1
|
Tang F, Hummitzsch K, Rodgers RJ. RNAseq analysis of oocyte maturation from the germinal vesicle stage to metaphase II in pig and human. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305893. [PMID: 39121087 PMCID: PMC11315340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
During maturation oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage progress to metaphase II (MII). However, during in vitro maturation a proportion often fail to progress. To understand these processes, we employed RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptome profile of these three groups of oocytes from the pig. We compared our findings with similar public oocyte data from humans. The transcriptomes in oocytes that failed to progress was similar to those that did. We found in both species, the most upregulated genes in MII oocytes were associated with chromosome segregation and cell cycle processes, while the most down regulated genes were relevant to ribosomal and mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, those genes involved in chromosome segregation during GV to MII transition were conserved in pig and human. We also compared MII and GV oocyte transcriptomes at the isoform transcript level in both species. Several thousands of genes (including DTNBP1, MAPK1, RAB35, GOLGA7, ATP1A1 and ATP2B1) identified as not different in expression at a gene transcript level were found to have differences in isoform transcript levels. Many of these genes were involved in ATPase-dependent or GTPase-dependent intracellular transport in pig and human, respectively. In conclusion, our study suggests the failure to progress to MII in vitro may not be regulated at the level of the genome and that many genes are differentially regulated at the isoform level, particular those involved ATPase- or GTPase-dependent intracellular transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tang
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hummitzsch
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- School of Biomedicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giaccari C, Cecere F, Argenziano L, Pagano A, Riccio A. New insights into oocyte cytoplasmic lattice-associated proteins. Trends Genet 2024:S0168-9525(24)00149-5. [PMID: 38955588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation and preimplantation embryo development are critical to successful pregnancy outcomes and the correct establishment and maintenance of genomic imprinting. Thanks to novel technologies and omics studies in human patients and mouse models, the importance of the proteins associated with the cytoplasmic lattices (CPLs), highly abundant structures found in the cytoplasm of mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos, in the maternal to zygotic transition is becoming increasingly evident. This review highlights the recent discoveries on the role of these proteins in protein storage and other oocyte cytoplasmic processes, epigenetic reprogramming, and zygotic genome activation (ZGA). A better comprehension of these events may significantly improve clinical diagnosis and pave the way for targeted interventions aiming to correct or mitigate female fertility issues and genomic imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giaccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucia Argenziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Caserta, Italy
| | - Angela Pagano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Caserta, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,' Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Funaya S, Takahashi Y, Suzuki MG, Suzuki Y, Aoki F. H3.1/3.2 regulate the initial progression of the gene expression program. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:6158-6170. [PMID: 38567720 PMCID: PMC11194095 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In mice, transcription from the zygotic genome is initiated at the mid-one-cell stage, and occurs promiscuously in many areas of the genome, including intergenic regions. Regulated transcription from selected genes is established during the two-cell stage. This dramatic change in the gene expression pattern marks the initiation of the gene expression program and is essential for early development. We investigated the involvement of the histone variants H3.1/3.2 in the regulation of changes in gene expression pattern during the two-cell stage. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed low nuclear deposition of H3.1/3.2 in the one-cell stage, followed by a rapid increase in the late two-cell stage. Where chromatin structure is normally closed between the one- and two-cell stages, it remained open until the late two-cell stage when H3.1/3.2 were knocked down by small interfering RNA. Hi-C analysis showed that the formation of the topologically associating domain was disrupted in H3.1/3.2 knockdown (KD) embryos. Promiscuous transcription was also maintained in the late two-cell stage in H3.1/3.2 KD embryos. These results demonstrate that H3.1/3.2 are involved in the initial process of the gene expression program after fertilization, through the formation of a closed chromatin structure to execute regulated gene expression during the two-cell stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Funaya
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Masataka G Suzuki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Fugaku Aoki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Anvar Z, Jochum MD, Chakchouk I, Sharif M, Demond H, To AK, Kraushaar DC, Wan YW, Andrews S, Kelsey G, Veyver IB. Maternal loss-of-function of Nlrp2 results in failure of epigenetic reprogramming in mouse oocytes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4457414. [PMID: 38883732 PMCID: PMC11177987 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4457414/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background NLRP2 belongs to the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) of mammalian oocytes and preimplantation embryos. This multiprotein complex, encoded by maternal-effect genes, plays a pivotal role in the zygote-to-embryo transition, early embryogenesis, and epigenetic (re)programming. The maternal inactivation of genes encoding SCMC proteins has been linked to infertility and subfertility in mice and humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the diverse functions of the SCMC, particularly how this cytoplasmic structure influences DNA methylation, which is a nuclear process, are not fully understood. Results We undertook joint transcriptome and DNA methylome profiling of pre-ovulatory germinal-vesicle oocytes from Nlrp2-null, heterozygous (Het), and wild-type (WT) female mice. We identified numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Het and Nlrp2-null when compared to WT oocytes. The genes for several crucial factors involved in oocyte transcriptome modulation and epigenetic reprogramming, such as DNMT1, UHRF1, KDM1B and ZFP57 were overexpressed in Het and Nlrp2-null oocytes. Absence or reduction of Nlrp2, did not alter the distinctive global DNA methylation landscape of oocytes, including the bimodal pattern of the oocyte methylome. Additionally, although the methylation profile of germline differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) of imprinted genes was preserved in oocytes of Het and Nlrp2-null mice, we found altered methylation in oocytes of both genotypes at a small percentage of the oocyte-characteristic hyper- and hypomethylated domains. Through a tiling approach, we identified specific DNA methylation differences between the genotypes, with approximately 1.3% of examined tiles exhibiting differential methylation in Het and Nlrp2-null compared to WT oocytes. Conclusions Surprisingly, considering the well-known correlation between transcription and DNA methylation in developing oocytes, we observed no correlation between gene expression differences and gene-body DNA methylation differences in Nlrp2-null versus WT oocytes or Het versus WT oocytes. We therefore conclude that post-transcriptional changes in the stability of transcripts rather than altered transcription is primarily responsible for transcriptome differences in Nlrp2-null and Het oocytes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ooga M. Chromatin structure in totipotent mouse early preimplantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2024; 70:152-159. [PMID: 38462486 PMCID: PMC11153117 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2023-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Totipotency refers to the ability of a single cell to give rise to all the different cell types in the body. Terminally differentiated germ cells (sperm and oocytes) undergo reprogramming, which results in the acquisition of totipotency in zygotes. Since the 1990s, numerous studies have focused on the mechanisms of totipotency. With the emergence of the concept of epigenetic reprogramming, which is important for the undifferentiated and differentiated states of cells, the epigenomes of germ cells and fertilized oocytes have been thoroughly analyzed. However, in early immunostaining studies, detailed epigenomic information was difficult to obtain. In recent years, the explosive development of next-generation sequencing has made it possible to acquire genome-wide information and the rise of genome editing has facilitated the analysis of knockout mice, which was previously difficult. In addition, live imaging can effectively analyze zygotes and 2-cell embryos, for which the number of samples is limited, and provides biological insights that cannot be obtained by other methods. In this review, the progress of our research using these advanced techniques is traced back from the present to its earliest years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ooga
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee H, Han DW, Yoo S, Kwon O, La H, Park C, Lee H, Kang K, Uhm SJ, Song H, Do JT, Choi Y, Hong K. RNA helicase DEAD-box-5 is involved in R-loop dynamics of preimplantation embryos. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1021-1030. [PMID: 38419548 PMCID: PMC11065950 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE R-loops are DNA:RNA triplex hybrids, and their metabolism is tightly regulated by transcriptional regulation, DNA damage response, and chromatin structure dynamics. R-loop homeostasis is dynamically regulated and closely associated with gene transcription in mouse zygotes. However, the factors responsible for regulating these dynamic changes in the R-loops of fertilized mouse eggs have not yet been investigated. This study examined the functions of candidate factors that interact with R-loops during zygotic gene activation. METHODS In this study, we used publicly available next-generation sequencing datasets, including low-input ribosome profiling analysis and polymerase II chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), to identify potential regulators of R-loop dynamics in zygotes. These datasets were downloaded, reanalyzed, and compared with mass spectrometry data to identify candidate factors involved in regulating R-loop dynamics. To validate the functions of these candidate factors, we treated mouse zygotes with chemical inhibitors using in vitro fertilization. Immunofluorescence with an anti-R-loop antibody was then performed to quantify changes in R-loop metabolism. RESULTS We identified DEAD-box-5 (DDX5) and histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) as candidates that potentially regulate R-loop metabolism in oocytes, zygotes and two-cell embryos based on change of their gene translation. Our analysis revealed that the DDX5 inhibition of activity led to decreased R-loop accumulation in pronuclei, indicating its involvement in regulating R-loop dynamics. However, the inhibition of histone deacetylase-2 activity did not significantly affect R-loop levels in pronuclei. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dynamic changes in R-loops during mouse zygote development are likely regulated by RNA helicases, particularly DDX5, in conjunction with transcriptional processes. Our study provides compelling evidence for the involvement of these factors in regulating R-loop dynamics during early embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020,
China
| | - Seonho Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Ohbeom Kwon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo La
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Heeji Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kiye Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Sang Jun Uhm
- Department of Animal Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339,
Korea
| | - Hyuk Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen K, Liu W, Zhu J, Kou X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Jiang C, Gao S, Kang L. Pivotal role for long noncoding RNAs in zygotic genome activation in mice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:958-969. [PMID: 38305985 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrate life begins with fertilization, and then the zygote genome is activated after transient silencing, a process termed zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Despite its fundamental role in totipotency and the initiation of life, the precise mechanism underlying ZGA initiation remains unclear. The existence of minor ZGA implies the possible critical role of noncoding RNAs in the initiation of ZGA. Here, we delineate the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in early mouse embryonic development and elucidate their critical role in minor ZGA. Compared with protein-coding genes (PCGs), lncRNAs exhibit a stronger correlation with minor ZGA. Distinct H3K9me3 profiles can be observed between lncRNA genes and PCGs, and the enrichment of H3K9me3 before ZGA might explain the suspended expression of major ZGA-related PCGs despite possessing PolII pre-configuration. Furthermore, we identified the presence of PolII-enriched MuERV-L around the transcriptional start site of minor ZGA-related lncRNAs, and these repeats are responsible for the activation of minor ZGA-related lncRNAs and subsequent embryo development. Our study suggests that MuERV-L mediates minor ZGA lncRNA activation as a critical driver between epigenetic reprogramming triggered by fertilization and the embryo developmental program, thus providing clues for understanding the regulatory mechanism of totipotency and establishing bona fide totipotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Clinical and Translation Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lan Kang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rother F, Depping R, Popova E, Huegel S, Heiler A, Hartmann E, Bader M. Karyopherin α2 is a maternal effect gene required for early embryonic development and female fertility in mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23623. [PMID: 38656660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301572rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear transport of proteins plays an important role in mediating the transition from egg to embryo and distinct karyopherins have been implicated in this process. Here, we studied the impact of KPNA2 deficiency on preimplantation embryo development in mice. Loss of KPNA2 results in complete arrest at the 2cell stage and embryos exhibit the inability to activate their embryonic genome as well as a severely disturbed nuclear translocation of Nucleoplasmin 2. Our findings define KPNA2 as a new maternal effect gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rother
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Elena Popova
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Huegel
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ariane Heiler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Hartmann
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hou W, Chen L, Ji J, Xiao S, Linghu H, Zhang L, Ping Y, Wang C, Kong Q, Cai W, Yang X. Maternal factor Trim75 contributes to zygotic genome activation program in mouse early embryos. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:560. [PMID: 38643284 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is an important event in the early embryo development, and human embryo developmental arrest has been highly correlated with ZGA failure in clinical studies. Although a few studies have linked maternal factors to mammalian ZGA, more studies are needed to fully elucidate the maternal factors that are involved in ZGA. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we utilized published single-cell RNA sequencing data from a Dux-mediated mouse embryonic stem cell to induce a 2-cell-like transition state and selected potential drivers for the transition according to an RNA velocity analysis. CONCLUSIONS An overlap of potential candidate markers of 2-cell-like-cells identified in this research with markers generated by various data sets suggests that Trim75 is a potential driver of minor ZGA and may recruit EP300 and establish H3K27ac in the gene body of minor ZGA genes, thereby contributing to mammalian preimplantation embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Hou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingzhang Ji
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Songling Xiao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongye Linghu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Ping
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, hexing Road, Harbin, China
| | - Qingran Kong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Wenpin Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Honda S, Hatamura M, Kunimoto Y, Ikeda S, Minami N. Chimeric PRMT6 protein produced by an endogenous retrovirus promoter regulates cell fate decision in mouse preimplantation embryos†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:698-710. [PMID: 38196172 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer, also known as MERVL, is expressed during zygotic genome activation in mammalian embryos. Here we show that protein arginine N-methyltransferase 6 (Prmt6) forms a chimeric transcript with MT2B2, one of the long terminal repeat sequences of murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer, and is translated into an elongated chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) whose function differs from that of the canonical PRMT6 protein (PRMT6CAN) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Overexpression of PRMT6CAN in fibroblast cells increased asymmetric dimethylation of the third arginine residue of both histone H2A (H2AR3me2a) and histone H4 (H4R3me2a), while overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2 increased only H2AR3me2a. In addition, overexpression of PRMT6MT2B2 in one blastomere of mouse two-cell embryos promoted cell proliferation and differentiation of the blastomere into epiblast cells at the blastocyst stage, while overexpression of PRMT6CAN repressed cell proliferation. This is the first report of the translation of a chimeric protein (PRMT6MT2B2) in mouse preimplantation embryos. Our results suggest that analyzing chimeric transcripts with murine endogenous retrovirus with leucine tRNA primer will provide insight into the relationship between zygotic genome activation and subsequent intra- and extra-cellular lineage determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Honda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maho Hatamura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuri Kunimoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Exit from totipotency is controlled by DUXBL in mice. Nat Genet 2024; 56:563-564. [PMID: 38528243 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
|
12
|
Ye Y, Homer HA. A surge in cytoplasmic viscosity triggers nuclear remodeling required for Dux silencing and pre-implantation embryo development. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113917. [PMID: 38446665 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic genome activation (EGA) marks the transition from dependence on maternal transcripts to an embryonic transcriptional program. The precise temporal regulation of gene expression, specifically the silencing of the Dux/murine endogenous retrovirus type L (MERVL) program during late 2-cell interphase, is crucial for developmental progression in mouse embryos. How this finely tuned regulation is achieved within this specific window is poorly understood. Here, using particle-tracking microrheology throughout the mouse oocyte-to-embryo transition, we identify a surge in cytoplasmic viscosity specific to late 2-cell interphase brought about by high microtubule and endomembrane density. Importantly, preventing the rise in 2-cell viscosity severely impairs nuclear reorganization, resulting in a persistently open chromatin configuration and failure to silence Dux/MERVL. This, in turn, derails embryo development beyond the 2- and 4-cell stages. Our findings reveal a mechanical role of the cytoplasm in regulating Dux/MERVL repression via nuclear remodeling during a temporally confined period in late 2-cell interphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Ye
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Hayden Anthony Homer
- The Christopher Chen Oocyte Biology Research Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giaccari C, Cecere F, Argenziano L, Pagano A, Galvao A, Acampora D, Rossi G, Hay Mele B, Acurzio B, Coonrod S, Cubellis MV, Cerrato F, Andrews S, Cecconi S, Kelsey G, Riccio A. A maternal-effect Padi6 variant causes nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities in oocytes, as well as failure of epigenetic reprogramming and zygotic genome activation in embryos. Genes Dev 2024; 38:131-150. [PMID: 38453481 PMCID: PMC10982689 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351238.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Maternal inactivation of genes encoding components of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) and its associated member, PADI6, generally results in early embryo lethality. In humans, SCMC gene variants were found in the healthy mothers of children affected by multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID). However, how the SCMC controls the DNA methylation required to regulate imprinting remains poorly defined. We generated a mouse line carrying a Padi6 missense variant that was identified in a family with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and MLID. If homozygous in female mice, this variant resulted in interruption of embryo development at the two-cell stage. Single-cell multiomic analyses demonstrated defective maturation of Padi6 mutant oocytes and incomplete DNA demethylation, down-regulation of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) genes, up-regulation of maternal decay genes, and developmental delay in two-cell embryos developing from Padi6 mutant oocytes but little effect on genomic imprinting. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses showed reduced levels of UHRF1 in oocytes and abnormal localization of DNMT1 and UHRF1 in both oocytes and zygotes. Treatment with 5-azacytidine reverted DNA hypermethylation but did not rescue the developmental arrest of mutant embryos. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PADI6 controls both nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte processes that are necessary for preimplantation epigenetic reprogramming and ZGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giaccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Lucia Argenziano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Angela Pagano
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvao
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - Dario Acampora
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Scott Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom;
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta 81100, Italy;
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Ye M, Yuan J, Ren C, Wang X, Wang S, Guo Y, Cao Q, Zhou S, Wang B, He A, Hu J, Guo X, Shu W, Huo R. Maternal KLF17 controls zygotic genome activation by acting as a messenger for RNA Pol II recruitment in mouse embryos. Dev Cell 2024; 59:613-626.e6. [PMID: 38325372 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Initiation of timely and sufficient zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is crucial for the beginning of life, yet our knowledge of transcription factors (TFs) contributing to ZGA remains limited. Here, we screened the proteome of early mouse embryos after cycloheximide (CHX) treatment and identified maternally derived KLF17 as a potential TF for ZGA genes. Using a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model, we further investigated the role of maternal KLF17 and found that it promotes embryonic development and full fertility. Mechanistically, KLF17 preferentially binds to promoters and recruits RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) in early 2-cell embryos, facilitating the expression of major ZGA genes. Maternal Klf17 knockout resulted in a downregulation of 9% of ZGA genes and aberrant RNA Pol II pre-configuration, which could be partially rescued by introducing exogenous KLF17. Overall, our study provides a strategy for screening essential ZGA factors and identifies KLF17 as a crucial TF in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yuanlin He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maosheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anlan He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Shu
- Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing, China.
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Histology and Embryology, Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Innovation Center of Suzhou Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qasim NH, Zhumagaliuly A, Khozhamkul R, Rahim F. The role of zygotic genome activation in genetic-related reproductive medicine: Technological perspective, religious and bioethical concerns, challenges and benefits. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100340. [PMID: 38494256 PMCID: PMC10980863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Zygotic Genome Activation (ZGA) is a crucial developmental milestone in early embryogenesis, marking the transition from maternal to embryonic control of development. This process, which varies in timing across species, involves the activation of the embryonic genome, paving the way for subsequent cell differentiation and organismal development. Recent advances in genomics and reproductive medicine have highlighted the potential of ZGA in the realm of genetic screening, providing a window into the genetic integrity of the developing embryo at its earliest stages. The intersection of ZGA and genetic screening primarily emerges in the context of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and preimplantation genetic screening (PGS). These techniques, often employed during assisted reproductive technologies, aim to detect potential genetic abnormalities or chromosomal imbalances before embryo implantation. Given that ZGA represents the onset of embryonic gene expression, understanding its intricacies can significantly enhance the accuracy and predictive power of these screening processes. With the advent of next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput genomic techniques, detailed mapping of the transcriptomic changes during ZGA has become feasible. Such advancements have deepened our insights into the dynamics of early embryonic development and the onset of genetic disorders. As our knowledge in this realm expands, it promises to revolutionize our capabilities in detecting, understanding, and potentially rectifying genetic anomalies at the earliest stages of human life, thereby optimizing reproductive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nameer Hashim Qasim
- Cihan University Sulaimaniya Research Center (CUSRC), Cihan University - Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region 46001, Iraq
| | - Abzal Zhumagaliuly
- Department of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan.
| | - Rabiga Khozhamkul
- Department of Biostatistics and Basics of Research, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan; Department of Health Policy and Public Health, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Cihan University Sulaimaniya Research Center (CUSRC), Cihan University - Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region 46001, Iraq; College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sotomayor-Lugo F, Iglesias-Barrameda N, Castillo-Aleman YM, Casado-Hernandez I, Villegas-Valverde CA, Bencomo-Hernandez AA, Ventura-Carmenate Y, Rivero-Jimenez RA. The Dynamics of Histone Modifications during Mammalian Zygotic Genome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1459. [PMID: 38338738 PMCID: PMC10855761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization initiates the reprogramming of oocytes and sperm, forming a totipotent zygote. During this intricate process, the zygotic genome undergoes a maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) and subsequent zygotic genome activation (ZGA), marking the initiation of transcriptional control and gene expression post-fertilization. Histone modifications are pivotal in shaping cellular identity and gene expression in many mammals. Recent advances in chromatin analysis have enabled detailed explorations of histone modifications during ZGA. This review delves into conserved and unique regulatory strategies, providing essential insights into the dynamic changes in histone modifications and their variants during ZGA in mammals. The objective is to explore recent advancements in leading mechanisms related to histone modifications governing this embryonic development phase in depth. These considerations will be useful for informing future therapeutic approaches that target epigenetic regulation in diverse biological contexts. It will also contribute to the extensive areas of evolutionary and developmental biology and possibly lay the foundation for future research and discussion on this seminal topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rene Antonio Rivero-Jimenez
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 4600, United Arab Emirates; (F.S.-L.); (N.I.-B.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (I.C.-H.); (C.A.V.-V.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morizet J, Chow D, Wijesinghe P, Schartner E, Dwapanyin G, Dubost N, Bruce GD, Anckaert E, Dunning K, Dholakia K. UVA Hyperspectral Light-Sheet Microscopy for Volumetric Metabolic Imaging: Application to Preimplantation Embryo Development. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:4177-4187. [PMID: 38145166 PMCID: PMC10739996 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a key regulator of energetics, cell growth, regeneration, and homeostasis. Spatially mapping the heterogeneity of cellular metabolic activity is of great importance for unraveling the overall cell and tissue health. In this regard, imaging the endogenous metabolic cofactors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), with subcellular resolution and in a noninvasive manner would be useful to determine tissue and cell viability in a clinical environment, but practical use is limited by current imaging techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of phasor-based hyperspectral light-sheet (HS-LS) microscopy using a single UVA excitation wavelength as a route to mapping metabolism in three dimensions. We show that excitation solely at a UVA wavelength of 375 nm can simultaneously excite NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence, while their relative contributions can be readily quantified using a hardware-based spectral phasor analysis. We demonstrate the potential of our HS-LS system by capturing dynamic changes in metabolic activity during preimplantation embryo development. To validate our approach, we delineate metabolic changes during preimplantation embryo development from volumetric maps of metabolic activity. Importantly, our approach overcomes the need for multiple excitation wavelengths, two-photon imaging, or significant postprocessing of data, paving the way toward clinical translation, such as in situ, noninvasive assessment of embryo viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Morizet
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Darren Chow
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Erik Schartner
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Centre
of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - George Dwapanyin
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Nicolas Dubost
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Graham D. Bruce
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
| | - Ellen Anckaert
- Faculty of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Kylie Dunning
- Robinson
Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5501, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5505, Australia
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA,
School of Physics and Astronomy, University
of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews Fife KY16, U.K.
- Centre
of Light for Life, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Sun H, Chen X. Characterization of the long noncoding RNA transcriptome in human preimplantation embryo development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2913-2923. [PMID: 37770818 PMCID: PMC10656396 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infertility remains a human health burden globally. Only a fraction of embryos produced via assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. lncRNA abundance changes significantly during human early embryonic development, indicating vital regulatory roles of lncRNAs in this process. The aim of this study is to obtain insights into the transcriptional basis of developmental events. METHODS scRNA-seq data and SUPeR-seq data were used to investigate the lncRNA profiles of human preimplantation embryos. The top 50 highly expressed unique and shared lncRNAs in each stage of preimplantation development were identified. Comparative analysis of the two datasets was used to verify the consistent expression patterns of the lncRNAs. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS The lncRNA profiles of human preimplantation embryos in the E-MTAB-3929 dataset were similar to those in the GSE71318 dataset. The ratios of overlap among the top 50 highly expressed lncRNAs between two pairs of stages (2-cell stage vs. 4-cell stage and 8-cell stage vs. morula) were aberrantly low compared with those between other stages. Each stage of preimplantation development exhibited unique and shared lncRNAs among the top 50 highly expressed lncRNAs. Among the between-group comparisons, the 2-cell stage vs. 4-cell stage showed the highest number of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed lncRNAs and their associated super enhancers and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are closely involved in regulating embryonic development. These lncRNAs could function as important cell markers for distinguishing fetal germ cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study paves the way for understanding the regulation of developmental events, which might be beneficial for improved reproductive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yamamoto T, Wang H, Sato H, Honda S, Ikeda S, Minami N. MYC-MAX heterodimerization is essential for the induction of major zygotic genome activation and subsequent preimplantation development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16011. [PMID: 37749153 PMCID: PMC10520005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In mouse preimplantation development, zygotic genome activation (ZGA), which synthesizes new transcripts in the embryo, begins in the S phase at the one-cell stage, with major ZGA occurring especially at the late two-cell stage. Myc is a transcription factor expressed in parallel with ZGA, but its direct association with major ZGA has not been clarified. In this study, we found that developmental arrest occurs at the two-cell stage when mouse embryos were treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting Myc or MYC-specific inhibitors from the one-cell stage. To identify when MYC inhibition affects development, we applied time-limited inhibitor treatment and found that inhibition of MYC at the one-cell, four-cell, and morula stages had no effect on preimplantation development, whereas inhibitor treatment at the two-cell stage arrested development at the two-cell stage. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that when MYC function was inhibited, genes expressed in the major ZGA phase were suppressed. These results suggest that MYC is essential for the induction of major ZGA and subsequent preimplantation development. Revealing the function of MYC in preimplantation development is expected to contribute to advances in assisted reproductive technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hana Sato
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Honda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naojiro Minami
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Velazquez MA, Idriss A, Chavatte-Palmer P, Fleming TP. The mammalian preimplantation embryo: Its role in the environmental programming of postnatal health and performance. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 256:107321. [PMID: 37647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
During formation of the preimplantation embryo several cellular and molecular milestones take place, making the few cells forming the early embryo vulnerable to environmental stressors than can impair epigenetic reprogramming and controls of gene expression. Although these molecular alterations can result in embryonic death, a significant developmental plasticity is present in the preimplantation embryo that promotes full-term pregnancy. Prenatal epigenetic modifications are inherited during mitosis and can perpetuate specific phenotypes during early postnatal development and adulthood. As such, the preimplantation phase is a developmental window where developmental programming can take place in response to the embryonic microenvironment present in vivo or in vitro. In this review, the relevance of the preimplantation embryo as a developmental stage where offspring health and performance can be programmed is discussed, with emphasis on malnutrition and assisted reproductive technologies; two major environmental insults with important implications for livestock production and human reproductive medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Velazquez
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Abdullah Idriss
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Pathology and laboratory medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, P.O. Box 40047, MBC J-10, Jeddah 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Tom P Fleming
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Briley SM, Ahmed AA, Steenwinkel TE, Jiang P, Hartig SM, Schindler K, Pangas SA. Global SUMOylation in mouse oocytes maintains oocyte identity and regulates chromatin remodeling and transcriptional silencing at the end of folliculogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201535. [PMID: 37676777 PMCID: PMC10499029 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Meiotically competent oocytes in mammals undergo cyclic development during folliculogenesis. Oocytes within ovarian follicles are transcriptionally active, producing and storing transcripts required for oocyte growth, somatic cell communication and early embryogenesis. Transcription ceases as oocytes transition from growth to maturation and does not resume until zygotic genome activation. Although SUMOylation, a post-translational modification, plays multifaceted roles in transcriptional regulation, its involvement during oocyte development remains poorly understood. In this study, we generated an oocyte-specific knockout of Ube2i, encoding the SUMO E2 enzyme UBE2I, using Zp3-cre+ to determine how loss of oocyte SUMOylation during folliculogenesis affects oocyte development. Ube2i Zp3-cre+ female knockout mice were sterile, with oocyte defects in meiotic competence, spindle architecture and chromosome alignment, and a premature arrest in metaphase I. Additionally, fully grown Ube2i Zp3-cre+ oocytes exhibited sustained transcriptional activity but downregulated maternal effect genes and prematurely activated genes and retrotransposons typically associated with zygotic genome activation. These findings demonstrate that UBE2I is required for the acquisition of key hallmarks of oocyte development during folliculogenesis, and highlight UBE2I as a previously unreported orchestrator of transcriptional regulation in mouse oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Briley
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Avery A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tessa E. Steenwinkel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peixin Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Schindler
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Pangas
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ilchuk LA, Kubekina MV, Okulova YD, Silaeva YY, Tatarskiy VV, Filatov MA, Bruter AV. Genetically Engineered Mice Unveil In Vivo Roles of the Mediator Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119330. [PMID: 37298278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit protein complex which plays a significant role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene transcription. It provides a platform for the interaction of transcriptional factors and RNA polymerase II, thus coupling external and internal stimuli with transcriptional programs. Molecular mechanisms underlying Mediator functioning are intensively studied, although most often using simple models such as tumor cell lines and yeast. Transgenic mouse models are required to study the role of Mediator components in physiological processes, disease, and development. As constitutive knockouts of most of the Mediator protein coding genes are embryonically lethal, conditional knockouts and corresponding activator strains are needed for these studies. Recently, they have become more easily available with the development of modern genetic engineering techniques. Here, we review existing mouse models for studying the Mediator, and data obtained in corresponding experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Ilchuk
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Kubekina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia D Okulova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Filatov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe Sh. 24, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu SL, Ju JQ, Ji YM, Zhang HL, Zou YJ, Sun SC. Exposure to acrylamide induces zygotic genome activation defects of mouse embryos. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113753. [PMID: 36997053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is an important chemical raw material for wastewater treatment, paper industry and textile industry, which is widely exposed from occupational, environmental and dietary situation. ACR has neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, potential carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity. Recent study indicates that ACR affected oocyte maturation quality. In the present study, we reported the effects of ACR exposure on zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in embryos and its related mechanism. Our results showed that ACR treatment caused 2-cell arrest in mouse embryos, indicating the failure of ZGA, which was confirmed by decreased global transcription levels and aberrant expression of ZGA-related and maternal factors. We found that histone modifications such as H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H3K27ac levels were altered, and this might be due to the occurrence of DNA damage, showing with positive γ-H2A.X signal. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction and high levels of ROS were detected in ACR treated embryos, indicating that ACR induced oxidative stress, and this might further cause abnormal distribution of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes. In conclusion, our results indicated that ACR exposure disrupted ZGA by inducing mitochondria-based oxidative stress, which further caused DNA damage, aberrant histone modifications and organelles in mouse embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Le Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ming Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee H, You SY, Han DW, La H, Park C, Yoo S, Kang K, Kang MH, Choi Y, Hong K. Dynamic Change of R-Loop Implicates in the Regulation of Zygotic Genome Activation in Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214345. [PMID: 36430821 PMCID: PMC9699122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, zygotic genome activation (ZGA) occurs in two steps: minor ZGA at the one-cell stage and major ZGA at the two-cell stage. Regarding the regulation of gene transcription, minor ZGA is known to have unique features, including a transcriptionally permissive state of chromatin and insufficient splicing processes. The molecular characteristics may originate from extremely open chromatin states in the one-cell stage zygotes, yet the precise underlying mechanism has not been well studied. Recently, the R-loop, a triple-stranded nucleic acid structure of the DNA/RNA hybrid, has been implicated in gene transcription and DNA replication. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the changes in R-loop dynamics during mouse zygotic development, and its roles in zygotic transcription or DNA replication. Our analysis revealed that R-loops persist in the genome of metaphase II oocytes and preimplantation embryos from the zygote to the blastocyst stage. In particular, zygotic R-loop levels dynamically change as development proceeds, showing that R-loop levels decrease as pronucleus maturation occurs. Mechanistically, R-loop dynamics are likely linked to ZGA, as inhibition of either DNA replication or transcription at the time of minor ZGA decreases R-loop levels in the pronuclei of zygotes. However, the induction of DNA damage by treatment with anticancer agents, including cisplatin or doxorubicin, does not elicit genome-wide changes in zygotic R-loop levels. Therefore, our study suggests that R-loop formation is mechanistically associated with the regulation of mouse ZGA, especially minor ZGA, by modulating gene transcription and DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonji Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeob You
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Hyeonwoo La
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonho Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiye Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mu J, Zhou Z, Sang Q, Wang L. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of early embryonic development. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:859-872. [PMID: 38933386 PMCID: PMC11197659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development is a complex process. The zygote undergoes several rounds of division to form a blastocyst, and during this process, the zygote undergoes the maternal-to-zygotic transition to gain control of embryonic development and makes two cell fate decisions to differentiate into an embryonic and two extra-embryonic lineages. With the use of new molecular biotechnologies and animal models, we can now further study the molecular mechanisms of early embryonic development and the pathological causes of early embryonic arrest. Here, we first summarize the known molecular regulatory mechanisms of early embryonic development in mice. Then we discuss the pathological factors leading to the early embryonic arrest. We hope that this review will give researchers a relatively complete view of the physiology and pathology of early embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Mu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|