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Ruan D, Xuan Y, Tam TTKK, Li Z, Wang X, Xu S, Herrmann D, Niemann H, Lai L, Gao X, Nowak-Imialek M, Liu P. An optimized culture system for efficient derivation of porcine expanded potential stem cells from preimplantation embryos and by reprogramming somatic cells. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1710-1749. [PMID: 38509352 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pigs share anatomical and physiological traits with humans and can serve as a large-animal model for translational medicine. Bona fide porcine pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) could facilitate testing cell and drug therapies. Agriculture and biotechnology may benefit from the ability to produce immune cells for studying animal infectious diseases and to readily edit the porcine genome in stem cells. Isolating porcine PSCs from preimplantation embryos has been intensively attempted over the past decades. We previously reported the derivation of expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from preimplantation embryos and by reprogramming somatic cells of multiple mammalian species, including pigs. Porcine EPSCs (pEPSCs) self-renew indefinitely, differentiate into embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages, and permit precision genome editing. Here we present a highly reproducible experimental procedure and data of an optimized and robust porcine EPSC culture system and its use in deriving new pEPSC lines from preimplantation embryos and reprogrammed somatic cells. No particular expertise is required for the protocols, which take ~4-6 weeks to complete. Importantly, we successfully established pEPSC lines from both in vitro fertilized and somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos. These new pEPSC lines proliferated robustly over long-term passaging and were amenable to both simple indels and precision genome editing, with up to 100% targeting efficiency. The pEPSCs differentiated into embryonic cell lineages in vitro and teratomas in vivo, and into porcine trophoblast stem cells in human trophoblast stem cell medium. We show here that pEPSCs have unique epigenetic features, particularly H3K27me3 levels substantially lower than fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degong Ruan
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiyi Xuan
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy Theodore Ka Ki Tam
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - ZhuoXuan Li
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao Xu
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Doris Herrmann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar-Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Pentao Liu
- Center for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China.
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Chai Z, Wu J, Qi Z, Liu Y, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Jiang C, Liu Z. Molecular characterizations and functional roles of NANOG in early development of porcine embryos. Gene 2024; 892:147856. [PMID: 37778417 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanog homeobox (NANOG) is the gateway to the pluripotent ground state in mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos. However, understanding of the molecular signatures and functional characteristics of porcine NANOG remains limited. In this study, we analyzed the gene structure and sequence characteristics of porcine NANOG and found that the porcine NANOG gene is localized on chromosome 5, while NANOG sequence on chromosome 1 is the processed pseudogene. We explored the expression pattern of NANOG in porcine early embryos by immunofluorescence staining and Realtime-PCR and RNA-seq, the results showed that transcription of porcine NANOG commences at the 4-cell stage, while expression of the NANOG protein is initially observed in the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Furthermore, we identified a NANOG splicing variant in porcine early embryos, which maintain the overall structure of the original NANOG mRNA, except for a deletion of 38 base pairs in the second exon. To further investigate the function of NANOG in early embryo development in pigs, we employed siRNA-mediated deletion of the two specific transcripts on porcine zygotes. The results showed that blastocyst rate was significantly reduced after NANOG deleting. A significant decrease in the expression of DNA methylation-related gene DNMT3B was also observed in D3 embryo from the NANOG deleting group. In conclusion, the porcine NANOG gene, accompanied by a single-exon processed pseudogene, exhibits two transcripts and plays a pivotal role in the development of early-stage embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Chai
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zicheng Qi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanjiao Lv
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhuoran Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaoqian Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zhang ML, Jin Y, Zhao LH, Zhang J, Zhou M, Li MS, Yin ZB, Wang ZX, Zhao LX, Li XH, Li RF. Derivation of Porcine Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell Lines Reveals Distinct Signaling Pathway and Multipotency States. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312918. [PMID: 34884722 PMCID: PMC8657774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner cell mass of the pre-implantation blastocyst consists of the epiblast and hypoblast from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cells, respectively, can be derived. Importantly, each stem cell type retains the defining properties and lineage restriction of its in vivo tissue origin. We have developed a novel approach for deriving porcine XEN (pXEN) cells via culturing the blastocysts with a chemical cocktail culture system. The pXEN cells were positive for XEN markers, including Gata4, Gata6, Sox17, and Sall4, but not for pluripotent markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. The pXEN cells also retained the ability to undergo visceral endoderm (VE) and parietal endoderm (PE) differentiation in vitro. The maintenance of pXEN required FGF/MEK+TGFβ signaling pathways. The pXEN cells showed a stable phenotype through more than 50 passages in culture and could be established repeatedly from blastocysts or converted from the naïve-like ESCs established in our lab. These cells provide a new tool for exploring the pathways of porcine embryo development and differentiation and providing further reference to the establishment of porcine ESCs with potency of germline chimerism and gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Mei-Shuang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Bao Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
| | - Zi-Xin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
| | - Xi-He Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, China; (M.-L.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.-X.Z.)
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, Hohhot 011517, China;
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
| | - Rong-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; (Y.J.); (L.-H.Z.); (M.Z.); (M.-S.L.); (Z.-B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.L.); (R.-F.L.)
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Zhu Z, Wu X, Li Q, Zhang J, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhou Z, Pan Q, Yue W, Qin D, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhang R, Peng S, Li N, Zhang S, Lei A, Miao YL, Liu Z, Chen X, Wang H, Liao M, Hua J. Histone demethylase complexes KDM3A and KDM3B cooperate with OCT4/SOX2 to define a pluripotency gene regulatory network. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21664. [PMID: 34042215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotency gene regulatory network of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells(piPSCs), especially in epigenetics, remains elusive. To determine the biological function of epigenetics, we cultured piPSCs in different culture conditions. We found that activation of pluripotent gene- and pluripotency-related pathways requires the erasure of H3K9 methylation modification which was further influenced by mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) served feeder. By dissecting the dynamic change of H3K9 methylation during loss of pluripotency, we demonstrated that the H3K9 demethylases KDM3A and KDM3B regulated global H3K9me2/me3 level and that their co-depletion led to the collapse of the pluripotency gene regulatory network. Immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) provided evidence that KDM3A and KDM3B formed a complex to perform H3K9 demethylation. The genome-wide regulation analysis revealed that OCT4 (O) and SOX2 (S), the core pluripotency transcriptional activators, maintained the pluripotent state of piPSCs depending on the H3K9 hypomethylation. Further investigation revealed that O/S cooperating with histone demethylase complex containing KDM3A and KDM3B promoted pluripotency genes expression to maintain the pluripotent state of piPSCs. Together, these data offer a unique insight into the epigenetic pluripotency network of piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qun Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Liang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, North-East Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Huayan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Wu XL, Zhu ZS, Xiao X, Zhou Z, Yu S, Shen QY, Zhang JQ, Yue W, Zhang R, He X, Peng S, Zhang SQ, Li N, Liao MZ, Hua JL. LIN28A inhibits DUSP family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Zool Res 2021; 42:377-388. [PMID: 33998185 PMCID: PMC8175949 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LIN28A, an RNA-binding protein, plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown. We performed total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown. Furthermore, when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower (by 20%) than that in the negative control knockdown group (shNC), the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells. Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP (dual-specificity phosphatases) family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs. Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen-Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju-Qing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Ming-Zhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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Xiao Y, Amaral TF, Ross PJ, Soto DA, Diffenderfer KE, Pankonin AR, Jeensuk S, Tríbulo P, Hansen PJ. Importance of WNT-dependent signaling for derivation and maintenance of primed pluripotent bovine embryonic stem cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:52-63. [PMID: 33899086 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling system plays an important but paradoxical role in the regulation of pluripotency. In the cow, IWR-1, which inhibits canonical WNT activation and has WNT-independent actions, promotes the derivation of primed pluripotent embryonic stem cells from the blastocyst. Here, we describe a series of experiments to determine whether derivation of embryonic stem cells could be generated by replacing IWR-1 with other inhibitors of WNT signaling. Results confirm the importance of inhibition of canonical WNT signaling for the establishment of pluripotent embryonic stem cells in cattle and indicate that the actions of IWR-1 can be mimicked by the WNT secretion inhibitor IWP2 but not by the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 or WNT inhibitory protein dickkopf 1. The role of Janus kinase-mediated signaling pathways for the maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells was also evaluated. Maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells lines was blocked by a broad inhibitor of Janus kinase, even though the cells did not express phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Further studies with blastocysts indicated that IWR-1 blocks the activation of pSTAT3. A likely explanation is that IWR-1 blocks differentiation of embryonic stem cells into a pSTAT3+ lineage. In conclusion, results presented here indicate the importance of inhibition of WNT signaling for the derivation of pluripotent bovine embryonic stem cells, the role of Janus kinase signaling for maintenance of pluripotency, and the participation of IWR-1 in the inhibition of activation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thiago F Amaral
- Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Aimee R Pankonin
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Surawich Jeensuk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Livestock Development, Bureau of Biotechnology in Livestock Production, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paula Tríbulo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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7
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Reprogramming Porcine Fibroblast to EPSCs. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2239:199-211. [PMID: 33226621 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1084-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of porcine expanded potential stem cells (pEPSCs) provides an invaluable tool for investigation of porcine stem cell pluripotency and opens a venue for research in biotechnology, agriculture, and regenerative medicine. Since the derivation of pEPSC from porcine pre-implantation embryos has been demanding in resource supply and technical challenges, it is more feasible and convenient for most laboratories to derive this new type of porcine stem cells by reprogramming somatic cells. In this chapter, we describe the detailed procedures for reprogramming porcine fetal fibroblast cells to EPSCiPSC with the eight reprogramming factors cloned on the piggyBac vectors followed by a selection for pluripotent cells independent of transgene expression using the EPSC media. This technique allows the generation of pEPSCs for stem cell research, genome editing, biotechnology, and agriculture.
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Zhu Z, Pan Q, Zhao W, Wu X, Yu S, Shen Q, Zhang J, Yue W, Peng S, Li N, Zhang S, Lei A, Hua J. BCL2 enhances survival of porcine pluripotent stem cells through promoting FGFR2. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12932. [PMID: 33107129 PMCID: PMC7791183 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The establishment of porcine pluripotent stem cells (pPSCs) is still a critical topic. However, all pPSCs were failed to contribute to efficient chimeric pig and were extremely sensitive to changes of culture conditions. This study aimed to investigate the role of BCL2 in pPSCs and further explain the mechanism. Materials and Methods Porcine BCL2 gene was cloned and overexpressed in porcine induce pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). Digital RNA‐seq was performed to explain the mechanism of anti‐apoptosis. Finally, the cells carrying BCL2 were injected into mouse early embryo to evaluate its chimeric ability. Results Here, we found that overexpression of porcine BCL2 gene significantly improved the survivability of piPSCs and the efficiency of embryonic chimerism, and did not wreck the pluripotency of piPSCs. Furthermore, the Digital RNA‐seq analysis revealed that BCL2, as a downstream gene of the PI3K signal pathway, enhanced the expression of PI3K signal pathway receptors, such as FGFR2, and further promoted oxidoreductases activity and lipid metabolism, thus maintaining the survival and pluripotency of piPSCs. Conclusion Our data not only suggested that porcine BCL2 gene could enhance the survivability and chimeric ability of pPSCs, but also explained the positive feedback mechanism in this process, providing strong support for the chimeric experiment of pPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Anmin Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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9
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Navarro M, Soto DA, Pinzon CA, Wu J, Ross PJ. Livestock pluripotency is finally captured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:11-39. [PMID: 32188555 DOI: 10.1071/rd19272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have demonstrated great utility in improving our understanding of mammalian development and continue to revolutionise regenerative medicine. Thanks to the improved understanding of pluripotency in mice and humans, it has recently become feasible to generate stable livestock PSCs. Although it is unlikely that livestock PSCs will be used for similar applications as their murine and human counterparts, new exciting applications that could greatly advance animal agriculture are being developed, including the use of PSCs for complex genome editing, cellular agriculture, gamete generation and invitro breeding schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Navarro
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Delia A Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Pinzon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 450 Bioletti Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA; and Corresponding author.
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10
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Goszczynski DE, Cheng H, Demyda-Peyrás S, Medrano JF, Wu J, Ross PJ. In vitro breeding: application of embryonic stem cells to animal production†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:885-895. [PMID: 30551176 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts. For decades, attempts to efficiently derive ESCs in animal livestock species have been unsuccessful, but this goal has recently been achieved in cattle. Together with the recent reconstitution of the germ cell differentiation processes from ESCs in mice, these achievements open new avenues for the development of promising technologies oriented toward improving health, animal production, and the environment. In this article, we present a strategy that will notably accelerate genetic improvement in livestock populations by reducing the generational interval, namely in vitro breeding (IVB). IVB combines genomic selection, a widely used strategy for genetically improving livestock, with ESC derivation and in vitro differentiation of germ cells from pluripotent stem cells. We also review the most recent findings in the fields on which IVB is based. Evidence suggests this strategy will be soon within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sebastian Demyda-Peyrás
- Instituto de Genetica Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan F Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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11
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Chen Q, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhang M, Wang J, Zhao L, Wang C, Liu M, Li R. Conversion between porcine naïve-like and primed ESCs and specific pluripotency marker identification. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:412-423. [PMID: 32424450 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Researchers currently lack standardized porcine-specific markers that would aid in distinguishing the naïve and primed states of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, we converted naïve-like porcine ESCs (nESCs, established in our lab) into primed-state cells, and we proposed a set of molecular criteria for evaluating the naïve porcine ESCs by comparing the two cell states. The reverse-primed porcine ESCs (rpESCs) are phenotypically stable and karyotypically intact. Alkaline phosphatase positivity and the ability to form embryonic bodies suggest that rpESCs still retain the capacity for self-renewal. Lineage-associated genes, such as Cdx2, Sox17, Eomes, Foxa, Fgf5, and Pitx2, exhibited significant expression in rpESCs. Nonetheless, LIF/3i-grown porcine ESCs treated with the small molecular weight inhibitors CHIR99021, PD0325901, and SB431542 expressed the greatest number of pluripotency marker genes, including Oct4, Sox2, Nog, Dppa5, Nr0b1, and Klf4, and at higher levels than were observed in rpESCs. Despite their general trend toward higher expression of critical pluripotency factors, the nESCs showed downregulation of Tbx3, Nanog, and c-Myc, which are considered typical naïve factors in other species. Entry of the nESCs into the developmentally primed state was also associated with a marked reduction in Lin28 expression. These findings extend the knowledge of porcine pluripotency markers and provide a backdrop for future analysis of naïve porcine pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junzheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Haraguchi S, Dang-Nguyen TQ, Wells D, Fuchimoto D, Fukuda T, Tokunaga T. Establishment of porcine nuclear transfer-derived embryonic stem cells using induced pluripotent stem cells as donor nuclei. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:163-174. [PMID: 31983707 PMCID: PMC7175389 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2019-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether sequential reprogramming via porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) or exposure to oocyte cytoplasm following nuclear transfer could generate nuclear transfer-derived ESCs (piPSCs-ntESCs). Nuclear transfer embryos were reconstructed with piPSCs possessing a ZsGreen fluorescent marker for expression of exogenous Nanog and Lin28. Reconstructed oocytes developed to morphologically normal 8-cell/morulae (35/93, 37.6%) and blastocysts (12/93, 12.9%). Although most green fluorescent protein-positive blastocysts showed efficient outgrowth (8/10, 80%), none formed primary colonies and all cultures degenerated. Conversely, 15% of fluorescent positive 8-cell/morula stage embryos showed outgrowth (6/40), with three forming primary colonies (7.5%). All three were expanded and maintained as piPSC-ntESC lines. These cell lines expressed stem cell marker genes and proteins. Despite inactivation of one X chromosome, all piPSC-ntESC lines formed teratomas comprising derivatives from all three embryonic germ layers. Strong SSEA1, 3, and 4 expression was detected at the 8-cell/morula stage in embryos reconstructed from both piPSCs and porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs). SSEA3 was notably absent from IVF controls at pre-implantation embryo stages. Finally, we attempted to establish ntESCs from 8-cell/morulae reconstructed with PEFs using the same culture conditions as those for piPSC-ntESC derivation. Although eight primary colonies arose from 107 embryos (7.5%), they all degenerated after the first passage culture. Early and sustained expression of key reprogramming regulatory factors may be critical for pluripotent stem cell derivation to derive piPSC-ntESCs from 8-cell/morula stages, while the expression of SSEAs may be involved in the initial stem cell colony formation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Haraguchi
- Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - David Wells
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daiichiro Fuchimoto
- Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering and Molecular Genetics, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tokunaga
- Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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13
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Li Y, Wu S, Li X, Guo S, Cai Z, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Wnt signaling associated small molecules improve the viability of pPSCs in a PI3K/Akt pathway dependent way. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5811-5822. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhuang Cai
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhi Yin
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Laboratory of Embryo BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin China
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14
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Transcriptomic profiling of porcine pluripotency identifies species-specific reprogramming requirements for culturing iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Early embryogenesis is characterized by the segregation of cell lineages that fulfill critical roles in the establishment of pregnancy and development of the fetus. The formation of the blastocyst marks the emergence of extraembryonic precursors, needed for implantation, and of pluripotent cells, which differentiate toward the major lineages of the adult organism. The coordinated emergence of these cell types shows that these processes are broadly conserved in mammals. However, developmental heterochrony and changes in gene regulatory networks highlight unique evolutionary adaptations that may explain the diversity in placentation and in the mechanisms controlling pluripotency in mammals. The incorporation of new technologies, including single-cell omics, imaging, and gene editing, is instrumental for comparative embryology. Broadening the knowledge of mammalian embryology will provide new insights into the mechanisms driving evolution and development. This knowledge can be readily translated into biomedical and biotechnological applications in humans and livestock, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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16
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Gandolfi F, Arcuri S, Pennarossa G, Brevini TAL. New tools for cell reprogramming and conversion: Possible applications to livestock. Anim Reprod 2019; 16:475-484. [PMID: 32435291 PMCID: PMC7234139 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer and iPS are both forms of radical cell reprogramming able to transform a fully differentiated cell type into a totipotent or pluripotent cell. Both processes, however, are hampered by low efficiency and, in the case of iPS, the application to livestock species is uncertain. Epigenetic manipulation has recently emerged as an efficient and robust alternative method for cell reprogramming. It is based upon the use of small molecules that are able to modify the levels of DNA methylation with 5-azacitidyne as one of the most widely used. Among a number of advantages, it includes the fact that it can be applied to domestic species including pig, dog and cat. Treated cells undergo a widespread demethylation which is followed by a renewed methylation pattern induced by specific chemical stimuli that lead to the desired phenotype. A detailed study of the mechanisms of epigenetic manipulation revealed that cell plasticity is achieved through the combined action of a reduced DNA methyl transferase activity with an active demethylation driven by the TET protein family. Surprisingly the same combination of molecular processes leads to the transformation of fibroblasts into iPS and regulate the epigenetic changes that take place during early development and, hence, during reprogramming following SCNT. Finally, it has recently emerged that mechanic stimuli in the form of a 3D cell rearrangement can significantly enhance the efficiency of epigenetic reprogramming as well as of maintenance of pluripotency. Interestingly these mechanic stimuli act on the same mechanisms both in epigenetic cell conversion with 5-Aza-CR and in iPS. We suggest that the balanced combination of epigenetic erasing, 3D cell rearrangement and chemical induction can go a long way to obtain ad hoc cell types that can fully exploit the current exiting development brought by gene editing and animal cloning in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Arcuri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Italy
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17
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Gao X, Nowak-Imialek M, Chen X, Chen D, Herrmann D, Ruan D, Chen ACH, Eckersley-Maslin MA, Ahmad S, Lee YL, Kobayashi T, Ryan D, Zhong J, Zhu J, Wu J, Lan G, Petkov S, Yang J, Antunes L, Campos LS, Fu B, Wang S, Yong Y, Wang X, Xue SG, Ge L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Nie T, Li P, Wu D, Pei D, Zhang Y, Lu L, Yang F, Kimber SJ, Reik W, Zou X, Shang Z, Lai L, Surani A, Tam PPL, Ahmed A, Yeung WSB, Teichmann SA, Niemann H, Liu P. Establishment of porcine and human expanded potential stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:687-699. [PMID: 31160711 PMCID: PMC7035105 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We recently derived mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from individual blastomeres by inhibiting the critical molecular pathways that predispose their differentiation. EPSCs had enriched molecular signatures of blastomeres and possessed developmental potency for all embryonic and extra-embryonic cell lineages. Here, we report the derivation of porcine EPSCs, which express key pluripotency genes, are genetically stable, permit genome editing, differentiate to derivatives of the three germ layers in chimeras and produce primordial germ cell-like cells in vitro. Under similar conditions, human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be converted, or somatic cells directly reprogrammed, to EPSCs that display the molecular and functional attributes reminiscent of porcine EPSCs. Importantly, trophoblast stem-cell-like cells can be generated from both human and porcine EPSCs. Our pathway-inhibition paradigm thus opens an avenue for generating mammalian pluripotent stem cells, and EPSCs present a unique cellular platform for translational research in biotechnology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Nowak-Imialek
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Doris Herrmann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Degong Ruan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Chun Hang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Shakil Ahmad
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yin Lau Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Ryan
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jixing Zhong
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Guocheng Lan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stoyan Petkov
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Primate Center, Platform Degenerative Diseases, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Jian Yang
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliana Antunes
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Yong
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song-Guo Xue
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences and Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengtang Yang
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiangang Zou
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhouchun Shang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - William Shu Biu Yeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiner Niemann
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany.
- REBIRTH Centre of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Hannover Medical School (MHH), TwinCore, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Zhang M, Wang C, Jiang H, Liu M, Yang N, Zhao L, Hou D, Jin Y, Chen Q, Chen Y, Wang J, Dai Y, Li R. Derivation of novel naive-like porcine embryonic stem cells by a reprogramming factor-assisted strategy. FASEB J 2019; 33:9350-9361. [PMID: 31125263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802809r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of ungulate embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been notoriously difficult via a conventional approach. We combined a traditional ESC culture method with reprogramming factors to assist the establishment of porcine naive-like ESCs (nESCs). Pig embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with a tetracycline-inducible vector carrying 4 classic mouse reprogramming factors, followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer and culturing to the blastocyst stage. Then, the inner cell mass was isolated and seeded in culture medium. The naive-like ESCs had characteristic verys similar to those of mouse ESCs and showed no signs of altered morphology or differentiation, even after 130 passages. They depended on leukemia inhibitory factor signals for maintenance of pluripotency, and the female cell lines had low expression of the X-inactive specific transcript gene and no histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation spot. Notably, the ESCs differentiated into 3 germ layers in vitro and could be induced to undergo directional neural and kidney precursor differentiation under defined conditions, and the ESCs could keep proliferating after doxycycline was removed. nESCs can be established, and the well-characterized ESC lines will be useful for the research of transgenic pig models for human disease.-Zhang, M., Wang, C., Jiang, H., Liu, M., Yang, N., Zhao, L., Hou, D., Jin, Y., Chen, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Dai, Y., Li, R. Derivation of novel naive-like porcine embryonic stem cells by a reprogramming factor-assisted strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Manling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daorong Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junzheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Baek SK, Cho YS, Kim IS, Jeon SB, Moon DK, Hwangbo C, Choi JW, Kim TS, Lee JH. A Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Kinase Inhibitor, Y-27632, Improves Viability of Dissociated Single Cells, Efficiency of Colony Formation, and Cryopreservation in Porcine Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:37-50. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ki Baek
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Cho
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Sung Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Been Jeon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ky Moon
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Hou Z, An L, Han J, Yuan Y, Chen D, Tian J. Revolutionize livestock breeding in the future: an animal embryo-stem cell breeding system in a dish. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:90. [PMID: 30568797 PMCID: PMC6298008 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat and milk production needs to increase ~ 70–80% relative to its current levels for satisfying the human needs in 2050. However, it is impossible to achieve such genetic gain by conventional animal breeding systems. Based on recent advances with regard to in vitro induction of germ cell from pluripotent stem cells, herein we propose a novel embryo-stem cell breeding system. Distinct from the conventional breeding system in farm animals that involves selecting and mating individuals, the novel breeding system completes breeding cycles from parental to offspring embryos directly by selecting and mating embryos in a dish. In comparison to the conventional dairy breeding scheme, this system can rapidly achieve 30–40 times more genetic gain by significantly shortening generation interval and enhancing selection intensity. However, several major obstacles must be overcome before we can fully use this system in livestock breeding, which include derivation and mantaince of pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals, as well as in vitro induction of primordial germ cells, and subsequent haploid gametes. Thus, we also discuss the potential efforts needed in solving the obstacles for application this novel system, and elaborate on their groundbreaking potential in livestock breeding. This novel system would provide a revolutionary animal breeding system by offering an unprecedented opportunity for meeting the fast-growing meat and milk demand of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Hou
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei An
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- 2State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- 3Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Dongbao Chen
- 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jianhui Tian
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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21
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Ramos-Ibeas P, Nichols J, Alberio R. States and Origins of Mammalian Embryonic Pluripotency In Vivo and in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 128:151-179. [PMID: 29477162 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC), derived from preimplantation embryos in 1981, defined mammalian pluripotency for many decades. However, after the derivation of human ESC in 1998, comparative studies showed that different types of pluripotency exist in early embryos and that these can be captured in vitro under various culture conditions. Over the past decade much has been learned about the key signaling pathways, growth factor requirements, and transcription factor profiles of pluripotent cells in embryos, allowing improvement of derivation and culture conditions for novel pluripotent stem cell types. More recently, studies using single-cell transcriptomics of embryos from different species provided an unprecedented level of resolution of cellular interactions and cell fate decisions that are informing new ways to understand the emergence of pluripotency in different organisms. These new approaches enhance knowledge of species differences during early embryogenesis and will be instrumental for improving methodologies for generating intra- and interspecies chimeric animals using pluripotent stem cells. Here, we discuss the recent developments in our understanding of early embryogenesis in different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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22
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Fukuda T, Tani T, Haraguchi S, Donai K, Nakajima N, Uenishi H, Eitsuka T, Miyagawa M, Song S, Onuma M, Hoshino Y, Sato E, Honda A. Expression of Six Proteins Causes Reprogramming of Porcine Fibroblasts Into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells With Both Active X Chromosomes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:537-553. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fukuda
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences; Iwate University; 4-3-5, Ueda Morioka 020-8551 Iwate Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Advanced Bioscience; Faculty of Agriculture; Kindai University; 3327-204 Nakamachi Nara 631-8505 Japan
| | - Seiki Haraguchi
- Division of Animal Sciences; Animal Biotechnology Unit; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0901 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Donai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 981-8555 Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nakajima
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies; National Institute of Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit; Division of Animal Sciences; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); 1-2 Owashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8634 Japan
| | - Takahiro Eitsuka
- Faculty of Applied Life Sciences; Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Makoto Miyagawa
- Central Experimental Animal Center; Teikyo University School of Medicine; Japan
| | - Sanghoun Song
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science; Shimane University; Matsue Shimane Japan
| | - Manabu Onuma
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies; National Institute of Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yumi Hoshino
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Kagamiyama 1-4-4 Hiroshima 739-8528 Japan
| | - Eimei Sato
- National Livestock Breeding Center; Odakurahara, Odakura, Nishigo-mura, Nishishirakawa-gun Fukushima 961-8511 Japan
| | - Arata Honda
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track; University of Miyazaki; 5200 Kihara Kiyotake Miyazaki 889-1692 Japan
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23
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Derivation of Porcine Embryonic Stem-Like Cells from In Vitro-Produced Blastocyst-Stage Embryos. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25838. [PMID: 27173828 PMCID: PMC4865852 DOI: 10.1038/srep25838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient isolation of embryonic stem (ES) cells from pre-implantation porcine embryos has remained a challenge. Here, we describe the derivation of porcine embryonic stem-like cells (pESLCs) by seeding the isolated inner cell mass (ICM) from in vitro-produced porcine blastocyst into α-MEM with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The pESL cells kept the normal karyotype and displayed flatten clones, similar in phenotype to human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) and rodent epiblast stem cells. These cells exhibited alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expressed pluripotency markers such as OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81 as determined by both immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Additionally, these cells formed embryoid body (EB), teratomas and also differentiated into 3 germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis showed the expression of the pluripotency markers, PODXL, REX1, SOX2, KLF5 and NR6A1, was significantly higher compared with porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEF), but expression of OCT4, TBX3, REX1, LIN28A and DPPA5, was lower compared to the whole blastocysts or ICM of blastocyst. Our results showed that porcine embryonic stem-like cells can be established from in vitro-produced blastocyst-stage embryos, which promote porcine naive ES cells to be established.
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24
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Park KM, Lee J, Hussein KH, Hong SH, Yang SR, Lee E, Woo HM. Generation of liver-specific TGF-α/c-Myc-overexpressing porcine induced pluripotent stem-like cells and blastocyst formation using nuclear transfer. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:709-13. [PMID: 26725870 PMCID: PMC4873867 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic porcine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are attractive cell sources for
the development of genetically engineered pig models, because they can be expanded without
senescence and have the potential for multiple gene manipulation. They are also useful
cell sources for disease modeling and treatment. However, the generation of transgenic
porcine iPS cells is rare, and their embryonic development after nuclear transfer (NT) has
not yet been reported. We report here the generation of liver-specific oncogenes
(TGF-α/c-Myc)-overexpressing porcine iPS (T/M iPS)-like cells. They
expressed stem cell characteristics and were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells
that express oncogenes. We also confirmed that NT embryos derived from T/M iPS-like cells
successfully developed blastocysts in vitro. As an initial approach
toward porcine transgenic iPS cell generation and their developmental competence after NT,
this study provides foundations for the efficient generation of genetically modified
porcine iPS cells and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mee Park
- Stem Cell Institute-KNU, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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25
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Xue B, Li Y, He Y, Wei R, Sun R, Yin Z, Bou G, Liu Z. Porcine Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from IVF Embryos Contribute to Chimeric Development In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151737. [PMID: 26991423 PMCID: PMC4798268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pig is considered an important model of human disease and an ideal animal for the preclinical testing of cell transplantation, the utility of this model has been hampered by a lack of genuine porcine embryonic stem cells. Here, we derived a porcine pluripotent stem cell (pPSC) line from day 5.5 blastocysts in a newly developed culture system based on MXV medium and a 5% oxygen atmosphere. The pPSCs had been passaged more than 75 times over two years, and the morphology of the colony was similar to that of human embryonic stem cells. Characterization and assessment showed that the pPSCs were alkaline phosphatase (AKP) positive, possessed normal karyotypes and expressed classic pluripotent markers, including OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG. In vitro differentiation through embryonic body formation and in vivo differentiation via teratoma formation in nude mice demonstrated that the pPSCs could differentiate into cells of the three germ layers. The pPSCs transfected with fuw-DsRed (pPSC-FDs) could be passaged with a stable expression of both DsRed and pluripotent markers. Notably, when pPSC-FDs were used as donor cells for somatic nuclear transfer, 11.52% of the reconstructed embryos developed into blastocysts, which was not significantly different from that of the reconstructed embryos derived from porcine embryonic fibroblasts. When pPSC-FDs were injected into day 4.5 blastocysts, they became involved in the in vitro embryonic development and contributed to the viscera of foetuses at day 50 of pregnancy as well as the developed placenta after the chimeric blastocysts were transferred into recipients. These findings indicated that the pPSCs were porcine pluripotent cells; that this would be a useful cell line for porcine genetic engineering and a valuable cell line for clarifying the molecular mechanism of pluripotency regulation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yilong He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Renyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruizhen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhi Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Gerelchimeg Bou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Haraguchi S, Matsubara Y, Hosoe M. Chick embryos can form teratomas from microinjected mouse embryonic stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 58:194-204. [PMID: 26691605 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether chick embryos are a suitable experimental model for the evaluation of pluripotency of stem cells. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) expressing the reporter gene, LacZ or GFP were injected into the subgerminal cavity of blastoderms (freshly oviposited) or the marginal vein of chick embryos (2 days of incubation). Injected mESCs were efficiently incorporated into the body and extra-embryonic tissues of chick embryos and formed small clusters. Increased donor cell numbers injected were positively associated with the efficiency of chimera production, but with lower viability. A single mESC injected into the blastoderm proliferated into 34.7 ± 3.8 cells in 3 days, implying that the chick embryo provides an optimal environment for the growth of xenogenic cells. In the embryo body, mESCs were interspersed as small clustered chimeras in various tissues. Teratomas were observed in the yolk sac and the brain with three germ layers. In the yolk sac, clusters of mESCs gradually increased in volume and exhibited varied morphology such as a water balloon-like or dark-red solid mass. However, mESCs in the brain developed into a large soft tissue mass of whitish color and showed a tendency to differentiate into ectodermal lineage cells, including primitive neural ectodermal and neuronal cells expressing the neurofilament protein. These results indicate that chick embryos are useful for the teratoma formation assays of mESCs and have a broad-range potential as an experimental host model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Haraguchi
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsubara
- Animal Development and Differentiation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- Animal Development and Differentiation Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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27
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Park KM, Hussein KH, Ghim JH, Ahn C, Cha SH, Lee GS, Hong SH, Yang S, Woo HM. Hepatic differentiation of porcine embryonic stem cells for translational research of hepatocyte transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:775-9. [PMID: 25891729 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine embryonic stem cells (ES) are considered attractive preclinical research tools for human liver diseases. Although several studies previously reported generation of porcine ES, none of these studies has described hepatic differentiation from porcine ES. The aim of this study was to generate hepatocytes from porcine ES and analyze their characteristics. We optimized conditions for definitive endoderm induction and developed a 4-step hepatic differentiation protocol. A brief serum-free condition with activin A efficiently induced definitive endoderm differentiation from porcine ES. The porcine ES-derived hepatocyte-like cells highly expressed hepatic markers including albumin and α-fetoprotein, and displayed liver characteristics such as glycogen storage, lipid production, and low-density lipoprotein uptake. For the first time, we describe a highly efficient protocol for hepatic differentiation from porcine ES. Our findings provide valuable information for translational liver research using porcine models, including hepatic regeneration and transplant studies, drug screening, and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Park
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - K H Hussein
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J H Ghim
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - C Ahn
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S H Cha
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - G S Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S H Hong
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S Yang
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - H M Woo
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
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28
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Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
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29
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Fonseca SAS, Costas RM, Pereira LV. Searching for naïve human pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:649-656. [PMID: 25914771 PMCID: PMC4404399 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal mouse pluripotent stem cells were originally derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts and shown to be the in vitro equivalent of those pre-implantation embryonic cells, and thus were called embryonic stem cells (ESCs). More than a decade later, pluripotent cells were isolated from the ICM of human blastocysts. Despite being called human ESCs, these cells differ significantly from mouse ESCs, including different morphology and mechanisms of control of pluripotency, suggesting distinct embryonic origins of ESCs from the two species. Subsequently, mouse pluripotent stem cells were established from the ICM-derived epiblast of post-implantation embryos. These mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are morphological and epigenetically more similar to human ESCs. This raised the question of whether cells from the human ICM are in a more advanced differentiation stage than their murine counterpart, or whether the available culture conditions were not adequate to maintain those human cells in their in vivo state, leading to a transition into EpiSC-like cells in vitro. More recently, novel culture conditions allowed the conversion of human ESCs into mouse ESC-like cells called naïve (or ground state) human ESCs, and the derivation of naïve human ESCs from blastocysts. Here we will review the characteristics of each type of pluripotent stem cells, how (and whether) these relate to different stages of embryonic development, and discuss the potential implications of naïve human ESCs in research and therapy.
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30
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Siriboon C, Lin YH, Kere M, Chen CD, Chen LR, Chen CH, Tu CF, Lo NW, Ju JC. Putative porcine embryonic stem cell lines derived from aggregated four-celled cloned embryos produced by oocyte bisection cloning. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118165. [PMID: 25680105 PMCID: PMC4334543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We attempted to isolate ES cell lines using inner cell masses from high-quality cloned porcine blastocysts. After being seeded onto feeders, embryos had better (P < 0.05) attachment, outgrowth formation and primary colonization in both 2× and 3× aggregated cloned embryos (62.8, 42.6 and12.8% vs. 76.2, 55.2 and 26.2%, respectively) compared to the non-aggregated group (41.6, 23.4 and 3.9%). Effects of feeder types (STO vs. MEF) and serum sources (FBS vs. KSR) on extraction of cloned embryo-derived porcine ES cells were examined. More (17.1%) ntES cell lines over Passage 3 were generated in the MEF/KSR group. However, ntES cells cultured in KSR-supplemented medium had a low proliferation rate with defective morphology, and eventually underwent differentiation or apoptosis subsequently. Approximately 26.1, 22.7 and 35.7% of primary colonies were formed after plating embryos in DMEM, DMEM/F12 and α-MEM media, respectively. Survival rates of ntES cells cultured in α-MEM, DMEM and DMEM/F12 were 16.7, 4.3 and 6.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). We further examined the beneficial effect of TSA treatment of 3× aggregated cloned embryos on establishment of ntES cell lines. Primary colony numbers and survival rates of ntES cells beyond passage 3 were higher (P < 0.05) in those derived from TSA-treated 3× blastocysts (36.7 and 26.7%) than from the non-treated aggregated group (23.1 and 11.5%). These cells, remaining undifferentiated over 25 passages, had alkaline phosphatase activity and expressed ES specific markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex01. Moreover, these ntES cells successfully differentiated into embryoid bodies (EBs) that expressed specific genes of all three germ layers after being cultured in LIF-free medium. In conclusion, we have successfully derived putative porcine ntES cells with high efficiency from quality cloned embryos produced by embryo aggregation, and optimized the ES cell culture system suitable for establishing and maintaining ntES cell lines in undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Siriboon
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Michel Kere
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Da Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lih-Ren Chen
- Division of Physiology, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hong Chen
- Agriculture Technology Research Institute 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Fu Tu
- Agriculture Technology Research Institute 1, Ln. 51, Dahu Rd., Xiangshan Dist., Hsinchu City, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Neng-Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University 181, Sec. 3, Taichung Harbor Road, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Core Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Agricultural Biotechnology and Biotechnology Centers, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Computer Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- * E-mail:
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31
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Grupen CG. The evolution of porcine embryo in vitro production. Theriogenology 2014; 81:24-37. [PMID: 24274407 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro production of porcine embryos has presented numerous challenges to researchers over the past four decades. Some of the problems encountered were specific to porcine gametes and embryos and needed the concerted efforts of many to overcome. Gradually, porcine embryo in vitro production systems became more reliable and acceptable rates of blastocyst formation were achieved. Despite the significant improvements, the problem of polyspermic fertilization has still not been adequately resolved and the embryo in vitro culture conditions are still considered to be suboptimal. Whereas early studies focused on increasing our understanding of the reproductive processes involved, the technology evolved to the point where in vitro-matured oocytes and in vitro-produced embryos could be used as research material for developing associated reproductive technologies, such as SCNT and embryo cryopreservation. Today, the in vitro procedures used to mature oocytes and culture embryos are integral to the production of transgenic pigs by SCNT. This review discusses the major achievements, advances, and knowledge gained from porcine embryo in vitro production studies and highlights the future research perspectives of this important technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Grupen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
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32
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Petkov S, Hyttel P, Niemann H. The small molecule inhibitors PD0325091 and CHIR99021 reduce expression of pluripotency-related genes in putative porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:235-40. [PMID: 24960205 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and glycogen synthesis kinase 3 (Gsk3) have been essential in the establishment and maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from rats and from nonpermissive mouse strains. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding their efficacy in the establishment and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells from other species. Here, we investigated the effects of PD0325091 (PD; a MEK inhibitor) and CHIR99021 (CH; a Gsk3β inhibitor) on the reprogramming of porcine fetal fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). Primary cultures treated with the two inhibitors (2i) showed a reduced number of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies and a lower percentage of OCT4-expressing cells compared with the cultures grown with basic medium, which was supplemented with murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Moreover, the piPS-like cell lines established under 2i conditions expressed significantly lower levels of pluripotency markers, including OCT4, SOX2, REX1, UTF1, STELLA, TDH, and CHD1, compared with the controls. To test the short-term effects of the small molecule inhibitors, piPS-like cells that had been established in basic culture medium were cultured for five passages in medium supplemented with 2i or PD or CH individually. In accordance with the first experiment, expression levels of most pluripotency genes declined in cultures treated with inhibitors, although the response to each inhibitory molecule varied for the different genes. Results of this study concur with previous reports and cast doubts on the effectiveness of CH and PD in the reprogramming of porcine somatic cells to pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Petkov
- 1 Institute for Farm Animal Genetics (FLI) , Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany , 31535
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33
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Dolezalova D, Hruska-Plochan M, Bjarkam CR, Sørensen JCH, Cunningham M, Weingarten D, Ciacci JD, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Motlik J, Hefferan MP, Hazel T, Johe K, Carromeu C, Muotri A, Bui J, Strnadel J, Marsala M. Pig models of neurodegenerative disorders: Utilization in cell replacement-based preclinical safety and efficacy studies. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2784-801. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Dolezalova
- Department of Anesthesiology; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | | | - Carsten R. Bjarkam
- Department of Neurosurgery; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine; Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus; Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Miles Cunningham
- MRC 312, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Belmont MA 02478 USA
| | - David Weingarten
- UCSD Division of Neurosurgery; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Joseph D. Ciacci
- UCSD Division of Neurosurgery; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences; 277 21 Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences; 277 21 Libechov Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences; 277 21 Libechov Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Cassiano Carromeu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Alysson Muotri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Jack Bui
- Department of Pathology; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Jan Strnadel
- Department of Pathology; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology; University of California; San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Kosice Slovakia
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34
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Huang X, Han X, Uyunbilig B, Zhang M, Duo S, Zuo Y, Zhao Y, Yun T, Tai D, Wang C, Li J, Li X, Li R. Establishment of bovine trophoblast stem-like cells from in vitro-produced blastocyst-stage embryos using two inhibitors. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1501-14. [PMID: 24605918 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophoblast (TR) is the first to differentiate during mammalian embryogenesis and play a pivotal role in the development of the placenta. We used a dual inhibitor system (PD0325901 and CHIR99021) with mixed feeders to successfully obtain bovine trophoblast stem-like (bTS) cells, which were similar in phenotype to mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). The bTS cells that were generated using this system continually proliferated, displayed a normal diploid karyotype, and had no signs of altered morphology or differentiation even after 150 passages. These cells exhibited alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expressed pluripotency markers, such as OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, and TR lineage markers such as CDX2, as determined by both immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, these cells generated dome-like structures, formed teratomas when injected into NOD-SCID mice, and differentiated into placenta TR cells in vitro. The microarray analysis of bTS cells showed high expression levels of many TR markers, such as TEAD4, EOMES, GATA3, ETS2, TFAP2A, ELF5, SMARCA4 (BRG1), CDH3, MASH2, HSD17B1, CYP11A1, PPARG, ID2, GCM1, HAND1, TDK, PAG, IFN-τ, and THAP11. The expression of many pluripotency markers, such as OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and GDF3, was lower in bTS cells compared with in vitro-produced blastocysts; however, compared with bovine fetal fibroblasts, the expression of these pluripotency markers was elevated in bTS cells. The DNA methylation status of the promoter regions of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 was investigated, which were significantly higher in bTS cells (OCT4 23.90%, NANOG 74.40%, and SOX2 8.50%) compared with blastocysts (OCT4 8.90%, NANOG 34.4%, and SOX2 3.80%). In contrast, two promoter regions of CDX2 were hypomethylated in bTS cells (13.80% and 3.90%) compared with blastocysts (18.80% and 9.10%). The TSC lines that were established in this study may be used either for basic research that is focused on peri-implantation and placenta development or as donor cells for transgenic animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Huang
- 1 The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot, China
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35
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Dang-Nguyen TQ, Viet-Linh N, Somfai T, Haraguchi S, Xuan Nguyen B. Development of large and small blastomeres from 2-cell embryos produced in vitro in pigs. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:517-23. [PMID: 24506151 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the development to blastocysts of large and small blastomeres from unevenly cleaved 2-cell embryos (uneven 2-cell embryos) in pigs. Proportion of blastocysts derived from large blastomeres (52.8 ± 6.4%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with small ones (32.1 ± 4.6%). However, there were no differences in total cell number, inner cell mass (ICM) cell number and ICM/total cells ratio between them. Of 53 sister blastomere pairs in the same embryos examined there were 12 pairs (22.6%) in which both blastomeres developed to blastocysts, 16 pairs (30.2%) in which only large blastomeres developed to blastocysts, and five pairs (9.4%) in which only small blastomeres developed to blastocysts. Relative total amount of active mitochondria in small blastomeres were lower (P<0.05) than that of large blastomeres and blastomeres from evenly cleaved 2-cell embryos. However, there was no difference in relative density of active mitochondria in these three types of blastomeres. In conclusion, blastocysts derived from small and large blastomeres in uneven 2-cell embryos had comparable quality in terms of cell number, ICM number, ICM/total cell ratio and distribution of active mitochondria. The results suggest that these blastomeres may contribute multiple offspring production in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Animal Breeding and Reproduction Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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36
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Dang-Nguyen TQ, Haraguchi S, Kikuchi K, Somfai T, Bodó S, Nagai T. Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes porcine oocyte maturation and is accompanied by activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Mol Reprod Dev 2013; 81:230-9. [PMID: 24307388 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We produced recombinant porcine leukemia inhibitory factor (pLIF) and examined its effect on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and their developmental competence after in vitro fertilization. Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in a medium supplemented with pLIF during the first 22 hr, last 22 hr, or entire 44 hr duration of IVM. Oocytes in all groups tended to show enhanced nuclear maturation rates by the metaphase II (MII) stage (76.1%, 82.1%, and 86.6%, respectively) compared to the without-pLIF treatment group (69.6%, control). A significant increase in MII rate (P < 0.05) and obvious induction of cumulus expansion were observed over the whole time span (44 hr) in the IVM group. When cumulus cells were removed at 22 hr and denuded oocytes were further cultured, pLIF showed no effect on maturation rate. Oocytes matured in pLIF-supplemented medium showed a tendency for more rapid blastocyst development (21.1% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.0715). Examination of transcripts and proteins of the LIF signaling pathway in COCs revealed that LIF, LIF receptors, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are present in both cumulus cells and oocytes. The amount of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) markedly increased in both cumulus cells and oocytes cultured in pLIF-supplemented media, although oocyte p-STAT3 disappeared after 44 hr of IVM. These results suggest that the LIF/STAT3 pathway is functional during IVM of porcine oocytes, and supplementing pLIF in the IVM medium can improve oocyte maturation by activating this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Animal Breeding and Reproduction Division, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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37
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Dang-Nguyen TQ, Haraguchi S, Furusawa T, Somfai T, Kaneda M, Watanabe S, Akagi S, Kikuchi K, Tajima A, Nagai T. Downregulation of histone methyltransferase genes SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 increases telomere length in embryonic stem-like cells and embryonic fibroblasts in pigs. J Reprod Dev 2012; 59:27-32. [PMID: 23018532 PMCID: PMC3943233 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere is a nucleoprotein structure at the ends of chromosomes that helps to protect
the ends of chromosomes from being fused with other chromosomes. Knockout of histone
methyltransferases Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 increases the telomere length in murine cells,
whereas downregulation of SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 genes
decreases the telomere length in human cells, suggesting that telomere biology is
different among mammalian species. However, epigenetic regulation of the telomere has not
been studied in mammals other than the human and mouse. In the present study, the effect
of knockdown of SUV39H1 and SUV39H2 genes on telomere
length was examined in porcine embryonic stem-like cells (pESLCs) and porcine embryonic
fibroblasts (PEFs). The telomeres in SUV39H1 and SUV39H2
knockdown (SUV39KD) pESLCs (37.1 ± 0.9 kb) were longer (P<0.05) compared with those of
the control (33.0 ± 0.7 kb). Similarly, SUV39KD PEFs had longer telomeres (22.1 ± 0.4 kb;
P<0.05) compared with the control (17.8 ± 1.1 kb). Telomerase activities were not
different between SUV39KD pESLCs (10.4 ± 1.7) and the control (10.1 ± 1.7) or between
SUV39KD PEFs (1.0 ± 0.3) and the control (1.0 ± 0.4), suggesting that telomerase
activities did not contribute to the telomere elongation in SUV39KD pESLCs and SUV39KD
PEFs. Relative levels of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and expressions of
DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B were
decreased in SUV39KD cells, suggesting that telomere lengthening in SUV39KD pESLCs and
SUV39KD PEFs might be not only related to the loss of histone modification marks but also
linked to the decrease in DNA methyltransferase in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Quang Dang-Nguyen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
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