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Alesci A, Marino S, D'Iglio C, Morgante S, Miller A, Rigano G, Ferri J, Fernandes JMO, Capillo G. Investigating Development and Defense Systems in Early Reproductive Stages of Male and Female Gonads in Black Scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 39194525 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the most crucial biological indicators in tracking long-term variations in the reproductive cycle is sexual development. Scorpaena porcus (Linnaeus, 1758), commonly known as the black scorpionfish, is a small teleost from the family Scorpaenidae. Much is known about its ecology, but data on its reproductive and defense systems are still lacking. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as piscidins, are integral components of the innate immune system in fish. These peptides exhibit a wide range of activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa and act as the first line of host defense. This study aims to investigate the primary sexual development stages in male and female gonads of black scorpionfish, providing additional knowledge on the reproductive biology of this teleost while evaluating concomitant changes in the expression of a Piscidin-1 antimicrobial peptide. The results show a histological, morpho-structural change from the immature stage to the developing virgin stage. Immunohistochemical analyses show that germinal and somatic cells are strongly reactive to Piscidin-1 in both gonads at an early ontogeny stage. These data suggest that Piscidin-1 may play a key role in the local defense system of scorpionfish gonads at this delicate stage, which is critical for the continuation and maintenance of the species. The present findings are potentially useful for a better understanding of the reproductive cycle of this fish, improving our knowledge of the interaction between the immune system and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Iglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Morgante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Josipa Ferri
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Sea in Health and Life SRL., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98164 Messina, Italy
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2
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Moraleda-Prados J, Caballero-Huertas M, Valdivieso A, Joly S, Ji J, Roher N, Ribas L. Epigenetic differences in the innate response after immune stimulation during zebrafish sex differentiation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103848. [PMID: 32888969 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections are able to trigger epigenetic modifications; however, epigenetic-mediating infections in the immune system in fish is currently unavailable. Within this purpose, zebrafish were immune-stimulated with three lipopolysaccharides (LPS) during sex differentiation. Methylation patterns of three immune genes were studied by a candidate gene approach together with gene expression analysis, and in adulthood, sex ratios were determined. It was shown that the entrance of LPS was through the gills and accumulated in the pronephros. Significant hypomethylation levels of CASP9 and a significant CpG site for IL1β after Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS exposure were found. No methylation difference was observed for TNFα. Gene expression and correlation data differed among studied genes. Sex ratios showed a feminization in dose and LPS strain-dependent manner. Here, it is provided epigenetic regulatory mechanisms derived by innate response and the first evidence of possible epigenetic interactions between the immune and reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moraleda-Prados
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Caballero-Huertas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology (IEA), Department of Environmental Sciences. Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona (UdG), Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Valdivieso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Joly
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ji
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Dep. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - N Roher
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Dep. de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ribas
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Valero Y, López-Cánovas AE, Rodenas MC, Cabas I, García-Hernández P, Arizcun M, García-Ayala A, Chaves-Pozo E. Endocrine disrupter chemicals affect the humoral antimicrobial activities of gilthead seabream males even upon the cease of the exposure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7966. [PMID: 32409650 PMCID: PMC7224181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
17α-ethynilestradiol (EE2) and tamoxifen (Tmx) are pollutants world-wide distributed in aquatic environments. Gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., is highlighted as a species model of intensively culture in anthropogenic disturbed environments. The effects of these pollutants on gilthead seabream reproduction and some immune responses have been described but, the humoral innate antimicrobial activities have never received attention. In this work we analysed the latest in the plasma of gilthead seabream males of different ages and reproductive stages treated with 0, 2.5, 5 or 50 μg EE2 or 100 μg Tmx g-1 food during different times of exposure and of reverting to commercial diet (recovery). The peroxidase and protease activities decreased as the spermatogenesis of the first reproductive cycle (RC) proceeded in control fish. However, only protease and antiprotease activities showed different level at different stages of the second RC in control fish, but showed scarce disruption in fish treated with EE2 or Tmx. Peroxidase and bactericide activities are more sensitive to EE2, than to Tmx. The effects induced by EE2 varied depending on the activity analyzed, the dose and the time of exposure and the reproductive stage and the age of the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amanda E López-Cánovas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Rodenas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain.
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Caballero-Huertas M, Moraleda-Prados J, Joly S, Ribas L. Immune genes, IL1β and Casp9, show sexual dimorphic methylation patterns in zebrafish gonads. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:648-655. [PMID: 31830572 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is crosstalk between the immune and reproductive systems in which sexual dimorphism is a common pattern in vertebrates. In recent years, epigenetics has emerged as a way to study the molecular mechanisms involved in gonadal development, those responsible for integrating environmental information that contribute to assigning a specific sexual phenotype (either an ovary or a testis). The knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in certain molecular processes allows the development of epigenetic markers. In fish gonads, the existence of reproduction-immune system interactions is known, although the epigenetic mechanisms involved are far from clear. Here, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study the DNA methylation patterns in gonads of two well-known innate immune genes: IL1β and Casp9. DNA methylation levels were studied by a candidate gene approach at single nucleotide resolution and gene expression analyses were also carried out. Results showed that there was clear sexual dimorphism in the DNA methylation levels of the two immune genes studied, being significantly higher in the testes when compared to the ovaries. In summary, and although further research is needed, this paper presents sexual dimorphic methylation patterns of two immune-related genes, thus sex-biased differences in methylation profiles should considered when analyzing immune responses in fish. Data showed here can help to develop epimarkers with forthcoming applications in livestock and fish farming production, for example, in immune fish diseases or sexual control programs as epigenetic molecular tools to predict environmental pressure in the gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caballero-Huertas
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Moraleda-Prados
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Joly
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Ribas
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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de Siqueira-Silva DH, da Silva Rodrigues M, Nóbrega RH. Testis structure, spermatogonial niche and Sertoli cell efficiency in Neotropical fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:218-226. [PMID: 30195025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical icthyofauna represents one of the most diverse and extreme ecosystems in the world. Likewise, reproduction showed enormous diversity with different reproductive systems, modes and behavior. On the other hand, information on Neotropical fish species, in particular on male reproductive physiology is restricted to few species. This mini-review aimed to compile the existing information on spermatogenesis of Neotropical teleosts focusing on testis structure, spermatogonial niche and Sertoli cell efficiency. The first topic covers the histological analysis of the testicular structure, showing a conserved testicular pattern in relation to the phylogenetic position: basal species present anastomosing tubular testis (e.g. Astyanax altiparanae, Conorhynchos conirostris, Pimelodus maculatus, Lophiosilurus alexandri, Rhinelepis aspera, among others), while derived teleosts showed lobular testis (e.g. Cichlasoma dimerus, Cichla kelberi, Odontesthes bonariensis, Synbranchus marmoratus and others). Next to testicular structure, existing data showed that type A undifferentiated spermatogonia (Aund) is differentially distributed among the Neotropical species. Aund can be restricted at the blind-end of the germinal compartment (O. bonariensis), or spread along the germinal epithelium (A. altiparanae), or even distributed along the germinal epithelium but concentrated at the blind-end (C. kelberi and C. intermedia). Moreover, recent studies in A. altiparanae have demonstrated that within the germinal compartment, Aund have a preferential distribution in areas neighboring the interstitial compartment - the spermatogonial niche. The proximity with the interstitium suggests that interstitial cells, such as Leydig cells, are important for Aund maintenance in the testis. Finally, this mini-review highlighted Sertoli cell efficiency, showing that a single Sertoli cell can support a higher number of germ cells (80-140 spermatids) in Neotropical species evaluated at the moment (e.g. A. altiparanae, Hoplias malabaricus, Poecilia reticulata, Serrasalmus spilopleura, C. intermedia). Overall, this review provided basic and functional information on spermatogenesis of Neotropical species. More studies in this field are necessary since Neotropical region is considered one of the hotspot regions to discovery new species providing, therefore, new opportunities to investigate spermatogenesis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva
- Group of Studies on the Reproduction of Amazon fish (GERPA/LANEC), PPG in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), University of South and Southern of Pará (Unifesspa), Marabá, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil; Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Jaboticabal Campus, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil.
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6
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Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Action of the Metalloproteinases in Gonadal Remodeling during Sex Reversal in the Sequential Hermaphroditism of the Teleostei Fish Synbranchus marmoratus (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae). Cells 2018; 7:cells7050034. [PMID: 29695033 PMCID: PMC5981258 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleostei present great plasticity regarding sex change. During sex reversal, the whole gonad including the germinal epithelium undergoes significant changes, remodeling, and neoformation. However, there is no information on the changes that occur within the interstitial compartment. Considering the lack of information, especially on the role played by metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fish gonadal remodeling, the aim of this study was to evaluate the action of MMPs on gonads of sex reversed females of Synbranchus marmoratus, a fresh water protogynic diandric fish. Gonads were processed for light microscopy and blood samples were used for the determination of plasma sex steroid levels. During sex reversal, degeneration of the ovaries occurred and were gradually replaced by the germinal tissue of the male. The action of the MMPs induces significant changes in the interstitial compartment, allowing the reorganization of germinal epithelium. Leydig cells also showed an important role in female to male reversion. The gonadal transition coincides with changes in circulating sex steroid levels throughout sex reversion. The action of the MMPs, in the gonadal remodeling, especially on the basement membrane, is essential for the establishment of a new functional germinal epithelium.
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8
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García-García M, Liarte S, Gómez-González NE, García-Alcázar A, Pérez-Sánchez J, Meseguer J, Mulero V, García-Ayala A, Chaves-Pozo E. Cimetidine disrupts the renewal of testicular cells and the steroidogenesis in a hermaphrodite fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 189:44-53. [PMID: 27475025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of histamine in the physiology of the testis in mammals and reptiles has been recently shown. Histamine receptors (Hrs) are well conserved in fish and are functional in several fish species. We report here for the first time that histamine and the mRNA of Hrh1, Hrh2 and Hrh3 are all present in the gonad of the hermaphrodite teleost fish gilthead seabream. Moreover, cimetidine, which acts in vitro as an agonist of Hrh1 and Hrh2 on this species, was intraperitoneally injected in one and two years old gilthead seabream males. After three and five days of cimetidine injection, we found that this compound differently modified the gonadal hrs transcript levels and affects the testicular cell renewal and the gene expression of steroidogenesis-related molecules as well as the serum steroid levels. Our data point to cimetidine as a reproductive disruptor and elucidate a role for histamine in the gonad of this hermaphrodite fish species through Hr signalling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cimetidine/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
- Fish Proteins/drug effects
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones/biosynthesis
- Hermaphroditic Organisms
- Histamine H2 Antagonists/toxicity
- Male
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H1/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H2/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H2/metabolism
- Receptors, Histamine H3/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H3/genetics
- Receptors, Histamine H3/metabolism
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Sea Bream/genetics
- Sea Bream/growth & development
- Sea Bream/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/metabolism
- Testis/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-García
- Sección de Microscopía, Servicio de Apoyo a la Investigación, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Sergio Liarte
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria E Gómez-González
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture of Torre la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain.
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Rodenas MC, Cabas I, Abellán E, Meseguer J, Mulero V, García-Ayala A. Tamoxifen persistently disrupts the humoral adaptive immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:283-292. [PMID: 26234710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the possible effect of pharmaceutical compounds may have on the fish immune system. Bath exposition of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives, altered the immune response of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a marine hermaphrodite teleost. Tamoxifen (Tmx) is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator used in hormone replacement therapy, the effects of which are unknown in fish immunity. This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary administration of EE2 (5 μg/g food) and Tmx (100 μg/g food) on the immune response of gilthead seabream, and the capacity of the immune system to recover its functionality after a recovery period. The results show for the first time the reversibility of the effect of EE2 and Tmx on the fish immune response. Tmx promoted a transient alteration in hepatic vitellogenin gene expression of a different magnitude to that produced by EE2. Both, EE2 and Tmx inhibited the induction of interleukin-1β gene expression while reversed the inhibition of ROI production in leukocytes following vaccination. However, none of these effects were observed after ceasing EE2 and Tmx exposure. EE2 and Tmx stimulated the antibody response of vaccinated fish although Tmx, but not EE2, altered the antibody response and modulated the percentage of IgM(+) B lymphocytes of vaccinated fish during the recovery phase. Taken together, our results suggest that EE2 and Tmx might alter the capacity of fish to appropriately respond to infection and show that Tmx has a long-lasting effect on humoral adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rodenas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - E Abellán
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - V Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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10
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Valero Y, Sánchez-Hernández M, García-Alcázar A, García-Ayala A, Cuesta A, Chaves-Pozo E. Characterization of the annual regulation of reproductive and immune parameters on the testis of European sea bass. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:215-29. [PMID: 25896883 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., is a seasonal gonochoristic species, the males of which are generally mature during their second year of life. It has been demonstrated that cytokines and immune cells play a key role in the testicular development. This reproductive-immune interaction might be very important in the sea bass since several pathogens are able to colonise the gonad and persist in this tissue, altering further reproductive functions and spreading disease. This study aims to investigate the reproductive cycle of 1-year European sea bass males by analysing cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression profile of some reproductive and immune-related genes in the testis, as well as the serum sex steroid levels. Our data demonstrate that, in 1-year-old European sea bass males, the testis undergoes the spermatogenesis process and that the reproductive and immune parameters analysed varied during the reproductive cycle. In the testis, the highest proliferative rates were recorded at the spermatogenesis stage, while the highest apoptotic rates were recorded at the spawning stage. We have also analysed, for the first time in European sea bass males, the serum levels of 17β-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone and the gene expression profile of the enzymes implied in their production, determining that at least E2 might be involved in the regulation of the reproductive cycle. Some immune relevant genes, including cytokines, lymphocyte receptors, and anti-viral and anti-bacterial molecules were detected in the testis of naïve European sea bass specimens, and their expression profile was related to the stages of the reproductive cycle, suggesting an important role for the defence of the reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n., Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain.
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11
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Cabas I, Chaves-Pozo E, García-Alcázar A, Meseguer J, Mulero V, García-Ayala A. The effect of 17α-ethynylestradiol on steroidogenesis and gonadal cytokine gene expression is related to the reproductive stage in marine hermaphrodite fish. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4973-92. [PMID: 24335523 PMCID: PMC3877897 DOI: 10.3390/md11124973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollutants have been reported to disrupt the endocrine system of marine animals, which may be exposed through contaminated seawater or through the food chain. Although 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a drug used in hormone therapies, is widely present in the aquatic environment, current knowledge on the sensitivity of marine fish to estrogenic pollutants is limited. We report the effect of the dietary intake of 5 µg EE2/g food on different processes of testicular physiology, ranging from steroidogenesis to pathogen recognition, at both pre-spermatogenesis (pre-SG) and spermatogenesis (SG) reproductive stages, of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), a marine hermaphrodite teleost. A differential effect between pre-SG and SG specimens was detected in the sex steroid serum levels and in the expression profile of some steroidogenic-relevant molecules, vitellogenin, double sex- and mab3-related transcription factor 1 and some hormone receptors. Interestingly, EE2 modified the expression pattern of some immune molecules involved in testicular physiology. These differences probably reflect a developmental adjustment of the sensitivity to EE2 in the gilthead seabream gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia 30860, Spain; E-Mails: (E.C.-P.); (A.G.-A.)
| | - Alicia García-Alcázar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia 30860, Spain; E-Mails: (E.C.-P.); (A.G.-A.)
| | - José Meseguer
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; E-Mails: (I.C.); (J.M.); (V.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-868-884-968; Fax: +34-868-883-963
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Husain M, Bird S, van Zwieten R, Secombes CJ, Wang T. Cloning of the IL-1β3 gene and IL-1β4 pseudogene in salmonids uncovers a second type of IL-1β gene in teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:431-446. [PMID: 22889890 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To date two closely related interleukin-1β genes (IL-1β1 and IL-β2) have been found in salmonids. The cloning of trout and salmon IL-1β3, and a salmon IL-1β4 pseudogene reveals that two types of IL-1β genes exist in teleost species. Type I teleost IL-1β genes, including salmonid IL-1β3, share a similar 6 coding exon structure as in tetrapods. Type II teleost IL-1β genes, e.g. salmonid IL-1β1-2, lack one or two coding exons at their 5'-end, and share higher identities within this subgroup than within the type I subgroup. Both types of IL-1β genes have been found in species of Salmoniformes, Perciformes and Beloniformes, suggesting the divergence occurred early in teleost evolution. Trout IL-1β3 is highly expressed in ovary suggesting a role in reproduction. A relatively high constitutive expression in gills, spleen and kidney and the up-regulation by PAMPs, proinflammatory cytokines and viral infection suggests IL-1β3 also has a role in inflammation and host defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansourah Husain
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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Dietary intake of 17α-ethinylestradiol promotes leukocytes infiltration in the gonad of the hermaphrodite gilthead seabream. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:2079-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Castillo-Briceño P, Cabas I, Arizcun M, Meseguer J, Mulero V, García-Ayala A. Identification of a β1 integrin isoform with restricted tissue expression in a teleost fish. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:654-64. [DOI: 10.1071/rd10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and organisation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related molecules change during development. These components interact with different cell surface receptors to modulate the transduction of signals for cell growth, differentiation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Previous findings in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei), a marine protandrous hermaphrodite fish, showed that endocrine and immune stimuli are able to modulate the expression of ECM-related molecules, as well as specific correlations between them. In the present study, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the gene expression profile of β1 integrin isoform b (ITGB1b) and its possible role in reproductive physiology, especially in relation to spermatogenesis. Expression profiles were analysed in the context of the reproductive cycle (RC) and in relation with other ECM-related molecules, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, tissue-specific inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2a, TIMP-2b, collagen (COL1A1) and ITGB1a. Expression of ITGB1b was found in the testis and brain and, to some extent, in endothelial cells. In contrast, ITGB1a was expressed ubiquitously. In the testis, the ITGB1b expression peaked during spermatogenesis, whereas the expression of the other ECM-related molecules is induced mainly during the post-spawning stage, both stages of marked tissue remodelling during the first and second RC in males. In addition, in fish exposed to the endocrine disruptor 17α-ethynyloestradiol (at 5 and 50 μg g–1 food during 7, 14 and 21 days), ITGB1b expression in the testis was inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner and was related to reduced serum levels of testosterone. Together, these results suggest a different functionality for the two ITGB1 isoforms in the gilthead seabream, where ITGB1b is more specifically involved in reproduction. This is the first report of an ITGB1 gene isoform whose expression is restricted to endocrine-related tissues in vertebrates.
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