 and phospho-Ser(16)-PLN levels, and SERCA2:NCX ratio. Additionally, ARB decreased phospho-Thr(17)-PLN levels as well as reestablished NCX, CaMKII and phospho-Thr(286)-CaMKII toward WT levels. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, these data provide new insights on intracellular Ca(2+) regulatory mechanisms underlying improved ventricular function by ARB therapy in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C B Ferreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Acute exercise increases plasma total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities in untrained men. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:540458. [PMID: 21436993 PMCID: PMC3062968 DOI: 10.1155/2011/540458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant defences are essential for cellular redox regulation. Since free-radical production may be enhanced by physical activity, herein, we evaluated the effect of acute exercise on total antioxidant status (TAS) and the plasma activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and its possible relation to oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Healthy untrained male subjects (n = 34) performed three cycloergometric tests, including maximal and submaximal episodes. Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after each different exercise. TAS and enzyme activities were assessed by spectrophotometry. An increase of the antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma was detected after both maximal and submaximal exercise periods. Moreover, under our experimental conditions, exercise also led to an augmentation of TAS levels. These findings are consistent with the idea that acute exercise may play a beneficial role because of its ability to increase antioxidant defense mechanisms through a redox sensitive pathway.
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Bueno CR, Ferreira JCB, Pereira MG, Bacurau AVN, Brum PC. Aerobic exercise training improves skeletal muscle function and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression in sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:702-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00281.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms of positive effects associated with aerobic exercise training on overall intrinsic skeletal muscle changes in heart failure (HF) remain unclear. We investigated potential Ca2+ abnormalities in skeletal muscles comprising different fiber compositions and investigated whether aerobic exercise training would improve muscle function in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced HF. A cohort of male 5-mo-old wild-type (WT) and congenic α2A/α2C adrenoceptor knockout (ARKO) mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background were randomly assigned into untrained and trained groups. Exercise training consisted of a 8-wk running session of 60 min, 5 days/wk (from 5 to 7 mo of age). After completion of the exercise training protocol, exercise tolerance was determined by graded treadmill exercise test, muscle function test by Rotarod, ambulation and resistance to inclination tests, cardiac function by echocardiography, and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression by Western blot. α2A/α2CARKO mice displayed decreased ventricular function, exercise intolerance, and muscle weakness paralleled by decreased expression of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release-related proteins [α1-, α2-, and β1-subunits of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR)] and Ca2+ reuptake-related proteins [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)1/2 and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)] in soleus and plantaris. Aerobic exercise training significantly improved exercise tolerance and muscle function and reestablished the expression of proteins involved in sarcoplasmic Ca2+ handling toward WT levels. We provide evidence that Ca2+ handling-related protein expression is decreased in this HF model and that exercise training improves skeletal muscle function associated with changes in the net balance of skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Bueno
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. C. B. Ferreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M. G. Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. V. N. Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P. C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Olfert IM, Howlett RA, Wagner PD, Breen EC. Myocyte vascular endothelial growth factor is required for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1059-67. [PMID: 20686173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00347.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown, using a Cre-LoxP strategy, that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is required for the development and maintenance of skeletal muscle capillarity in sedentary adult mice. To determine whether VEGF expression is required for skeletal muscle capillary adaptation to exercise training, gastrocnemius muscle capillarity was measured in myocyte-specific VEGF gene-deleted (mVEGF(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice following 6 wk of treadmill running (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) at the same running speed. The effect of training on metabolic enzyme activity levels and whole body running performance was also evaluated in mVEGF(-/-) and WT mice. Posttraining capillary density was significantly increased by 59% (P < 0.05) in the deep muscle region of the gastrocnemius in WT mice but did not change in mVEGF(-/-) mice. Maximal running speed and time to exhaustion during submaximal running increased by 20 and 13% (P < 0.05), respectively, in WT mice after training but were unchanged in mVEGF(-/-) mice. Training led to increases in skeletal muscle citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities in both WT and mVEGF(-/-) mice (P < 0.05), whereas β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activity was increased only in WT mice. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle capillary adaptation to physical training does not occur in the absence of myocyte-expressed VEGF. However, skeletal muscle metabolic adaptation to exercise training takes place independent of myocyte VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mark Olfert
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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