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Ji X, Wang J, Li Z, Shen Q, Tuo J, Bi J, Tan Y, Li H, Xiang Y. Dietary fat intake and liver cancer risk: A prospective cohort study in Chinese women. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0633. [PMID: 34546668 PMCID: PMC8958890 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether dietary fat intake increased liver cancer risk in Chinese women from a prospective population-based cohort. METHODS A total of 72,704 Chinese women were followed up from the time of baseline recruitment (1996-2000) to the end of 2016. Dietary fat intake was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The Cox regression model was used to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dietary fat intake and liver cancer risk. RESULTS We identified 252 incident liver cancer cases out of 1,267,845 person-years during the overall follow-up time. Null associations, neither in quartiles nor per standard deviation (SD) increment, were detected between liver cancer risk and dietary total fat, fat subtypes and subtype ratios, and food sources. The HR (95% CI) of the 1-SD increment was 1.03 (0.90-1.17) for total fat, 1.06 (0.93-1.20) for saturated fat, 1.06 (0.93-1.21) for monounsaturated fat, and 1.00 (0.89-1.13) for polyunsaturated fat. Similar null associations were observed in stratification analyses according to body mass index and menopausal status. CONCLUSIONS In our prospective cohort study, no significant association was observed in Chinese women between dietary fat and liver cancer risk, and in stratification and sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhuoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiuming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiayi Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinghao Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Honglan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongbing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Zhou E, Rifkin S. Colorectal Cancer and Diet: Risk Versus Prevention, Is Diet an Intervention? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:101-111. [PMID: 33518157 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer in men and women in the world. Epidemiologic research approximates that half of colon cancer risk is preventable by modifiable risk factors, including diet. This article reviews prior studies involving certain food items and their relation to colorectal cancer, to elucidate whether diet can be a potential intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 431, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samara Rifkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 6520 MSRB1, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Narayanankutty A, Kuzhivelil BT, Raghavamenon AC. A High-Fructose Diet Formulated with Thermally Oxidized Monounsaturated Fat Aggravates Metabolic Dysregulation in Colon Epithelial Tissues of Rats. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:38-49. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1846145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Balu T. Kuzhivelil
- Department of Zoology, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Christ College, University of Calicut, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C. Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
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von Frieling J, Faisal MN, Sporn F, Pfefferkorn R, Nolte SS, Sommer F, Rosenstiel P, Roeder T. A high-fat diet induces a microbiota-dependent increase in stem cell activity in the Drosophila intestine. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008789. [PMID: 32453733 PMCID: PMC7274450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-consumption of high-fat diets (HFDs) is associated with several pathologies. Although the intestine is the organ that comes into direct contact with all diet components, the impact of HFD has mostly been studied in organs that are linked to obesity and obesity related disorders. We used Drosophila as a simple model to disentangle the effects of a HFD on the intestinal structure and physiology from the plethora of other effects caused by this nutritional intervention. Here, we show that a HFD, composed of triglycerides with saturated fatty acids, triggers activation of intestinal stem cells in the Drosophila midgut. This stem cell activation was transient and dependent on the presence of an intestinal microbiota, as it was completely absent in germ free animals. Moreover, major components of the signal transduction pathway have been elucidated. Here, JNK (basket) in enterocytes was necessary to trigger synthesis of the cytokine upd3 in these cells. This ligand in turn activated the JAK/STAT pathway in intestinal stem cells. Chronic subjection to a HFD markedly altered both the microbiota composition and the bacterial load. Although HFD-induced stem cell activity was transient, long-lasting changes to the cellular composition, including a substantial increase in the number of enteroendocrine cells, were observed. Taken together, a HFD enhances stem cell activity in the Drosophila gut and this effect is completely reliant on the indigenous microbiota and also dependent on JNK signaling within intestinal enterocytes. High-fat diets have been associated with a plethora of morbidities. The major research focus has been on its effects on obesity related disorders, mostly omitting the intestine, although it is the organ that makes the first contact with all diet components. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of HFD on the intestine itself. Using Drosophila as a model, we showed that a HFD and more specifically, trigylcerides with saturated fatty acids, induced a transient activation of intestinal stem cells. This response completely depended on the presence of an intestinal microbiota, as in germ free flies this reaction was completely abolished. Mechanistically, we found that HFD induces JNK signaling in enterocytes, which triggers production of the cytokine upd3. This ligand of the JAK/STAT pathway, in turn activates STAT signaling in intestinal stem cells, leading to their activation. All these components of the JNK- and JAK/STAT-pathways are necessary for a HFD to lead to increased stem cell production. Moreover, HFD changed both, composition and abundance of the microbiota. As fecal transfer experiments failed to recapitulate the HFD phenotype, we assume that the increased bacterial load is the major cause for the HFD triggered stem cell activation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Muhammed Naeem Faisal
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Femke Sporn
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxana Pfefferkorn
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stella Solveig Nolte
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hong YJ, Kim J, Lee HY, Rim CH. Development of the anti-cancer food scoring system 2.0: Validation and nutritional analyses of quantitative anti-cancer food scoring model. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 14:32-44. [PMID: 32042372 PMCID: PMC6997147 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We have previously designed the anti-cancer food scoring model (ACFS) 1.0, an evidence-based quantitative tool analyzing the anti-cancer or carcinogenic potential of diets. Analysis was performed using simple quantitative indexes divided into 6 categories (S, A, B, C, D, and E). In this study, we applied this scoring model to wider recipes and evaluated its nutritional relevance. MATERIALS/METHODS National or known regional databases were searched for recipes from 6 categories: Korean out-dining, Korean home-dining, Western, Chinese, Mediterranean, and vegetarian. These recipes were scored using the ACFS formula and the nutrition profiles were analyzed. RESULTS Eighty-eight international recipes were analyzed. All S-graded recipes were from vegetarian or Mediterranean categories. The median code values of each category were B (Korean home-dining), C (Korean out-dining), B (Chinese), A (Mediterranean), S (vegetarian), and D (Western). The following profiles were correlated (P < 0.05) with ACFS grades in the univariate trend analysis: total calories, total fat, animal fat, animal protein, total protein, vitamin D, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, sodium, animal iron, zinc, selenium, and cholesterol (negative trends), and carbohydrate rate, fiber, water-soluble fiber, vitamin K, vitamin C, and plant calcium (positive trends). Multivariate analysis revealed that animal fat, animal iron, and niacin (negative trends) and animal protein, fiber, and vitamin C (positive trends) were statistically significant. Pantothenic acid and sodium showed non-significant negative trends (P < 0.1), and vitamin B12 showed a non-significant positive trend. CONCLUSION This study provided a nutritional basis and extended the utility of ACFS, which is a bridgehead for future cancer-preventive clinical trials using ACFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jin Hong
- Department of Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi 10408, Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University Medical College, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chai Hong Rim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Medical College and Korea University Ansan hospital, Gyeonggi 15355, Korea
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Motivators and barriers to adoption of a healthy diet by survivors of stomach cancer: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2019; 44:101703. [PMID: 31816509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify motivators and barriers to adopting a high-quality diet by survivors of stomach cancer. BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of a healthy diet and cancer survivors' motivation to stay healthy, few cancer survivors meet commonly prescribed dietary guidelines, and there have been few studies on the adequacy of dietary management in gastric cancer survivors. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 124 adult survivors of stomach cancer. All patients were consecutively recruited from a single tertiary university hospital in South Korea from December 2015 to July 2016. Diet quality was assessed from patients' food diary data on 3 non-consecutive days. The barriers and motivators to following the dietary plan were measured using questionnaires. RESULTS Patients were more likely to consume amounts of carbohydrates if they perceived the presence of family and social support and personal disease control. Patients were more likely to consume appropriate carbohydrates and fats, and to have an appropriate intake of calcium if they perceived difficulties in eating with others. Patients were less likely to consume appropriate calcium if they perceived personal limits in their knowledge of shopping and cooking. CONCLUSION When caring for stomach cancer survivors, interventions that target patient-perceived barriers and motivators are likely to improve diet quality and lead to beneficial long-term improvements in health.
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Francescangeli F, De Angelis ML, Zeuner A. Dietary Factors in the Control of Gut Homeostasis, Intestinal Stem Cells, and Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122936. [PMID: 31816977 PMCID: PMC6950549 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Global CRC burden is expected to increase by 60% in the next decade, with low-income countries experiencing an escalation of CRC incidence and mortality in parallel to the adoption of western lifestyles. CRC incidence is also sharply increasing in individuals younger than 50 years, often presenting at advanced stages and with aggressive features. Both genetic and environmental factors have been recognized as major contributors for the development of CRC, the latter including diet-related conditions such as chronic inflammation and obesity. In particular, a diet rich in fat and sugars (Western-style diet, WSD) has been shown to induce multiple pathophysiological changes in the intestine linked to an increased risk of CRC. In this scenario, dietary factors have been recently shown to play novel unexpected roles in the regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and of the gut microbiota, which represent the two main biological systems responsible for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, diet is increasingly recognized to play a key role in the neoplastic transformation of ISCs and in the metabolic regulation of colorectal cancer stem cells. This review illustrates novel discoveries on the role of dietary components in regulating intestinal homeostasis and colorectal tumorigenesis. Particular focus is dedicated to new areas of research with potential clinical relevance including the effect of food components on ISCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), the existence of CRC-specific microbial signatures and the alterations of intestinal homeostasis potentially involved in early-onset CRC. New insights on the role of dietary factors in intestinal regulation will provide new tools not only for the prevention and early diagnosis of CRC but also for improving the effectiveness of current CRC therapies.
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Cornish AJ, Tomlinson IPM, Houlston RS. Mendelian randomisation: A powerful and inexpensive method for identifying and excluding non-genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:41-47. [PMID: 30710596 PMCID: PMC6856712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in economically developed countries and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. The importance of lifestyle and diet as major determinants of CRC risk is suggested by differences in CRC incidence between countries and in migration studies. Previous observational epidemiological studies have identified associations between modifiable environmental risk factors and CRC, but these studies can be susceptible to reverse causation and confounding, and their results can therefore conflict. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis represents an approach complementary to conventional observational studies examining associations between exposures and disease. The MR strategy employs allelic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), which act as proxies for non-genetic exposures. These allelic variants are randomly assigned during meiosis and can therefore inform on life-long exposure, whilst not being subject to reverse causation. In previous studies MR frameworks have associated several modifiable factors with CRC risk, including adiposity, hyperlipidaemia, fatty acid profile and alcohol consumption. In this review we detail the use of MR to investigate and discover CRC risk factors, and its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Ian P M Tomlinson
- Cancer Genetics and Evolution Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Kim M, Park K. Dietary Fat Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121963. [PMID: 30545042 PMCID: PMC6315498 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat intake is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the results of epidemiological studies on this are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the available scientific evidence regarding the association between dietary fat and the risk of CRC. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library for articles related to dietary fat and the risk of CRC. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated via a random effect model. Begg’s test was used to detect publication bias. A total of 18 articles were identified. The pooled relative risk with 95% CI for the risk of CRC were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.90–1.12), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86–1.10), 1.08 (95% CI: 0.92–1.26), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.93–1.04) for total fat, saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively. No significant associations were found in subgroup analyses. Begg’s test for all exposures revealed no publication bias (total fat, p = 0.3; saturated fatty acid, p = 0.1; monounsaturated fatty acid, p = 0.08; polyunsaturated fatty acid, p = 0.2). The studies included in this review and meta-analysis revealed that dietary fats and fatty acids had no effects on the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea.
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Chen EB, Cason C, Gilbert JA, Ho KJ. Current State of Knowledge on Implications of Gut Microbiome for Surgical Conditions. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:1112-1123. [PMID: 29623674 PMCID: PMC5966332 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-3755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in human health has become a central tenant of current medical research, infiltrating a diverse disciplinary base whereby microbiology, computer science, ecology, gastroenterology, immunology, neurophysiology and psychology, metabolism, and cardiovascular medicine all intersect. Traditionally, commensal gut microbiota have been assumed to play a significant role only in the metabolic processing of dietary nutrients and host metabolites, the fortification of gut epithelial barrier function, and the development of mucosal immunity. However, over the last 20 years, new technologies and renewed interest have uncovered a considerably broader influence of the microbiota on health maintenance and disease development, many of which are of particular relevance for surgeons. This article provides a broad overview of the current state of knowledge and a review of the technology that helped in their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund B Chen
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cori Cason
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen J Ho
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Mo A, Wu R, Grady JP, Hanley MP, Toro M, Swede H, Devers TJ, Hartman TJ, Rosenberg DW. Associations of dietary fat with risk of early neoplasia in the proximal colon in a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:667-674. [PMID: 29846845 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess dietary fat consumption is strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, but less is known about its role in the earliest stages of carcinogenesis, particularly within the proximal colon. In the following case-control study, we evaluated the relationship between the intake of dietary fats and the frequency of early proximal neoplasia [aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or polyps], detectable by high-definition colonoscopy with contrast dye-spray. METHODS Average-risk screening individuals underwent a high-definition colonoscopy procedure as part of larger ongoing clinical study of precancerous lesions in the proximal colon. Dietary fat intake was assessed using the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire, which estimates average dietary intake based on 70 food items. The diets of individuals with no endoscopically identifiable lesions (n = 36) were compared to those with either ACF or polyps detected in the proximal colon. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, high dietary intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and intake of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were positively associated with neoplastic lesions in the proximal colon. When comparing ACF and polyp groups separately, a positive association was observed for both proximal polyps (OR 2.28; CI 1.16-7.09) and ACF (OR 2.86; CI 1.16-7.09) for total PUFA intake. Furthermore, the prevalence of proximal ACF was increased with higher intake of omega-6 (OR 3.54; CI 1.32-9.47) and omega-3 fatty acids (OR 2.29; CI 1.02-5.13), although there was no discernible difference in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary PUFAs may be positively associated with risk of early neoplasia in the proximal colon. This study provides further evidence that dietary PUFA composition may play an important role in altering the microenvironment within the human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Mo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA.,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - James P Grady
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew P Hanley
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA.,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Margaret Toro
- Clinal Trials Office, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Helen Swede
- Community Medicine and Health Care, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Thomas J Devers
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030-3101, USA. .,Colon Cancer Prevention Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Saldaña E, Siche R, da Silva Pinto JS, de Almeida MA, Selani MM, Rios-Mera J, Contreras-Castillo CJ. Optimization of lipid profile and hardness of low-fat mortadella following a sequential strategy of experimental design. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:811-820. [PMID: 29391647 PMCID: PMC5785408 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-3006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to optimize simultaneously the lipid profile and instrumental hardness of low-fat mortadella. For lipid mixture optimization, the overlapping of surface boundaries was used to select the quantities of canola, olive, and fish oils, in order to maximize PUFAs, specifically the long-chain n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic-EPA, docosahexaenoic acids-DHA) using the minimum content of fish oil. Increased quantities of canola oil were associated with higher PUFA/SFA ratios. The presence of fish oil, even in small amounts, was effective in improving the nutritional quality of the mixture, showing lower n-6/n-3 ratios and significant levels of EPA and DHA. Thus, the optimal lipid mixture comprised of 20, 30 and 50% fish, olive and canola oils, respectively, which present PUFA/SFA (2.28) and n-6/n-3 (2.30) ratios within the recommendations of a healthy diet. Once the lipid mixture was optimized, components of the pre-emulsion used as fat replacer in the mortadella, such as lipid mixture (LM), sodium alginate (SA), and milk protein concentrate (PC), were studied to optimize hardness and springiness to target ranges of 13-16 N and 0.86-0.87, respectively. Results showed that springiness was not significantly affected by these variables. However, as the concentration of the three components increased, hardness decreased. Through the desirability function, the optimal proportions were 30% LM, 0.5% SA, and 0.5% PC. This study showed that the pre-emulsion decreases hardness of mortadella. In addition, response surface methodology was efficient to model lipid mixture and hardness, resulting in a product with improved texture and lipid quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Saldaña
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição (LAN), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Raúl Siche
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Av. Juan Pablo II s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Jair Sebastião da Silva Pinto
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição (LAN), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Marcio Aurélio de Almeida
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição (LAN), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Miriam Mabel Selani
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Campus Lagoa do Sino, Rodovia Lauri Simões de Barros, km 12, SP-189, Buri, SP 18290-000 Brazil
| | - Juan Rios-Mera
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição (LAN), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
| | - Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo
- Departamento de Agroindústria, Alimentos e Nutrição (LAN), Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
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May-Wilson S, Sud A, Law PJ, Palin K, Tuupanen S, Gylfe A, Hänninen UA, Cajuso T, Tanskanen T, Kondelin J, Kaasinen E, Sarin AP, Eriksson JG, Rissanen H, Knekt P, Pukkala E, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Lepistö A, Böhm J, Mecklin JP, Al-Tassan NA, Palles C, Farrington SM, Timofeeva MN, Meyer BF, Wakil SM, Campbell H, Smith CG, Idziaszczyk S, Maughan TS, Fisher D, Kerr R, Kerr D, Passarelli MN, Figueiredo JC, Buchanan DD, Win AK, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lindor NM, Newcomb PA, Gallinger S, Conti D, Schumacher F, Casey G, Aaltonen LA, Cheadle JP, Tomlinson IP, Dunlop MG, Houlston RS. Pro-inflammatory fatty acid profile and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomisation analysis. Eur J Cancer 2017; 84:228-238. [PMID: 28829991 PMCID: PMC5630201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dietary fat has been established as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), associations between fatty acids (FAs) and CRC have been inconsistent. Using Mendelian randomisation (MR), we sought to evaluate associations between polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated FAs (SFAs) and CRC risk. METHODS We analysed genotype data on 9254 CRC cases and 18,386 controls of European ancestry. Externally weighted polygenic risk scores were generated and used to evaluate associations with CRC per one standard deviation increase in genetically defined plasma FA levels. RESULTS Risk reduction was observed for oleic and palmitoleic MUFAs (OROA = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.92, P = 3.9 × 10-3; ORPOA = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.84, P = 0.018). PUFAs linoleic and arachidonic acid had negative and positive associations with CRC respectively (ORLA = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98, P = 3.7 × 10-4; ORAA = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, P = 1.7 × 10-4). The SFA stearic acid was associated with increased CRC risk (ORSA = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.35, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Results from our analysis are broadly consistent with a pro-inflammatory FA profile having a detrimental effect in terms of CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian May-Wilson
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip J Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Kimmo Palin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Sari Tuupanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexandra Gylfe
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ulrika A Hänninen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tatiana Cajuso
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Kondelin
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 00250, Finland; Unit of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Paul Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, 00130, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, 00271, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Laura Renkonen-Sinisalo
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Anna Lepistö
- Abdominal Center, Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00029, Finland
| | - Jan Böhm
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Jyväskylä, 40620, Finland
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claire Palles
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria N Timofeeva
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Wakil
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 12713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Christopher G Smith
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Shelley Idziaszczyk
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - David Fisher
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Aviation House, London, WC2B 6NH, UK
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Aung K Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Fred Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ian P Tomlinson
- Molecular & Population Genetics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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RBP4-STRA6 Pathway Drives Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance and Mediates High-Fat Diet-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:438-450. [PMID: 28689994 PMCID: PMC5549806 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein, STRA6, functions as a vitamin A transporter and a cytokine receptor when activated by vitamin A-bound serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4). STRA6 activation transduces a JAK2-STAT3 signaling cascade and promotes tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. We show here that RBP4 and STRA6 expression is associated with poor oncologic prognosis. Downregulating STRA6 or RBP4 in colon cancer cells decreased the fraction of cancer stem cells and their sphere and tumor initiation frequency. Furthermore, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) increases LGR5 expression and promotes tumor growth in a xenograft model independent of obesity. HFD increased STRA6 levels, and downregulation of STRA6 delays and impairs tumor initiation, tumor growth, and expression of stemness markers. Together, these data demonstrate a key role of STRA6 and RBP4 in the maintenance of colon cancer self-renewal and that this pathway is an important link through which consumption of HFD contributes to colon carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a considerable disease burden worldwide. The human colon is also an anatomical location with the largest number of microbes. It is natural, therefore, to anticipate a role for microbes, particularly bacteria, in colorectal carcinogenesis. The increasing accessibility of microbial meta'omics is fueling a surge in our understanding of the role that microbes and the microbiota play in CRC. In this review, we will discuss recent insights into contributions of the microbiota to CRC and explore conceptual frameworks for evaluating the role of microbes in cancer causation. We also highlight new findings on candidate CRC-potentiating species and current knowledge gaps. Finally, we explore the roles of microbial metabolism as it relates to bile acids, xenobiotics, and diet in the etiology and therapeutics of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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16
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Komiya M, Fujii G, Takahashi M, Iigo M, Mutoh M. Prevention and Intervention Trials for Colorectal Cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:685-94. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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17
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Skender B, Vaculova AH, Hofmanova J. Docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) in the regulation of colon cell growth and cell death: a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:186-99. [PMID: 23069883 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental, epidemiological and clinical data substantiate the beneficial role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in preventing inflammation and cancer of the colon. This review covers the unsaturated docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA), describes some of its important cellular and molecular mechanisms, its interaction with another dietary lipid, butyrate and with endogenous apoptotic regulators of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family. We also discuss the clinical impact of this knowledge and the use of these lipids in colon cancer prevention and treatment. RESULTS From the literature, DHA has been shown to suppress the growth, induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells in vitro and decrease the incidence and growth of experimental tumours in vivo. Based on these data and our own experimental results, we describe and discuss the possible mechanisms of DHA anticancer effects at various levels of cell organization. We show that DHA can sensitize colon cancer cells to other chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents and affect the action of physiological apoptotic regulators of the TNF family. CONCLUSION Use of n-3 PUFAs could be a relatively non-toxic form of supportive therapy for improving colon cancer treatment and slowing down or preventing its recurrence. However, it is necessary to use them with caution, based on solid scientific evidence of their mechanisms of action from the molecular to the cellular and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Weil MJ, Zhang Y, Nair MG. Colon cancer proliferating desulfosinigrin in wasabi (Wasabia japonica). Nutr Cancer 2005; 48:207-13. [PMID: 15231456 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc4802_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
A reduced incidence of different types of cancer has been linked to consumption of Brassica vegetables, and there is evidence that glucosinolates (GSLs) and their hydrolysis products play a role in reducing cancer risk. Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), both Brassica vegetables, are widely used condiments both in Japanese cuisine and in the United States. Desulfosinigrin (DSS) (1) was isolated from a commercially available wasabi powder and from fresh wasabi roots. Sinigrin (2) was isolated from horseradish roots. DSS and sinigrin were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, on lipid peroxidation, and on the proliferation of human colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), lung (NCIH460), and central nervous system (CNS, SF-268) cancer cell lines. DSS did not inhibit COX enzymes or lipid peroxidation at 250 microg/ml. Sinigrin inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% at 250 microg/ml. However, DSS promoted the growth of HCT-116 (colon) and NCI H460 (lung) human cancer cells as determined by the MTT assay in a concentration-dependent manner. At 3.72 microg/ml, a 27% increase in the number of viable human HCT-116 colon cancer cells was observed; the corresponding increases at 7.50 and 15 microg/ml were 42 and 69%, respectively. At 60 microg/ml, DSS doubled the number of HCT-16 colon cancer cells. For NCI H460 human lung cancer cells, DSS at 60 microg/ml increased the cell number by 20%. Sinigrin showed no proliferating effect on the tumor cells tested. This is the first report of the tumor cell-proliferating activity by a desulfoglucosinolate, the biosynthetic precursor of GSLs found in Brassica spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin J Weil
- Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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19
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Swamy MV, Cooma I, Patlolla JM, Simi B, Reddy BS, Rao CV. Modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 activities by the combined action of celecoxib and decosahexaenoic acid: Novel strategies for colon cancer prevention and treatment. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.215.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To develop efficient synergistic or additive combinations of chemopreventive and nutritional agents to reduce the risk of colon cancer, experiments were designed to test the application of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor together with dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as decosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thus, individual application of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, DHA, a ω-3 PUFA, and combinations of both were tested for their effectiveness using cell proliferation, apoptosis, and COX-2 expression as markers in the human colon cancer HCA-7 cell line. HCA-7 cells exposed to various subtoxic doses of celecoxib, DHA, or combinations of both were analyzed for inhibition of cell proliferation by trypan blue exclusion and proliferating cell nuclear antigen methods, induction of apoptosis by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole method, and COX-2 by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, we examined the inhibitory potential of celecoxib and DHA on 14C-arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by COX-2 in the HCA-7 cell line. We found that treatment with celecoxib (50–150 μm) or DHA (150–225 μm) individually induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation only at high concentrations in HCA-7 cell lines. A synergistic effect was observed on induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation when cells were exposed to low doses of celecoxib (50–100 μm) together with DHA (75 μm). At high concentrations, celecoxib and DHA blocked the increase in COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in HCA-7 cells. Importantly, the inhibition of COX-2 expression was more pronounced in cells treated with low-dose combinations than with individual agents at high concentrations. In addition, celecoxib and DHA at low-dose levels inhibited 14C-arachidonic acid metabolism (50–85%, P < 0.0001) leading to very low levels of type 2 series prostaglandin formation. These findings provide the basis for the development of combinations of low-dose regimens of a COX-2 inhibitor and ω-3 PUFAs such as DHA for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. We are currently testing this concept in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malisetty V. Swamy
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Indranie Cooma
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Jagan M.R. Patlolla
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Barbara Simi
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Bandaru S. Reddy
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Chemoprevention and Nutritional Carcinogenesis Program, Institute for Cancer Prevention, American Health Foundation-Cancer Center, Valhalla, NY
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