1
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Benn KW, Yuan PH, Chong HK, Stylii SS, Luwor RB, French CR. hERG channel agonist NS1643 strongly inhibits invasive astrocytoma cell line SMA-560. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309438. [PMID: 39240809 PMCID: PMC11379238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly malignant brain tumours that remain refractory to treatment. Treatment is typically surgical intervention followed by concomitant temozolomide and radiotherapy; however patient prognosis remains poor. Voltage gated ion channels have emerged as novel targets in cancer therapy and inhibition of a potassium selective subtype (hERG, Kv11.1) has demonstrated antitumour activity. Unfortunately blockade of hERG has been limited by cardiotoxicity, however hERG channel agonists have produced similar chemotherapeutic benefit without significant side effects. In this study, electrophysiological recordings suggest the presence of hERG channels in the anaplastic astrocytoma cell line SMA-560, and treatment with the hERG channel agonist NS1643, resulted in a significant reduction in the proliferation of SMA-560 cells. In addition, NS1643 treatment also resulted in a reduction of the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and SMA-560 cell migration. When combined with temozolomide, an additive impact was observed, suggesting that NS1643 may be a suitable adjuvant to temozolomide and limit the invasiveness of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran W Benn
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick H Yuan
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harvey K Chong
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylii
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher R French
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Servati M, Vaccaro CN, Diller EE, Pellegrino Da Silva R, Mafra F, Cao S, Stanley KB, Cohen-Gadol AA, Parker JG. Metabolic Insight into Glioma Heterogeneity: Mapping Whole Exome Sequencing to In Vivo Imaging with Stereotactic Localization and Deep Learning. Metabolites 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38921472 PMCID: PMC11205750 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) complicates the diagnosis and treatment of glioma, partly due to the diverse metabolic profiles driven by underlying genomic alterations. While multiparametric imaging enhances the characterization of ITH by capturing both spatial and functional variations, it falls short in directly assessing the metabolic activities that underpin these phenotypic differences. This gap stems from the challenge of integrating easily accessible, colocated pathology and detailed genomic data with metabolic insights. This study presents a multifaceted approach combining stereotactic biopsy with standard clinical open-craniotomy for sample collection, voxel-wise analysis of MR images, regression-based GAM, and whole-exome sequencing. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of machine learning algorithms to predict variations in cellular and molecular tumor characteristics. This retrospective study enrolled ten treatment-naïve patients with radiologically confirmed glioma. Each patient underwent a multiparametric MR scan (T1W, T1W-CE, T2W, T2W-FLAIR, DWI) prior to surgery. During standard craniotomy, at least 1 stereotactic biopsy was collected from each patient, with screenshots of the sample locations saved for spatial registration to pre-surgical MR data. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on flash-frozen tumor samples, prioritizing the signatures of five glioma-related genes: IDH1, TP53, EGFR, PIK3CA, and NF1. Regression was implemented with a GAM using a univariate shape function for each predictor. Standard receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to evaluate detection, with AUC (area under curve) calculated for each gene target and MR contrast combination. Mean AUC for five gene targets and 31 MR contrast combinations was 0.75 ± 0.11; individual AUCs were as high as 0.96 for both IDH1 and TP53 with T2W-FLAIR and ADC, and 0.99 for EGFR with T2W and ADC. These results suggest the possibility of predicting exome-wide mutation events from noninvasive, in vivo imaging by combining stereotactic localization of glioma samples and a semi-parametric deep learning method. The genomic alterations identified, particularly in IDH1, TP53, EGFR, PIK3CA, and NF1, are known to play pivotal roles in metabolic pathways driving glioma heterogeneity. Our methodology, therefore, indirectly sheds light on the metabolic landscape of glioma through the lens of these critical genomic markers, suggesting a complex interplay between tumor genomics and metabolism. This approach holds potential for refining targeted therapy by better addressing the genomic heterogeneity of glioma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Servati
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 950 W. Walnut St., R2 E107, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA (J.G.P.)
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Courtney N. Vaccaro
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily E. Diller
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Sha Cao
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 950 W. Walnut St., R2 E107, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA (J.G.P.)
| | - Katherine B. Stanley
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 950 W. Walnut St., R2 E107, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA (J.G.P.)
| | - Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 950 W. Walnut St., R2 E107, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA (J.G.P.)
| | - Jason G. Parker
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 950 W. Walnut St., R2 E107, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA (J.G.P.)
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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3
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Natural and synthetic compounds for glioma treatment based on ROS-mediated strategy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175537. [PMID: 36871663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent and most malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS),accounting for about 50% of all CNS tumor and approximately 80% of the malignant primary tumors in the CNS. Patients with glioma benefit from surgical resection, chemo- and radio-therapy. However these therapeutical strategies do not significantly improve the prognosis, nor increase survival rates owing to restricted drug contribution in the CNS and to the malignant characteristics of glioma. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important oxygen-containing molecules that regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. When ROS accumulates to cytotoxic levels, this can lead to anti-tumor effects. Multiple chemicals used as therapeutic strategies are based on this mechanism. They regulate intracellular ROS levels directly or indirectly, resulting in the inability of glioma cells to adapt to the damage induced by these substances. In the current review, we summarize the natural products, synthetic compounds and interdisciplinary techniques used for the treatment of glioma. Their possible molecular mechanisms are also presented. Some of them are also used as sensitizers: they modulate ROS levels to improve the outcomes of chemo- and radio-therapy. In addition, we summarize some new targets upstream or downstream of ROS to provide ideas for developing new anti-glioma therapies.
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Park JA, Kim Y, Yang J, Choi BK, Katoch N, Park S, Hur YH, Kim JW, Kim HJ, Kim HC. Effects of Irradiation on Brain Tumors Using MR-Based Electrical Conductivity Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010022. [PMID: 36612018 PMCID: PMC9817812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation delivers sufficient energy inside the human body to create ions, which kills cancerous tissues either by damaging the DNA directly or by creating charged particles that can damage the DNA. Recent magnetic resonance (MR)-based conductivity imaging shows higher sensitivity than other MR techniques for evaluating the responses of normal tissues immediately after irradiation. However, it is still necessary to verify the responses of cancer tissues to irradiation by conductivity imaging for it to become a reliable tool in evaluating therapeutic effects in clinical practice. In this study, we applied MR-based conductivity imaging to mouse brain tumors to evaluate the responses in irradiated and non-irradiated tissues during the peri-irradiation period. Absolute conductivities of brain tissues were measured to quantify the irradiation effects, and the percentage changes were determined to estimate the degree of response. The conductivity of brain tissues with irradiation was higher than that without irradiation for all tissue types. The percentage changes of tumor tissues with irradiation were clearly different than those without irradiation. The measured conductivity and percentage changes between tumor rims and cores to irradiation were clearly distinguished. The contrast of the conductivity images following irradiation may reflect the response to the changes in cellularity and the amounts of electrolytes in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsung Kim
- Office of Strategic R&D Planning (MOTIE), Seoul 06152, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiung Yang
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Bup Kyung Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nitish Katoch
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Park
- Comprehensive Radiation Irradiation Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoe Hur
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61453, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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Hersh AM, Jallo GI, Shimony N. Surgical approaches to intramedullary spinal cord astrocytomas in the age of genomics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:982089. [PMID: 36147920 PMCID: PMC9485889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.982089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary astrocytomas represent approximately 30%–40% of all intramedullary tumors and are the most common intramedullary tumor in children. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment in symptomatic patients with neurological deficits. Gross total resection (GTR) can be difficult to achieve as astrocytomas frequently present as diffuse lesions that infiltrate the cord. Therefore, GTR carries a substantial risk of new post-operative deficits. Consequently, subtotal resection and biopsy are often the only surgical options attempted. A midline or paramedian sulcal myelotomy is frequently used for surgical resection, although a dorsal root entry zone myelotomy can be used for lateral tumors. Intra-operative neuromonitoring using D-wave integrity, somatosensory, and motor evoked potentials is critical to facilitating a safe resection. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, such as temozolomide, are often administered for high-grade recurrent or progressive lesions; however, consensus is lacking on their efficacy. Biopsied tumors can be analyzed for molecular markers that inform clinicians about the tumor’s prognosis and response to conventional as well as targeted therapeutic treatments. Stratification of intramedullary tumors is increasingly based on molecular features and mutational status. The landscape of genetic and epigenetic mutations in intramedullary astrocytomas is not equivalent to their intracranial counterparts, with important difference in frequency and type of mutations. Therefore, dedicated attention is needed to cohorts of patients with intramedullary tumors. Targeted therapeutic agents can be designed and administered to patients based on their mutational status, which may be used in coordination with traditional surgical resection to improve overall survival and functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - George I. Jallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Institute for Brain Protection Sciences, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: George I. Jallo,
| | - Nir Shimony
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Le Bonheur Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Yuan HC, Xu LX, Wang NH, Leng HB, Que SW. (S)-(–)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide Inhibits Neuroglioma Cell Growth Through Inducing Apoptosis. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Radiomics-Based Method for Predicting the Glioma Subtype as Defined by Tumor Grade, IDH Mutation, and 1p/19q Codeletion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071778. [PMID: 35406550 PMCID: PMC8997070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most common types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. A prompt diagnosis of the glioma subtype is crucial to estimate the prognosis and personalize the treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to develop a radiomics pipeline based on the clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans to noninvasively predict the glioma subtype, as defined based on the tumor grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, and 1p/19q codeletion status. A total of 212 patients from the public retrospective The Cancer Genome Atlas Low Grade Glioma (TCGA-LGG) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) datasets were used for the experiments and analyses. Different settings in the radiomics pipeline were investigated to improve the classification, including the Z-score normalization, the feature extraction strategy, the image filter applied to the MRI images, the introduction of clinical information, ComBat harmonization, the classifier chain strategy, etc. Based on numerous experiments, we finally reached an optimal pipeline for classifying the glioma tumors. We then tested this final radiomics pipeline on the hold-out test data with 51 randomly sampled random seeds for reliable and robust conclusions. The results showed that, after tuning the radiomics pipeline, the mean AUC improved from 0.8935 (±0.0351) to 0.9319 (±0.0386), from 0.8676 (±0.0421) to 0.9283 (±0.0333), and from 0.6473 (±0.1074) to 0.8196 (±0.0702) in the test data for predicting the tumor grade, IDH mutation, and 1p/19q codeletion status, respectively. The mean accuracy for predicting the five glioma subtypes also improved from 0.5772 (±0.0816) to 0.6716 (±0.0655). Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of the radiomic features that best distinguished the glioma grade, the IDH mutation, and the 1p/19q codeletion status, respectively. Apart from the promising prediction of the glioma subtype, this study also provides a better understanding of the radiomics model development and interpretability. The results in this paper are replicable with our python codes publicly available in github.
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8
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Jia H, Xie T. Tracers progress for positron emission tomography imaging of glial-related disease. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:321-335. [PMID: 36131689 PMCID: PMC9548440 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells play an essential part in the neuron system. They can not only serve as structural blocks in the human brain but also participate in many biological processes. Extensive studies have shown that astrocytes and microglia play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, as well as glioma, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and infections. Positron emission tomography is a functional imaging technique providing molecular-level information before anatomic changes are visible and has been widely used in many above-mentioned diseases. In this review, we focus on the positron emission tomography tracers used in pathologies related to glial cells, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianwu Xie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Tianwu Xie, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel: +86-21-64048363, E-mail:
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9
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de Oliveira BM, Teodoro JBM, Ambrósio JAR, Gonçalves EP, Beltrame M, Cortez Marcolino LM, Pinto JG, Ferreira-Strixino J, Simioni AR. Zinc pthalocyanine loaded poly (lactic acid) nanoparticles by double emulsion methodology for photodynamic therapy against 9 L/LacZ gliosarcoma cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 33:93-109. [PMID: 34517784 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1980359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Development delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, represent a growing area in biomedical research. Nanoparticles (NP) were prepared using a double-emulsion method to load zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc). NP were obtained using poly (lactic acid) (PLA). ZnPc is a second generation of photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). ZnPc loaded PLA nanoparticles (NPLA-ZnPc) were prepared by double-emulsion method, characterized and available in cellular culture. The mean nanoparticle size presented particle size was 384.7 ± 84.2 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.150 ± 0.015, and the encapsulation efficiency was of 83%. The nanoparticle formulations presented negative zeta potential values (-27.5 ± 1.0 mV), explaining their colloidal stability. ZnPc loaded nanoparticles maintain its photophysical behavior after encapsulation. Photosensitizer release from nanoparticles was sustained over 168 h with a biphasic ZnPc release profile. An in vitro phototoxic effect in range of 80% was observed in 9 L/LacZ gliosarcoma cells at laser light doses (10 J cm-2) with 3.0 µg mL-1 of NPLA-ZnPc. All the physical-chemical, photophysical and photobiological measurements performed allow us to conclude that ZnPc loaded PLGA nanoparticles is a promising drug delivery system for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito Marcio de Oliveira
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Beatriz Miranda Teodoro
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Peterson Gonçalves
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Milton Beltrame
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Cortez Marcolino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra Pinto
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira-Strixino
- Laboratory of Photobiology Applied to Health, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Andreza Ribeiro Simioni
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Harmine Augments the Cytotoxic and Anti-invasive Potential of Temozolomide Against Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered the deadliest human cancer. Temozolomide is now a part of postresection standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to temozolomide is a major obstacle to treatment success. Combination therapy with natural anticancer agents increases the activity of temozolomide against cancer cells. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of temozolomide in combination with harmine against GBM cells. Methods: Cancer cells were treated with temozolomide and/or harmine. After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, the viability of the cells was assessed by the MTT test. The combination index and dose reduction index were determined by CompuSyn software. Tumor invasion potential was investigated by evaluating cell migration, invasion, and adhesion. The real-time PCR technique was done to study the expression pattern of two genes involved in cancer cell invasion. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test, and differences were considered non-significant at P > 0.05. Results: After treatment with temozolomide, cell viability showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease, and the cells’ survival rate decreased. The combination of temozolomide and harmine had a synergistic effect. Also, temozolomide and/or harmine treatment decreased cancer cells’ migration, invasion, and adhesion potentials, as well as the expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in T98G cells. Conclusions: The combination of temozolomide and harmine can be promising for the successful treatment of GBM.
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Medeiros M, Candido MF, Valera ET, Brassesco MS. The multifaceted NF-kB: are there still prospects of its inhibition for clinical intervention in pediatric central nervous system tumors? Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6161-6200. [PMID: 34333711 PMCID: PMC11072991 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the basic biology and pathogenesis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, patients still have an extremely unfavorable prognosis. Over the years, a plethora of natural and synthetic compounds has emerged for the pharmacologic intervention of the NF-kB pathway, one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling cascades in human cancer with key roles in cell growth, survival, and therapy resistance. Here, we provide a review about the state-of-the-art concerning the dysregulation of this hub transcription factor in the most prevalent pediatric CNS tumors: glioma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma. Moreover, we compile the available literature on the anti-proliferative effects of varied NF-kB inhibitors acting alone or in combination with other therapies in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. As the wealth of basic research data continues to accumulate, recognizing NF-kB as a therapeutic target may provide important insights to treat these diseases, hopefully contributing to increase cure rates and lower side effects related to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferreira Candido
- Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, FFCLRP-USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
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12
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José‐López R, Gutierrez‐Quintana R, de la Fuente C, Manzanilla EG, Suñol A, Pi Castro D, Añor S, Sánchez‐Masian D, Fernández‐Flores F, Ricci E, Marioni‐Henry K, Mascort J, Matiasek LA, Matiasek K, Brennan PM, Pumarola M. Clinical features, diagnosis, and survival analysis of dogs with glioma. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1902-1917. [PMID: 34117807 PMCID: PMC8295679 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas in dogs remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging features and survival of a large sample of dogs with glioma using the Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium diagnostic classification. ANIMALS Ninety-one dogs with histopathological diagnosis of glioma. METHODS Multicentric retrospective case series. Signalment, clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging characteristics, treatment, and outcome were used. Tumors were reclassified according to the new canine glioma diagnostic scheme. RESULTS No associations were found between clinicopathologic findings or survival and tumor type or grade. However, definitive treatments provided significantly (P = .03) improved median survival time (84 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 45-190) compared to palliative treatment (26 days; 95% CI, 11-54). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), oligodendrogliomas were associated with smooth margins and T1-weighted hypointensity compared to astrocytomas (odds ratio [OR], 42.5; 95% CI, 2.42-744.97; P = .04; OR, 45.5; 95% CI, 5.78-333.33; P < .001, respectively) and undefined gliomas (OR, 84; 95% CI, 3.43-999.99; P = .02; OR, 32.3; 95% CI, 2.51-500.00; P = .008, respectively) and were more commonly in contact with the ventricles than astrocytomas (OR, 7.47; 95% CI, 1.03-53.95; P = .049). Tumor spread to neighboring brain structures was associated with high-grade glioma (OR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.06-34.48; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with gliomas have poor outcomes, but risk factors identified in survival analysis inform prognosis and the newly identified MRI characteristics could refine diagnosis of tumor type and grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José‐López
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Cristian de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Edgar G. Manzanilla
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College DublinDublinIreland
- TEAGASC, The Irish Food and Agriculture AuthorityCorkIreland
| | - Anna Suñol
- ARS VeterinariaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Dolors Pi Castro
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN), Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Anicura Arvivet Hospital VeterinariBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sonia Añor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Daniel Sánchez‐Masian
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
- Present address:
Anderson Moores Veterinary SpecialistsWinchesterUK
| | | | - Emanuele Ricci
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Katia Marioni‐Henry
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Lara A. Matiasek
- Tierklinik HaarHaarGermany
- Present address:
Anicura Small Animal ClinicBabenhausenGermany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitaetMunichGermany
| | - Paul M. Brennan
- Translational Neurosurgery, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Martí Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary FacultyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN), Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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13
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Zhang J, Li Y, Liu Y, Xu G, Hei Y, Lu X, Liu W. Long non‑coding RNA NEAT1 regulates glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis by competitively binding to microRNA‑324‑5p and upregulating KCTD20 expression. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:125. [PMID: 33982764 PMCID: PMC8129970 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a key role in the development and progression of several types of cancer, including glioma. The lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) contributes to cancer growth through its effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms via which NEAT1 acts in glioma are unclear. In the present study, the expression levels and function of NEAT1 in glioma tissues and cell lines were examined in vitro and in vivo. By reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, NEAT1 expression was upregulated in glioma tissues compared with in adjacent normal brain tissues, and elevated NEAT1 levels were associated with poor prognosis. Cell Counting Kit‑8, colony formation, ethynyldeoxyuridine, flow cytometry and western blotting assays were performed to detect the effects of NEAT1 on cell biological behavior. Knockdown of NEAT1 in glioma cell lines was associated with cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, decreased proliferation and elevated apoptosis in vitro, and resulted in reduced tumor growth and increased survival in a mouse xenograft model of glioma. Using bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation experiments and luciferase reporter assays, it was demonstrated that NEAT1 may competitively bind to microRNA (miR)‑324‑5p, thus blocking its interaction with target mRNAs. Potassium channel tetramerization protein domain containing 20 (KCTD20) was identified as a specific miR‑324‑5p target. Accordingly, the inhibition of NEAT1 resulted in the downregulation of KCTD20 through competitive binding with miR‑324‑5p, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Concomitant NEAT1 knockdown and inhibition of miR‑324‑5p partially reversed the effects of NEAT1 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis, and further regulated KCTD20 expression. Collectively, the present findings demonstrated that NEAT1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‑324‑5p, and identified the NEAT1/miR‑324‑5p/KCTD20 axis as a novel regulatory axis and a potential therapeutic target for human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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14
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Rahnama S, Bakhshinejad B, Farzam F, Bitaraf A, Ghazimoradi MH, Babashah S. Identification of dysregulated competing endogenous RNA networks in glioblastoma: A way toward improved therapeutic opportunities. Life Sci 2021; 277:119488. [PMID: 33862117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is recognized as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Although there have been considerable advancements in understanding the causative molecular mechanisms of this malignancy, effective therapeutic strategies are still in limited use. It has been revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in glioblastoma development, while interactions between the regulatory molecules such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), transcribed pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs) remain to be fully deciphered. Over the recent years, researchers have discovered a new category of RNA molecules called competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). This kind of RNA can contribute to molecular interactions in the form of ceRNA networks (ceRNETs). Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that dysregulation of various ceRNA networks is involved in glioblastoma development. Therefore, gaining insights into these dysregulations might offer potential for the early diagnosis of glioblastoma patients and identification of efficient therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on ceRNA networks and the involvement of dysregulated networks in posing limitations to temozolomide therapy. We also describe signaling pathways relevant to the progression of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Rahnama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Farzam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Hu J, Liu T, Han B, Tan S, Guo H, Xin Y. Immunotherapy: A Potential Approach for High-Grade Spinal Cord Astrocytomas. Front Immunol 2021; 11:582828. [PMID: 33679686 PMCID: PMC7930372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord astrocytomas (SCAs) account for 6–8% of all primary spinal cord tumors. For high-grade SCAs, the prognosis is often poor with conventional therapy, thus the urgent need for novel treatments to improve patient survival. Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy and has been used to treat cancer in recent years. Several clinical trials have evaluated immunotherapy for intracranial gliomas, providing evidence for immunotherapy-mediated ability to inhibit tumor growth. Given the unique microenvironment and molecular biology of the spinal cord, this review will offer new perspectives on moving toward the application of successful immunotherapy for SCAs based on the latest studies and literature. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges associated with immunotherapy in SCAs, propose prospects for future research, and provide a periodic summary of the current state of immunotherapy for SCAs immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shishan Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Özcan H, Emiroğlu BG, Sabuncuoğlu H, Özdoğan S, Soyer A, Saygı T. A comparative study for glioma classification using deep convolutional neural networks. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1550-1572. [PMID: 33757198 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a type of central nervous system (CNS) tumor that accounts for the most of malignant brain tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) divides gliomas into four grades based on the degree of malignancy. Gliomas of grades I-II are considered low-grade gliomas (LGGs), whereas gliomas of grades III-IV are termed high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Accurate classification of HGGs and LGGs prior to malignant transformation plays a crucial role in treatment planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the cornerstone for glioma diagnosis. However, examination of MRI data is a time-consuming process and error prone due to human intervention. In this study we introduced a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning model trained from scratch and compared the performance with pretrained AlexNet, GoogLeNet and SqueezeNet through transfer learning for an effective glioma grade prediction. We trained and tested the models based on pathology-proven 104 clinical cases with glioma (50 LGGs, 54 HGGs). A combination of data augmentation techniques was used to expand the training data. Five-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate the performance of each model. We compared the models in terms of averaged values of sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). According to the experimental results, our custom-design deep CNN model achieved comparable or even better performance than the pretrained models. Sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy and AUC values of the custom model were 0.980, 0.963, 0.970, 0.971 and 0.989, respectively. GoogLeNet showed better performance than AlexNet and SqueezeNet in terms of accuracy and AUC with a sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values of 0.980, 0.889, 0.933, 0.933, and 0.987, respectively. AlexNet yielded a sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values of 0.940, 0.907, 0.922, 0.923 and 0.970, respectively. As for SqueezeNet, the sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values were 0.920, 0.870, 0.893, 0.894, and 0.975, respectively. The results have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed custom model in classifying gliomas into LGG and HGG. The findings suggest that the deep CNNs and transfer learning approaches can be very useful to solve classification problems in the medical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Özcan
- Department of Computer Technology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ahmet Soyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Saygı
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern in relation to glioma: A case-control study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:313-319. [PMID: 32507514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Mediterranean diet (MD) was associated with a lower risk of mortality and cancer, no data are available investigating the association between adherence to the MD and risk of glioma. METHODS In this case-control study, we enrolled a total of 128 newly diagnosed patients with glioma, confirmed by pathological assessment, and 256 hospital-based controls from 2009 to 2011 in Tehran, Iran. A valid and reliable Block-format food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intakes. Adherence to the MD was examined using the scoring method suggested by Trichopoulou et al. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of interest. RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, and energy intake, participants in the highest tertile of MD score had not significantly lower odds of glioma than those in the lowest tertile (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.32-1.03, Ptrend = 0.06). However, after taking other potential confounders into account, individuals with the greatest adherence to the MD score were 74% less likely to have glioma than those with the lowest adherence (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.55, Ptrend < 0.001). Additional adjustments for dietary intakes and BMI did not significantly alter this association (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.78, Ptrend = 0.009; OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.78, Ptrend = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION We found that adherence to the MD was associated with a lower likelihood of having glioma. Prospective cohort studies are needed to further examine these findings.
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18
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Delbaz A, Chen M, Jen FEC, Schulz BL, Gorse AD, Jennings MP, St John JA, Ekberg JAK. Neisseria meningitidis Induces Pathology-Associated Cellular and Molecular Changes in Trigeminal Schwann Cells. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00955-19. [PMID: 31964742 PMCID: PMC7093114 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00955-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis, a common cause of sepsis and bacterial meningitis, infects the meninges and central nervous system (CNS), primarily via paracellular traversal across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. N. meningitidis is often present asymptomatically in the nasopharynx, and the nerves extending between the nasal cavity and the brain constitute an alternative route by which the meningococci may reach the CNS. To date, the cellular mechanisms involved in nerve infection are not fully understood. Peripheral nerve glial cells are phagocytic and are capable of eliminating microorganisms, but some pathogens may be able to overcome this protection mechanism and instead infect the glia, causing cell death or pathology. Here, we show that N. meningitidis readily infects trigeminal Schwann cells (the glial cells of the trigeminal nerve) in vitro in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell cultures. Infection of trigeminal Schwann cells may be one mechanism by which N. meningitidis is able to invade the CNS. Infection of the cells led to multinucleation and the appearance of atypical nuclei, with the presence of horseshoe nuclei and the budding of nuclei increasing over time. Using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics followed by bioinformatics pathway analysis, we showed that N. meningitidis induced protein alterations in the glia that were associated with altered intercellular signaling, cell-cell interactions, and cellular movement. The analysis also suggested that the alterations in protein levels were consistent with changes occurring in cancer. Thus, infection of the trigeminal nerve by N. meningitidis may have ongoing adverse effects on the biology of Schwann cells, which may lead to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Delbaz
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Freda E-C Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alain-Dominique Gorse
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - James A St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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19
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Taylor OG, Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. Glioblastoma Multiforme: An Overview of Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:963. [PMID: 31616641 PMCID: PMC6775189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in humans and has a very poor prognosis. The existing treatments have had limited success in increasing overall survival. Thus, identifying and understanding the key molecule(s) responsible for the malignant phenotype of GBM will yield new potential therapeutic targets. The treatment of brain tumours faces unique challenges, including the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB), which limits the concentration of drugs that can reach the site of the tumour. Nevertheless, several promising treatments have been shown to cross the BBB and have shown promising pre-clinical results. This review will outline the status of several of these promising targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua S Brzozowski
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance and Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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20
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Konovalov NA, Asyutin DS, Shayhaev EG, Kaprovoy SV, Timonin SY. Molecular Biomarkers of Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytomas. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:17-27. [PMID: 31413876 PMCID: PMC6643348 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-2-17-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord astrocytomas are rare diseases of the central nervous system. The localization of these tumors and their infiltrative growth complicate their surgical resection, increase the risk of postoperative complications, and require more careful use of radio- and chemotherapy. The information on the genetic mutations associated with the onset and development of astrocytomas provides a more accurate neoplasm diagnosis and classification. In some cases, it also allows one to determine the optimal methods for treating the neoplasm, as well as to predict the treatment outcomes and the risks of relapse. To date, a number of molecular markers that are associated with brain astrocytomas and possess prognostic value have been identified and described. Due to the significantly lower incidence of spinal cord astrocytomas, the data on similar markers are much more sparse and are presented with a lesser degree of systematization. However, due to the retrospective studies of clinical material that have been actively conducted abroad in recent years, the formation of statistically significant genetic landscapes for various types of tumors, including intradural spinal cord tumors, has begun. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to analyze and systematize the information on the most significant genetic mutations associated with various types of astrocytomas, as well as discuss the prospects for using the corresponding molecular markers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Konovalov
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - D. S. Asyutin
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - E. G. Shayhaev
- FGBU Russian Research Center for X-ray Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Profsouznaya Str. 86, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - S. V. Kaprovoy
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - S. Yu. Timonin
- National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Acad. N.N. Burdenko, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, Moscow, 125047, Russia
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21
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Sincevičiūtė R, Vaitkienė P, Urbanavičiūtė R, Steponaitis G, Tamašauskas A, Skiriutė D. MMP2 is associated with glioma malignancy and patient outcome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3010-3018. [PMID: 31938426 PMCID: PMC6958083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are fast growing and usually manifest in an aggressive infiltrative model. MMP2 overexpression is associated with brain tumor malignancy and metastasis formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MMP2 on glioma formation and clinical outcomes by performing analysis at the DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Methylation status and mRNA level were evaluated in 162 samples; the MMP2 protein level was analyzed in 28 patient preoperative and postoperative blood samples using protein microarray analysis and conventional ELISA. The MMP2 MSP analysis revealed a gradually increasing gene promoter demethylation frequency, and the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the methylated gene promoter is related to longer overall survival (Log-rank test X 2 = 12.508, df = 1, P < 0.0001). Relative mRNA expression was significantly downregulated when the promoter was methylated. Pairwise comparison analysis showed statistically significant (Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.05) differences in the MMP2 expression median when comparing different glioma grades. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that low MMP2 expression was associated with better survival (Log-rank test X 2 = 7.732, df = 1, P = 0.005). At the protein level, MMP2 expression in patient sera showed no differences between malignancy grades and patient preoperative and postoperative states, while the ELISA assay showed the tendency of accumulating MMP2 protein in higher malignancy patient sera samples. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the tendency of having a shorter survival time with a higher MMP2 protein level in patient sera. MMP2 has a significant role in glioma pathogenesis and could be used as a potential molecular marker for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rūta Sincevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Vaitkienė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Urbanavičiūtė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedrius Steponaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamašauskas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daina Skiriutė
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
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22
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Zhao J, Li JB, Wang JY, Wang YL, Liu DW, Li XB, Song YK, Tian YS, Yan X, Li ZH, He SF, Huang XL, Jiang L, Yang ZY, Chu JP. Quantitative analysis of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in grading gliomas and detecting IDH-1 gene mutation status. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:174-181. [PMID: 30023167 PMCID: PMC6050458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a new diffusion MRI technique that has rarely been applied for glioma grading. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of NODDI in tumour parenchyma (TP) and peritumoural area (PT) for grading gliomas and detecting isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) mutation status. Methods Forty-two patients (male: 23, female: 19, mean age: 44.5 y) were recruited and underwent whole brain NODDI examination. Intracellular volume fraction (icvf) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) maps were derived. Three ROIs were manually placed on TP and PT regions for each case. The corresponding average values of icvf and ODI were calculated, and their diagnostic efficiency was assessed. Results Tumours with high icvfTP (≥0.306) and low icvfPT (≤0.331) were more likely to be high-grade gliomas (HGGs), while lesions with low icvfTP (<0.306) and high icvfPT (>0.331) were prone to be low-grade gliomas (LGGs) (P < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model including patient age and icvf values in TP and PT regions most accurately predicted glioma grade (AUC = 0.92, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 89%, respectively. However, no significant differences were found in NODDI metrics for differentiating IDH-1 mutation status. Conclusions The quantitative NODDI metrics in the TP and PT regions are highly valuable for glioma grading. A multivariate logistic regression model using the patient age and the icvf values in TP and PT regions showed very high predictive power. However, the utility of NODDI metrics for detecting IDH-1 mutation status has not been fully explored, as a larger sample size may be necessary to uncover benefits. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a new diffusion MRI technique Quantitative NOODI metrics in TP and PT area could help grading gliomas Age, icvf in TP and PT area were significantly associated with glioma grading The utility of NODDI in detecting IDH-1 mutation status has not been fully explored
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ji-Bin Li
- Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651, Dong Feng Dong Lu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jing-Yan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Da-Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xin-Bei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yu-Kun Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yi-Su Tian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xu Yan
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare 278, Zhou Zhu Road, Nanhui, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhu-Hao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shao-Fu He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Long Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 33, Ying Feng Lu Road, Hai Zhu district, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510235, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58, The Second Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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23
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Eom H, Kaushik N, Yoo KC, Shim JK, Kwon M, Choi MY, Yoon T, Kang SG, Lee SJ. MerTK mediates STAT3-KRAS/SRC-signaling axis for glioma stem cell maintenance. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:87-95. [PMID: 29553850 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1452022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase Mer (MerTK) has been shown to be highly expressed in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in comparison to its healthy counterpart and is implicated in brain tumorigenesis. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of MerTK induced invasiveness would result in novel strategies to improve patient's response to chemotherapeutics. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to examine the functional role of cancer stem sell (CSC) maintenance in MerTK associated invasiveness. In this article, we demonstrate that apart from GBM cells, MerTK is also upregulated in GBM stem-like cells and associated with an increased infiltrative potential of brain tumors in vivo. Silencing of MerTK suppressed the self-renewal of patient-derived GBM stem-like cells. The signaling mechanisms by which MerTK contributes to CSC maintenance have largely been obscure. Molecular analyses revealed that high expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)- Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC axis supports MerTK-induced CSC maintenance in GBM spheroids. Furthermore, a short-hairpin RNA-mediated MerTK knockdown effectively blocked invasiveness and N-cadherin expression in mouse xenografts. Collectively, our results uncover a critical function of MerTK in CSC maintenance. Considering the low basal level of MerTK expression in healthy brain cells, evaluation of MerTK as a therapeutic target should advance the research into better therapeutics for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Eom
- a Department of Life Science , Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- a Department of Life Science , Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- a Department of Life Science , Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Severance Hospital, College of medicine, Yonsei University , Seodaemun-gu , Korea
| | - Munjin Kwon
- c Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories , Dong-A Socio Holdings R & D Center , Seoul , Korea
| | - Mi-Young Choi
- a Department of Life Science , Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Yoon
- c Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories , Dong-A Socio Holdings R & D Center , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- b Department of Neurosurgery , Severance Hospital, College of medicine, Yonsei University , Seodaemun-gu , Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- a Department of Life Science , Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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24
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Induction of apoptosis in human glioma cell lines of various grades through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase activation by Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed root extract. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 445:89-97. [PMID: 29238899 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study is the first investigation of the inhibitory effect of Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed roots (TR) extract on the proliferation of grade II and III human glioma cells. TR extract showed the cytotoxic effect and inhibited the colony formation of both glioma cell lines in dose-dependent manner. The root extract induced apoptosis by increasing of the reactive oxygen species (about threefold compared to the control cells) leading to a disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, the mRNA levels of the apoptotic factors such as Bax, Tp53, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were observed to increase. These results indicate that the TR extract possesses anticancer activity by inhibiting glioma cell proliferation and inducing apoptotic cell death, and may be used as a promising anticancer agent.
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25
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Niittykoski M, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Martikainen M, Rauramaa T, Immonen A, Koponen S, Leinonen V, Vähä-Koskela M, Zhang Q, Kühnel F, Mei YF, Ylä-Herttuala S, Jääskeläinen JE, Hinkkanen A. Immunohistochemical Characterization and Sensitivity to Human Adenovirus Serotypes 3, 5, and 11p of New Cell Lines Derived from Human Diffuse Grade II to IV Gliomas. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:772-779. [PMID: 28797937 PMCID: PMC5610111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic adenoviruses show promise in targeting gliomas because they do not replicate in normal brain cells. However, clinical responses occur only in a subset of patients. One explanation could be the heterogenic expression level of virus receptors. Another contributing factor could be variable activity of tumor antiviral defenses in different glioma subtypes. METHODS We established a collection of primary low-passage cell lines from different glioma subtypes (3 glioblastomas, 3 oligoastrocytomas, and 2 oligodendrogliomas) and assessed them for receptor expression and sensitivity to human adenovirus (HAd) serotypes 3, 5, and 11p. To gauge the impact of antiviral defenses, we also compared the infectivity of the oncolytic adenoviruses in interferon (IFN)-pretreated cells with IFN-sensitive Semliki Forest virus (SFV). RESULTS Immunostaining revealed generally low expression of HAd5 receptor CAR in both primary tumors and derived cell lines. HAd11p receptor CD46 levels were maintained at moderate levels in both primary tumor samples and derived cell lines. HAd3 receptor DSG-2 was reduced in the cell lines compared to the tumors. Yet, at equal multiplicities of infection, the oncolytic potency of HAd5 in vitro in tumor-derived cells was comparable to HAd11p, whereas HAd3 lysed fewer cells than either of the other two HAd serotypes in 72 hours. IFN blocked replication of SFV, while HAds were rather unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus receptor levels on glioma-derived cell lines did not correlate with infection efficacy and may not be a relevant indicator of clinical oncolytic potency. Adenovirus receptor analysis should be preferentially performed on biopsies obtained perioperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Niittykoski
- Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mikael von Und Zu Fraunberg
- NeuroCenter of Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Miika Martikainen
- Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Arto Immonen
- NeuroCenter of Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Ville Leinonen
- NeuroCenter of Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ya-Fang Mei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Juha E Jääskeläinen
- NeuroCenter of Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ari Hinkkanen
- Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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26
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Song F, Yu X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Meng X, Yu J. Pseudolaric acid B inhibits neuroglioma cell proliferation through DNA damage response. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2211-2218. [PMID: 28765951 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuroglioma is one of the most common malignant intracranial tumors in neurosurgery, and accounts for more than 50% of all brain cancer cases. Thus, a clinically effective drug with which to treat neuroglioma is urgently required. Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a diterpene acid isolated from the root and trunk bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (Pinaceae), was found to inhibit cell growth in a variety of cancer cell lines, but to date the effect of PAB on neuroglioma remains unclear. MTT analysis confirmed that PAB inhibited neuroglioma A172 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, PAB influenced the aggregation of tubulin in A172 cells. Meanwhile following PAB treatment, a higher percentage of cells accumulated in the G2/M phase from 12 to 48 h, while at 36 h, cell cycle slippage into the G0/G1 phase, and at 48 h, slippage into the S phase was observed using flow cytometric analysis. Corresponding protein expression was consistent with the cell cycle alteration as detected by western blotting, and it was speculated that cell cycle slippage was related to reduced effectiveness of PAB which warrants further investigation. Meanwhile PAB induced cell death by regulating p38, ERK and JNK expression and activating the DNA damage response. Therefore, PAB plays an antitumor role in A172 cells, and may be a candidate drug for neuroglioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Song
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Zengyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chemistry of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Meng
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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27
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Soon BH, Abdul Murad NA, Then SM, Abu Bakar A, Fadzil F, Thanabalan J, Mohd Haspani MS, Toh CJ, Mohd Tamil A, Harun R, Wan Ngah WZ, Jamal R. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Grade II and III Glioma Cell Lines Are Associated with Significant Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Higher Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2017; 8:231. [PMID: 28484394 PMCID: PMC5399085 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in tumorigenesis has regained much attention as it could dysregulate cellular energetics, oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, the role of mitochondria in different grade gliomasis still unknown. This study aimed to identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variations that could possibly affect the mitochondrial functions and also the oxidative stress status. Three different grades of human glioma cell lines and a normal human astrocyte cell line were cultured in-vitro and tested for oxidative stress biomarkers. Relative oxidative stress level, mitochondria activity, and mitochondrial mass were determined by live cell imaging with confocal laser scanning microscope using CM-H2DCFDA, MitoTracker Green, and MitoTracker Orange stains. The entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced using the AffymetrixGeneChip Human Mitochondrial Resequencing Array 2.0. The mitochondrial sequence variations were subjected to phylogenetic haplogroup assessment and pathogenicity of the mutations were predicted using pMUT and PolyPhen2. The Grade II astrocytoma cells showed increased oxidative stress wherea high level of 8-OHdG and oxidative stress indicator were observed. Simultaneously, Grade II and III glioma cells showed relatively poor mitochondria functions and increased number of mutations in the coding region of the mtDNA which could be due to high levels of oxidative stress in these cells. These non-synonymous mtDNA sequence variations were predicted to be pathogenic and could possibly lead to protein dysfunction, leading to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) impairment, mitochondria dysfunction and could create a vicious cycle of oxidative stress. The Grade IV cells had no missense mutation but preserved intact mitochondria and excellent antioxidant defense mechanisms thus ensuring better survival. In conclusion, Grade II and III glioma cells demonstrated coding region mtDNA mutations, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and higher oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Hong Soon
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azian Abdul Murad
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sue-Mian Then
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The University of Nottingham Malaysia CampusSemenyih, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Abu Bakar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizal Fadzil
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jegan Thanabalan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Charng Jeng Toh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohd Tamil
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Harun
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Z Wan Ngah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Cloughesy T, Finocchiaro G, Belda-Iniesta C, Recht L, Brandes AA, Pineda E, Mikkelsen T, Chinot OL, Balana C, Macdonald DR, Westphal M, Hopkins K, Weller M, Bais C, Sandmann T, Bruey JM, Koeppen H, Liu B, Verret W, Phan SC, Shames DS. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Phase II Study of Onartuzumab Plus Bevacizumab Versus Placebo Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma: Efficacy, Safety, and Hepatocyte Growth Factor and O6-Methylguanine–DNA Methyltransferase Biomarker Analyses. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:343-351. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bevacizumab regimens are approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma in many countries. Aberrant mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) expression has been reported in glioblastoma and may contribute to bevacizumab resistance. The phase II study GO27819 investigated the monovalent MET inhibitor onartuzumab plus bevacizumab (Ona + Bev) versus placebo plus bevacizumab (Pla + Bev) in recurrent glioblastoma. Methods At first recurrence after chemoradiation, bevacizumab-naïve patients with glioblastoma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive Ona (15 mg/kg, once every 3 weeks) + Bev (15 mg/kg, once every 3 weeks) or Pla + Bev until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival by response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria. Secondary end points were overall survival, objective response rate, duration of response, and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses correlated efficacy with expression levels of MET ligand hepatocyte growth factor, O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, and glioblastoma subtype. Results Among 129 patients enrolled (Ona + Bev, n = 64; Pla + Bev, n = 65), baseline characteristics were balanced. The median progression-free survival was 3.9 months for Ona + Bev versus 2.9 months for Pla + Bev (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.56; P = .7444). The median overall survival was 8.8 months for Ona + Bev and 12.6 months for Pla + Bev (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.37; P = .1389). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events were reported in 38.5% of patients who received Ona + Bev and 35.9% of patients who received Pla + Bev. Exploratory biomarker analyses suggested that patients with high expression of hepatocyte growth factor or unmethylated O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase may benefit from Ona + Bev. Conclusion There was no evidence of further clinical benefit with the addition of onartuzumab to bevacizumab compared with bevacizumab plus placebo in unselected patients with recurrent glioblastoma in this phase II study; however, further investigation into biomarker subgroups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cloughesy
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Cristóbal Belda-Iniesta
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Alba A. Brandes
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Estela Pineda
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Tom Mikkelsen
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Olivier L. Chinot
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Carmen Balana
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - David R. Macdonald
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Kirsten Hopkins
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Michael Weller
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Carlos Bais
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Thomas Sandmann
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Jean-Marie Bruey
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Hartmut Koeppen
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Bo Liu
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - Wendy Verret
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - See-Chun Phan
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
| | - David S. Shames
- Timothy Cloughesy, University of California, Los Angeles; Lawrence Recht, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford; Carlos Bais, Thomas Sandmann, Jean-Marie Bruey, Hartmut Koeppen, Bo Liu, Wendy Verret, See-Chun Phan, and David S. Shames, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; Tom Mikkelsen, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI; Gaetano Finocchiaro, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan; Alba A. Brandes, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Institute of Neurologic
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Lou M, Zhang LN, Ji PG, Feng FQ, Liu JH, Yang C, Li BF, Wang L. Quercetin nanoparticles induced autophagy and apoptosis through AKT/ERK/Caspase-3 signaling pathway in human neuroglioma cells: In vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Grell K, Frederiksen K, Schüz J, Cardis E, Armstrong B, Siemiatycki J, Krewski DR, McBride ML, Johansen C, Auvinen A, Hours M, Blettner M, Sadetzki S, Lagorio S, Yamaguchi N, Woodward A, Tynes T, Feychting M, Fleming SJ, Swerdlow AJ, Andersen PK. The Intracranial Distribution of Gliomas in Relation to Exposure From Mobile Phones: Analyses From the INTERPHONE Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:818-828. [PMID: 27810856 PMCID: PMC5152665 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When investigating the association between brain tumors and use of mobile telephones, accurate data on tumor position are essential, due to the highly localized absorption of energy in the human brain from the radio-frequency fields emitted. We used a point process model to investigate this association using information that included tumor localization data from the INTERPHONE Study (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Our main analysis included 792 regular mobile phone users diagnosed with a glioma between 2000 and 2004. Similar to earlier results, we found a statistically significant association between the intracranial distribution of gliomas and the self-reported location of the phone. When we accounted for the preferred side of the head not being exclusively used for all mobile phone calls, the results were similar. The association was independent of the cumulative call time and cumulative number of calls. However, our model used reported side of mobile phone use, which is potentially influenced by recall bias. The point process method provides an alternative to previously used epidemiologic research designs when one is including localization in the investigation of brain tumors and mobile phone use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Grell
- Correspondence to Dr. Kathrine Grell, Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark (e-mail: )
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Gu H, Feng J, Wang H, Qian Y, Yang L, Chen J, Jin F, Shi Y, Lu S, Liu Y. Celastrus orbiculatus extract inhibits the migration and invasion of human glioblastoma cells in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:387. [PMID: 27716341 PMCID: PMC5052973 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are highly aggressive tumors of the nervous system, and current treatments fail to improve patient survival. To identify substances that can be used as treatments for gliomas, we examined the effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE) on the invasion and migration of human glioblastoma U87 and U251 cells in vitro. METHODS The effects of COE on cell viability and adhesion were tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and cell adhesion assay, respectively. The effects of COE on cell migration and invasion were assessed by a wound-healing assay and transwell migration and invasion assays. The effects of COE on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were evaluated using western blot and gelatin zymography, respectively. Finally, the effect of COE on actin assembly was observed using phalloidin-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS We found that COE inhibited the adhesion, migration, and invasion of U87 and U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. COE reduced N-cadherin and vimentin expression, increased E-cadherin expression, and reduced MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in U87 and U251 cells. Furthermore, COE inhibited actin assembly in U87 and U251 cells. CONCLUSIONS COE attenuates EMT, MMP expression, and actin assembly in human glioblastoma cells, thereby inhibiting their adhesion, migration, and invasion in vitro.
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Hattermann K, Flüh C, Engel D, Mehdorn HM, Synowitz M, Mentlein R, Held-Feindt J. Stem cell markers in glioma progression and recurrence. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1899-1910. [PMID: 27600094 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive cancer cells show histological similarities to embryonic stem cells. As differentiated cells can re-acquire pluripotency and self-renewal by transfection with the transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC, with Nanog as readout for success, we comprehensively investigated their occurrence and frequency in human astrocytomas of different malignancy grades, primary and matched recurrent glioblastomas, short- and long-term glioblastoma cultures and glioma cell lines. Among astrocytomas, mRNA expression of OCT4, MYC and (less robust) KLF4 increased with malignancy, while in recurrent glioblastomas MYC expression slightly decreased. Correlation analysis revealed distinct positive correlation between distinct stem cell markers, and this effect was most prominent in the recurrent glioblastoma cohort. In situ, embryonic stem cell factors were found also in more differentiated tumor regions. Respective cells were rarely actively proliferating and showed single or combined expression signatures, which, at least in parts, corresponded to observed positive correlations of mRNA expression. However, a 'master-marker' defining the complete glioma stem cell subset could not be confirmed. In glioma cell lines, long- and short-term cultures, embryonic markers were detected at comparable levels. Upon exposure to temozolomide, increased expression of KLF4 (and lesser Nanog and OCT4) was observed. Experimental intrinsic overexpression of SOX2, KLF4 or OCT4 did not affect the other stem cell factors. The embryonic stem cell factors comprehensively investigated in this project can control self-renewal and pluripotency, and therefore tumorigenicity. They should be considered for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dorothee Engel
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H Maximilian Mehdorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rolf Mentlein
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein UKSH, Campus Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Boustani MR, Mehrabi F, Yahaghi E, Khoshnood RJ, Shahmohammadi M, Darian EK, Goudarzi PK. Somatic CPEB4 and CPEB1 genes mutations spectrum on the prognostic predictive accuracy in patients with high-grade glioma and their clinical significance. J Neurol Sci 2016; 363:80-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Popescu AM, Purcaru SO, Alexandru O, Dricu A. New perspectives in glioblastoma antiangiogenic therapy. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 20:109-18. [PMID: 27358588 PMCID: PMC4925727 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2015.56122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is highly vascularised tumour, known to exhibit enhanced infiltrative potential. One of the characteristics of glioblastoma is microvascular proliferation surrounding necrotic areas, as a response to a hypoxic environment, which in turn increases the expression of angiogenic factors and their signalling pathways (RAS/RAF/ERK/MAPK pathway, PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and WTN signalling cascade). Currently, a small number of anti-angiogenic drugs, extending glioblastoma patients survival, are available for clinical use. Most medications are ineffective in clinical therapy of glioblastoma due to acquired malignant cells or intrinsic resistance, angiogenic receptors cross-activation and redundant intracellular signalling, or the inability of the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier and to reach its target in vivo. Researchers have also observed that GB tumours are different in many aspects, even when they derive from the same tissue, which is the reason for personalised therapy. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating glioblastoma angiogenesis and invasion may be important in the future development of curative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefana Oana Purcaru
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandru
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova and Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anica Dricu
- Unit of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Baskin R, Woods NT, Mendoza-Fandiño G, Forsyth P, Egan KM, Monteiro ANA. Functional analysis of the 11q23.3 glioma susceptibility locus implicates PHLDB1 and DDX6 in glioma susceptibility. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17367. [PMID: 26610392 PMCID: PMC4661592 DOI: 10.1038/srep17367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and is associated with poor prognosis. Genetic factors contributing to glioma risk have recently been investigated through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), implicating seven independent glioma risk loci in six chromosomal regions. Here, we performed an in-depth functional analysis of the risk locus proximal to the PHLDB1 gene on 11q23.3. We retrieved all SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.2) with the glioma-associated SNP (rs498872) and performed a comprehensive bioinformatics and experimental functional analysis for the region. After testing candidate SNPs for allele-specific activity in a luciferase-based enhancer scanning assay, we established a subset of 10 functional SNPs in the promoters of PHLDB1 and DDX6, and in a putative enhancer element. Chromatin conformation capture (3C) identified a physical interaction between the enhancer element containing a functional SNP (rs73001406) and the promoter of the DDX6 gene. Knockdown experiments in cell culture and 3D assays to evaluate the role of PHLDB1 and DDX6 suggest that both genes may contribute to the phenotype. These studies reveal the functional landscape of the 11q23.3 glioma susceptibility locus and identify a network of functional SNPs in regulatory elements and two target genes as a possible mechanism driving glioma risk association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Baskin
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gustavo Mendoza-Fandiño
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Peter Forsyth
- Department of Neuro-oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Vadalasetty KP, Grodzik M, Wierzbicki M, Kurantowicz N, Strojny B, Hotowy A, Lipińska L, Jagiełło J, Chwalibog A. Graphene Functionalized with Arginine Decreases the Development of Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor in a Gene-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25214-33. [PMID: 26512645 PMCID: PMC4632799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that graphene had anticancer properties in experiments in vitro with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and in tumors cultured in vivo. We hypothesized that the addition of arginine or proline to graphene solutions might counteract graphene agglomeration and increase the activity of graphene. Experiments were performed in vitro with GBM U87 cells and in vivo with GBM tumors cultured on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes. The measurements included cell morphology, mortality, viability, tumor morphology, histology, and gene expression. The cells and tumors were treated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and rGO functionalized with arginine (rGO + Arg) or proline (rGO + Pro). The results confirmed the anticancer effect of graphene on GBM cells and tumor tissue. After functionalization with amino acids, nanoparticles were distributed more specifically, and the flakes of graphene were less agglomerated. The molecule of rGO + Arg did not increase the expression of TP53 in comparison to rGO, but did not increase the expression of MDM2 or the MDM2/TP53 ratio in the tumor, suggesting that arginine may block MDM2 expression. The expression of NQO1, known to be a strong protector of p53 protein in tumor tissue, was greatly increased. The results indicate that the complex of rGO + Arg has potential in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Krishna Prasad Vadalasetty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kurantowicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jagiełło
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw 02-787, Poland.
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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Ellenbogen JR, Walker C, Jenkinson MD. Genetics and imaging of oligodendroglial tumors. CNS Oncol 2015; 4:307-15. [PMID: 26478219 DOI: 10.2217/cns.15.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumors are chemosensitive with a favorable prognosis compared with other histological subtypes. The genetic hallmark of co-deletion of 1p and 19q determines both treatment response and prognosis. While this test now forms part of routine histopathology diagnosis in many laboratories, alternative noninvasive imaging biomarkers of tumor genotype remain an attractive proposition. This review will focus on imaging biomarkers of molecular genetics in oligodendroglial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Carol Walker
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Clinical Science Centre, Liverpool, L9 7LJ, UK
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Wehbe K, Forfar I, Eimer S, Cinque G. Discrimination between two different grades of human glioma based on blood vessel infrared spectral imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7295-305. [PMID: 26168973 PMCID: PMC4569654 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are brain tumours classified into four grades with increasing malignancy from I to IV. The development and the progression of malignant glioma largely depend on the tumour vascularization. Due to their tissue heterogeneity, glioma cases can be difficult to classify into a specific grade using the gold standard of histological observation, hence the need to base classification on a quantitative and reliable analytical method for accurately grading the disease. Previous works focused specifically on vascularization study by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proving this method to be a way forward to detect biochemical changes in the tumour tissue not detectable by visual techniques. In this project, we employed FTIR imaging using a focal plane array (FPA) detector and globar source to analyse large areas of glioma tumour tissue sections via molecular fingerprinting in view of helping to define markers of the tumour grade. Unsupervised multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) of blood vessel spectral data, retrieved from the FPA images, revealed the fine structure of the borderline between two areas identified by a pathologist as grades III and IV. Spectroscopic indicators are found capable of discriminating different areas in the tumour tissue and are proposed as biomolecular markers for potential future use of grading gliomas. Graphical Abstract Infrared imaging of glioma blood vessels provides a means to revise the pathologists' line of demarcation separating grade III (GIII) from grade IV (GIV) parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Wehbe
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | | | - Sandrine Eimer
- Department of Pathology, Pellegrin University Hospital, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
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Bobola MS, Alnoor M, Chen JYS, Kolstoe DD, Silbergeld DL, Rostomily RC, Blank A, Chamberlain MC, Silber JR. O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity is associated with response to alkylating agent therapy and with MGMT promoter methylation in glioblastoma and anaplastic glioma. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:1-10. [PMID: 25558448 PMCID: PMC4280839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background CpG methylation in the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter is associated with better outcome following alkylating agent chemotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic glioma (AG). To what extent improved response reflects low or absent MGMT activity in glioma tissue has not been unequivocally assessed. This information is central to developing anti-resistance therapies. Methods We examined the relationship of MGMT activity in 91 GBMs and 84 AGs with progression-free survival (PFS) following alkylator therapy and with promoter methylation status determined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Results Cox regression analysis revealed that GBMs with high activity had a significantly greater risk for progression in dichotomous (P ≤ 0.001) and continuous (P ≤ 0.003) models, an association observed for different alkylator regimens, including concurrent chemo-radiation with temozolomide. Analysis of MGMT promoter methylation status in 47 of the GBMs revealed that methylated tumors had significantly lower activity (P ≤ 0.005) and longer PFS (P ≤ 0.036) compared to unmethylated tumors, despite overlapping activities. PFS was also significantly greater in methylated vs. unmethylated GBMs with comparable activity (P ≤ 0.005), and among unmethylated tumors with less than median activity (P ≤ 0.026), suggesting that mechanisms in addition to MGMT promote alkylator resistance. Similar associations of MGMT activity with PFS and promoter methylation status were observed for AGs. Conclusions Our results provide strong support for the hypotheses that MGMT activity promotes alkylator resistance and reflects promoter methylation status in malignant gliomas. General significance MGMT activity is an attractive target for anti-resistance therapy regardless of methylation status. Largest study to date of association of MGMT activity with treatment response. MGMT activity is inversely associated with alkylator response in malignant gliomas. Mean activity is significantly lower in MGMT promoter-methylated tumors. Better response in methylated tumors is unlikely due to lower MGMT activity alone. Supports the use of MGMT inhibitors to improve responsiveness to alkylator therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bobola
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mohammad Alnoor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John Y-S Chen
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 252 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Douglas D Kolstoe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - A Blank
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marc C Chamberlain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John R Silber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Smitha KA, Gupta AK, Jayasree RS. Relative percentage signal intensity recovery of perfusion metrics—an efficient tool for differentiating grades of glioma. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140784. [PMID: 26110202 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma classification and characterization may be facilitated by a multiparametric approach of perfusion metrics, which could not be achieved by conventional MRI alone. Our aim is to explore the potential of relative percentage signal intensity recovery (rPSR) values, in addition to relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of first-pass T2* dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI, in differentiating high- and low-grade glioma. METHODS This prospective study included 39 patients with low-grade and 25 patients with high-grade glioma. rPSR, rCBV and rCBF were calculated from the first-pass T2* DSC perfusion MRI. rPSR was calculated using standard software and validated with dedicated perfusion metrics analysis software. The statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Variation in rPSR, rCBV and rCBF values between low- and high-grade gliomas were statistically significant (p < 0.005). The ROC curve analysis for each of them yielded 96% sensitivity and 71.8% specificity; 88% sensitivity and 69.2% specificity; and 72% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. The area under the curve (AUC) from the ROC curve analysis yielded 0.893, 0.852 and 0.702 for rPSR, rCBV and rCBF, respectively. The rPSR calculation with the validation software yielded 92.3% sensitivity and 72% specificity with an AUC of 0.864. CONCLUSION rPSR inversely correlates while rCBV and rCBF values directly correlate with the tumour grade. Furthermore, the overall diagnostic performance of rPSR is better than rCBV and rCBF values. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE rPSR of T2* DSC perfusion is an indicator of blood-brain barrier status and lesion leakiness, which has not been explored yet compared with the usual haemodynamic parameters, rCBV and rCBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Smitha
- 1 Department of Imaging Sciences and Interventional Radiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - A K Gupta
- 2 Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R S Jayasree
- 3 Biophotonics and Imaging Laboratory, BMT Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Glastonbury CM, Tihan T. Practical neuroimaging of central nervous system tumors for surgical pathologists. Surg Pathol Clin 2015; 8:1-26. [PMID: 25783819 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Imaging has established itself as an irreplaceable component of neuro-oncology, and provided much insight in all aspects of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Today, similar to some other medical specialties, such as bone and joint disorders, it is an integral part of the diagnosis of CNS tumors. This brief review highlights the critical elements of neuroimaging, especially of MRI, in the study and diagnosis of brain tumors, and considers some of the common entities for the diagnosis, of which a good understanding of imaging characteristics is extremely helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Glastonbury
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, Room M551, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, UCSF School of Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, Room M551, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0102, USA.
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Falk A, Fahlström M, Rostrup E, Berntsson S, Zetterling M, Morell A, Larsson HB, Smits A, Larsson EM. Discrimination between glioma grades II and III in suspected low-grade gliomas using dynamic contrast-enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging: a histogram analysis approach. Neuroradiology 2014; 56:1031-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-014-1426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Glass R, Synowitz M. CNS macrophages and peripheral myeloid cells in brain tumours. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:347-62. [PMID: 24722970 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary brain tumours (gliomas) initiate a strong host response and can contain large amounts of immune cells (myeloid cells) such as microglia and tumour-infiltrating macrophages. In gliomas the course of pathology is not only controlled by the genetic make-up of the tumour cells, but also depends on the interplay with myeloid cells in the tumour microenvironment. Especially malignant gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are notoriously immune-suppressive and it is now evident that GBM cells manipulate myeloid cells to support tumour expansion. The protumorigenic effects of glioma-associated myeloid cells comprise a support for angiogenesis as well as tumour cell invasion, proliferation and survival. Different strategies for inhibiting the pathological functions of myeloid cells in gliomas are explored, and blocking the tropism of microglia/macrophages to gliomas or manipulating the signal transduction pathways for immune cell activation has been successful in pre-clinical models. Hence, myeloid cells are now emerging as a promising target for new adjuvant therapies for gliomas. However, it is also becoming evident that some myeloid-directed glioma therapies may only be beneficial for distinct subclasses of gliomas and that a more cell-type-specific manipulation of either microglia or macrophages may improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Korfiatis P, Erickson B. The basics of diffusion and perfusion imaging in brain tumors. APPLIED RADIOLOGY 2014; 43:22-29. [PMID: 26456989 PMCID: PMC4599787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Impact of perfusion map analysis on early survival prediction accuracy in glioma patients. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:766-74. [PMID: 24466380 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging-determined relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps as a metric of treatment response assessment have generated conflicting results. We evaluated the potential of various analytical techniques to predict survival of patients with glioma treated with chemoradiation. rCBV maps were acquired in patients with high-grade gliomas at 0, 1, and 3 weeks into chemoradiation therapy. Various analytical techniques were applied to the same cohort of serial rCBV data for early assessment of survival. Three different methodologies were investigated: 1) percentage change of whole tumor statistics (i.e., mean, median, and percentiles), 2) physiological segmentation (low rCBV, medium rCBV, or high rCBV), and 3) a voxel-based approach, parametric response mapping (PRM). All analyses were performed using the same tumor contours, which were determined using contrast-enhanced T1-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images. The predictive potential of each response metric was assessed at 1-year and overall survival. PRM was the only analytical approach found to generate a response metric significantly predictive of patient 1-year survival. Time of acquisition and contour volume were not found to alter the sensitivity of the PRM approach for predicting overall survival. We have demonstrated the importance of the analytical approach in early response assessment using serial rCBV maps. The PRM analysis shows promise as a unified early and robust imaging biomarker of treatment response in patients diagnosed with high-grade gliomas.
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Pierce AM, Keating AK. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases: expression, disease and oncogenesis in the central nervous system. Brain Res 2013; 1542:206-20. [PMID: 24184575 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are cell surface proteins that tightly regulate a variety of downstream intra-cellular processes; ligand-receptor interactions result in cascades of signaling events leading to growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration. There are 58 described RTKs, which are further categorized into 20 different RTK families. When dysregulated or overexpressed, these RTKs are implicated in disordered growth, development, and oncogenesis. The TAM family of RTKs, consisting of Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK, is prominently expressed during the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Aberrant expression and dysregulated activation of TAM family members has been demonstrated in a variety of CNS-related disorders and diseases, including the most common but least treatable brain cancer in children and adults: glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Pierce
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, P18-4105, MS 8302 Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Amy K Keating
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, P18-4105, MS 8302 Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Abstract
Tumours of the spinal cord, although rare, are associated with high morbidity. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for patients with this disease, and offers the best chance for cure. Such surgical procedures, however, carry substantial risks such as worsening of neurological deficit, paralysis and death. New therapeutic avenues for spinal cord tumours are needed, but genetic studies of the molecular mechanisms governing tumourigenesis in the spinal cord are limited by the scarcity of high-quality human tumour samples. Many spinal cord tumours have intracranial counterparts that have been extensively studied, but emerging data show that the tumours are genetically and biologically distinct. The differences between brain and spine tumours make extrapolation of data from one to the other difficult. In this Review, we describe the demographics, genetics and current treatment approaches for the most commonly encountered spinal cord tumours--namely, ependymomas, astrocytomas, haemangioblastomas and meningiomas. We highlight advances in understanding of the biological basis of these lesions, and explain how the latest progress in genetics and beyond are being translated to improve patient care.
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