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Knudsen-Clark AM, Mwangi D, Cazarin J, Morris K, Baker C, Hablitz LM, McCall MN, Kim M, Altman BJ. Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic tumor microenvironment. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00288-2. [PMID: 39415049 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are prime therapeutic targets due to their pro-tumorigenic functions, but varying efficacy of macrophage-targeting therapies highlights our incomplete understanding of how macrophages are regulated within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The circadian clock is a key regulator of macrophage function, but how circadian rhythms of macrophages are influenced by the TME remains unknown. Here, we show that conditions associated with the TME such as polarizing stimuli, acidic pH, and lactate can alter circadian rhythms in macrophages. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been reported to play a role in macrophage response to acidic pH, our results indicate pH-driven changes in circadian rhythms are not mediated solely by cAMP signaling. Remarkably, circadian disorder of TAMs was revealed by clock correlation distance analysis. Our data suggest that heterogeneity in circadian rhythms within the TAM population level may underlie this circadian disorder. Finally, we report that circadian regulation of macrophages suppresses tumor growth in a murine model of pancreatic cancer. Our work demonstrates a novel mechanism by which the TME influences macrophage biology through modulation of circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Knudsen-Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mwangi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Morris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cameron Baker
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Hablitz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian J Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Knudsen-Clark AM, Mwangi D, Cazarin J, Morris K, Baker C, Hablitz LM, McCall MN, Kim M, Altman BJ. Circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered by the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580339. [PMID: 38405770 PMCID: PMC10888792 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are prime therapeutic targets due to their pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions in tumors, but the varying efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting macrophages highlights our incomplete understanding of how the tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence regulation of macrophages. The circadian clock is a key internal regulator of macrophage function, but how circadian rhythms of macrophages may be influenced by the tumor microenvironment remains unknown. We found that conditions associated with the TME such as polarizing stimuli, acidic pH, and elevated lactate concentrations can each alter circadian rhythms in macrophages. Circadian rhythms were enhanced in pro-resolution macrophages but suppressed in pro-inflammatory macrophages, and acidic pH had divergent effects on circadian rhythms depending on macrophage phenotype. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been reported to play a role in macrophage response to acidic pH, our results indicate that pH-driven changes in circadian rhythms are not mediated solely by the cAMP signaling pathway. Remarkably, clock correlation distance analysis of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) revealed evidence of circadian disorder in TAMs. This is the first report providing evidence that circadian rhythms of macrophages are altered within the TME. Our data further suggest that heterogeneity in circadian rhythms at the population level may underlie this circadian disorder. Finally, we sought to determine how circadian regulation of macrophages impacts tumorigenesis, and found that tumor growth was suppressed when macrophages had a functional circadian clock. Our work demonstrates a novel mechanism by which the tumor microenvironment can influence macrophage biology through altering circadian rhythms, and the contribution of circadian rhythms in macrophages to suppressing tumor growth.
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Müller WEG, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. The Physiological Inorganic Polymers Biosilica and Polyphosphate as Key Drivers for Biomedical Materials in Regenerative Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1303-1337. [PMID: 38348175 PMCID: PMC10860874 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a need for novel nanomaterials with properties not yet exploited in regenerative nanomedicine. Based on lessons learned from the oldest metazoan phylum, sponges, it has been recognized that two previously ignored or insufficiently recognized principles play an essential role in tissue regeneration, including biomineral formation/repair and wound healing. Firstly, the dependence on enzymes as a driving force and secondly, the availability of metabolic energy. The discovery of enzymatic synthesis and regenerative activity of amorphous biosilica that builds the mineral skeleton of siliceous sponges formed the basis for the development of successful strategies for the treatment of osteochondral impairments in humans. In addition, the elucidation of the functional significance of a second regeneratively active inorganic material, namely inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and its amorphous nanoparticles, present from sponges to humans, has pushed forward the development of innovative materials for both soft (skin, cartilage) and hard tissue (bone) repair. This energy-rich molecule exhibits a property not shown by any other biopolymer: the delivery of metabolic energy, even extracellularly, necessary for the ATP-dependent tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanobiomaterials based on these two evolutionarily old, regeneratively active materials, amorphous silica and amorphous polyP, highlighting their specific, partly unique properties and mode of action, and discussing their possible applications in human therapy. The results of initial proof-of-concept studies on patients demonstrating complete healing of chronic wounds are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Zeng S, Hu X. Lactic acidosis switches cancer cells from dependence on glycolysis to OXPHOS and renders them highly sensitive to OXPHOS inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:46-57. [PMID: 37295355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has emerged as a strategy for cancer treatment. However, most tumor cells exhibit Warburg effect, they primarily rely on glycolysis to generate ATP, and hence they are resistant to OXPHOS inhibitors. Here, we report that lactic acidosis, a ubiquitous factor in the tumor microenvironment, increases the sensitivity of glycolysis-dependent cancer cells to OXPHOS inhibitors by 2-4 orders of magnitude. Lactic acidosis reduces glycolysis by 79-86% and increases OXPHOS by 177-218%, making the latter the main production pathway of ATP. In conclusion, we revealed that lactic acidosis renders cancer cells with typical Warburg effect phenotype highly sensitive to OXPHOS inhibitors, thereby greatly expanding the anti-cancer spectrum of OXPHOS inhibitors. In addition, as lactic acidosis is a ubiquitous factor of TME, it is a potential indicator to predict the efficacy of OXPHOS inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zeng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, China.
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Ogbonnaya CN, Alsaedi BSO, Alhussaini AJ, Hislop R, Pratt N, Nabi G. Radiogenomics Reveals Correlation between Quantitative Texture Radiomic Features of Biparametric MRI and Hypoxia-Related Gene Expression in Men with Localised Prostate Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072605. [PMID: 37048688 PMCID: PMC10095552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform multiscale correlation analysis between quantitative texture feature phenotypes of pre-biopsy biparametric MRI (bpMRI) and targeted sequence-based RNA expression for hypoxia-related genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Images from pre-biopsy 3T bpMRI scans in clinically localised PCa patients of various risk categories (n = 15) were used to extract textural features. The genomic landscape of hypoxia-related gene expression was obtained using post-radical prostatectomy tissue for targeted RNA expression profiling using the TempO-sequence method. The nonparametric Games Howell test was used to correlate the differential expression of the important hypoxia-related genes with 28 radiomic texture features. Then, cBioportal was accessed, and a gene-specific query was executed to extract the Oncoprint genomic output graph of the selected hypoxia-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Based on each selected gene profile, correlation analysis using Pearson's coefficients and survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimators were performed. RESULTS The quantitative bpMR imaging textural features, including the histogram and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), correlated with three hypoxia-related genes (ANGPTL4, VEGFA, and P4HA1) based on RNA sequencing using the TempO-Seq method. Further radiogenomic analysis, including data accessed from the cBioportal genomic database, confirmed that overexpressed hypoxia-related genes significantly correlated with a poor survival outcomes, with a median survival ratio of 81.11:133.00 months in those with and without alterations in genes, respectively. CONCLUSION This study found that there is a correlation between the radiomic texture features extracted from bpMRI in localised prostate cancer and the hypoxia-related genes that are differentially expressed. The analysis of expression data based on cBioportal revealed that these hypoxia-related genes, which were the focus of the study, are linked to an unfavourable survival outcomes in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Ogbonnaya
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu 441103, Nigeria
| | - Basim S O Alsaedi
- Statistics Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer J Alhussaini
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Department of Medical Imaging, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sulaibikhat 1300, Kuwait
| | - Robert Hislop
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Norman Pratt
- Cytogenetic, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
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The Correlation of HK2 Gene Expression with the Occurrence, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1452861. [PMID: 35265223 PMCID: PMC8898847 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1452861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is one of the key factors involved in the development of several human cancers. However, its role in immune cell infiltration (ICI) and tumor development in renal cell carcinoma is not yet known. Thus, we aimed to explore its relationship with ICI, overall survival, and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Methods In this study, RNA-seq data from renal cancer and normal tissues were extracted from TCGA and the relationship between HK2 expression and pathological features of RCC patients was analyzed using the GEPIA and UALCAN databases. Subsequently, Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of HK2 in renal cell carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Lastly, various bioinformatics tools were applied to determine the immune cell infiltration, survival, and developing prediction model. Results The analysis of RNA-seq data revealed a high expression of HK2 in renal cell carcinoma; furthermore, Western blot and qRT-PCR also showed high expression of HK2 in renal cancer tissues and cell lines. The high expression of HK2 showed a significant positive correlation with the advanced stage of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, and worst survival in renal carcinoma patients. The high expression of HK2 was further identified as an independent risk factor of RCC patients; it also showed a significant positive immune cell infiltration RCC tumor microenvironment including macrophages, B cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion the expression of HK2 is positively correlated with the immune cell infiltration and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients, thus playing an important role in renal cancer development.
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Wilczyński JR, Nowak M. Cancer Immunoediting: Elimination, Equilibrium, and Immune Escape in Solid Tumors. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:1-57. [PMID: 35165859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emphasizing the dynamic processes between cancer and host immune system, the initially discovered concept of cancer immunosurveillance has been replaced by the current concept of cancer immunoediting consisting of three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Solid tumors composed of both cancer and host stromal cells are an example how the three phases of cancer immunoediting functionally evolve and how tumor shaped by the host immune system gets finally resistant phenotype. The elimination, equilibrium, and escape have been described in this chapter in details, including the role of immune surveillance, cancer dormancy, disruption of the antigen-presenting machinery, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, resistance to apoptosis, as well as the function of tumor stroma, microvesicles, exosomes, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Nowak
- Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Operative and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée JN. The Key Role of the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancers under Normoxic Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215557. [PMID: 34771718 PMCID: PMC8582658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in cancers and plays a major role in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Recent studies have shown that cancer processes are involved under normoxic conditions. These findings completely change the way of approaching the study of the cancer process. In this review, we focus on the fact that, under normoxic conditions, the overstimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to modifications in the tumor micro-environment and the activation of the Warburg effect, i.e., aerobic glycolysis, autophagy and glutaminolysis, which in turn participate in tumor growth. Abstract The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is upregulated in cancers and plays a major role in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation is associated with cancer. Hypoxic mechanisms lead to the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, promoting glycolytic and energetic metabolism and angiogenesis. However, HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxia, conditions under which the WNT/β-catenin pathway can activate HIF-1α. This review is therefore focused on the interaction between the upregulated WNT/β-catenin pathway and the metabolic processes underlying cancer mechanisms under normoxic conditions. The WNT pathway stimulates the PI3K/Akt pathway, the STAT3 pathway and the transduction of WNT/β-catenin target genes (such as c-Myc) to activate HIF-1α activity in a hypoxia-independent manner. In cancers, stimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway induces many glycolytic enzymes, which in turn induce metabolic reprogramming, known as the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, leading to lactate overproduction. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces gene transactivation via WNT target genes, c-Myc and cyclin D1, or via HIF-1α. This in turn encodes aerobic glycolysis enzymes, including glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production. The increase in lactate production is associated with modifications to the tumor microenvironment and tumor growth under normoxic conditions. Moreover, increased lactate production is associated with overexpression of VEGF, a key inducer of angiogenesis. Thus, under normoxic conditions, overstimulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway leads to modifications of the tumor microenvironment and activation of the Warburg effect, autophagy and glutaminolysis, which in turn participate in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien (GHEF), 6-8 Rue Saint-Fiacre, 77100 Meaux, France;
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80054 Amiens, France;
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR, CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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Waiczies S, Prinz C, Starke L, Millward JM, Delgado PR, Rosenberg J, Nazaré M, Waiczies H, Pohlmann A, Niendorf T. Functional Imaging Using Fluorine ( 19F) MR Methods: Basic Concepts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:279-299. [PMID: 33476007 PMCID: PMC9703275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney-associated pathologies would greatly benefit from noninvasive and robust methods that can objectively quantify changes in renal function. In the past years there has been a growing incentive to develop new applications for fluorine (19F) MRI in biomedical research to study functional changes during disease states. 19F MRI represents an instrumental tool for the quantification of exogenous 19F substances in vivo. One of the major benefits of 19F MRI is that fluorine in its organic form is absent in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the introduction of exogenous 19F signals in vivo will yield background-free images, thus providing highly selective detection with absolute specificity in vivo. Here we introduce the concept of 19F MRI, describe existing challenges, especially those pertaining to signal sensitivity, and give an overview of preclinical applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal function in animal models.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Waiczies
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Prinz
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Starke
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Ramos Delgado
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rosenberg
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pohlmann
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Siemens Healthcare, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Shen AM, Minko T. Pharmacokinetics of inhaled nanotherapeutics for pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2020; 326:222-244. [PMID: 32681948 PMCID: PMC7501141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of lipid-based nanotherapeutics by inhalation presents an advantageous alternative to oral and intravenous routes of administration that avoids enzymatic degradation in gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first pass metabolism and also limits off-target adverse side effects upon heathy tissues. For lung-related indications, inhalation provides localized delivery in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy at the site of action. Optimization of physicochemical properties, selected drug and inhalation format can greatly influence the pharmacokinetic behavior of inhaled nanoparticle systems and their payloads. The present review analyzes a wide range of nanoparticle systems, their formulations and consequent effect on pharmacokinetic distribution of delivered active components after inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Kang S, Lee S, Park S. iRGD Peptide as a Tumor-Penetrating Enhancer for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1906. [PMID: 32847045 PMCID: PMC7563641 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique structure and physiology of a tumor microenvironment impede intra-tumoral penetration of chemotherapeutic agents. A novel iRGD peptide that exploits the tumor microenvironment can activate integrin-dependent binding to tumor vasculatures and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1)-dependent transport to tumor tissues. Recent studies have focused on its dual-targeting ability to achieve enhanced penetration of chemotherapeutics for the efficient eradication of cancer cells. Both the covalent conjugation and the co-administration of iRGD with chemotherapeutic agents and engineered delivery vehicles have been explored. Interestingly, the iRGD-mediated drug delivery also enhances penetration through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies have shown its synergistic effect with BBB disruptive techniques. The efficacy of immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint blockades has also been amplified by using iRGD as a targeting moiety. In this review, we presented the recent advances in iRGD technology, focusing on cancer treatment modalities, including the current clinical trials using iRGD. The iRGD-mediated nano-carrier system could serve as a promising strategy in drug delivery to the deeper tumor regions, and be combined with various therapeutic interventions due to its novel targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soyeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.K.); (S.L.)
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Mishra CB, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Progress in the development of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their pharmacological applications: Where are we today? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2485-2565. [PMID: 32691504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+ ions and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. CAs are well-studied drug target for various disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, sleep apnea, and high altitude sickness. In the past decades, a large category of diverse families of CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been developed and many of them showed effective inhibition toward specific isoforms, and effectiveness in pathological conditions in preclinical and clinical settings. The discovery of isoform-selective CAIs in the last decade led to diminished side effects associated with off-target isoforms inhibition. The many new classes of such compounds will be discussed in the review, together with strategies for their development. Pharmacological advances of the newly emerged CAIs in diseases not usually associated with CA inhibition (neuropathic pain, arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer) will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra B Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Prado-Garcia H, Campa-Higareda A, Romero-Garcia S. Lactic Acidosis in the Presence of Glucose Diminishes Warburg Effect in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:807. [PMID: 32596143 PMCID: PMC7303336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acidosis (3 to 40 mM, pH < 6.9) is a condition found in solid tumors because tumor cells have a high rate of glucose consumption and lactate production even in the presence of oxygen; nevertheless, the microenvironment might still provide a sufficient glucose supply. Lactic acidosis has been proposed to shift metabolism from aerobic glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We tested if lung tumor cells cultured under lactic acidosis shift their metabolism from glycolysis to OXPHOS by consuming extracellular lactate, increasing growth rate. We analyzed lung adenocarcinoma (A-549, A-427) cell lines and non-transformed fibroblast cells (MRC-5), which were cultured using RPMI-1640 medium initially containing lactate (2 mM) and glucose (10 mM), at pH 7.2 or 6.2 and oxygen tension 21% O2 (normoxia) or 2% O2 (hypoxia). We obtained growth curves, as well as glucose consumption and lactate production rates (measured during exponential growth) for each cell line. HIF-1α (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α), CS (citrate synthase) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) transcript levels were analyzed using RT-qPCR. By flow cytometry, we determined: (a) expression of glucose transporters (GLUT)1 and 4; (b) lactate transporters (MCT)1 and 4; (c) cell cycle profile, and (d) protein levels of HIF-1α, total and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK). Mitochondrial functionality was evaluated by measuring O2 consumption in tumor cells using polarography and a Clark-type electrode. Tumor and non-transformed cells used both aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS for obtaining energy. As of 48 h of culture, lactate levels ranged from (4.5–14 mM), thus forming a lactic environment. Lactic acidosis diminished GLUT1/GLUT4 expression and glucose consumption in A-549, but not in A-427 cells, and induced differential expression of HIF-1α, AMPK, and CS transcripts. A-427 cells increased pAMPK and HIF-1α levels and shifted their metabolism increasing OXPHOS; thus supporting cell growth. Conversely, A-549 cells increased HIF-1α protein levels, but did not activate AMPK and diminished OXPHOS. A-549 cells survived by arresting cells in G1-phase. Our findings show that lactic acidosis diminishes Warburg effect in tumor cells, but this change does not necessarily promote a shift to OXPHOS. Hence, lung adenocarcinomas show a differential metabolic response even when they are under the same microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Campa-Higareda
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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Wirth R, Maróti G, Mihók R, Simon-Fiala D, Antal M, Pap B, Demcsák A, Minarovits J, Kovács KL. A case study of salivary microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Hungary: analysis by shotgun metagenome sequencing. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1773067. [PMID: 32922678 PMCID: PMC7448927 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1773067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of cigarette smoking in disease-development through altering the composition of the oral microbial community. Periodontitis and oral cancer are highly prevalent in Hungary; therefore, the salivary microbiome of smoker and non-smoker Hungarian adults was characterized. Methods Shotgun metagenome sequencing of salivary DNA samples from 22 individuals (11 non-smokers and 11 current smokers) was performed using the Ion Torrent PGMTM platform. Quality-filtered reads were analysed by both alignment-based sequence similarity searches and genome-centric binning. Results Prevotella, Veillonella and Streptococcus were the predominant genera in the saliva of both groups. Although the overall composition and diversity of the microbiota were similar, Prevotella was significantly more abundant in salivary samples of current smokers compared to non-smokers. Members of the genus Prevotella were implicated in the development of inflammatory diseases and oral cancer. The abundance of the genus Megasphaera also increased in current smokers, whereas the genera Neisseria, Oribacterium, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas were significantly reduced. The data generated by read-based taxonomic classification and genome-centric binning mutually validated the two distinct metagenomic approaches. Conclusion Smoking-associated dysbiosis of the salivary microbiome in current cigarette smokers, especially increased abundance of Prevotella and Megasphaera genera, may facilitate disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Mihók
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Donát Simon-Fiala
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márk Antal
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anett Demcsák
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Minarovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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15
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HemoSYS: A Toolkit for Image-based Systems Biology of Tumor Hemodynamics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2372. [PMID: 32047171 PMCID: PMC7012876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tumor hemodynamics are a critical determinant of a tumor’s microenvironment (TME), and profoundly affect drug delivery, therapeutic efficacy and the emergence of drug and radio-resistance. Since multiple hemodynamic variables can simultaneously exhibit transient and spatiotemporally heterogeneous behavior, there is an exigent need for analysis tools that employ multiple variables to characterize the anomalous hemodynamics within the TME. To address this, we developed a new toolkit called HemoSYS for quantifying the hemodynamic landscape within angiogenic microenvironments. It employs multivariable time-series data such as in vivo tumor blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV) and intravascular oxygen saturation (Hbsat) acquired concurrently using a wide-field multicontrast optical imaging system. The HemoSYS toolkit consists of propagation, clustering, coupling, perturbation and Fourier analysis modules. We demonstrate the utility of each module for characterizing the in vivo hemodynamic landscape of an orthotropic breast cancer model. With HemoSYS, we successfully described: (i) the propagation dynamics of acute hypoxia; (ii) the initiation and dissolution of distinct hemodynamic niches; (iii) tumor blood flow regulation via local vasomotion; (iv) the hemodynamic response to a systemic perturbation with carbogen gas; and (v) frequency domain analysis of hemodynamic heterogeneity in the TME. HemoSYS (freely downloadable via the internet) enables vascular phenotyping from multicontrast in vivo optical imaging data. Its modular design also enables characterization of non-tumor hemodynamics (e.g. brain), other preclinical disease models (e.g. stroke), vascular-targeted therapeutics, and hemodynamic data from other imaging modalities (e.g. MRI).
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16
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Wang HY, Cao PP, He ZY, He XW, Li WY, Li YH, Zhang YK. Targeted imaging and targeted therapy of breast cancer cells via fluorescent double template-imprinted polymer coated silicon nanoparticles by an epitope approach. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:17018-17030. [PMID: 31502627 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04655k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeting is vital for precise positioning and efficient therapy, and integrated platforms for diagnosis and therapy have attracted more and more attention. Herein, we established dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) by using the linear peptide of the extracellular region of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and adopting doxorubicin (DOX) as templates for targeted imaging and targeted therapy. Benefiting from the epitope imprinting approach, the imprinted sites generated by peptides on the MIP surface can be employed for recognizing the corresponding protein, which allowed the MIP to specifically and actively target HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Because of its ability to identify breast cancer cells, the MIP was applied for targeted fluorescence imaging by taking advantage of the excellent fluorescence properties of Si NPs, and the DOX-loaded MIP (MIP@DOX) can act as a therapeutic probe to effectively target and kill breast cancer cells. In fluorescence images, the targeting of the MIP promoted more uptake of the nanoparticles by cells than the non-imprinted polymer (NIP), so HER2-positive breast cancer cells incubated with the MIP exhibited stronger fluorescence, and there was no significant difference in fluorescence when HER2-negative cells and normal cells were respectively hatched with the MIP and NIP. Importantly, the cell viability was evaluated to demonstrate targeted accumulation and therapy of MIP@DOX for breast cancer cells. The nanoplatform for diagnosis and therapy combined the high sensitivity of fluorescence with the high selectivity of the molecular imprinting technique, which holds vital potential in targeted imaging and targeted therapy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zheng-Ying He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xi-Wen He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wen-You Li
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu-Kui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. and National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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17
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Xia Y, Kang TW, Jung YD, Zhang C, Lian S. Sulforaphane Inhibits Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Cells Proliferation through Suppression of HIF-1α-Mediated Glycolysis in Hypoxia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7844-7854. [PMID: 31241937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fourth common cancer among men and more than 70% of the bladder cancer is nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Because of its high recurrence rate, NMIBC brings to patients physical agony and high therapy costs to the patients' family and society. It is imperative to seek a natural compound to inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and prevent bladder cancer recurrence. Cell proliferation is one of the main features of solid tumor development, and the rapid tumor cell growth usually leads to hypoxia due to the low oxygen environment. In this study we found that sulforaphane, a natural chemical which was abundant in cruciferous vegetables, could suppress bladder cancer cells proliferation in hypoxia significantly stronger than in normoxia (p < 0.05): 20 μM sulforaphane inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation by 26.1 ± 4.1% in normoxia, while it inhibited cell proliferation by 39.7 ± 5.2% in hypoxia in RT112 cells. Consistently, sulforaphane inhibited cell proliferation by 29.7 ± 4.6% in normoxia, while it inhibited cell proliferation by 48.3 ± 5.2% in hypoxia in RT4 cells. Moreover, we revealed that sulforaphane decreased glycolytic metabolism in a hypoxia microenvironment by downregulating hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and blocking HIF-1α trans-localization to the nucleus in NMIBC cell lines. This study discovered a food sourced compound inhibiting bladder cancer cells proliferation and provided experimental evidence for developing a new bladder cancer preventive and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Department of Urology , New York University School of Medicine , 423E 23ST , New York , New York 10010 , United States
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , 501-190 , Korea
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , 501-190 , Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , 501-190 , Korea
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou Guangdong , 510515 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510515 , China
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou Guangdong , 510515 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510515 , China
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18
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Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process that follows an intricate scenario with a dynamic interplay of selective and adaptive steps and an extensive cast of molecules and signaling pathways. Solid tumor initially grows as an avascular bulk of cells carrying oncogenic mutations until diffusion distances from the nearest functional blood vessels limit delivery of nutrients and oxygen on the one hand and removal of metabolic waste on the other one. These restrictions result in regional hypoxia and acidosis that select for adaptable tumor cells able to promote aberrant angiogenesis, remodel metabolism, acquire invasiveness and metastatic propensity, and gain therapeutic resistance. Tumor cells are thereby endowed with capability to survive and proliferate in hostile microenvironment, communicate with stroma, enter circulation, colonize secondary sites, and generate metastases. While the role of oncogenic mutations initializing and driving these processes is well established, a key contribution of non-genomic, landscaping molecular players is still less appreciated despite they can equally serve as viable targets of anticancer therapies. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is one of these players: it is induced by hypoxia, functionally linked to acidosis, implicated in invasiveness, and correlated with therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarize the available experimental evidence supported by accumulating preclinical and clinical data that CA IX can contribute virtually to each step of cancer progression path via its enzyme activity and/or non-catalytic mechanisms. We also propose that targeting tumor cells that express CA IX may provide therapeutic benefits in various settings and combinations with both conventional and newly developed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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19
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Wang YL, Yao J, Chakhoyan A, Raymond C, Salamon N, Liau LM, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Pope WB, Nguyen N, Ji M, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. Association between Tumor Acidity and Hypervascularity in Human Gliomas Using pH-Weighted Amine Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Echo-Planar Imaging and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion MRI at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:979-986. [PMID: 31097430 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acidification of the tumor microenvironment from abnormal metabolism along with angiogenesis to meet metabolic demands are both hallmarks of malignant brain tumors; however, the interdependency of tumor acidity and vascularity has not been explored. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the association between pH-sensitive amine chemical exchange saturation transfer echoplanar imaging (CEST-EPI) and relative cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurements obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI in patients with gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 90 patients with histologically confirmed gliomas were scanned between 2015 and 2018 (median age, 50.3 years; male/female ratio = 59:31). pH-weighting was obtained using chemical exchange saturation transfer echo-planar imaging estimation of the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3 ppm, and CBV was estimated using DSC-MR imaging. The voxelwise correlation and patient-wise median value correlation between the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3 ppm and CBV within T2-hyperintense lesions and contrast-enhancing lesions were evaluated using the Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS General colocalization of elevated perfusion and high acidity was observed in tumors, with local intratumor heterogeneity. For patient-wise analysis, median CBV and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3 ppm within T2-hyperintense lesions were significantly correlated (R = 0.3180, P = .002), but not in areas of contrast enhancement (P = .52). The positive correlation in T2-hyperintense lesions remained within high-grade gliomas (R = 0.4128, P = .001) and in isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type gliomas (R = 0.4300, P = .002), but not in World Health Organization II or in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant tumors. Both magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3 ppm and the voxelwise correlation between magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry and CBV were higher in high-grade gliomas compared with low-grade gliomas in T2-hyperintense tumors (magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, P = .02; Pearson correlation, P = .01). The same trend held when comparing isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type gliomas and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant gliomas (magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, P = .04; Pearson correlation, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS A positive linear correlation between CBV and acidity in areas of T2-hyperintense, nonenhancing tumor, but not enhancing tumor, was observed across patients. Local heterogeneity was observed within individual tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Wang
- From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (Y.-L.W., J.Y., A.C., C.R., B.M.E.).,Department of Radiology (Y.-L.W.), People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J Yao
- From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (Y.-L.W., J.Y., A.C., C.R., B.M.E.).,Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.).,Department of Bioengineering (J.Y., B.M.E.), Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Chakhoyan
- From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (Y.-L.W., J.Y., A.C., C.R., B.M.E.).,Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.)
| | - C Raymond
- From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (Y.-L.W., J.Y., A.C., C.R., B.M.E.).,Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.)
| | - N Salamon
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.)
| | - L M Liau
- UCLA Brain Research Institute (L.M.L., A.L., B.M.E.).,Department of Neurosurgery (L.M.L.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - P L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology (P.L.N., A.L., N.N., M.J., T.F.C.)
| | - A Lai
- Department of Neurology (P.L.N., A.L., N.N., M.J., T.F.C.).,UCLA Brain Research Institute (L.M.L., A.L., B.M.E.)
| | - W B Pope
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.)
| | - N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology (P.L.N., A.L., N.N., M.J., T.F.C.)
| | - M Ji
- Department of Neurology (P.L.N., A.L., N.N., M.J., T.F.C.)
| | - T F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology (P.L.N., A.L., N.N., M.J., T.F.C.)
| | - B M Ellingson
- From the UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (Y.-L.W., J.Y., A.C., C.R., B.M.E.) .,Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences (J.Y., A.C., C.R., N.S., W.B.P., B.M.E.).,Physics and Biology in Medicine (B.M.E.).,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (B.M.E.).,UCLA Brain Research Institute (L.M.L., A.L., B.M.E.).,Department of Bioengineering (J.Y., B.M.E.), Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Lee DH, Kim SH, Lee SM, Han JK. Prediction of Treatment Outcome of Chemotherapy Using Perfusion Computed Tomography in Patients with Unresectable Advanced Gastric Cancer. Korean J Radiol 2019; 20:589-598. [PMID: 30887741 PMCID: PMC6424833 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate whether data acquired from perfusion computed tomography (PCT) parameters can aid in the prediction of treatment outcome after palliative chemotherapy in patients with unresectable advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Materials and Methods Twenty-one patients with unresectable AGCs, who underwent both PCT and palliative chemotherapy, were prospectively included. Treatment response was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (i.e., patients who achieved complete or partial response were classified as responders). The relationship between tumor response and PCT parameters was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. One-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results After chemotherapy, six patients exhibited partial response and were allocated to the responder group while the remaining 15 patients were allocated to the non-responder group. Permeability surface (PS) value was shown to be significantly different between the responder and non-responder groups (51.0 mL/100 g/min vs. 23.4 mL/100 g/min, respectively; p = 0.002), whereas other PCT parameters did not demonstrate a significant difference. The area under the curve for prediction in responders was 0.911 (p = 0.004) for PS value, with a sensitivity of 100% (6/6) and specificity of 80% (12/15) at a cut-off value of 29.7 mL/100 g/min. One-year survival in nine patients with PS value > 29.7 mL/100 g/min was 66.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the 12 patients (33.3%) with PS value ≤ 29.7 mL/100 g/min (p = 0.019). Conclusion Perfusion parameter data acquired from PCT demonstrated predictive value for treatment outcome after palliative chemotherapy, reflected by the significantly higher PS value in the responder group compared with the non-responder group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Senarathna J, Yu H, Deng C, Zou AL, Issa JB, Hadjiabadi DH, Gil S, Wang Q, Tyler BM, Thakor NV, Pathak AP. A miniature multi-contrast microscope for functional imaging in freely behaving animals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:99. [PMID: 30626878 PMCID: PMC6327063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling, cerebrovascular remodeling and hemodynamic changes are critical to brain function, and dysregulated in neuropathologies such as brain tumors. Interrogating these phenomena in freely behaving animals requires a portable microscope with multiple optical contrast mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a miniaturized microscope with: a fluorescence (FL) channel for imaging neural activity (e.g., GCaMP) or fluorescent cancer cells (e.g., 9L-GFP); an intrinsic optical signal (IOS) channel for imaging hemoglobin absorption (i.e., cerebral blood volume); and a laser speckle contrast (LSC) channel for imaging perfusion (i.e., cerebral blood flow). Following extensive validation, we demonstrate the microscope’s capabilities via experiments in unanesthetized murine brains that include: (i) multi-contrast imaging of neurovascular changes following auditory stimulation; (ii) wide-area tonotopic mapping; (iii) EEG-synchronized imaging during anesthesia recovery; and (iv) microvascular connectivity mapping over the life-cycle of a brain tumor. This affordable, flexible, plug-and-play microscope heralds a new era in functional imaging of freely behaving animals. Measuring multiple neurophysiologic variables usually requires bulky benchtop optical systems and working with anesthetized animals. Here the authors present a miniature portable microscope for neurovascular imaging in awake rodents, combining fluorescence, intrinsic optical signals and laser speckle contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaka Senarathna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Callie Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alice L Zou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - John B Issa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Darian H Hadjiabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stacy Gil
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Betty M Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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22
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Fahim AM, Shalaby MA. Synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and DFT calculations of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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De Simone G. Targeted treatment of anaerobic cancer. Patent evaluation of US2016279084 and US2017056350. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 29:1-6. [PMID: 30556445 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1558210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the initial studies of J. Folkman in 1970s, which led to the proposal of the antiangiogenic therapy, many drugs targeting VEGF or its receptors have been developed with some of them approved for cancer treatment. However, these molecules so far have shown only a limited effect on survival benefits in patients. Thus, new approaches are needed to treat this disease. Considering that cancer utilizes both aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic pathway, authors of patents US2016279084 and US2017056350 propose a method to eradicate the disease, able to affect both metabolic pathways. Areas covered: Patent US2016279084 describes a method consisting of the utilization of either a pharmaceutical cocktail containing antiglycolytic agents (a lactate transporter inhibitor and a NKCC inhibitor) and an angiogenesis inhibitor or a pharmaceutical cocktail containing a lactate transporter inhibitor and an angiogenesis inhibitor in combination with blood vessel occlusion. Patent US2017056350 is strictly related to US2016279084; indeed, it proposes a method consisting of blood vessel occlusion and treatment with a pharmaceutical cocktail, containing the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor bumetanide in presence or absence of an angiogenesis inhibitor. Expert opinion: Although the proposed methodology is very interesting and promising, further studies are necessary to assess the clinical applicability of the inventions.
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Liao G, Wang L, Yu W. Application of novel targeted molecular imaging probes in the early diagnosis of upper urinary tract epithelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6349-6354. [PMID: 30405770 PMCID: PMC6202512 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are presently limited. Upconversion particles (UCPs) could be used to target tumors for imaging. The present study aimed to assess the value of a nano-UCP as a diagnostic probe for deep tumor tissue, including UTUC. Polymer-coated water-soluble UCPs were synthesized. The pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) polypeptide was synthesized using the solid phase method. The silane shell surface was modified to present amino or carboxyl groups. Succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate was used for the coupling of the polypeptide to the UCPs. An animal model of subcutaneous tumor was established in 4-week old nude mice using UTUC cells. Urinary tract epithelial cancer T24 cells were injected into the diaphragm below the heart. PHLIP-UCP solution (1 ml) was injected into the abdominal cavity of each animal. Optical detection was performed using a small animal living body multispectral imaging system. UCPs dispersed in chloroform emitted no light under natural light, while they emitted a green light when excited with a 980-nm laser. The maximum emission wavelength of Ho3+-doped UCPs was ~550 nm and the red emission region was ~650 nm. As the coated UCPs possessed a tendency to agglomerate and precipitate, the yield of the UCPs in the aqueous phase was reduced. Tumors could be successfully imaged in tumor-bearing mice. NaYF4: Yb, Ho3+ UPCs could be used for the detection of UTUC, thus further studies are required to determine if it could be used in larger animals with deeper tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Liao
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Wang
- Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Yu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Vallée A, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis initiation under normoxic conditions through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gliomas. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:71-91. [PMID: 28822229 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway is up-regulated in gliomas and involved in proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Nuclear β-catenin accumulation correlates with malignancy. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation, which promotes glycolytic energy metabolism, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, whereas HIF-1α is degraded by the HIF prolyl hydroxylase under normoxic conditions. We focus this review on the links between the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms underlying vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through HIF-1α under normoxic conditions in gliomas. Wnt-induced epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, Wnt-induced signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin target gene transduction (c-Myc) can activate HIF-1α in a hypoxia-independent manner. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway activates HIF-1α through eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 and STAT3. The β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 complex directly binds to STAT3 and activates HIF-1α, which up-regulates the Wnt/β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-Myc in a positive feedback loop. Phosphorylated STAT3 by interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor activates HIF-1α even under normoxic conditions. The activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces, via the Wnt target genes c-Myc and cyclin D1 or via HIF-1α, gene transactivation encoding aerobic glycolysis enzymes, such as glucose transporter, hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase-A, leading to lactate production, as the primary alternative of ATP, at all oxygen levels, even in normoxic conditions. Lactate released by glioma cells via the monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1 up-regulated by HIF-1α and lactate anion activates HIF-1α in normoxic endothelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α prolyl hydroxylation and preventing HIF labeling by the von Hippel-Lindau protein. Increased lactate with acid environment and HIF-1α overexpression induce the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia and acidic pH have no synergistic effect on VEGF transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, F-86000 Poitiers, France
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Extracellular urease from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus MTCC 5604: scale up, purification and its cytotoxic effect thereof. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:133-141. [PMID: 30374769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Urease is a potent metalloenzyme with diverse applications. This paper describes the scale up and purification of an extracellular urease from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus MTCC 5604. The urease production was scaled-up in 3.7 L and 20 L fermentor. A maximum activity of 27 and 27.8 U/mL and a productivity of 0.90 and 0.99 U/mL/h were obtained at 30 h and 28 h in 3.7 and 20 L fermentor, respectively. Urease was purified to homogeneity with 49.85-fold purification by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography with a yield of 36% and a specific activity of 1044.37 U/mg protein. The enzyme showed three protein bands with molecular mass of 72.6, 11.2 and 6.1 kDa on SDS-PAGE and ~ 270 kDa on native PAGE. The cytotoxic effect of urease was assessed in vitro using cancer cell lines (A549 and MG-63) and normal cell line (HEK 293). Urease showed its inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines through the generation of toxic ammonia, which in turn increased the pH of the surrounding medium. This increase in extracellular pH, enhanced the cytotoxic effect of weak base chemotherapeutic drugs, doxorubicin (50 µM) and vinblastine (100 µM) in the presence of urease (5 U/mL) and urea (0-4 mM) significantly.
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Chen HL, OuYang HY, Le Y, Jiang P, Tang H, Yu ZS, He MK, Tang YQ, Shi M. Aberrant MCT4 and GLUT1 expression is correlated with early recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5339-5350. [PMID: 30306706 PMCID: PMC6246944 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a key determinant of cancer cell biology. The microenvironment is a complex mixture of tumor cells, stromal cells, and proteins, extracellular matrix, oxygen tension, and pH levels surrounding the cells that regulate the tumor progress. This study identified the prognostic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in HCC specimens. In this study, we analyzed MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in tissue samples from 213 patients with HCC by immunohistochemical analyses and in HCC tumor tissues and matched adjacent nonneoplastic tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR. We conducted a prognostic analysis of the overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) using immunoreactivity and other common clinical and pathological parameters. All variables with prognostic impact were further analyzed by multivariate analysis. We found that MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues, and they were positively correlated with tumor size. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression levels of MCT4 or GLUT1 had a poor OS and TTR. In patients with HCC, MCT4 expression was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.617; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.102–2.374; P = 0.014), and metabolic indicators were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR = 1.617, 95% CI = 1.102−2.374, P = 0.006) and TTR (HR = 1.348, 95% CI = 1.079−1.685, P = 0.009). Interestingly, patients with positive metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells had a significantly shorter OS and earlier TTR than those with negative metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells in the ≤5 cm and >5 cm subgroups. In summary, using the expression of MCT4 and GLUT1 and their metabolic parameters to determine the metabolic status of tumors is promising for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Han-Yue OuYang
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Le
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Fourth Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Shan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Ke He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.,Sate Key Laboratory of Oncology in South Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
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Lin C, Zhang X, Chen H, Bian Z, Zhang G, Riaz MK, Tyagi D, Lin G, Zhang Y, Wang J, Lu A, Yang Z. Dual-ligand modified liposomes provide effective local targeted delivery of lung-cancer drug by antibody and tumor lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptide. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:256-266. [PMID: 29334814 PMCID: PMC6058720 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abilities of a drug delivery system to target and penetrate tumor masses are key factors in determining the system’s chemotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we explored the utility of an anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (anti-CA IX) antibody and CPP33 dual-ligand modified triptolide-loaded liposomes (dl-TPL-lip) to simultaneously enhance the tumor-specific targeting and increase tumor cell penetration of TPL. In vitro, the dl-TPL-lip increased the cytotoxicity of TPL in CA IX-positive lung cancer cells, which showed tunable size (137.6 ± 0.8 nm), high-encapsulation efficiency (86.3 ± 2.6%) and sustained release. Dl-TPL-lip significantly improved the ability of liposomes to penetrate 3 D tumor spheroids and exhibited a superior inhibiting effect. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies in rats that received TPL liposomal formulations by endotracheal administration showed a reduced concentration of TPL (17.3%–30.6% compared to free TPL) in systemic circulation. After pulmonary administration in orthotopic lung tumor-bearing mice, dl-TPL-lip significantly enhanced TPL anti-cancer efficacy without apparent systemic toxicity. This dual-ligand modified liposomal vehicle presents a potential system for localized and targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lin
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Xue Zhang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ge Zhang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | | | - Deependra Tyagi
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ge Lin
- b School of Biomedical Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- c School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
| | - Aiping Lu
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China.,d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong , China.,d Changshu Research Institute , Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone , Changshu , China
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Sheng J, Sun LB, Zhao SF, Qi WW, Lv J, Zhang ZG, Ding AP, Qiu WS. Acidic stress induces protective autophagy in SGC7901 cells. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3285-3295. [PMID: 29983092 PMCID: PMC6134683 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518768167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of acidity on gastric cancer SGC7901 cells in terms of autophagy and provide a new strategy for therapeutically targeting gastric cancer autophagy in an acidic environment. Methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to examine the effect of an acidic environment on autophagosome formation. Light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 levels in SGC7901 cells exposed to acidic conditions were measured using Western blot analysis. To explore changes in autophagy flux, the cells were treated with an inhibitor of autophagy bafilomycin A1. The CCK-8 assay was performed to determine if inhibiting acid-induced autophagy affected cell proliferation. Results Increased autophagosome formation was observed by TEM. Punctate LC3 structures were observed in cells cultured under acidic conditions, whereas untreated cells exhibited diffuse and weak staining for punctate LC3 structures. Cytoplasmic LC3-I translocated to the autophagic membrane (LC3-II) levels increased under acidic conditions, whereas p62 levels decreased. The bafilomycin A1-induced inhibition of autophagy caused by the acidic environment inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusion The acidic environment upregulates autophagy in SGC7901 cells. In long-term culture, a stable and high level of autophagy is maintained in an acidic environment, which has a protective effect on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Bin Sun
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Fen Zhao
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Qi
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhong-Guang Zhang
- 2 Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ai-Ping Ding
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Qiu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Tiwari AP, Hwang TI, Oh JM, Maharjan B, Chun S, Kim BS, Joshi MK, Park CH, Kim CS. pH/NIR-Responsive Polypyrrole-Functionalized Fibrous Localized Drug-Delivery Platform for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20256-20270. [PMID: 29808986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Localized drug-delivery systems (LDDSs) are a promising approach for cancer treatment because they decrease systematic toxicity and enhance the therapeutic effect of the drugs via site-specific delivery of active compounds and possible gradual release. However, the development of LDDS with rationally controlled drug release and intelligent functionality holds great challenge. To this end, we have developed a tailorable fibrous site-specific drug-delivery platform functionalized with pH- and near-infrared (NIR)-responsive polypyrrole (PPy), with the aim of cancer treatment via a combination of photothermal ablation and chemotherapy. First, a paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) (PCL-PTX) mat was prepared by electrospinning and subsequently in situ membrane surface-functionalized with different concentrations of PPy. The obtained PPy-functionalized mats exhibited excellent photostability and heating property in response to NIR exposure. PPy-coated mats exhibited enhanced PTX release in a pH 5.5 environment compared to pH 7.4. Release was further accelerated in response to NIR under both conditions; however, superior release was observed at pH 5.5 compared to pH 7.4, indicating a dual stimuli-responsive (pH and NIR) drug-delivery platform. More importantly, the 808 nm NIR irradiation enabled markedly accelerated PTX release from PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats and slowed and sustained release following termination of laser irradiation, confirming representative stepwise drug-release properties. PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats presented significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy under NIR irradiation compared to PPy-coated PCL-PTX mats not exposed to NIR or uncoated mats (PCL-PTX). This study has thus developed a promising fibrous site-specific drug-delivery platform with NIR- and pH-triggering that notably utilizes PPy as a dopant for synergistic photothermal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahesh Kumar Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus , Tribhuvan University , Kathmandu 44605 , Nepal
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Supuran CT, Alterio V, Di Fiore A, D' Ambrosio K, Carta F, Monti SM, De Simone G. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX targets primary tumors, metastases, and cancer stem cells: Three for the price of one. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1799-1836. [PMID: 29635752 DOI: 10.1002/med.21497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is a tumor-associated protein, since it is scarcely present in normal tissues, but highly overexpressed in a large number of solid tumors, where it actively contributes to survival and metastatic spread of tumor cells. Due to these features, the characterization of its biochemical, structural, and functional features for drug design purposes has been extensively carried out, with consequent development of several highly selective small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies to be used for different purposes. Aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art of studies performed on this enzyme, regarding structural, functional, and biomedical aspects, as well as the development of molecules with diagnostic and therapeutic applications for cancer treatment. A brief description of additional pharmacologic applications for CA IX inhibition in other diseases, such as arthritis and ischemia, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Wu H, Ying M, Hu X. Lactic acidosis switches cancer cells from aerobic glycolysis back to dominant oxidative phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40621-40629. [PMID: 27259254 PMCID: PMC5130031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is accompanied with a switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis, it is interesting to ask if cancer cells can revert from Warburg effect to OXPHOS. Our previous works suggested that cancer cells reverted to OXPHOS, when they were exposed to lactic acidosis, a common factor in tumor environment. However, the conclusion cannot be drawn unless ATP output from glycolysis and OXPHOS is quantitatively determined. Here we quantitatively measured ATP generation from glycolysis and OXPHOS in 9 randomly selected cancer cell lines. Without lactic acidosis, glycolysis and OXPHOS generated 23.7% − 52.2 % and 47.8% − 76.3% of total ATP, respectively; with lactic acidosis (20 mM lactate with pH 6.7), glycolysis and OXPHOS provided 5.7% − 13.4% and 86.6% − 94.3% of total ATP. We concluded that cancer cells under lactic acidosis reverted from Warburg effect to OXPHOS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory For Cancer Prevention & Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yang J, Gao G, Zhang X, Ma YH, Jia HR, Jiang YW, Wang Z, Wu FG. Ultrasmall and photostable nanotheranostic agents based on carbon quantum dots passivated with polyamine-containing organosilane molecules. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:15441-15452. [PMID: 28976508 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that ultrasmall, photostable and multifunctional carbon quantum dots (or carbon dots, CDs) passivated with polyamine-containing organosilane molecules can realize simultaneous cell imaging and anticancer drug delivery. The presence of abundant surface amine groups makes these CDs be able to covalently link with the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), with an extremely high drug loading capacity (62.8%), while the surface hydroxyl groups ensure the good water-dispersibility of the CDs-DOX. Besides the use as a drug carrier, the fluorescent CDs also enable the dynamic tracing of the drug release process. When the CDs-DOX complexes were internalized by the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), DOX could gradually detach from the surface of CDs and enter into the cell nucleus, while the CDs themselves still resided in the cytoplasm. In addition, the in vivo experiments showed that the CDs-DOX complexes exhibited a better tumor inhibition performance than free DOX molecules, which may be ascribed to the prolonged drug accumulation in tumor tissues. Furthermore, the as-synthesized CDs also exhibited negligible cytotoxicity/systemic side effects, and could successfully illuminate mammalian, bacterial and fungal cells, making them good candidates as not only drug delivery vehicles but also universal cell imaging reagents. The present work may have implications for the fabrication of functional carbon-based nanomaterials and foster the development of carbon dots as novel nanotheranostics for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China.
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Srivastava K, Ferrauto G, Young VG, Aime S, Pierre VC. Eight-Coordinate, Stable Fe(II) Complex as a Dual 19F and CEST Contrast Agent for Ratiometric pH Imaging. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:12206-12213. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies & Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies & Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Valérie C. Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Abstract
For over a century, non-virus microorganisms, notably bacteria have been implicated as causal agents of cancers, a relatively small number of researchers have provided evidence to support the so-called “cancer germ” hypothesis. With the exception of the link between Helicobacter pylori and stomach cancer, other supposed links have been ignored. A wide range of bacteria and other non-virus microbes, including fungi, have been implicated over the years in oncogenesis, as well as the ability to induce inflammation, which may cause cancer. It seems that there is no single “cancer germ,” as most bacteria can apparently induce cancer. Here, the role of bacteria and other non-virus microorganisms and oral cancers will be discussed. By ignoring bacteria as a causal agent of cancer, we set back our understanding of this crucially important disease and, as a result, have hindered the development of potential cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A Faden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 961] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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CT Perfusion evaluation of gastric cancer: correlation with histologic type. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:487-495. [PMID: 28779403 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate if the perfusion parameters of gastric cancer can provide information on histologic subtypes of gastric cancer. METHODS We performed preoperative perfusion CT (PCT) and curative gastrectomy in 46 patients. PCT data were analysed using a dedicated software program. Perfusion parameters were obtained by two independent radiologists and were compared according to histologic type using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. To assess inter-reader agreement, we used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Inter-reader agreement for perfusion parameters was moderate to substantial (ICC = 0.585-0.678). Permeability surface value of poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC) was significantly higher than other histologic types (47.3 ml/100 g/min in PCC vs 26.5 ml/100 g/min in non-PCC, P < 0.001). Mean transit time (MTT) of PCC was also significantly longer than non-PCC (13.0 s in PCC vs 10.3 s in non-PCC, P = 0.032). The area under the curve to predict PCC was 0.891 (P < 0.001) for permeability surface and 0.697 (P = 0.015) for MTT. CONCLUSION Obtaining perfusion parameters from PCT was feasible in gastric cancer patients and can aid in the preoperative imaging diagnosis of PCC-type gastric cancer as the permeability surface and MTT value of PCC type gastric cancer were significantly higher than those of non-PCC. KEY POINTS • Obtaining perfusion parameters from PCT was feasible in patients with gastric cancer. • Permeability surface and MTT were significantly higher in poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC). • Permeability surface, MTT can aid in the preoperative imaging diagnosis of PCC.
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Mamo G. Anaerobes as Sources of Bioactive Compounds and Health Promoting Tools. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 156:433-464. [PMID: 27432247 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic microorganisms have been sources of medicinal agents for several decades and an impressive variety of drugs have been isolated from their cultures, studied and formulated to treat or prevent diseases. On the other hand, anaerobes, which are believed to be the oldest life forms on earth and evolved remarkably diverse physiological functions, have largely been neglected as sources of bioactive compounds. However, results obtained from the limited research done so far show that anaerobes are capable of producing a range of interesting bioactive compounds that can promote human health. In fact, some of these bioactive compounds are found to be novel in their structure and/or mode of action.Anaerobes play health-promoting roles through their bioactive products as well as application of whole cells. The bioactive compounds produced by these microorganisms include antimicrobial agents and substances such as immunomodulators and vitamins. Bacteriocins produced by anaerobes have been in use as preservatives for about 40 years. Because these substances are effective at low concentrations, encounter relatively less resistance from bacteria and are safe to use, there is a growing interest in these antimicrobial agents. Moreover, several antibiotics have been reported from the cultures of anaerobes. Closthioamide and andrimid produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum and Pantoea agglomerans, respectively, are examples of novel antibiotics of anaerobe origin. The discovery of such novel bioactive compounds is expected to encourage further studies which can potentially lead to tapping of the antibiotic production potential of this fascinating group of microorganisms.Anaerobes are widely used in preparation of fermented foods and beverages. During the fermentation processes, these organisms produce a number of bioactive compounds including anticancer, antihypertensive and antioxidant substances. The well-known health promoting effect of fermented food is mostly due to these bioactive compounds. In addition to their products, whole cell anaerobes have very interesting applications for enhancing the quality of life. Probiotic anaerobes have been on the market for many years and are receiving growing acceptance as health promoters. Gut anaerobes have been used to treat patients suffering from severe Clostridium difficile infection syndromes including diarrhoea and colitis which cannot be treated by other means. Whole cell anaerobes are also studied to detect and cure cancer. In recent years, evidence is emerging that anaerobes constituting the microbiome are linked to our overall health. A dysfunctional microbiome is believed to be the cause of many diseases including cancer, allergy, infection, obesity, diabetes and several other disorders. Maintaining normal microflora is believed to alleviate some of these serious health problems. Indeed, the use of probiotics and prebiotics which favourably change the number and composition of the gut microflora is known to render a health promoting effect. Our interaction with the microbiome anaerobes is complex. In fact, not only our lives but also our identities are more closely linked to the anaerobic microbial world than we may possibly imagine. We are just at the beginning of unravelling the secret of association between the microbiome and human body, and a clear understanding of the association may bring a paradigm shift in the way we diagnose and treat diseases and disorders. This chapter highlights some of the work done on bioactive compounds and whole cell applications of the anaerobes that foster human health and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Mamo
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Lactate, a Neglected Factor for Diabetes and Cancer Interaction. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6456018. [PMID: 28077918 PMCID: PMC5203906 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6456018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing body of evidence suggests that there exists a connection between diabetes and cancer. Nevertheless, to date, the potential reasons for this association are still poorly understood and currently there is no clinical evidence available to direct the proper management of patients presenting with these two diseases concomitantly. Both cancer and diabetes have been associated with abnormal lactate metabolism and high level of lactate production is the key biological property of these diseases. Conversely, high lactate contribute to a higher insulin resistant status and a more malignant phenotype of cancer cells, promoting diabetes and cancer development and progression. In view of associations between diabetes and cancers, the role of high lactate production in diabetes and cancer interaction should not be neglected. Here, we review the available evidence of lactate's role in different biological characteristics of diabetes and cancer and interactive relationship between them. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind metabolic remodeling of diabetes- and cancer-related signaling would endow novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for diabetes and cancer treatment.
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Ghorab MM, Ragab FA, Heiba HI, Soliman AM. Design and synthesis of some novel 4-Chloro-N-(4-(1-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives as anticancer and radiosensitizing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:8-18. [PMID: 27085944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of sulfonamide derivatives 4-21 have been synthesized starting from the strategic starting material (E)-4-Chloro-N-(4-(1-(2-(2-cyanoacetyl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenyl) benzenesulfonamide 4. Two series of hydrazone 5-9, and pyridone 10-21 derivatives bearing a sulfonamide moiety were obtained. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Compounds 4-6, 8, 9, 10-14 and 16-18 showed higher activity compared to doxorubicin as a positive control. The radiosensitizing ability of the most promising compounds 4, 10 and 12 was studied which showed an increase in the cell killing effect of γ-radiation after combination with these derivatives. The molecular design was performed to predict the binding mode of the most promising compounds 4, 10 and 12 with the active site of hCA IX, that showed appropriate fitting with the relevant amino acids in the binding pocket on the basis of standard bond lengths, angles, S score and E conformation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Helmy I Heiba
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Eilaghi A, Yeung T, d'Esterre C, Bauman G, Yartsev S, Easaw J, Fainardi E, Lee TY, Frayne R. Quantitative Perfusion and Permeability Biomarkers in Brain Cancer from Tomographic CT and MR Images. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:47-59. [PMID: 27398030 PMCID: PMC4933536 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s31801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion and permeability imaging, using computed tomography and magnetic resonance systems, are important techniques for assessing the vascular supply and hemodynamics of healthy brain parenchyma and tumors. These techniques can measure blood flow, blood volume, and blood-brain barrier permeability surface area product and, thus, may provide information complementary to clinical and pathological assessments. These have been used as biomarkers to enhance the treatment planning process, to optimize treatment decision-making, and to enable monitoring of the treatment noninvasively. In this review, the principles of magnetic resonance and computed tomography dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion and permeability imaging are described (with an emphasis on their commonalities), and the potential values of these techniques for differentiating high-grade gliomas from other brain lesions, distinguishing true progression from posttreatment effects, and predicting survival after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic treatments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Eilaghi
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Seaman Family MR Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy Yeung
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher d'Esterre
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Seaman Family MR Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Glenn Bauman
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Slav Yartsev
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jay Easaw
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.; Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ting-Yim Lee
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.; Seaman Family MR Centre, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Chan CF, Zhou Y, Guo H, Zhang J, Jiang L, Chen W, Shiu KK, Wong WK, Wong KL. pH-Dependent Cancer-Directed Photodynamic Therapy by a Water-Soluble Graphitic-Phase Carbon Nitride-Porphyrin Nanoprobe. Chempluschem 2016; 81:535-540. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fai Chan
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Physics; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Department of Physics; Beihang University; Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX 76019 USA
| | - Kwok-Keung Shiu
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University; Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
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Jones KM, Randtke EA, Howison CM, Pagel MD. Respiration gating and Bloch fitting improve pH measurements with acidoCEST MRI in an ovarian orthotopic tumor model. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2016; 9788. [PMID: 27212783 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a MRI method that can measure extracellular pH in tumor tissues, known as acidoCEST MRI. This method relies on the detection of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) of iopamidol, an FDA-approved CT contrast agent that has two CEST signals. A log10 ratio of the two CEST signals is linearly correlated with pH, but independent of agent concentration, endogenous T1 relaxation time, and B1 inhomogeneity. Therefore, detecting both CEST effects of iopamidol during in vivo studies can be used to accurately measure the extracellular pH in tumor tissues. Past in vivo studies using acidoCEST MRI have suffered from respiration artifacts in orthotopic and lung tumor models that have corrupted pH measurements. In addition, the non-linear fitting method used to analyze results is unreliable as it is subject to over-fitting especially with noisy CEST spectra. To improve the technique, we have recently developed a respiration gated CEST MRI pulse sequence that has greatly reduced motion artifacts, and we have included both a prescan and post scan to remove endogenous CEST effects. In addition, we fit the results by parameterizing the contrast of the exogenous agent with respect to pH via the Bloch equations modified for chemical exchange, which is less subject to over-fitting than the non-linear method. These advances in the acidoCEST MRI technique and analysis methods have made pH measurements more reliable, especially in areas of the body subject to respiratory motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Jones
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Edward A Randtke
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Cancer Biology Program
| | - Christine M Howison
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Cancer Biology Program
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Cancer Biology Program; University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ
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Coman D, Huang Y, Rao JU, De Feyter HM, Rothman DL, Juchem C, Hyder F. Imaging the intratumoral-peritumoral extracellular pH gradient of gliomas. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:309-19. [PMID: 26752688 PMCID: PMC4769673 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumors have an acidic extracellular pH (pHe ) but near neutral intracellular pH (pHi ). Because acidic pHe milieu is conducive to tumor growth and builds resistance to therapy, simultaneous mapping of pHe inside and outside the tumor (i.e., intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient) fulfills an important need in cancer imaging. We used Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS), which utilizes shifts of non-exchangeable protons from macrocyclic chelates (e.g., 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylene phosphonate) or DOTP(8-) ) complexed with paramagnetic thulium (Tm(3) (+) ) ion, to generate in vivo pHe maps in rat brains bearing 9L and RG2 tumors. Upon TmDOTP(5-) infusion, MRI identified the tumor boundary by enhanced water transverse relaxation and BIRDS allowed imaging of intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradients. The pHe measured by BIRDS was compared with pHi measured with (31) P-MRS. In normal tissue, pHe was similar to pHi , but inside the tumor pHe was lower than pHi . While the intratumoral pHe was acidic for both tumor types, peritumoral pHe varied with tumor type. The intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient was much larger for 9L than RG2 tumors because in RG2 tumors acidic pHe was found in distal peritumoral regions. The increased presence of Ki-67 positive cells beyond the RG2 tumor border suggested that RG2 was more invasive than the 9L tumor. These results indicate that extensive acidic pHe beyond the tumor boundary correlates with tumor cell invasion. In summary, BIRDS has sensitivity to map the in vivo intratumoral-peritumoral pHe gradient, thereby creating preclinical applications in monitoring cancer therapeutic responses (e.g., with pHe -altering drugs). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuegao Huang
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jyotsna U. Rao
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henk M. De Feyter
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Ho N, Morrison J, Silva A, Coomber BL. The effect of 3-bromopyruvate on human colorectal cancer cells is dependent on glucose concentration but not hexokinase II expression. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:e00299. [PMID: 26740252 PMCID: PMC4759612 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells heavily rely on the glycolytic pathway regardless of oxygen tension. Hexokinase II (HKII) catalyses the first irreversible step of glycolysis and is often overexpressed in cancer cells. 3-Bromopyruvate (3BP) has been shown to primarily target HKII, and is a promising anti-cancer compound capable of altering critical metabolic pathways in cancer cells. Abnormal vasculature within tumours leads to heterogeneous microenvironments, including glucose availability, which may affect drug sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which 3BP acts on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with focus on the HKII/Akt signalling axis. High HKII-expressing cell lines were more sensitive to 3BP than low HKII-expressing cells. 3BP-induced rapid Akt phosphorylation at site Thr-308 and cell death via both apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms. Cells grown under lower glucose concentrations showed greater resistance towards 3BP. Cells with HKII knockdown showed no changes in 3BP sensitivity, suggesting the effects of 3BP are independent of HKII expression. These results emphasize the importance of the tumour microenvironment and glucose availability when considering therapeutic approaches involving metabolic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jodi Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Andreza Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Brenda L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
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46
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Influence of the interaction between long noncoding RNAs and hypoxia on tumorigenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1379-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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47
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England CG, Gobin AM, Frieboes HB. Evaluation of uptake and distribution of gold nanoparticles in solid tumors. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2015; 130:231. [PMID: 27014559 PMCID: PMC4800753 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/i2015-15231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although nanotherapeutics offer a targeted and potentially less toxic alternative to systemic chemotherapy in cancer treatment, nanotherapeutic transport is typically hindered by abnormal characteristics of tumor tissue. Once nanoparticles targeted to tumor cells arrive in the circulation of tumor vasculature, they must extravasate from irregular vessels and diffuse through the tissue to ideally reach all malignant cells in cytotoxic concentrations. The enhanced permeability and retention effect can be leveraged to promote extravasation of appropriately sized particles from tumor vasculature; however, therapeutic success remains elusive partly due to inadequate intra-tumoral transport promoting heterogeneous nanoparticle uptake and distribution. Irregular tumor vasculature not only hinders particle transport but also sustains hypoxic tissue kregions with quiescent cells, which may be unaffected by cycle-dependent chemotherapeutics released from nanoparticles and thus regrow tumor tissue following nanotherapy. Furthermore, a large proportion of systemically injected nanoparticles may become sequestered by the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in overall diminished efficacy. We review recent work evaluating the uptake and distribution of gold nanoparticles in pre-clinical tumor models, with the goal to help improve nanotherapy outcomes. We also examine the potential role of novel layered gold nanoparticles designed to address some of these critical issues, assessing their uptake and transport in cancerous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G England
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - André M Gobin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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48
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Markt SC, Grotta A, Nyren O, Adami HO, Mucci LA, Valdimarsdottir UA, Stattin P, Bellocco R, Lagerros YT. Insufficient Sleep and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Swedish Cohort. Sleep 2015; 38:1405-10. [PMID: 26118562 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE There are some data to suggest that insufficient sleep, including short sleep duration and sleep disruption, may be associated with an increased risk of cancer. We investigated the association between sleep duration and sleep disruption and risk of prostate cancer. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14,041 men in the Swedish National March Cohort. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Habitual sleep duration and sleep disruption were self-reported in 1997. Prostate cancer diagnoses, including lethal (metastases at diagnosis or death from prostate cancer) and advanced (stage T4, N1, or M1 at diagnosis or death from prostate cancer), were determined from linkage to nationwide cancer registries through 2010. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for potential confounding variables. During 13 years of follow-up, we identified 785 cases of incident prostate cancer, including 118 lethal and 127 advanced cases. Four percent of men reported sleeping 5 h or less a night, and 2% reported sleeping 9 h or more per night. We found no association between sleep duration and risk of prostate cancer overall or for advanced/lethal disease. We also did not find an association between prostate cancer and sleep disruption, as defined by difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, sleep quality, and restorative power of sleep. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study from Sweden, we found no association between habitual sleep duration or sleep disruption and risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Markt
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alessandra Grotta
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Nyren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pär Stattin
- Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Simultaneous Hypoxia and Low Extracellular pH Suppress Overall Metabolic Rate and Protein Synthesis In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134955. [PMID: 26274822 PMCID: PMC4537201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment is characterized by regions of hypoxia and acidosis which are linked to poor prognosis. This occurs due to an aberrant vasculature as well as high rates of glycolysis and lactate production in tumor cells even in the presence of oxygen (the Warburg effect), which weakens the spatial linkage between hypoxia and acidosis. METHODS Five different human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SiHa, FaDuDD, UTSCC5, UTSCC14 and UTSCC15) were treated with hypoxia, acidosis (pH 6.3), or a combination, and gene expression analyzed using microarray. SiHa and FaDuDD were chosen for further characterization of cell energetics and protein synthesis. Total cellular ATP turnover and relative glycolytic dependency was determined by simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption and lactate synthesis rates and total protein synthesis was determined by autoradiographic quantification of the incorporation of 35S-labelled methionine and cysteine into protein. RESULTS Microarray analysis allowed differentiation between genes induced at low oxygen only at normal extracellular pH (pHe), genes induced at low oxygen at both normal and low pHe, and genes induced at low pHe independent of oxygen concentration. Several genes were found to be upregulated by acidosis independent of oxygenation. Acidosis resulted in a more wide-scale change in gene expression profiles than hypoxia including upregulation of genes involved in the translation process, for example Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, isoform 2 (EIF4A2), and Ribosomal protein L37 (RPL37). Acidosis suppressed overall ATP turnover and protein synthesis by 50%. Protein synthesis, but not total ATP production, was also suppressed under hypoxic conditions. A dramatic decrease in ATP turnover (SiHa) and protein synthesis (both cell lines) was observed when hypoxia and low pHe were combined. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that the influence of hypoxia and acidosis causes different responses, both in gene expression and in de novo protein synthesis, depending on whether the two factors induced alone or overlapping, and as such it is important for in vivo studies to take this into account.
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50
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Harris RJ, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM, Prins RM, Antonios JP, Li D, Yong WH, Pope WB, Lai A, Nghiemphu PL, Ellingson BM. pH-weighted molecular imaging of gliomas using amine chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1514-24. [PMID: 26113557 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial tissue acidosis resulting from abnormal perfusion and metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. The current study demonstrates that chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI can be used as a noninvasive pH-weighted molecular imaging technique by targeting the chemical exchange between amine protons and protons in extracellular bulk water. METHODS First, the sensitivity of amine CEST was validated in phantoms under a variety of conditions, including different magnetic field strengths, amino acid concentrations, and pH values. Amine CEST was compared with histology in both a preclinical GL261 intracranial glioma model at 7T and human patients at 3T. The association between physiologic and pH-weighted MRI was explored, along with the ability to predict time to progression to radiochemotherapy in 20 glioblastoma patients. RESULTS z-Spectral asymmetry increased at 3 ppm (amine range) on CEST MRI with decreasing pH within the range observed in tumors for both 3T and 7T scanners. Lesions with acidic signatures showed active tumor and pseudopalisading tumor on histology and showed elevated FDOPA PET uptake, lactate on MR spectroscopy, and perfusion abnormalities. Patients with acidic lesions after surgery or stable/growing acidic lesions had a shorter time to progression following radiochemotherapy compared with patients with lesions demonstrating relatively low acidity (P < .001). CONCLUSION Results suggest pH-weighted MRI may provide new insight into brain tumor physiology beyond traditional imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Harris
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Joseph P Antonios
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Debiao Li
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences (R.J.H., W.B.P., B.M.E.), Department of Biomedical Physics (R.J.H., B.M.E.), Department of Neurology (T.F.C., A.L., P.L.N.), Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (L.M.L., R.M.P., J.P.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California (D.L.); Department of Bioengineering (D.L., B.M.E.), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (W.H.Y.)
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