1
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Somai V, Kreis F, Gaunt A, Tsyben A, Chia ML, Hesse F, Wright AJ, Brindle KM. Genetic algorithm-based optimization of pulse sequences. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2130-2144. [PMID: 34866238 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The performance of pulse sequences in vivo can be limited by fast relaxation rates, magnetic field inhomogeneity, and nonuniform spin excitation. We describe here a method for pulse sequence optimization that uses a stochastic numerical solver that in principle is capable of finding a global optimum. The method provides a simple framework for incorporating any constraint and implementing arbitrarily complex cost functions. Efficient methods for simulating spin dynamics and incorporating frequency selectivity are also described. METHODS Optimized pulse sequences for polarization transfer between protons and X-nuclei and excitation pulses that eliminate J-coupling modulation were evaluated experimentally using a surface coil on phantoms, and also the detection of hyperpolarized [2-13 C]lactate in vivo in the case of J-coupling modulation-free excitation. RESULTS The optimized polarization transfer pulses improved the SNR by ~50% with a more than twofold reduction in the B1 field, and J-coupling modulation-free excitation was achieved with a more than threefold reduction in pulse length. CONCLUSION This process could be used to optimize any pulse when there is a need to improve the uniformity and frequency selectivity of excitation as well as to design new pulses to steer the spin system to any desired achievable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Kreis
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Gaunt
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Tsyben
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Li Chia
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Friederike Hesse
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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2
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Salzillo TC, Mawoneke V, Weygand J, Shetty A, Gumin J, Zacharias NM, Gammon ST, Piwnica-Worms D, Fuller GN, Logothetis CJ, Lang FF, Bhattacharya PK. Measuring the Metabolic Evolution of Glioblastoma throughout Tumor Development, Regression, and Recurrence with Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102621. [PMID: 34685601 PMCID: PMC8534002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of aggressive diseases such as glioblastoma can improve patient survival by providing physicians the time to optimally deliver treatment. This research tested whether metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized MRI could detect changes in tumor progression faster than conventional anatomic MRI in patient-derived glioblastoma murine models. To capture the dynamic nature of cancer metabolism, hyperpolarized MRI, NMR spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry were performed at several time-points during tumor development, regression, and recurrence. Hyperpolarized MRI detected significant changes of metabolism throughout tumor progression whereas conventional MRI was less sensitive. This was accompanied by aberrations in amino acid and phospholipid lipid metabolism and MCT1 expression. Hyperpolarized MRI can help address clinical challenges such as identifying malignant disease prior to aggressive growth, differentiating pseudoprogression from true progression, and predicting relapse. The individual evolution of these metabolic assays as well as their correlations with one another provides context for further academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C. Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
| | - Vimbai Mawoneke
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
| | - Joseph Weygand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Akaanksh Shetty
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.G.); (F.F.L.)
| | - Niki M. Zacharias
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
| | - Gregory N. Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (J.G.); (F.F.L.)
| | - Pratip K. Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; (T.C.S.); (V.M.); (A.S.); (S.T.G.); (D.P.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-454-9887
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3
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Anderson VC, Tagge IJ, Doud A, Li X, Springer CS, Quinn JF, Kaye JA, Wild KV, Rooney WD. DCE-MRI of Brain Fluid Barriers: In Vivo Water Cycling at the Human Choroid Plexus. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1963143. [PMID: 34542012 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1963143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic deficits at brain-fluid barriers are an increasingly recognized feature of cognitive decline in older adults. At the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, water is transported across the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium against large osmotic gradients via processes tightly coupled to activity of the sodium/potassium pump. Here, we quantify CP homeostatic water exchange using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and investigate the association of the water efflux rate constant (kco) with cognitive dysfunction in older individuals. Temporal changes in the longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1) after contrast agent bolus injection were measured in a CP region of interest in 11 participants with mild cognitive dysfunction [CI; 73 ± 6 years] and 28 healthy controls [CN; 72 ± 7 years]. kco was determined from a modified two-site pharmacokinetic exchange analysis of the R1 time-course. Ktrans, a measure of contrast agent extravasation to the interstitial space was also determined. Cognitive function was assessed by neuropsychological test performance. kco averages 5.8 ± 2.7 s-1 in CN individuals and is reduced by 2.4 s-1 [ca. 40%] in CI subjects. Significant associations of kco with global cognition and multiple cognitive domains are observed. Ktrans averages 0.13 ± 0.07 min-1 and declines with age [-0.006 ± 0.002 min-1 yr-1], but shows no difference between CI and CN individuals or association with cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that the CP water efflux rate constant is associated with cognitive dysfunction and shows an age-related decline in later life, consistent with the metabolic disturbances that characterize brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Anderson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ian J Tagge
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Doud
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine V Wild
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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4
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Somai V, Wright AJ, Fala M, Hesse F, Brindle KM. A multi spin echo pulse sequence with optimized excitation pulses and a 3D cone readout for hyperpolarized 13 C imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1895-1908. [PMID: 32173908 PMCID: PMC8638674 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imaging tumor metabolism in vivo using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate is a promising technique for detecting disease, monitoring disease progression, and assessing treatment response. However, the transient nature of the hyperpolarization and its depletion following excitation limits the available time for imaging. We describe here a single-shot multi spin echo sequence, which improves on previously reported sequences, with a shorter readout time, isotropic point spread function (PSF), and better signal-to-noise ratio. METHODS The sequence uses numerically optimized spectrally selective excitation pulses set to the resonant frequencies of pyruvate and lactate and a hyperbolic secant adiabatic refocusing pulse, all applied in the absence of slice selection gradients. The excitation pulses were designed to be resistant to the effects of B0 and B1 field inhomogeneity. The gradient readout uses a 3D cone trajectory composed of 13 cones, all fully refocused and distributed among 7 spin echoes. The maximal gradient amplitude and slew rate were set to 4 G/cm and 20 G/cm/ms, respectively, to demonstrate the feasibility of clinical translation. RESULTS The pulse sequence gave an isotropic PSF of 2.8 mm. The excitation profiles of the optimized pulses closely matched simulations and a 46.10 ± 0.04% gain in image SNR was observed compared to a conventional Shinnar-Le Roux excitation pulse. The sequence was demonstrated with dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate in vivo. CONCLUSION The pulse sequence was capable of dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized 13 C labeled metabolites in vivo with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution and immunity to system imperfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Fala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Friederike Hesse
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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5
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Song JE, Shin J, Lee H, Choi YS, Song HT, Kim DH. Dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopic imaging using SPICE in mouse kidney at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4230. [PMID: 31856426 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using the SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation (SPICE) technique and an estimation of the spatially resolved conversion constant rate (kpl ). An acquisition scheme comprising a single training dataset and several imaging datasets was proposed considering hyperpolarized 13 C circumstances. The feasibility and advantage of the scheme were investigated in two parts: (a) consistency of spectral basis over time and (b) accuracy of the estimated kpl . The simulations and in vivo experiments support accurate kpl estimation with consistent spectral bases. The proposed method was implemented in an enzyme phantom and via in vivo experiments. In the enzyme phantom experiments, spatially resolved homogeneous kpl maps were observed. In the in vivo experiments, normal diet (ND) mice and high-fat diet (HFD) mice had kpl (s-1 ) values of medullar (ND: 0.0119 ± 0.0022, HFD: 0.0195 ± 0.0005) and cortical (ND: 0.0148 ±0.0023, HFD: 0.0224 ±0.0054) regions which were higher than vascular (ND: 0.0087 ±0.0013, HFD: 0.0132 ±0.0050) regions. In particular, the kpl value in the medullar region exhibited a significant difference between the two diet groups. In summary, the feasibility of using modified SPICE for dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI was demonstrated via simulations and in vivo experiments. The consistency of spectral bases over time and the accuracy of the estimated kpl values validate the proposed acquisition scheme, which comprises only a single training dataset. The proposed method improved the spatial resolution of dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI, which could be used for kpl estimation using high signal-to-noise ratio spectral bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Song
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewook Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Taek Song
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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Cox BL, Erickson-Bhatt S, Szulczewski JM, Squirrell JM, Ludwig KD, Macdonald EB, Swader R, Ponik SM, Eliceiri KW, Fain SB. A novel bioreactor for combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical imaging of metabolism in 3D cell cultures. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3379-3391. [PMID: 30652350 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous fluorescent metabolites permits the measurement of cellular metabolism in cell, tissue and animal models. In parallel, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of dynamic nuclear (hyper)polarized (DNP) 13 C-pyruvate enables measurement of metabolism at larger in vivo scales. Presented here are the design and initial application of a bioreactor that connects these 2 metabolic imaging modalities in vitro, using 3D cell cultures. METHODS The model fitting for FLIM data analysis and the theory behind a model for the diffusion of pyruvate into a collagen gel are detailed. The device is MRI-compatible, including an optical window, a temperature control system and an injection port for the introduction of contrast agents. Three-dimensional printing, computer numerical control machining and laser cutting were used to fabricate custom parts. RESULTS Performance of the bioreactor is demonstrated for 4 T1 murine breast cancer cells under glucose deprivation. Mean nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence lifetimes were 10% longer and hyperpolarized 13 C lactate:pyruvate (Lac:Pyr) ratios were 60% lower for glucose-deprived 4 T1 cells compared to 4 T1 cells in normal medium. Looking at the individual components of the NADH fluorescent lifetime, τ1 (free NADH) showed no significant change, while τ2 (bound NADH) showed a significant increase, suggesting that the increase in mean lifetime was due to a change in bound NADH. CONCLUSION A novel bioreactor that is compatible with, and can exploit the benefits of, both FLIM and 13 C MRS in 3D cell cultures for studies of cell metabolism has been designed and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Cox
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah Erickson-Bhatt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph M Szulczewski
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Erin B Macdonald
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert Swader
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin.,Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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7
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Serrao E, Kettunen M, Rodrigues T, Lewis D, Gallagher F, Hu D, Brindle K. Analysis of 13 C and 14 C labeling in pyruvate and lactate in tumor and blood of lymphoma-bearing mice injected with 13 C- and 14 C-labeled pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3901. [PMID: 29457661 PMCID: PMC5947589 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between injected [1-13 C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool can give an apparent first-order rate constant for the exchange. The determination of the isotope flux, however, requires an estimate of the labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor. This was achieved here by measurement of the tumor uptake of [1-14 C]pyruvate, which showed that <2% of the injected pyruvate reached the tumor site. Multiplication of this estimated labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor with the apparent first-order rate constant for hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange gave an isotope flux that showed good agreement with a flux determined directly by the injection of non-polarized [3-13 C]pyruvate, rapid excision of the tumor after 30 s and measurement of 13 C-labeled lactate concentrations in tumor extracts. The distribution of labeled lactate between intra- and extracellular compartments and the blood pool was investigated by imaging, by measurement of the labeled lactate concentration in blood and tumor, and by examination of the effects of a gadolinium contrast agent and a lactate transport inhibitor on the intensity of the hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate signal. These measurements showed that there was significant export of labeled lactate from the tumor, but that labeled lactate in the blood pool produced by the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate showed only relatively low levels of polarization. This study shows that measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate in a murine tumor model can provide an estimate of the true isotope flux if the concentration of labeled pyruvate that reaches the tumor can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M.I. Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - T.B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - F.A. Gallagher
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.E. Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - K.M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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8
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Salzillo TC, Hu J, Nguyen L, Whiting N, Lee J, Weygand J, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Millward NZ, Gammon ST, Lang FF, Heimberger AB, Bhattacharya PK. Interrogating Metabolism in Brain Cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017; 24:687-703. [PMID: 27742110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews existing and emerging techniques of interrogating metabolism in brain cancer from well-established proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the promising hyperpolarized metabolic imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer and emerging techniques of imaging inflammation. Some of these techniques are at an early stage of development and clinical trials are in progress in patients to establish the clinical efficacy. It is likely that in vivo metabolomics and metabolic imaging is the next frontier in brain cancer diagnosis and assessing therapeutic efficacy; with the combined knowledge of genomics and proteomics a complete understanding of tumorigenesis in brain might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Weygand
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Fernandez Diaz-Rullo F, Zamberlan F, Mewis RE, Fekete M, Broche L, Cheyne LA, Dall'Angelo S, Duckett SB, Dawson D, Zanda M. Synthesis and hyperpolarisation of eNOS substrates for quantification of NO production by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2730-2742. [PMID: 28365086 PMCID: PMC5399308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization enhances the intensity of the NMR signals of a molecule, whose in vivo metabolic fate can be monitored by MRI with higher sensitivity. SABRE is a hyperpolarization technique that could potentially be used to image nitric oxide (NO) production in vivo. This would be very important, because NO dysregulation is involved in several pathologies, including cardiovascular ones. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway leads to NO production via conversion of l-arginine into l-citrulline. NO is a free radical gas with a short half-life in vivo (≈5s), therefore direct NO quantification is challenging. An indirect method - based on quantifying conversion of an l-Arg- to l-Cit-derivative by 1H NMR spectroscopy - is herein proposed. A small library of pyridyl containing l-Arg derivatives was designed and synthesised. In vitro tests showed that compounds 4a-j and 11a-c were better or equivalent substrates for the eNOS enzyme (NO2- production=19-46μM) than native l-Arg (NO2- production=25μM). Enzymatic conversion of l-Arg to l-Cit derivatives could be monitored by 1H NMR. The maximum hyperpolarization achieved by SABRE reached 870-fold NMR signal enhancement, which opens up exciting future perspectives of using these molecules as hyperpolarized MRI tracers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez Diaz-Rullo
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zamberlan
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E. Mewis
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel Broche
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A. Cheyne
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5NY, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Dawson
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Centre for Therapeutics and School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
- C.N.R.- I.C.R.M., via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
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10
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Zhao M, Zhang L, Lv S, Zhang C, Wang L, Chen H, Zhou Y, Lou J. IQGAP1 Mediates Hcp1-Promoted Escherichia coli Meningitis by Stimulating the MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:132. [PMID: 28469997 PMCID: PMC5395654 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli-induced meningitis remains a life-threatening disease despite recent advances in the field of antibiotics-based therapeutics, necessitating continued research on its pathogenesis. The current study aims to elucidate the mechanism through which hemolysin-coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1) induces the apoptosis of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometric (MS) characterization led to the identification of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as a downstream target of Hcp1. IQGAP1 was found to be up-regulated by Hcp1 treatment and mediate the stimulation of HBMEC apoptosis. It was shown that Hcp1 could compete against Smurf1 for binding to IQGAP1, thereby rescuing the latter from ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Subsequent study suggested that IQGAP1 could stimulate the MAPK signaling pathway by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, an effect that was blocked by U0126, an MAPK inhibitor. Furthermore, U0126 also demonstrated therapeutic potential against E. coli meningitis in a mouse model. Taken together, our results suggested the feasibility of targeting the MAPK pathway as a putative therapeutic strategy against bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Zhang
- Center for RNA Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shaogang Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chenzi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
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11
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Wang J, Wright AJ, Hu D, Hesketh R, Brindle KM. Single shot three-dimensional pulse sequence for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:740-752. [PMID: 26916384 PMCID: PMC5297976 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled cell substrates is a promising technique for imaging tissue metabolism in vivo. However, the transient nature of the hyperpolarization, and its depletion following excitation, limits the imaging time and the number of excitation pulses that can be used. We describe here a single-shot three-dimensional (3D) imaging sequence and demonstrate its capability to generate 13 C MR images in tumor-bearing mice injected with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate. METHODS The pulse sequence acquires a stack-of-spirals at two spin echoes after a single excitation pulse and encodes the kz-dimension in an interleaved manner to enhance robustness to B0 inhomogeneity. Spectral-spatial pulses are used to acquire dynamic 3D images from selected hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled metabolites. RESULTS A nominal spatial/temporal resolution of 1.25 × 1.25 × 2.5 mm3 × 2 s was achieved in tumor images of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate acquired in vivo. Higher resolution in the z-direction, with a different k-space trajectory, was demonstrated in measurements on a thermally polarized [1-13 C]lactate phantom. CONCLUSION The pulse sequence is capable of imaging hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled substrates at relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions and is robust to moderate system imperfections. Magn Reson Med 77:740-752, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Wang
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - De‐en Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Hesketh
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson WayCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeUnited Kingdom.
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12
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Radoul M, Chaumeil MM, Eriksson P, Wang AS, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. MR Studies of Glioblastoma Models Treated with Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor and Temozolomide:Metabolic Changes Are Associated with Enhanced Survival. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1113-22. [PMID: 26883274 PMCID: PMC4873419 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for glioblastoma (GBM) is surgical resection, radiotherapy, and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ). However, resistance to current therapies and recurrence are common. To improve survival, agents that target the PI3K signaling pathway, which is activated in approximately 88% of GBM, are currently in clinical trials. A challenge with such therapies is that tumor shrinkage is not always observed. New imaging methods are therefore needed to monitor response to therapy and predict survival. The goal of this study was to determine whether hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to monitor response to the second-generation dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor voxtalisib (XL765, SAR245409), alone or in combination with TMZ. We investigated GS-2 and U87-MG GBM orthotopic tumors in mice, and used MRI, hyperpolarized (13)C MRSI, and (1)H MRS to monitor the effects of treatment. In our study, (1)H MRS could not predict tumor response to therapy. However, in both our models, we observed a significantly lower hyperpolarized lactate-to-pyruvate ratio in animals treated with voxtalisib, TMZ, or combination therapy, when compared with controls. This metabolic alteration was observed prior to MRI-detectable changes in tumor size, was consistent with drug action, and was associated with enhanced animal survival. Our findings confirm the potential translational value of the hyperpolarized lactate-to-pyruvate ratio as a biomarker for noninvasively assessing the effects of emerging therapies for patients with GBM. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 1113-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pia Eriksson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Alan S Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, UCSF School of Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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13
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Gutte H, Hansen AE, Johannesen HH, Clemmensen AE, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Nielsen CH, Kjær A. The use of dynamic nuclear polarization (13)C-pyruvate MRS in cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 5:548-60. [PMID: 26550544 PMCID: PMC4620180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been an immense development of new targeted anti-cancer drugs. For practicing precision medicine, a sensitive method imaging for non-invasive, assessment of early treatment response and for assisting in developing new drugs is warranted. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a potent technique for non-invasive in vivo investigation of tissue chemistry and cellular metabolism. Hyperpolarization by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is capable of creating solutions of molecules with polarized nuclear spins in a range of biological molecules and has enabled the real-time investigation of in vivo metabolism. The development of this new method has been demonstrated to enhance the nuclear polarization more than 10,000-fold, thereby significantly increasing the sensitivity of the MRS with a spatial resolution to the millimeters and a temporal resolution at the subsecond range. Furthermore, the method enables measuring kinetics of conversion of substrates into cell metabolites and can be integrated with anatomical proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many nuclei and substrates have been hyperpolarized using the DNP method. Currently, the most widely used compound is (13)C-pyruvate due to favoring technicalities. Intravenous injection of the hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate results in appearance of (13)C-lactate, (13)C-alanine and (13)C-bicarbonate resonance peaks depending on the tissue, disease and the metabolic state probed. In cancer, the lactate level is increased due to increased glycolysis. The use of DNP enhanced (13)C-pyruvate has in preclinical studies shown to be a sensitive method for detecting cancer and for assessment of early treatment response in a variety of cancers. Recently, a first-in-man 31-patient study was conducted with the primary objective to assess the safety of hyperpolarized (13)C-pyruvate in healthy subjects and prostate cancer patients. The study showed an elevated (13)C-lactate/(13)C-pyruvate ratio in regions of biopsy-proven prostate cancer compared to noncancerous tissue. However, more studies are needed in order to establish use of hyperpolarized (13)C MRS imaging of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gutte
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helle Hjorth Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Ettrup Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Denmark ; Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby, Denmark ; GE Healthcare, Brøndby Denmark
| | - Carsten Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark
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14
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Olivares O, Däbritz JHM, King A, Gottlieb E, Halsey C. Research into cancer metabolomics: Towards a clinical metamorphosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 43:52-64. [PMID: 26365277 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The acknowledgement that metabolic reprogramming is a central feature of cancer has generated high expectations for major advances in both diagnosis and treatment of malignancies through addressing metabolism. These have so far only been partially fulfilled, with only a few clinical applications. However, numerous diagnostic and therapeutic compounds are currently being evaluated in either clinical trials or pre-clinical models and new discoveries of alterations in metabolic genes indicate future prognostic or other applicable relevance. Altogether, these metabolic approaches now stand alongside other available measures providing hopes for the prospects of metabolomics in the clinic. Here we present a comprehensive overview of both ongoing and emerging clinical, pre-clinical and technical strategies for exploiting unique tumour metabolic traits, highlighting the current promises and anticipations of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Olivares
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ayala King
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Christina Halsey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK.
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15
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Rafat M, Ali R, Graves EE. Imaging radiation response in tumor and normal tissue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2015; 5:317-332. [PMID: 26269771 PMCID: PMC4529587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the primary imaging modalities used in the clinic to monitor tumor response to radiation therapy, multi-modal molecular imaging may facilitate improved early and specific evaluation of this process. Fast and accurate imaging that can provide both quantitative and biological information is necessary to monitor treatment and ultimately to develop individualized treatment options for patients. A combination of molecular and anatomic information will allow for deeper insight into the mechanisms of tumor response, which will lead to more effective radiation treatments as well as improved anti-cancer drugs. Much progress has been made in nuclear medicine imaging probes and MRI techniques to achieve increased accuracy and the evaluation of relevant biomarkers of radiation response. This review will emphasize promising molecular imaging techniques that monitor various biological processes following radiotherapy, including metabolism, hypoxia, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rehan Ali
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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Lee Y, Zacharias NM, Piwnica-Worms D, Bhattacharya PK. Chemical reaction-induced multi-molecular polarization (CRIMP). Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:13030-3. [PMID: 25224323 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06199c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a novel hyperpolarization method, Chemical Reaction-Induced Multi-molecular Polarization (CRIMP), which could be applied to the study of several in vivo processes simultaneously including glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis and pH mapping. Through the use of non-enzymatic decarboxylation, we generate four hyperpolarized imaging agents from hyperpolarized 1,2-(13)C pyruvic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Hanyang University, Department of Applied Chemistry, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
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17
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Rooney WD, Li X, Sammi MK, Bourdette DN, Neuwelt EA, Springer CS. Mapping human brain capillary water lifetime: high-resolution metabolic neuroimaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:607-23. [PMID: 25914365 PMCID: PMC4920360 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shutter-speed analysis of dynamic-contrast-agent (CA)-enhanced normal, multiple sclerosis (MS), and glioblastoma (GBM) human brain data gives the mean capillary water molecule lifetime (τ(b)) and blood volume fraction (v(b); capillary density-volume product (ρ(†)V)) in a high-resolution (1)H2O MRI voxel (40 μL) or ROI. The equilibrium water extravasation rate constant, k(po) (τ(b)(-1)), averages 3.2 and 2.9 s(-1) in resting-state normal white matter (NWM) and gray matter (NGM), respectively (n = 6). The results (italicized) lead to three major conclusions. (A) k(po) differences are dominated by capillary water permeability (P(W)(†)), not size, differences. NWM and NGM voxel k(po) and v(b) values are independent. Quantitative analyses of concomitant population-averaged k(po), v(b) variations in normal and normal-appearing MS brain ROIs confirm P(W)(†) dominance. (B) P(W)(†) is dominated (>95%) by a trans(endothelial)cellular pathway, not the P(CA)(†) paracellular route. In MS lesions and GBM tumors, P(CA)(†) increases but P(W)(†) decreases. (C) k(po) tracks steady-state ATP production/consumption flux per capillary. In normal, MS, and GBM brain, regional k(po) correlates with literature MRSI ATP (positively) and Na(+) (negatively) tissue concentrations. This suggests that the P(W)(†) pathway is metabolically active. Excellent agreement of the relative NGM/NWM k(po)v(b) product ratio with the literature (31)PMRSI-MT CMR(oxphos) ratio confirms the flux property. We have previously shown that the cellular water molecule efflux rate constant (k(io)) is proportional to plasma membrane P-type ATPase turnover, likely due to active trans-membrane water cycling. With synaptic proximities and synergistic metabolic cooperativities, polar brain endothelial, neuroglial, and neuronal cells form "gliovascular units." We hypothesize that a chain of water cycling processes transmits brain metabolic activity to k(po), letting it report neurogliovascular unit Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Cerebral k(po) maps represent metabolic (functional) neuroimages. The NGM 2.9 s(-1) k(po) means an equilibrium unidirectional water efflux of ~10(15) H2O molecules s(-1) per capillary (in 1 μL tissue): consistent with the known ATP consumption rate and water co-transporting membrane symporter stoichiometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Manoj K. Sammi
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Edward A. Neuwelt
- Blood‐Brain Barrier ProgramOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Charles S. Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- W. M. Keck Foundation High‐Field MRI LaboratoryOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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18
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Lodi A, Woods SM, Ronen SM. MR-detectable metabolic consequences of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:700-708. [PMID: 24706368 PMCID: PMC4154568 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is increasingly being viewed as a hallmark of cancer. Accordingly, metabolic readouts can serve as biomarkers of response to therapy. The goal of this study was to investigate some of the MRS-detectable metabolic consequences of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition. We investigated PC3 prostate cancer, MCF-7 breast cancer and A375 melanoma cells, and determined that, consistent with previous studies, MRS-detectable levels of phosphocholine decreased significantly in all cell lines (to 63%, 50% and 18% of the control, respectively) following MEK inhibition with U0126. This effect was mediated by a decrease in the expression of choline kinase α, the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline. In contrast, the impact of MEK inhibition on glycolysis was cell line dependent. A375 cells, which express mutant BRAF, demonstrated significant decreases in glucose uptake (to 36% of control) and lactate production (to 42% of control) in line with positron emission tomography data. In contrast, in PC3 and MCF-7 cells, increases in glucose uptake (to 198% and 192% of control, respectively) and lactate production (to 177% and 212% of control, respectively) were observed, in line with a previous hyperpolarized (13) C MRS study. This effect is probably mediated by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway and AMP-activated protein kinase. Our findings demonstrate the value of translatable non-invasive MRS methods for the provision of information on cellular metabolism as an indication of the activation of potential feedback loops following MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lodi
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Xu HN, Kadlececk S, Pullinger B, Profka H, Cai K, Hariharan H, Rizi R, Li LZ. In vivo metabolic evaluation of breast tumor mouse xenografts for predicting aggressiveness using the hyperpolarized (13)C-NMR technique. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 789:237-242. [PMID: 23852500 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging/spectroscopic biomarkers for solid tumor aggressiveness are needed in the clinic to facilitate cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. In mouse models of human melanoma and breast cancer, we were able to detect the metabolic differences among tumors of different metastatic potential and between normal and cancer tissues by optical imaging of the mitochondrial redox state of snap-frozen tissue samples. Such metabolic differences indicate that tumors of different aggressiveness have different metabolic homeostasis, which supports that kinetic parameters such as rate constant(s) can also serve as biomarkers for cancer aggressiveness and treatment response. Here we present our preliminary study on the mouse xenografts of the aggressive and indolent human breast cancer cell lines using the hyperpolarized (13)C-NMR (HP-NMR) technique. By recording the time courses of (13)C-pyruvate tracer and its metabolite signals in vivo, particularly the (13)C-lactate signal, the apparent rate constants of both the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were extracted via the ratiometric modeling of the two-site exchange reaction that we developed. Data from four breast tumors (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 medium and large) with different aggressiveness are included. We demonstrate the feasibility to quantify the apparent rate constants of LDH reactions in breast tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlececk
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ben Pullinger
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harrila Profka
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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Zhang H. The potential of hyperpolarized (13)C MRI in assessing signaling pathways in cancer. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:215-22. [PMID: 24439335 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics are enabling integration of various -omics to reveal the complexities underneath carcinogenesis. Multivariate signaling pathways are deregulated and evolve spatially and temporally depending on the tumor microenvironment. This finding shifts the focus of cancer research from "one disease-one target and drug" to "one disease-multiple pathway targets and combinational therapy" and imposes new challenges on the imaging community in terms of imaging targets, scales and information levels. In current clinical settings, most imaging modalities assess cancer risk through alternations in anatomy, function, metabolism, cellularity, or limited molecular events. Few clinical-translatable imaging modalities are capable of detecting aberrations in signaling pathways at the level of tissue biology. An exception to this is hyperpolarized (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HP (13)C MRI), which is capable of imaging the molecular signatures of special metabolic enzymes using HP (13)C-labeled substrates. HP (13)C MRI can identify multiple metabolites including intermediates and products simultaneously to allow extraction of critical parameters such as flux alterations for multiple metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, recent progress in cancer metabolism research affirms that metabolic alterations are directly controlled by signaling pathways. Thus, in vivo assessment of aberrations occurring in signaling pathways becomes feasible through HP (13)C imaging. This report briefly reviews the connections between signaling pathways and cancer metabolic phenotypes, the current status of HP (13)C MRI in assessing signal pathways, and recent advances in HP (13)C MRI techniques. Integrated with cancer genomics and animal models, HP (13)C MRI may hold high promise in exploring important issues in cancer that are linked to functionality of signaling pathways. Examples include genomic-driven therapy, intratumoral heterogeneity, and drug resistances.
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21
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Molecular imaging in the development of a novel treatment paradigm for glioblastoma (GBM): an integrated multidisciplinary commentary. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1052-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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