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Park J, Won J, Yang E, Seo J, Cho J, Seong JB, Yeo HG, Kim K, Kim YG, Kim M, Jeon CY, Lim KS, Lee DS, Lee Y. Peroxiredoxin 1 inhibits streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in hippocampal neuronal cells via the blocking of Ca 2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15642. [PMID: 38977865 PMCID: PMC11231305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced abnormal brain insulin signaling and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are associated with protection from neuronal death induced by oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Prxs on STZ-induced progression of AD in the hippocampal neurons are not yet fully understood. Here, we evaluated whether Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) affects STZ-induced AD-like pathology and cellular toxicity. Prx1 expression was increased by STZ treatment in the hippocampus cell line, HT-22 cells. We evaluated whether Prx1 affects STZ-induced HT-22 cells using overexpression. Prx1 successfully protected the forms of STZ-induced AD-like pathology, such as neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss, and tau phosphorylation. Moreover, Prx1 suppressed the STZ-induced increase of mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation by down-regulating Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial location. Prx1 plays a role in an upstream signal pathway of Drp1 phosphorylation, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by inhibiting the STZ-induced conversion of p35 to p25. We found that STZ-induced of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation was an important modulator of AD-like pathology progression by regulating Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation, and Prx1 down-regulated STZ-induced intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation. Finally, we identified that Prx1 antioxidant capacity affected Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated AD-like pathology progress. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that Prx1 is a key factor in STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal death through inhibition of Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by protecting against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeoung Yang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Cho
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bae Seong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Ma XY, Qi CY, Xu XY, Li H, Liu CD, Wen XR, Fu YY, Liu Y, Liang J, Huang CY, Li DD, Li Y, Shen QC, Qi QZ, Zhu G, Wang N, Zhou XY, Song YJ. PRDX1 Interfering Peptide Disrupts Amino Acids 70-90 of PRDX1 to Inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Ischemic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04247-9. [PMID: 38780721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke ranks among the leading causes of death and disability in humans and is accompanied by motor and cognitive impairment. However, the precise mechanisms underlying injury after stroke and effective treatment strategies require further investigation. Peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) triggers an extensive inflammatory cascade that plays a pivotal role in the pathology of ischemic stroke, resulting in severe brain damage from activated microglia. In the present study, we used molecular dynamics simulation and nuclear magnetic resonance to detect the interaction between PRDX1 and a specific interfering peptide. We used behavioral, morphological, and molecular experimental methods to demonstrate the effect of PRDX1-peptide on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice and to investigate the related mechanism. We found that PRDX1-peptide bound specifically to PRDX1 and improved motor and cognitive functions in I/R mice. In addition, pretreatment with PRDX1-peptide reduced the infarct area and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the penumbra. Furthermore, PRDX1-peptide inhibited microglial activation and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α through inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby attenuating ischemic brain injury. Our findings clarify the precise mechanism underlying PRDX1-induced inflammation after ischemic stroke and suggest that the PRDX1-peptide can significantly alleviate the postischemic inflammatory response by interfering with PRDX1 amino acids 70-90 and thereby inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study provides a theoretical basis for a new therapeutic strategy to treat ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Ma
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Qi
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Xing-Yi Xu
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Hui Li
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Chang-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 00000, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang-Ru Wen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Shen
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Qian-Zhi Qi
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 00000, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Yuan-Jian Song
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Center of Medical Genetics and Transformation, Key Laboratory of Genetic Foundation and Clinical Application, Department of Genetics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
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Liu M, Zuo S, Guo X, Peng J, Xing Y, Guo Y, Li C, Xing H. The Study of Overexpression of Peroxiredoxin-2 Reduces MPP +-Induced Toxicity in the Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2129-2137. [PMID: 36808393 PMCID: PMC10182157 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, which is related to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Endogenous peroxiredoxin-2 (Prdx-2) has potent anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. Proteomics studies revealed plasma levels of Prdx-2 were significantly lower in PD patients than in healthy individuals. For further study of the activation of Prdx-2 and its role in vitro, SH-SY5Y cells and the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were used to model PD. ROS content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell viability were used to assess the effect of MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells. JC-1 staining was used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential. ROS content was detected using a DCFH-DA kit. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Western blot detected the protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), Prdx-2, silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1), Bax, and Bcl-2. The results showed that MPP+-induced accumulation of ROS, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduction of cell viability occurred in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, the levels of TH, Prdx-2, and SIRT1 decreased, while the ratios of Bax and Bcl-2 increased. Then, Prdx-2 overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells showed significant protection against MPP+ -induced neuronal toxicity, as evidenced by the decrease in ROS content, increase in cell viability, increase in the level of TH, and decrease in the ratios of Bax and Bcl-2. Meanwhile, SIRT1 levels increase with the level of Prdx-2. This suggests that the protection of Prdx-2 may be related to SIRT1. In conclusion, this study indicated that overexpression of Prdx-2 reduces MPP+-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and may be mediated by SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuqian Zuo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xing Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junyu Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaoping Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongxia Xing
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. .,Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xinxiang, China.
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5
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Bjørklund G, Rahaman MS, Shanaida M, Lysiuk R, Oliynyk P, Lenchyk L, Chirumbolo S, Chasapis CT, Peana M. Natural Dietary Compounds in the Treatment of Arsenic Toxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154871. [PMID: 35956821 PMCID: PMC9370003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) compounds leads to its accumulation in the body, with skin lesions and cancer being the most typical outcomes. Treating As-induced diseases continues to be challenging as there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management. Therapeutic and preventive measures available to combat As toxicity refer to chelation therapy, antioxidant therapy, and the intake of natural dietary compounds. Although chelation therapy is the most commonly used method for detoxifying As, it has several side effects resulting in various toxicities such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and other adverse consequences. Drugs of plant origin and natural dietary compounds show efficient and progressive relief from As-mediated toxicity without any particular side effects. These natural compounds have also been found to aid the elimination of As from the body and, therefore, can be more effective than conventional therapeutic agents in ameliorating As toxicity. This review provides an overview of the recently updated knowledge on treating As poisoning through natural dietary compounds. This updated information may serve as a basis for defining novel prophylactic and therapeutic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Md. Shiblur Rahaman
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; or
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliynyk
- Department of Disaster Medicine and Military Medicine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, strada Le Grazie 9, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Christos T. Chasapis
- NMR Facility, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece;
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
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Demirci S, Sahiner N. Thermo‐responsive macroporous p(
NIPAM
) cryogel affords enhanced thermal stability and activity for ɑ‐glucosidase enzyme by entrapping in situ. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale TURKEY
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale TURKEY
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale TURKEY
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 B. Downs Blvd., MDC 21 Tampa FL USA
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Adaptative Up-Regulation of PRX2 and PRX5 Expression Characterizes Brain from a Mouse Model of Chorea-Acanthocytosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010076. [PMID: 35052580 PMCID: PMC8772732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The peroxiredoxins (PRXs) constitute a ubiquitous antioxidant. Growing evidence in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has highlighted a crucial role for PRXs against neuro-oxidation. Chorea-acanthocytosis/Vps13A disease (ChAc) is a devastating, life-shortening disorder characterized by acanthocytosis, neurodegeneration and abnormal proteostasis. We recently developed a Vps13a−/− ChAc-mouse model, showing acanthocytosis, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation which could be restored by LYN inactivation. Here, we show in our Vps13a−/− mice protein oxidation, NRF2 activation and upregulation of downstream cytoprotective systems NQO1, SRXN1 and TRXR in basal ganglia. This was associated with upregulation of PRX2/5 expression compared to wild-type mice. PRX2 expression was age-dependent in both mouse strains, whereas only Vps13a−/− PRX5 expression was increased independent of age. LYN deficiency or nilotinib-mediated LYN inhibition improved autophagy in Vps13a−/− mice. In Vps13a−/−; Lyn−/− basal ganglia, absence of LYN resulted in reduced NRF2 activation and down-regulated expression of PRX2/5, SRXN1 and TRXR. Nilotinib treatment of Vps13a−/− mice reduced basal ganglia oxidation, and plasma PRX5 levels, suggesting plasma PRX5 as a possible ChAc biomarker. Our data support initiation of therapeutic Lyn inhibition as promptly as possible after ChAc diagnosis to minimize development of irreversible neuronal damage during otherwise inevitable ChAc progression.
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Daverey A, Agrawal SK. Regulation of Prdx6 by Nrf2 Mediated Through aiPLA2 in White Matter Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1275-1289. [PMID: 33159299 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and reperfusion produces overproduction of ROS (reactive oxygen species), which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction leading to cell death and apoptosis. Here, we explore the hypothesis that Prdx6 protects the spinal cord white matter from hypoxia-reperfusion injury and elucidate the possible mechanism by which Prdx6 elicits its protective effects. Briefly, rats were deeply anesthetized with isoflurane. A 30-mm section of the spinal cord was rapidly removed and placed in cold Ringer's solution (2-4 °C). The dissected dorsal column was exposed to hypoxia with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 and reperfusion with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. The expression of Prdx6 significantly upregulated in white matter after hypoxia compared to the sham group, whereas reperfusion caused a gradual decrease in Prdx6 expression after reperfusion injury. For the first time, our study revealed the novel expression and localized expression of Prdx6 in astrocytes after hypoxia, and possible communication of astrocytes and axons through Prdx6. The gradual increase in Nrf2 expression suggests a negative regulation of Prdx6 through Nrf2 signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of aiPLA2 activity of Prdx6 by MJ33 shows that the regulation of Prdx6 by Nrf2 is mediated through aiPLA2 activity. The present study uncovers a differential distribution of Prdx6 in axons and astrocytes and regulation of Prdx6 in hypoxia-reperfusion injury. The low levels of Prdx6 in reperfusion injury lead to increased inflammation and apoptosis in the white matter; therefore, the results of this study suggest that Prdx6 has a protective role in spinal hypoxia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Daverey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7690, USA.
| | - Sandeep K Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-7690, USA
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Lim HM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Induction of apoptosis in indole-3-carbinol-treated lung cancer H1299 cells via ROS level elevation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:812-825. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327120969968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was focused on investigating the anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) against lung cancer H1299 cells via an increase in ROS levels. To investigate the induction of growth arrest and/or cell death in H1299 cells, a cell cycle arrest assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay were performed. Through the TUNEL assay, we detected I3C-induced DNA fragmentation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that I3C induced an increase in ROS levels and apoptotic rate in a dose- and time-dependent manner in H1299 cells. Western blotting demonstrated that activated forms of caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were increased in I3C-treated H1299 cells following treatment with I3C. Furthermore, protein expression levels of FOXO3, bim, bax, and phosphorylated ERK and JNK were increased, while those of pAkt, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 were decreased by I3C treatment of H1299 cells. To confirm the relationship between cell apoptosis and ROS generation, H1299 cells were treated with I3C simultaneously with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and it was shown that ROS levels decreased and viability increased. Moreover, in western blot analysis, expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (thioredoxin1, peroxiredoxin-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL) in I3C-treated cells was evidently downregulated and pro-apoptotic proteins (active ASK1 and cleaved PARP) were upregulated compared to cells co-treated with NAC. The study showed that I3C induced downregulation of ROS regulator proteins and elevation of ROS, thus activating apoptotic signaling cascades in human lung cancer H1299 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Jin Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Kang JH, Kim MH, Lee HJ, Huh JW, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 4 attenuates glutamate-induced neuronal cell death through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:207-220. [PMID: 32241191 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1745201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of glutamate induce neurotoxicity by eliciting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular Ca2+ influx. The disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) evokes ER stress, ultimately resulting in neuronal dysfunction. Additionally, glutamate participates in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are members of a family of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells from neurotoxic factor-induced apoptosis by scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Prx4 is located in the ER and controls the redox condition within the ER. The present study investigated the protective effects of Prx4 against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity linked to ER stress. HT22 cells in which Prx4 was either overexpressed or silenced were used to elucidate the protective role of Prx4 against glutamate toxicity. The expression of Prx4 in HT22 cells was significantly increased in response to glutamate treatment, while ROS scavengers and ER chemical chaperones reduced Prx4 levels. Moreover, Prx4 overexpression reduces glutamate-induced apoptosis of HT22 cells by inhibiting ROS formation, Ca2+ influx, and ER stress. Therefore, we conclude that Prx4 has protective effects against glutamate-induced HT22 cell damage. Collectively, these results suggest that Prx4 could contribute to the treatment of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kang
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, e-biogen Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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11
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Peroxiredoxin 5 deficiency exacerbates iron overload-induced neuronal death via ER-mediated mitochondrial fission in mouse hippocampus. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32205843 PMCID: PMC7090063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for cellular functions, including those of neuronal cells. However, an imbalance of iron homeostasis, such as iron overload, has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Iron overload causes neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of Ca2+, ER-stress, and ROS production. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms between iron-induced oxidative stress and iron toxicity related to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vivo are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the role of peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) in iron overload-induced neurotoxicity using Prx5-deficient mice. Iron concentrations and ROS levels in mice fed a high iron diet were significantly higher in Prx5−/− mice than wildtype (WT) mice. Prx5 deficiency also exacerbated ER-stress and ER-mediated mitochondrial fission via Ca2+/calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of Drp1 at Serine 637. Moreover, immunoreactive levels of cleaved caspase3 in the CA3 region of the hippocampus were higher in iron-loaded Prx5−/− mice than WT mice. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, attenuated iron overload-induced hippocampal damage by inhibiting ROS production, ER-stress, and mitochondrial fission in iron-loaded Prx5−/− mice. Therefore, we suggest that iron overload-induced oxidative stress and ER-mediated mitochondrial fission may be essential for understanding iron-mediated neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and that Prx5 may be useful as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of iron overload-mediated diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Lee DG, Kim KM, Lee HS, Bae YC, Huh JW, Lee SR, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 prevents diethylhexyl phthalate-induced neuronal cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial fission in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:242-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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McLean FH, Campbell FM, Sergi D, Grant C, Morris AC, Hay EA, MacKenzie A, Mayer CD, Langston RF, Williams LM. Early and reversible changes to the hippocampal proteome in mice on a high-fat diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:57. [PMID: 31462902 PMCID: PMC6708244 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in global obesity makes it crucial to understand how diet drives obesity-related health conditions, such as premature cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD hippocampal-dependent episodic memory is one of the first types of memory to be impaired. Previous studies have shown that in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) episodic memory is rapidly but reversibly impaired. Methods In this study we use hippocampal proteomics to investigate the effects of HFD in the hippocampus. Mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD containing either 10% or 60% (Kcal) from fat for 3 days, 1 week or 2 weeks. One group of mice were fed the HFD for 1 week and then returned to the LFD for a further week. Primary hippocampal cultures were challenged with palmitic acid (PA), the most common long-chain saturated FA in the Western diet, and with the anti-inflammatory, n-3 polyunsaturated FA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or a combination of the two to ascertain effects of these fatty acids on dendritic structure. Results HFD-induced changes occur in hippocampal proteins involved in metabolism, inflammation, cell stress, cell signalling, and the cytoskeleton after 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of HFD. Replacement of the HFD after 1 week by a low-fat diet (LFD) for a further week resulted in partial recovery of the hippocampal proteome. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), one of the earliest proteins changed, was used to investigate the impact of fatty acids (FAs) on hippocampal neuronal morphology. PA challenge resulted in shorter and less arborised dendrites while DHA had no effect when applied alone but counteracted the effects of PA when FAs were used in combination. Dendritic morphology recovered when PA was removed from the cell culture media. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the rapid and reversible effects of diet on the hippocampal proteome and the impact of PA and DHA on dendritic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona H McLean
- 1Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK.,2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Fiona M Campbell
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Domenico Sergi
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Christine Grant
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Amanda C Morris
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Elizabeth A Hay
- 3Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Alasdair MacKenzie
- 3Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Claus D Mayer
- 4Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Rosamund F Langston
- 1Division of Neuroscience, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Lynda M Williams
- 2Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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14
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron and oxygen are intimately linked: iron is an essential nutrient utilized as a cofactor in enzymes for oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolite oxidation. However, excess labile iron facilitates the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals capable of damaging biomolecules. Therefore, biological utilization of iron is a tightly regulated process. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, which can respond to oxidative and electrophilic stress, regulates several genes involved in iron metabolism. Recent Advances: The bulk of NRF2 transcription factor research has focused on its roles in detoxification and cancer prevention. Recent works have identified that several genes involved in heme synthesis, hemoglobin catabolism, iron storage, and iron export are under the control of NRF2. Constitutive NRF2 activation and subsequent deregulation of iron metabolism have been implicated in cancer development: NRF2-mediated upregulation of the iron storage protein ferritin or heme oxygenase 1 can lead to enhanced proliferation and therapy resistance. Of note, NRF2 activation and alterations to iron signaling in cancers may hinder efforts to induce the iron-dependent cell death process known as ferroptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite growing recognition of NRF2 as a modulator of iron signaling, exactly how iron metabolism is altered due to NRF2 activation in normal physiology and in pathologic conditions remains imprecise; moreover, the roles of NRF2-mediated iron signaling changes in disease progression are only beginning to be uncovered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are necessary to connect NRF2 activation with physiological and pathological changes to iron signaling and oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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15
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Olthoff JT, Lindsay A, Abo-Zahrah R, Baltgalvis KA, Patrinostro X, Belanto JJ, Yu DY, Perrin BJ, Garry DJ, Rodney GG, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Loss of peroxiredoxin-2 exacerbates eccentric contraction-induced force loss in dystrophin-deficient muscle. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5104. [PMID: 30504831 PMCID: PMC6269445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Force loss in skeletal muscle exposed to eccentric contraction is often attributed to injury. We show that EDL muscles from dystrophin-deficient mdx mice recover 65% of lost force within 120 min of eccentric contraction and exhibit minimal force loss when the interval between contractions is increased from 3 to 30 min. A proteomic screen of mdx muscle identified an 80% reduction in the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-2, likely due to proteolytic degradation following hyperoxidation by NADPH Oxidase 2. Eccentric contraction-induced force loss in mdx muscle was exacerbated by peroxiredoxin-2 ablation, and improved by peroxiredoxin-2 overexpression or myoglobin knockout. Finally, overexpression of γcyto- or βcyto-actin protects mdx muscle from eccentric contraction-induced force loss by blocking NADPH Oxidase 2 through a mechanism dependent on cysteine 272 unique to cytoplasmic actins. Our data suggest that eccentric contraction-induced force loss may function as an adaptive circuit breaker that protects mdx muscle from injurious contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Olthoff
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Reem Abo-Zahrah
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristen A Baltgalvis
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xiaobai Patrinostro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph J Belanto
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46022, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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16
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Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Behie LA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Induces Histological and Motor Improvements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:829-838. [PMID: 30238668 PMCID: PMC6216452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the death of dopamine (DA) neurons. Over recent years, differentiated or undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been widely used as a means of cell replacement therapy. However, compelling evidence has brought attention to the array of bioactive molecules produced by stem cells, defined as secretome. As described in the literature, other cell populations have a high‐neurotrophic activity, but little is known about NSCs. Moreover, the exploration of the stem cell secretome is only in its initial stages, particularly as applied to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we have characterized the secretome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) through proteomic analysis and investigated its effects in a 6‐hydroxidopamine (6‐OHDA) rat model of PD in comparison with undifferentiated hNPCs transplantation. Results revealed that the injection of hNPCs secretome potentiated the histological recovery of DA neurons when compared to the untreated group 6‐OHDA and those transplanted with cells (hNPCs), thereby supporting the functional motor amelioration of 6‐OHDA PD animals. Additionally, hNPCs secretome proteomic characterization has revealed that these cells have the capacity to secrete a wide range of important molecules with neuroregulatory actions, which are most likely support the effects observed. Overall, we have concluded that the use of hNPCs secretome partially modulate DA neurons cell survival and ameliorate PD animals’ motor deficits, disclosing improved results when compared to cell transplantation approaches, indicating that the secretome itself could represent a route for new therapeutic options for PD regenerative medicine. stem cells translational medicine2018;7:829–838
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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17
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Naringin protects acrolein-induced pulmonary injuries through modulating apoptotic signaling and inflammation signaling pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Lee DG, Kam MK, Kim KM, Kim HS, Kwon OS, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 prevents iron overload-induced neuronal death by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:10-19. [PMID: 29906559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for neuronal as well as cellular functions. However, Iron overload has been known to cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of Ca2+, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondria- and ER-related iron toxicity in neuronal cells are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that iron overload induces ROS production earlier in the ER than in the mitochondria, and peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5), which is a kind of antioxidant induced by iron overload, prevents iron overload-induced mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by contact with ER and translocation of Drp1, by inhibiting ROS production and calcium/calcineurin pathway in HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Moreover, Prx5 also prevented iron overload-induced ER-stress and cleavage of caspase-3, which consequently attenuated neuronal cell death. Therefore, we suggested that iron overload induces oxidative stress in the ER earlier than in the mitochondria, thereby increasing ER stress and calcium levels, and consequently causing mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death. So we thought that this study is essential for understanding iron toxicity in neurons, and Prx5 may serve as a new therapeutic target to prevent iron overload-induced diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seop Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lim YJ, Kim JH, Pan JH, Kim JK, Park TS, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Kim JH. Naringin Protects Pancreatic β-Cells Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Both Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways in Insulin-Deficient Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29314619 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, as well as other metabolic disorders. Naringin, a major flavanone glycoside in citrus species, has been shown to display strong antioxidant potential in in vitro and in vivo models of oxidative stress; however, the underlying protective mechanisms in diabetes are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS To study the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of naringin in preventing islet dysfunction and diabetes, we examined glucose homeostasis, β-cell apoptosis, and inflammatory response in insulin-deficient diabetic mice exposed to acute oxidative stress with streptozotocin (STZ). Naringin dose-dependently ameliorated hyperglycemia and islet dysfunction in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Naringin counteracted STZ-induced β-cell apoptosis by inhibiting both the intrinsic (mitochondria-mediated) and extrinsic (death receptor-mediated) pathways. Furthermore, these protective effects were associated with suppression of DNA damage response and nuclear factor-kappa B- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathways, as well as reduction of reactive oxygen species accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the pancreas. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study provides insights into the underlying mechanisms through which naringin protects the pancreatic β-cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Lim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
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20
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Hashmi MZ, Hasnain A, Syed JH, Tariq M, Su X, Mubarak H, Nasim W, Shen C. PCB118-Induced Cell Proliferation Mediated by Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathway in HELF Cells. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325817751525. [PMID: 29344011 PMCID: PMC5761904 DOI: 10.1177/1559325817751525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study used human lung fibroblast (HELF) cells as a test model to evaluate the role of oxidative stress (OS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) protein in HELF cell proliferation exposed to PCB118. Results from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide demonstrated that PCB118 at lower concentrations stimulated proliferation of HELF cell and abrogate proliferative effect at higher dose concentrations and in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase showed a significant increase at higher concentrations of PCB118 than the lower concentrations with the passage of time. Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase exhibited decreasing trends in dose- and time-dependent manner. Lipid peroxidation assay resulted in a significant increase in MDA level in PCB118-treated HELF cells compared with controls, suggesting that OS plays a key role in PCB118-induced toxicity. Comet assay indicated a significant increase in genotoxicity at higher concentrations of PCB118 exposure than the lower concentrations. It was found that PCB118 showed expression of ERK1/2 protein after 4 hours, while after 48 hours, the protein expression was less, indicating PCB toxicity to MAPK protein of HELF cell. Oxidative stress, ERK1/2, and HELF cell proliferation exhibited correlation. The results will elaborate toxicological evaluation of PCB118 to HELF cells and will help to develop drug for PCB-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hasnain
- Department of Geography, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Wucheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hussani Mubarak
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Schiavone S, Camerino GM, Mhillaj E, Zotti M, Colaianna M, De Giorgi A, Trotta A, Cantatore FP, Conte E, Bove M, Tucci P, Morgese MG, Trabace L. Visceral Fat Dysfunctions in the Rat Social Isolation Model of Psychosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:787. [PMID: 29167640 PMCID: PMC5682313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication with neuroleptics has been associated with adipose tissue dysfunctions and, in particular, with increased visceral fat amount. However, several studies suggested that antipsychotic treatment might not be the main responsible of fat mass accumulation, as this has been also described in not treated psychotic patients. One of the most used “drug-free” rodent models of psychosis is the social isolation rearing of young adult rats, which provides a non-pharmacologic method of inducing long-term alterations reminiscent of symptoms seen in psychotic patients. Recent data highlighted a crucial role of redox imbalance in adipose tissue dysfunctions, in terms of decreased antioxidant defense and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we investigated possible oxidative stress-related biomolecular alterations associated with visceral fat increase in 7 week isolated rats. To this purpose, we quantified total and visceral fat amount by using dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) absorptiometry. On visceral fat, we analyzed the expression of specific ROS-producer genes (Nox1, Nox4, Hmox-1), antioxidant enzymes (Prdx1 and Ucp-1) and oxidative stress-induced damage markers (Cidea, Slc2a4, and Acacb). The impact of oxidative stress on beta3-adrenergic receptors (Adrb3), at both mRNA and protein level, was also assessed. We found that 7 weeks of social isolation induced an increase in total and visceral fat, associated with a decrease in Prdx1 (mRNA and protein) as well as Ucp-1 mRNA levels and an enhanced expression of Nox1 (mRNA and protein) and Hmox-1 mRNA. No differences were detected in Nox4 mRNA levels between grouped and isolated animals. Elevations in Cidea, Slc2a4, and Acacb expression in visceral fat of isolated animals accounted for oxidative stress-related damage in this tissue, further associated with a significant increase in Adrb3 mRNA and protein. Our results provide a novel understanding of the pathological link existing among psychosocial stress-induced psychosis, adipose tissue dysfunctions and redox imbalance, opening new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of alterations in peripheral tissues associated with this mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giulia M Camerino
- Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Zotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marilena Colaianna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angelo De Giorgi
- Dual Diagnosis Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Trotta
- Rheumatology Unit, Foggia City Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Conte
- Department of Pharmacy and Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria G Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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22
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Kuksal N, Chalker J, Mailloux RJ. Progress in understanding the molecular oxygen paradox - function of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cell signaling. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1209-1227. [PMID: 28675747 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular oxygen (O2) paradox was coined to describe its essential nature and toxicity. The latter characteristic of O2 is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage structures vital for cellular function. Mammals are equipped with antioxidant systems to fend off the potentially damaging effects of ROS. However, under certain circumstances antioxidant systems can become overwhelmed leading to oxidative stress and damage. Over the past few decades, it has become evident that ROS, specifically H2O2, are integral signaling molecules complicating the previous logos that oxyradicals were unfortunate by-products of oxygen metabolism that indiscriminately damage cell structures. To avoid its potential toxicity whilst taking advantage of its signaling properties, it is vital for mitochondria to control ROS production and degradation. H2O2 elimination pathways are well characterized in mitochondria. However, less is known about how H2O2 production is controlled. The present review examines the importance of mitochondrial H2O2 in controlling various cellular programs and emerging evidence for how production is regulated. Recently published studies showing how mitochondrial H2O2 can be used as a secondary messenger will be discussed in detail. This will be followed with a description of how mitochondria use S-glutathionylation to control H2O2 production.
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23
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Park J, Kim B, Chae U, Lee DG, Kam MK, Lee SR, Lee S, Lee HS, Park JW, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 Decreases Beta-Amyloid-Mediated Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Activation Through Regulation of Ca 2+-Mediated Calpain Activation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:715-726. [PMID: 28358580 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aberrant Cdk5 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5) and oxidative stress are crucial components of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported that a change in peroxiredoxin (Prx) expression is associated with protection from neuronal death. The aim of the current study was to analyze the role of Prx in regulating Cdk5 activation in AD. RESULTS We found that of the six Prx subtypes, Prx5 was increased the most in cellular (N2a-APPswe cells) model of AD. Prx5 in the brain of APP (amyloid precursor protein) transgenic mouse (Tg2576) was more increased than a nontransgenic mouse. We evaluated Prx5 function by using overexpression (Prx5-WT), a mutation in the catalytic residue (Prx5-C48S), and knockdown. Increased neuronal death and Cdk5 activation by amyloid beta oligomer (AβO) were rescued by Prx5-WT expression, but not by Prx5-C48S or Prx5 knockdown. Prx5 plays a role in Cdk5 regulation by inhibiting the conversion of p35 to p25, which is increased by AβO accumulation. Prx5 is also upregulated in both the cytosol and mitochondria and it protects cells from AβO-mediated oxidative stress by eliminating intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Prx5 regulates Ca2+ and Ca2+-mediated calpain activation, which are key regulators of p35 cleavage to p25. Innovation and Conclusion: Our study represents the first demonstration that Prx5 induction is a key factor in the suppression of Cdk5-related neuronal death in AD and we show that it functions via regulation of Ca2+-mediated calpain activation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 715-726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Unbin Chae
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gil Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- 3 National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- 4 Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science , Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- 1 School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea.,2 College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Republic of Korea
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24
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Dokainish HM, Simard DJ, Gauld JW. A Pseudohypervalent Sulfur Intermediate as an Oxidative Protective Mechanism in the Archaea Peroxiredoxin Enzyme ApTPx. J Phys Chem B 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M. Dokainish
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Simard
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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25
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Wang X, Hai C. Novel insights into redox system and the mechanism of redox regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:607-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Douiri S, Bahdoudi S, Hamdi Y, Cubì R, Basille M, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M, Vaudry D, Masmoudi-Kouki O. Involvement of endogenous antioxidant systems in the protective activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damages in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 2016; 137:913-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Douiri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Seyma Bahdoudi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Yosra Hamdi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - Roger Cubì
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Magali Basille
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Alain Fournier
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval Quebec Canada
- Laboratoire International Associé Samuel de Champlain; Institut Armand-Frappier; Laval Quebec Canada
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - David Vaudry
- Inserm U982; Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandie (PRIMACEN); Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
- International Associated Laboratory Samuel de Champlain; University of Rouen; Mont-Saint-Aignan France
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology; Research Unit UR/11ES09; Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science of Tunis; University Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
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27
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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28
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Proteomics in Traditional Chinese Medicine with an Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:393510. [PMID: 26557146 PMCID: PMC4628675 DOI: 10.1155/2015/393510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing worldwide interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This increasing demand for TCM needs to be accompanied by a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of TCM-based therapy. However, TCM is often described as a concept of Chinese philosophy, which is incomprehensible for Western medical society, thereby creating a gap between TCM and Western medicine (WM). In order to meet this challenge, TCM research has applied proteomics technologies for exploring the mechanisms of action of TCM treatment. Proteomics enables TCM researchers to oversee various pathways that are affected by treatment, as well as the dynamics of their interactions with one another. This review discusses the utility of comparative proteomics to better understand how TCM treatment may be used as a complementary therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, we review the data from comparative AD-related TCM proteomics studies and establish the relevance of the data with available AD hypotheses, most notably regarding the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS).
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29
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Teixeira FG, Panchalingam KM, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Pereira R, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Behie LA. Do hypoxia/normoxia culturing conditions change the neuroregulatory profile of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cell secretome? Stem Cell Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26204925 PMCID: PMC4533943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of human umbilical cord Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) has been considered a new potential source for future safe applications in regenerative medicine. Indeed, the application of hWJ-MSCs into different animal models of disease, including those from the central nervous system, has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits mostly associated with their secretome. Conventionally, hWJ-MSCs are cultured and characterized under normoxic conditions (21 % oxygen tension), although the oxygen levels within tissues are typically much lower (hypoxic) than these standard culture conditions. Therefore, oxygen tension represents an important environmental factor that may affect the performance of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. However, the impact of hypoxic conditions on distinct mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, such as the secretome, still remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we have examined the effects of normoxic (21 % O2) and hypoxic (5 % O2) conditions on the hWJ-MSC secretome. Subsequently, we address the impact of the distinct secretome in the neuronal cell survival and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Results The present data indicate that the hWJ-MSC secretome collected from normoxic and hypoxic conditions displayed similar effects in supporting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in vitro. However, proteomic analysis revealed that the use of hypoxic preconditioning led to the upregulation of several proteins within the hWJ-MSC secretome. Conclusions Our results suggest that the optimization of parameters such as hypoxia may lead to the development of strategies that enhance the therapeutic effects of the secretome for future regenerative medicine studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Sandra Isabel Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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30
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Thiab NR, King N, Jones GL. Effect of ageing and oxidative stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in different regions of the rat kidney. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:253-60. [PMID: 26169983 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in ageing and the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. We examined levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as modulated by age and oxidative stress in different regions of the kidney. Antioxidant enzymes were examined in different regions of the kidney in male Wistar rats. Kidneys from rats of different ages (5, 12, 36 and 60 weeks) were dissected into cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla. Tissues were incubated for 30 min with or without 0.2 mM H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities progressively decreased with age under both control and stress conditions (P < 0.05) after peaking at 12 weeks. Antioxidant enzyme activities were greater in the cortex (P < 0.05) by comparison with the outer and inner medulla, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Riyadh Thiab
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nicola King
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Graham L Jones
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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31
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Vicente-Rodríguez M, Herradón G, Ferrer-Alcón M, Uribarri M, Pérez-García C. Chronic Cocaine Use Causes Changes in the Striatal Proteome Depending on the Endogenous Expression of Pleiotrophin. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1443-54. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Uribarri
- BRAINco Biopharma, S.L., Bizkaia Technology Park, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Shahaduzzaman MD, Mehta V, Golden JE, Rowe DD, Green S, Tadinada R, Foran EA, Sanberg PR, Pennypacker KR, Willing AE. Human umbilical cord blood cells induce neuroprotective change in gene expression profile in neurons after ischemia through activation of Akt pathway. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:721-35. [PMID: 25413246 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x685311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cell therapies have shown promising results in reducing brain infarct volume and most importantly in improving neurobehavioral function in rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, a model of stroke. In this study, we examined the gene expression profile in neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) with or without HUCB treatment and identified signaling pathways (Akt/MAPK) important in eliciting HUCB-mediated neuroprotective responses. Gene chip microarray analysis was performed using RNA samples extracted from the neuronal cell cultures from four experimental groups: normoxia, normoxia+HUCB, OGD, and OGD+HUCB. Both quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were carried out to verify the microarray results. Using the Genomatix software program, promoter regions of selected genes were compared to reveal common transcription factor-binding sites and, subsequently, signal transduction pathways. Under OGD condition, HUCB cells significantly reduced neuronal loss from 68% to 44% [one-way ANOVA, F(3, 16)=11, p=0.0003]. Microarray analysis identified mRNA expression of Prdx5, Vcam1, CCL20, Alcam, and Pax6 as being significantly altered by HUCB cell treatment. Inhibition of the Akt pathway significantly abolished the neuroprotective effect of HUCB cells [one-way ANOVA, F(3, 11)=8.663, p=0.0031]. Our observations show that HUCB neuroprotection is dependent on the activation of the Akt signaling pathway that increases transcription of the Prdx5 gene. We concluded that HUCB cell therapy would be a promising treatment for stroke and other forms of brain injury by modifying acute gene expression to promote neural cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Shahaduzzaman
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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33
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Park J, Choi H, Min JS, Kim B, Lee SR, Yun JW, Choi MS, Chang KT, Lee DS. Loss of mitofusin 2 links beta-amyloid-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and Cdk5-induced oxidative stress in neuron cells. J Neurochem 2015; 132:687-702. [PMID: 25359615 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in age-related degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for regulating mitochondrial function. Aβ oligomers (AβOs), the typical cause of AD, lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss. AβOs have been shown to induce mitochondrial fragmentation, and their inhibition suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress is one of the earliest hallmarks of AD. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) may cause oxidative stress by disrupting the antioxidant system, including Prx2. Cdk5 is also regarded as a modulator of mitochondrial fission; however, a precise mechanistic link between Cdk5 and mitochondrial dynamics is lacking. We estimated mitochondrial morphology and alterations in mitochondrial morphology-related proteins in Neuro-2a (N2a) cells stably expressing the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is known to increase AβO production. We demonstrated that mitochondrial fragmentation by AβOs accompanies reduced mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2) levels. Interestingly, the Cdk5 pathway, including phosphorylation of the Prx2-related oxidative stress, has been shown to regulate Mfn1 and Mfn2 levels. Furthermore, Mfn2, but not Mfn1, over-expression significantly inhibits the AβO-mediated cell death pathway. Therefore, these results indicate that AβO-mediated oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via decreased Mfn2 expression by activating Cdk5-induced Prx2 phosphorylation. Mitochondrial fragmentation induced by amyloid-beta oligomer (AβOs) which is generated from the Swedish mutation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) accompanies reduced Mfn1/2 levels. Interestingly, the Cdk5 pathway, including phosphorylation of the Prx2-related oxidative stress, has been shown to regulate Mfn1/2. Furthermore, Mfn2 over-expression significantly inhibits the AβO-mediated neuronal cells death pathway, but not Mfn1 over-expression. Therefore, these results indicate that AβO-mediated oxidative stress triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via decreased Mfn2 expression by activating Cdk5-induced Prx2 phosphorylation. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Cdk5, Cyclin-dependent kinase; Cyt C, cytochrome C; Mfn2, mitofusin 2; Prx2, peroxiredoxin 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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34
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Jeong HJ, Park M, Kim DW, Ryu EJ, In Yong J, Cha HJ, Kim SJ, Yeo HJ, Jeong JH, Kim DS, Kim HC, Shin EJ, Park EY, Park JH, Kwon HY, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Down-regulation of MAPK/NF-κB signaling underlies anti-inflammatory response induced by transduced PEP-1-Prx2 proteins in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 and TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:426-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Li L, Zhu K, Liu Y, Wu X, Wu J, Zhao Y, Zhao J. Targeting thioredoxin-1 with siRNA exacerbates oxidative stress injury after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 284:815-823. [PMID: 25451293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and their detrimental effects on the brain after transient ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic reperfusion injury. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an endogenous antioxidant protein that has neuroprotective effects. We hypothesized that Trx-1 plays a crucial role in regulating cerebral I/R injury. To be able to test this, 190 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) with Trx-1 siRNA (small interference RNA) injected 24 h prior to ischemia. At 24 h after tMCAO, we measured neurological deficits, infarct volume, and brain water content, and found that neurological dysfunction, brain infarct size, and brain edema were worse in the Trx-1 siRNA group than in the control group. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level. The levels of Trx-1 and its cofactor, peroxiredoxin (Prdx), were significantly decreased after Trx-1 down-regulated. However, there is no significant difference in the Prdx mRNA level after administration of Trx-1 siRNA. In contrast, Prdx-SO3 protein levels were significantly increased in the Trx-1 siRNA group. We also investigated the specific role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in Trx-1 induction by knocking down Nrf2. Nrf2 siRNA injection decreased Trx-1 mRNA and protein expression. Our results suggest that the exacerbation of brain damage was associated with enhanced cerebral peroxidation in brain tissues. Moreover, these results revealed that Trx-1, which is more likely regulated by Nrf2, exerts a neuroprotective role probably through maintaining the reduction activity of Prdx1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - K Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Gonzalez J, Jurado-Coronel JC, Ávila MF, Sabogal A, Capani F, Barreto GE. NMDARs in neurological diseases: a potential therapeutic target. Int J Neurosci 2014; 125:315-27. [PMID: 25051426 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.940941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDARs) is a ligand-gated ion channel that plays a critical role in excitatory neurotransmission, brain development, synaptic plasticity associated with memory formation, central sensitization during persistent pain, excitotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). Within iGluRs, NMDA receptors have been the most actively investigated for their role in neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It has been demonstrated that excessive activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) plays a key role in mediating some aspects of synaptic dysfunction in several CNS disorders, so extensive research has been directed on the discovery of compounds that are able to reduce NMDARs activity. This review discusses the role of NMDARs on neurological pathologies and the possible therapeutic use of agents that target this receptor. Additionally, we delve into the role of NMDARs in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and the receptor antagonists that have been tested on in vivo models of these pathologies. Finally, we put into consideration the importance of antioxidants to counteract oxidative capacity of the signaling cascade in which NMDARs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneth Gonzalez
- 1Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Zeldich E, Chen CD, Colvin TA, Bove-Fenderson EA, Liang J, Tucker Zhou TB, Harris DA, Abraham CR. The neuroprotective effect of Klotho is mediated via regulation of members of the redox system. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24700-15. [PMID: 25037225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage and neuronal cell death, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. The present study aimed to examine the mechanism by which the anti-aging protein Klotho exerts neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage associated with neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Pretreatment of rat primary hippocampal neurons and mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 with recombinant Klotho protected these cells from glutamate and oligomeric amyloid β (oAβ)-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, primary hippocampal neurons obtained from Klotho-overexpressing mouse embryos were more resistant to both cytotoxic insults, glutamate and oAβ, compared with neurons from wild-type littermates. An antioxidative stress array analysis of neurons treated with Klotho revealed that Klotho significantly enhances the expression of the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system with the greatest effect on the induction of Prx-2, an antioxidant enzyme, whose increase was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Klotho-induced phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, a pathway important in apoptosis and longevity, was associated with sustained inhibitory phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and was essential for the induction of Prx-2. Down-regulation of Prx-2 expression using a lentivirus harboring shRNA almost completely abolished the ability of Klotho to rescue neurons from glutamate-induced death and significantly, but not completely, inhibited cell death mediated by oAβ, suggesting that Prx-2 is a key modulator of neuroprotection. Thus, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the neuroprotective role of Klotho and reveal a novel mechanism underlying this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey B Tucker Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | | | - Carmela R Abraham
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Ribas V, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Glutathione and mitochondria. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:151. [PMID: 25024695 PMCID: PMC4079069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes. While synthesized exclusively in the cytosol from its constituent amino acids, GSH is distributed in different compartments, including mitochondria where its concentration in the matrix equals that of the cytosol. This feature and its negative charge at physiological pH imply the existence of specific carriers to import GSH from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix, where it plays a key role in defense against respiration-induced reactive oxygen species and in the detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides and electrophiles. Moreover, as mitochondria play a central strategic role in the activation and mode of cell death, mitochondrial GSH has been shown to critically regulate the level of sensitization to secondary hits that induce mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and release of proteins confined in the intermembrane space that once in the cytosol engage the molecular machinery of cell death. In this review, we summarize recent data on the regulation of mitochondrial GSH and its role in cell death and prevalent human diseases, such as cancer, fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicent Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain ; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - José C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC) Barcelona, Spain ; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Centre Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) Barcelona, Spain ; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pérez Estrada C, Covacu R, Sankavaram SR, Svensson M, Brundin L. Oxidative stress increases neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in adult neural progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2311-27. [PMID: 24773127 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen species that is involved in immunity and neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated whether and how pathophysiological levels of H2O2 influenced the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). H2O2 levels within the range measured at neuroinflammatory events were applied to rat primary NPC cultures during 24 h, and effects were assessed directly after exposure or in NPCs that were differentiated for 7 days after H2O2 removal. Exposed differentiated NPCs showed significantly increased numbers of neurons and oligodendrocytes compared with unexposed controls. To identify the possible origin of this differentiation result, we characterized the undifferentiated culture and found a significant increase in both OLIG2(+) cells and proliferative ASCL1(+) C cells that could contribute to both more neurons and oligodendrocytes. In addition, H2O2-induced neurogenesis was supported by western blot and paralleled by gene expression analyses, which revealed an increased expression of the proneural gene Ngn2 and the neuronally expressed gene β-III tubulin. To investigate potential mechanisms for the observed effects on NPC differentiation, we performed gene expression profile analyses for oxidative stress and antioxidant-related and chromatin modification genes where the expression of several important genes was affected by the exposure. Increased oligodendrocyte numbers correlated with increased expression of the chromatin modification enzyme Sirt2, suggesting the involvement of Sirt2 in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Our results suggest a modulatory effect on the differentiation potential of NPCs by H2O2. Our findings indicate that H2O2 exposure has significant effects on NPC proliferation, differentiation, and vulnerability. These results have implications for regeneration after any neuroinflammatory event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Pérez Estrada
- 1 Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden
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Barreto GE, Capani F, Cabezas R. Cortical spreading depression and mitochondrial dysfunction with aging: lessons from ethanol abuse. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:117. [PMID: 24959144 PMCID: PMC4051210 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Francisco Capani
- Laboratorio de Citoarquitectura y Plasticidad Neuronal, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas Prof. Dr. Alberto C. Taquini (ININCA), UBA-CONICET Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Saunders NR, Noor NM, Dziegielewska KM, Wheaton BJ, Liddelow SA, Steer DL, Ek CJ, Habgood MD, Wakefield MJ, Lindsay H, Truettner J, Miller RD, Smith AI, Dietrich WD. Age-dependent transcriptome and proteome following transection of neonatal spinal cord of Monodelphis domestica (South American grey short-tailed opossum). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99080. [PMID: 24914927 PMCID: PMC4051688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes a combined transcriptome and proteome analysis of Monodelphis domestica response to spinal cord injury at two different postnatal ages. Previously we showed that complete transection at postnatal day 7 (P7) is followed by profuse axon growth across the lesion with near-normal locomotion and swimming when adult. In contrast, at P28 there is no axon growth across the lesion, the animals exhibit weight-bearing locomotion, but cannot use hind limbs when swimming. Here we examined changes in gene and protein expression in the segment of spinal cord rostral to the lesion at 24 h after transection at P7 and at P28. Following injury at P7 only forty genes changed (all increased expression); most were immune/inflammatory genes. Following injury at P28 many more genes changed their expression and the magnitude of change for some genes was strikingly greater. Again many were associated with the immune/inflammation response. In functional groups known to be inhibitory to regeneration in adult cords the expression changes were generally muted, in some cases opposite to that required to account for neurite inhibition. For example myelin basic protein expression was reduced following injury at P28 both at the gene and protein levels. Only four genes from families with extracellular matrix functions thought to influence neurite outgrowth in adult injured cords showed substantial changes in expression following injury at P28: Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4, 480 fold compared to controls), matrix metallopeptidase (Mmp1, 104 fold), papilin (Papln, 152 fold) and integrin α4 (Itga4, 57 fold). These data provide a resource for investigation of a priori hypotheses in future studies of mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration in immature animals compared to lack of regeneration at more mature stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R. Saunders
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Natassya M. Noor
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin J. Wheaton
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane A. Liddelow
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - David L. Steer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - C. Joakim Ek
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Habgood
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Wakefield
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Lindsay
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessie Truettner
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Miller
- Center for Evolutionary & Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - A. Ian Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Kunze A, Zierath D, Tanzi P, Cain K, Becker K. Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRX5) is correlated inversely to systemic markers of inflammation in acute stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:608-10. [PMID: 24385276 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.003813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Peroxiredoxins are endogenous antioxidants that function as peroxide and peroxynitrite scavengers. Extracellular peroxiredoxins, however, are shown to initiate inflammation within the ischemic brain through activation of Toll-like receptors. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that plasma peroxiredoxin concentrations in ischemic stroke would correlate biomarkers of inflammation and predict poor outcome. METHODS In a prospective study of patients with ischemic stroke, plasma peroxiredoxin 5 (PRX5) concentrations and inflammatory biomarkers at day 3 after stroke onset were correlated and the association between PRX5 at day 3 and outcome at 3 months assessed. RESULTS PRX5 concentrations were available for 98 patients and were lower in those with more severe strokes (P=0.001). PRX5 was inversely correlated to biomarkers of inflammation at day 3 after stroke and did not predict 3-month outcome. CONCLUSIONS Plasma PRX5 is decreased in severe stoke and inversely correlated to biomarkers of systemic inflammation. These data suggest that PRX5 is not a proinflammatory mediator in acute stroke. Moreover, the inverse relationship between PRX5 and stroke severity suggests that PRX5 is either consumed or its production is impaired in severe stroke. Further study is needed to define the potential role of PRX5 in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Kunze
- From the Departments of Neurology (A.K., D.Z., P.T., K.B.) and Statistics (K.C.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Chen XW, Kang LH, Ding D, Liu Q, Wang JX, Kang CJ. Characterization of a 2-Cys peroxiredoxin IV in Marsupenaeus japonicus (kuruma shrimp) and its role in the anti-viral immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1848-1857. [PMID: 24056278 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that peroxiredoxins (Prx) are key molecules in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases and are potential therapeutic targets for major diseases such as cancers. In this study, we report a peroxiredoxin IV (Prx IV) in Marsupenaeus japonicus, designated as MjPrx IV, which exhibited peroxidase activity and participated in the anti-white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) immune response. MjPrx IV is a 245-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted 19-amino acid signal peptide, an Ahpc-TSA domain, and a 1-Cys PrxC domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the protein belongs to the Prx IV subfamily. MjPrx IV transcripts were detected in the gills, hepatopancreas, heart, stomach, ovaries, spermary, and intestine tissues, and are upregulated in the gonads, gills and hemocytes of shrimp after WSSV challenge. The mature MjPrx IV peptide was recombinantly expressed in an Escherichia coli system. The protein exhibited peroxidase activity. Furthermore, dsRNA suppression of MjPrx IV increased WSSV replication in shrimp, whereas rMjPrx IV injection into shrimp decreased WSSV replication. These data suggest that MjPrx IV has an important role in shrimp antiviral immunity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a shrimp Prx IV that has anti-WSSV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Vicente-Rodríguez M, Gramage E, Herradón G, Pérez-García C. Phosphoproteomic analysis of the striatum from pleiotrophin knockout and midkine knockout mice treated with cocaine reveals regulation of oxidative stress-related proteins potentially underlying cocaine-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Toxicology 2013; 314:166-73. [PMID: 24096156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic factors pleiotrophin (PTN) and midkine (MK) are highly upregulated in different brain areas relevant to drug addiction after administrations of different drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants. We have previously demonstrated that PTN and MK modulate amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and that PTN prevents cocaine-induced cytotoxicity in NG108-15 and PC12 cells. In an effort to dissect the different mechanisms of action triggered by PTN and MK to exert their protective roles against psychostimulant neurotoxicity, we have now used a proteomic approach to study protein phosphorylation, in which we combined phosphoprotein enrichment, by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, in order to identify the phosphoproteins regulated in the striatum of PTN knockout, MK knockout and wild type mice treated with a single dose of cocaine (15mg/kg, i.p.). We identified 7 differentially expressed phosphoproteins: 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 60 (ERP60), peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), aconitase and two subunits of hemoglobin. Most of these proteins are related to neurodegeneration processes and oxidative stress and their variations specially affect the PTN knockout mice, suggesting a protective role of endogenous PTN against cocaine-induced neural alterations. Further studies are needed to validate these proteins as possible targets against neural alterations induced by cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Gramage E, Pérez-García C, Vicente-Rodríguez M, Bollen S, Rojo L, Herradón G. Regulation of extinction of cocaine-induced place preference by midkine is related to a differential phosphorylation of peroxiredoxin 6 in dorsal striatum. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:223-31. [PMID: 23891929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The neurotrophic factors Midkine (MK) and Pleiotrophin (PTN) have been suggested to modulate drugs of abuse-induced effects. To test this hypothesis, cocaine (10 and 15mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was rendered in PTN knockout (PTN-/-), MK knockout (MK-/-) and wild type (WT+/+) mice, and then extinguished after repeated saline injections (distributed in 4 extinction sessions). Cocaine induced a similar CPP in all the three genotypes. We found a significantly increased percentage of MK-/- mice that did not extinguish cocaine CPP at the end of the extinction sessions. Particularly, 40% of MK-/- mice did not extinguish cocaine (15mg/kg)-induced CPP compared to WT+/+ and PTN-/- mice (∼0-6%). Interestingly, we found that a greater magnitude of extinction of CPP after the first extinction session (5 days after last administration of cocaine) correlates with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the enzyme peroxiredoxin 6 in the dorsal striatum of MK-/- mice. On the other hand, a greater magnitude of CPP extinction correlates with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of aconitase 2 in the prefrontal cortex of WT+/+ mice. In contrast, a lower magnitude of CPP extinction correlates with increased phosphorylation of aconitase 2 in the prefrontal cortex of PTN-/- mice, suggesting that the correlation between the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of aconitase 2 and magnitude of CPP extinction depends on the genotype considered. The data demonstrate that MK is a novel genetic factor that plays a role in the extinction of cocaine-induced CPP by mechanisms that may involve specific phosphorylation of striatal peroxiredoxin 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gramage
- Pharmacology Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Wilking M, Ndiaye M, Mukhtar H, Ahmad N. Circadian rhythm connections to oxidative stress: implications for human health. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19. [PMID: 23198849 PMCID: PMC3689169 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxygen and circadian rhythmicity are essential in a myriad of physiological processes to maintain homeostasis, from blood pressure and sleep/wake cycles, down to cellular signaling pathways that play critical roles in health and disease. If the human body or cells experience significant stress, their ability to regulate internal systems, including redox levels and circadian rhythms, may become impaired. At cellular as well as organismal levels, impairment in redox regulation and circadian rhythms may lead to a number of adverse effects, including the manifestation of a variety of diseases such as heart diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. RECENT ADVANCES Researchers have come to an understanding as to the basics of the circadian rhythm mechanism, as well as the importance of the numerous species of oxidative stress components. The effects of oxidative stress and dysregulated circadian rhythms have been a subject of intense investigations since they were first discovered, and recent investigations into the molecular mechanisms linking the two have started to elucidate the bases of their connection. CRITICAL ISSUES While much is known about the mechanics and importance of oxidative stress systems and circadian rhythms, the front where they interact has had very little research focused on it. This review discusses the idea that these two systems are together intricately involved in the healthy body, as well as in disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We believe that for a more efficacious management of diseases that have both circadian rhythm and oxidative stress components in their pathogenesis, targeting both systems in tandem would be far more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Wilking
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cimini A, Gentile R, Angelucci F, Benedetti E, Pitari G, Giordano A, Ippoliti R. Neuroprotective effects of PrxI over-expression in an in vitro human Alzheimer's disease model. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:708-15. [PMID: 23060010 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are ubiquitous proteins that recently attracted major interests in view of the strict correlation observed in several cell lines and/or tissues between different levels of their expression and the increased capacity of cells to survive in different pathophysiological conditions. They are recently considered as the most important enzymes regulating the concentration of hydroperoxides inside the cells. Most of neurodisorders such as Parkinson, Huntington, Alzheimer's diseases, and ischemic injury are characterized by conditions of oxidative stress inside cells. In these pathophysiological conditions, a strict correlation between cell survival and Prx expression has been found. In CNS all the Prx isoforms are present though with different expression pattern depending on cell phenotype. Interestingly, neurons treated with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), showed an overexpression of PrxI. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of PrxI after Aβ exposure and the underlying mechanisms by which PrxI expression counteracts cell death was investigated in a well established human AD in vitro model. Taking advantage on cells transfected by a construct where human PrxI is fused with a Green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the C-terminus, we report some events at the basis of cell survival after Aβ injury, suggesting possible new signal cascades dealing with the antiapoptotic effect of PrxI. The results obtained indicated a protective role for PrxI in counteracting Aβ injury by increasing cell viability, preserving neurites, and decreasing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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49
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Kim SU, Park YH, Min JS, Sun HN, Han YH, Hua JM, Lee TH, Lee SR, Chang KT, Kang SW, Kim JM, Yu DY, Lee SH, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin I is a ROS/p38 MAPK-dependent inducible antioxidant that regulates NF-κB-mediated iNOS induction and microglial activation. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 259:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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50
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Görg B, Bidmon HJ, Häussinger D. Gene expression profiling in the cerebral cortex of patients with cirrhosis with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2013; 57:2436-47. [PMID: 23325665 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis and is seen as the clinical manifestation of a low-grade cerebral edema associated with oxidative-nitrosative stress. However, comprehensive data on HE-associated molecular derangements in the human brain are lacking. In the present study, we used a whole human genome microarray approach for gene expression profiling in post mortem brain samples from patients with cirrhosis with or without HE and controls without cirrhosis. Altered expression levels were found for a total of 1,012 genes in liver cirrhosis patients without and with HE, and HE-characteristic gene expression changes were identified. Genes with altered expression pattern in HE were related to oxidative stress, microglia activation, receptor signaling, inflammatory pathways, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Despite an up-regulation of genes associated with microglia activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine messenger RNA profiles remained unchanged in the brains of patients with liver cirrhosis and HE compared with controls. Interestingly, many genes counteracting pro-inflammatory signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression were up-regulated in the cerebral cortex of patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. CONCLUSION Pathogenetic mechanisms of HE deduced from cell culture and animal experiments, such as oxidative stress, altered Zn(2+) homeostasis and microglia activation also apply to human brain from patients with liver cirrhosis and HE. The study also revealed a not-yet recognized increased expression of genes antagonizing proinflammatory signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2436-2447).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Görg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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