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Owens MM, Dalal S, Radovic A, Fernandes L, Syed H, Herndon MK, Cooper C, Singh K, Beaumont E. Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory markers during heart failure in rats. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103162. [PMID: 38513382 PMCID: PMC11318104 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is under clinical investigation as a therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This study aimed to investigate its therapeutic effects on three main components of heart failure: cardiac function, cardiac remodeling and central neuroinflammation using a pressure overload (PO) rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: PO, PO + VNS, PO + VNS sham, and controls. All rats, except controls, underwent a PO surgery to constrict the thoracic aorta (~50 %) to induce HFrEF. Open loop VNS therapy was continuously administered to PO + VNS rats at 20 Hz, 1.0 mA for 60 days. Evaluation of cardiac function and structure via echocardiograms showed decreases in stroke volume and relative ejection fraction and increases in the internal diameter of the left ventricle during systole and diastole in PO rats (p < 0.05). However, these PO-induced adverse changes were alleviated with VNS therapy. Additionally, PO rats exhibited significant increases in myocyte cross sectional areas indicating hypertrophy, along with significant increases in myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, all of which were reversed by VNS therapy (p < 0.05). Furthermore, VNS mitigated microglial activation in two central autonomic nuclei: the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and locus coeruleus. These findings demonstrate that when VNS therapy is initiated at an early stage of HFrEF progression (<10 % reduction in relative ejection fraction), the supplementation of vagal activity is effective in restoring multi organ homeostasis in a PO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty M Owens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Suman Dalal
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, 248 Lamb Hall, PO Box 70673, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States of America; Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, 1276 Gilbreath Dr., Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America
| | - Aleksandra Radovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Luciano Fernandes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Hassan Syed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Mary-Katherine Herndon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Coty Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America; Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, 1276 Gilbreath Dr., Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America; James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lamont St & Veterans Way, Johnson City, TN 37604, United States of America
| | - Eric Beaumont
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Stanton-Gerber Hall, 178 Maple Ave., P.O. Box 70582, Mountain Home, TN, 37684, United States of America; Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, 1276 Gilbreath Dr., Box 70300, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States of America.
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Zhang Q, Zhang L, Lin G, Luo F. The protective role of vagus nerve stimulation in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30952. [PMID: 38770302 PMCID: PMC11103530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) encompasses the damage resulting from the restoration of blood supply following tissue ischemia. This phenomenon commonly occurs in clinical scenarios such as hemorrhagic shock, severe trauma, organ transplantation, and thrombolytic therapy. Despite its prevalence, existing treatments exhibit limited efficacy against IRI. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely utilized technique for modulating the autonomic nervous system. Numerous studies have demonstrated that VNS significantly reduces IRI in various organs, including the heart, brain, and liver. This article reviews the pathological processes during IRI and summarizes the role and possible mechanisms of VNS in IRI of different organs. Furthermore, this review addresses the current challenges of VNS clinical applications, providing a novel perspective on IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guoqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Fanyan Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
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Jelinek M, Lipkova J, Duris K. Vagus nerve stimulation as immunomodulatory therapy for stroke: A comprehensive review. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114628. [PMID: 38042360 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular pathology with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising immunomodulatory method that has shown positive effects in stroke treatment, including neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, reduced infarct volume, improved neurological scores, and promotion of M2 microglial polarization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the vagus nerve's immunomodulatory effects through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and provide a comprehensive assessment of the available experimental literature focusing on the use of VNS in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matyas Jelinek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Lipkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Duris
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurosurgery, The University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Andalib S, Divani AA, Ayata C, Baig S, Arsava EM, Topcuoglu MA, Cáceres EL, Parikh V, Desai MJ, Majid A, Girolami S, Di Napoli M. Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:947-962. [PMID: 38008851 PMCID: PMC10841711 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for neurological and psychiatric disorders. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in VNS for treating ischemic stroke. This review discusses the evidence supporting VNS as a treatment option for ischemic stroke and elucidates its underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies investigating VNS in stroke models have shown reduced infarct volumes and improved neurological deficits. Additionally, VNS has been found to reduce reperfusion injury. VNS may promote neuroprotection by reducing inflammation, enhancing cerebral blood flow, and modulating the release of neurotransmitters. Additionally, VNS may stimulate neuroplasticity, thereby facilitating post-stroke recovery. The Food and Drug Administration has approved invasive VNS (iVNS) combined with rehabilitation for ischemic stroke patients with moderate to severe upper limb deficits. However, iVNS is not feasible in acute stroke due to its time-sensitive nature. Non-invasive VNS (nVNS) may be an alternative approach for treating ischemic stroke. While the evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials of nVNS is promising, the mechanisms through which VNS exerts its beneficial effects on ischemic stroke are still being elucidated. Therefore, further research is needed to better understand the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of nVNS in ischemic stroke. Moreover, large-scale randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the optimal nVNS protocols, assess its long-term effects on stroke recovery and outcomes, and identify the potential benefits of combining nVNS with other rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Andalib
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Afshin A Divani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Unit, Department of Radiology and Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sheharyar Baig
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ethem Murat Arsava
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masoom J Desai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Arshad Majid
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sara Girolami
- Neurological Service, SS Annunziata Hospital, Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Di Napoli
- Neurological Service, SS Annunziata Hospital, Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy
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Jin Z, Dong J, Wang Y, Liu Y. Exploring the potential of vagus nerve stimulation in treating brain diseases: a review of immunologic benefits and neuroprotective efficacy. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:444. [PMID: 37853458 PMCID: PMC10585738 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve serves as a critical connection between the central nervous system and internal organs. Originally known for its effectiveness in treating refractory epilepsy, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown potential for managing other brain diseases, including ischaemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the precise mechanisms of VNS and its benefits for brain diseases are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have found that VNS can inhibit inflammation, promote neuroprotection, help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, have multisystemic modulatory effects, and even transmit signals from the gut flora to the brain. In this article, we will review several essential studies that summarize the current theories of VNS and its immunomodulatory effects, as well as the therapeutic value of VNS for brain disorders. By doing so, we aim to provide a better understanding of how the neuroimmune network operates and inspire future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Hasan MY, Siran R, Mahadi MK. The Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Animal Models of Stroke-Induced Injury: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040555. [PMID: 37106754 PMCID: PMC10136363 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and poses a great burden to society and the healthcare system. There have been many recent advances in the treatment of ischemic stroke, which usually results from the interruption of blood flow to a particular part of the brain. Current treatments for ischemic stroke mainly focus on revascularization or reperfusion of cerebral blood flow to the infarcted tissue. Nevertheless, reperfusion injury may exacerbate ischemic injury in patients with stroke. In recent decades, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as an optimistic therapeutic intervention. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that VNS is a promising treatment for ischemic stroke in various rat models through improved neural function, cognition, and neuronal deficit scores. We thoroughly examined previous evidence from stroke-induced animal studies using VNS as an intervention until June 2022. We concluded that VNS yields stroke treatment potential by improving neurological deficit score, infarct volume, forelimb strength, inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. This review also discusses potential molecular mechanisms underlying VNS-mediated neuroprotection. This review could help researchers conduct additional translational research on patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yusuf Hasan
- Centre for Drug Herbal and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Rosfaiizah Siran
- Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Kaisan Mahadi
- Centre for Drug Herbal and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Wang Y, He Y, Jiang L, Chen X, Zou F, Yin Y, Li J, Li C, Zhang G, Ma J, Niu L. Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia. J Neurol 2023; 270:995-1003. [PMID: 36329182 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been proved that electrical vagus nerve stimulation can promote the recovery of motor function after stroke. There were no trials on the use of transcutaneous auricular electrical vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) in patients with dysphagia after acute stroke. Our aim was to confirm whether ta-VNS can promote the recovery of swallowing function in these acute stroke patients with dysphagia. METHODS We conducted a sham-controlled, double-blinded, parallel pilot study in 40 acute stroke patients randomly assigned to receive ta-VNS or sham ta-VNS combined with conventional rehabilitation training. The intensity of ta-VNS treatment was adjusted according to the patient's tolerance, 30 min each time, twice a day, five times a week, with a total course of 3 weeks. In the sham group, the parameters were the same except energy output. Swallowing function was assessed with Modified Mann assessment of swallowing ability (MASA), functional communication measure swallowing test (FCM), and the Rosenbek leakage/aspiration scale (RAS) according to swallowing video fluoroscopic (SVF) before the intervention (baseline, T0), immediately after the intervention (T1) and 4 weeks after the intervention (T2). RESULTS After treatment, ta-VNS group statistically and clinically had larger change of MASA, FCM, and RAS scores compared with control group (P < 0.05) and this improvement continued at least 4 weeks after the end of treatment. There were no serious adverse events occurred during the whole intervention. CONCLUSION The transcutaneous auricular electrical vagus nerve stimulation is effective as a novel and noninvasive treatment strategy for patients with dysphagia after acute stroke. TRIAL REGISTRATION No: kelunshen No. 63 in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yingxi He
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Fengjiao Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jingxi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Lingchuan Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Cheng K, Wang Z, Bai J, Xiong J, Chen J, Ni J. Research advances in the application of vagus nerve electrical stimulation in ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1043446. [PMID: 36389255 PMCID: PMC9650138 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1043446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke seriously endangers human well-being and brings a severe burden to family and society. Different post-stroke dysfunctions result in an impaired ability to perform activities of daily living. Standard rehabilitative therapies may not meet the requirements for functional improvement after a stroke; thus, alternative approaches need to be proposed. Currently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is clinically applied for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, cluster headache and migraine, while its treatment of various dysfunctions after an ischemic stroke is still in the clinical research stage. Recent studies have confirmed that VNS has neuroprotective effects in animal models of transient and permanent focal cerebral ischemia, and that its combination with rehabilitative training significantly improves upper limb motor dysfunction and dysphagia. In addition, vagus-related anatomical structures and neurotransmitters are closely implicated in memory–cognition enhancement processes, suggesting that VNS is promising as a potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction after an ischemic stroke. In this review, we outline the current status of the application of VNS (invasive and non-invasive) in diverse functional impairments after an ischemic stroke, followed by an in-depth discussion of the underlying mechanisms of its mediated neuroprotective effects. Finally, we summarize the current clinical implementation challenges and adverse events of VNS and put forward some suggestions for its future research direction. Research on VNS for ischemic stroke has reached a critical stage. Determining how to achieve the clinical transformation of this technology safely and effectively is important, and more animal and clinical studies are needed to clarify its therapeutic mechanism.
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Zhang H, Li CL, Qu Y, Yang YX, Du J, Zhao Y. Effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation on cognitive impairment with traumatic brain injury in animal studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963334. [PMID: 36237612 PMCID: PMC9551312 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment is the main clinical feature after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is usually characterized by attention deficits, memory loss, and decreased executive function. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been reported to show potential improvement in the cognition level after traumatic brain injury in clinical and preclinical studies. However, this topic has not yet been systematically reviewed in published literature. In this study, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of VNS on cognitive function in animal models of TBI and their underlying mechanisms. Methods We performed a literature search on PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2021 to identify studies describing the effects of VNS on animal models of TBI. Results Overall, nine studies were identified in animal models (36 mice, 268 rats, and 27 rabbits). An analysis of these studies showed that VNS can improve the performance of TBI animals in behavioral tests (beam walk test: SMD: 4.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.66, 6.23; p < 0.00001) and locomotor placing tests (SMD: -2.39; 95% CI: -4.07, -0.71; p = 0.005), whereas it reduced brain edema (SMD: -1.58; 95% CI: -2.85, -0.31; p = 0. 01) and decrease TNF-α (SMD: -3.49; 95% CI: -5.78, -1.2; p = 0.003) and IL-1β (SMD: -2.84; 95% CI: -3.96, -1.71; p < 0.00001) expression level in the brain tissue. However, the checklist for SYRCLE showed a moderate risk of bias (quality score between 30% and 60%), mainly because of the lack of sample size calculation, random assignment, and blinded assessment. Conclusion The present review showed that VNS can effectively promote cognitive impairment and neuropathology in animal models of TBI. We hope that the results of this systematic review can be applied to improve the methodological quality of animal experiments on TBI, which will provide more important and conclusive evidence on the clinical value of VNS. To further confirm these results, there is a need for high-quality TBI animal studies with sufficient sample size and a more comprehensive outcome evaluation. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021290797, identifier: CRD42021290797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-liu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Qu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-xuan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
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Protective Effects of PPARγ on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating miR-21. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7142314. [PMID: 36082081 PMCID: PMC9448582 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a common pathological process that causes kidney injury. Previous studies have indicated that both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) exert protective effects against RIRI. However, their relationship is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of the PPARγ/miR-21/programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) axis in IRI, both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro cell hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and in vivo RIRI models were established, and cell viability, cell apoptosis, and key molecule expression profiles were analyzed. Our results showed that both PPARγ and miR-21 had protective effects against RIRI to varying degrees, and there was an interaction between PPARγ and miR-21. PPARγ could promote the expression of miR-21 and partially protect against RIRI by reducing the level of the miR-21 target protein (PDCD4). Our findings underscore the potential utility of future clinical investigations of PPARγ activation and targeting of the underlying miR-21/PDCD4/caspase-3 pathway, which may participate in the pathogenesis of human IRI.
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Ni SJ, Yao ZY, Wei X, Heng X, Qu SY, Zhao X, Qi YY, Ge PY, Xu CP, Yang NY, Cao Y, Zhu HX, Guo R, Zhang QC. Vagus nerve stimulated by microbiota-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the regulation of berberine on microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2964-2981. [PMID: 35583808 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Amelioration of neuroinflammation via modulating microglia is a promising approach for cerebral ischemia therapy. The aim of the present study was to explore gut-brain axis signals in berberine-modulating microglia polarization following cerebral ischemia. The potential pathway was determined through analyzing the activation of the vagus nerve, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) metabolism, and cysteine persulfides of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor. The cerebral microenvironment feature was explored with a metabolomics assay. The data indicated that berberine ameliorated behavioral deficiency in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats through modulating microglia polarization and neuroinflammation depending on microbiota. Enhanced vagus nerve activity following berberine treatment was blocked by antibiotic cocktails, capsazepine, or sodium molybdate, respectively. Berberine-induced H2 S production was responsible for vagus nerve stimulation achieved through assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction with increased synthetic enzymes. Sulfation of the TRPV1 receptor resulted in vagus nerve activation and promoted the c-fos and ChAT in the nucleus tractus solitaries with berberine. Sphingolipid metabolism is the primary metabolic characteristic with berberine in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebral spinal fluid disrupted by antibiotics. Berberine, in conclusion, modulates microglia polarization in a microbiota-dependent manner. H2 S stimulates the vagus nerve through TRPV1 is responsible for the berberine-induced gut-brain axis signal transmission. Sphingolipid metabolism might mediate the neuroinflammation amelioration following vagus afferent fiber activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Jia Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yue Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping-Yuan Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Ping Xu
- Nanjing Sinolife Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Nian-Yun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Nuclear Receptors in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia-Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212326. [PMID: 34830207 PMCID: PMC8617737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 18 million people died from cardiovascular diseases in 2019, of these 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. The available therapies although efficacious, have narrow therapeutic window and long list of contraindications. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to find novel molecular targets that could protect the brain and heart against ischemia without evoking major side effects. Nuclear receptors are one of the promising targets for anti-ischemic drugs. Modulation of estrogen receptors (ERs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands is known to exert neuro-, and cardioprotective effects through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant action. Recently, it has been shown that the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is strongly increased after brain or heart ischemia and evokes an activation of apoptosis or inflammation in injury site. We hypothesize that activation of ERs and PPARs and inhibition of AhR signaling pathways could be a promising strategy to protect the heart and the brain against ischemia. In this Review, we will discuss currently available knowledge on the mechanisms of action of ERs, PPARs and AhR in experimental models of stroke and myocardial infarction and future perspectives to use them as novel targets in cardiovascular diseases.
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Zubareva OE, Melik-Kasumov TB. The Gut–Brain Axis and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Regulation of Epileptogenesis. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Vagus nerve stimulation affects inflammatory response and anti-apoptosis reactions via regulating miR-210 in epilepsy rat model. Neuroreport 2021; 32:783-791. [PMID: 33994524 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) significantly reduces the frequency of seizures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in cerebrospinal fluid are expected to become a new biomarker of epilepsy. Therefore, studying the interaction mechanism between the VNS and miRNAs is hopeful of bringing a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of epilepsy. METHODS Kainic acid was used to induce the Sprague-Dawley rat epilepsy model, and the rats were treated with VNS. The miR-210 expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Racine score was adopted to evaluate the performance of behavioral seizures, whereas qRT-PCR and ELISA were employed to test inflammatory factors. Western blotting was implemented to testify the inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. RESULTS Kainic acid-induced the Sprague-Dawley rat epilepsy model and upregulated the expression of miR-210, inflammatory response, inflammation and apoptosis-related proteins in brain tissues. In addition, compared with the epilepsy model group, miR-210 in the hippocampus of the epilepsy model rats treated with VNS was downregulated, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and inflammatory factors was reduced. Moreover, after further inhibiting the expression of miR-210, the inhibition of VNS on epilepsy, inflammation and apoptosis were significantly enhanced. SUMMARY VNS relieves the inflammatory response and apoptosis of epileptic rats via inhibiting miR-210.
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Venkatasamy L, Nizamutdinov D, Jenkins J, Shapiro LA. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Increased Hippocampal Astrocytes in a Mouse Model of Gulf War Illness. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211018456. [PMID: 34104886 PMCID: PMC8165814 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211018456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf war illness (GWI), is a chronic multi-symptom illness that has impacted approximately one-third of the veterans who served in the 1990 to 1991 Gulf War. GWI symptoms include cognitive impairments (eg, memory and concentration problems), headaches, migraines, fatigue, gastrointestinal and respiratory issues, as well as emotional deficits. The exposure to neurological chemicals such as the anti-nerve gas drug, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and the insecticide permethrin (PER), may contribute to the etiologically related factors of GWI. Various studies utilizing mouse models of GWI have reported the interplay of these chemical agents in increasing neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Astrocytes are involved in the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in pathological conditions and have been implicated in GWI symptomology. We hypothesized that exposure to PB and PER causes lasting changes to hippocampal astrocytes, concurrent with chronic cognitive deficits that can be reversed by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). GWI was induced in CD1 mice by injecting the mixture of PER (200 mg/kg) and PB (2 mg/kg), i.p. for 10 consecutive days. VNS stimulators were implanted at 33 weeks after GWI induction. The results show age-related cognitive alterations at approximately 9 months after exposure to PB and PER. The results also showed an increased number of GFAP-labeled astrocytes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus that was ameliorated by VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Venkatasamy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jaclyn Jenkins
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Lee A Shapiro
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, USA
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Zhou H, Xu J, Huang S, He Y, He X, Guo L, Yin S, Lu S. Blocking the Hepatic Branch of the Vagus Aggravates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting the Expression of IL-22 in the Liver. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6666428. [PMID: 34514001 PMCID: PMC8429033 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6666428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable process during liver transplantation, hemorrhagic shock, resection, and other liver surgeries. It is an important cause of postoperative liver dysfunction and increased medical costs. The protective effects of the vagus nerve on hepatic IRI have been reported, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. We established a hepatic vagotomy (Hv) mouse model to study the effect of the vagus on liver IRI and to explore the underlying mechanism. Liver IRI was more serious in mice with Hv, which showed higher serum ALT and AST activities and histopathological changes. Further experiments confirmed that Hv significantly downregulated the expression of IL-22 protein and mRNA in the liver, blocking the activation of the STAT3 pathway. The STAT3 pathway in the livers of Hv mice was significantly activated, and liver injury was clearly alleviated after treatment with exogenous IL-22 recombinant protein. In conclusion, Hv can aggravate hepatic IRI, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of IL-22 expression and downregulation of the STAT3 pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Juling Xu
- Medical School of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Sanxiong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Ying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Media Biology and Pathogenic Control, Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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Derakhshan N, Yaghmaei S, Keshavarz P. Vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of male factor infertility. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14043. [PMID: 33929756 DOI: 10.1111/and.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Derakhshan
- Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Pedram Keshavarz
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Radiology of New Hospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia
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18
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Targeting the Autonomic Nervous System for Risk Stratification, Outcome Prediction and Neuromodulation in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052357. [PMID: 33652990 PMCID: PMC7956667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a worldwide major cause of mortality and disability and has high costs in terms of health-related quality of life and expectancy as well as of social healthcare resources. In recent years, starting from the bidirectional relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), researchers have identified prognostic factors for risk stratification, prognosis of mid-term outcomes and response to recanalization therapy. In particular, the evaluation of the ANS function through the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) appears to be a promising non-invasive and reliable tool for the management of patients with AIS. Furthermore, preclinical molecular studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of stroke damage have shown an extensive overlap with the activity of the vagus nerve. Evidence from the application of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on animal models of AIS and on patients with chronic ischemic stroke has highlighted the surprising therapeutic possibilities of neuromodulation. Preclinical molecular studies highlighted that the neuroprotective action of VNS results from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms mediated by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Given the proven safety of non-invasive VNS in the subacute phase, the ease of its use and its possible beneficial effect in hemorrhagic stroke as well, human studies with transcutaneous VNS should be less challenging than protocols that involve invasive VNS and could be the proof of concept that neuromodulation represents the very first therapeutic approach in the ultra-early management of stroke.
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19
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Ruberti OM, Rodrigues B. Estrogen Deprivation and Myocardial Infarction: Role of Aerobic Exercise Training, Inflammation and Metabolomics. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 16:292-305. [PMID: 31362678 PMCID: PMC7903506 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666190729153026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, postmenopausal women present higher mortality, and worse prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to men, due to estrogen deficiency. After MI, cardiovascular alterations occur such as the autonomic imbalance and the pro-inflammatory cytokines increase. In this sense, therapies that aim to minimize deleterious effects caused by myocardial ischemia are important. Aerobic training has been proposed as a promising intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, some studies have attempted to identify potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases or specifically for MI. For this purpose, metabolomics has been used as a tool in the discovery of cardiovascular biomarkers. Therefore, the objective of this work is to discuss the changes involved in ovariectomy, myocardial infarction, and aerobic training, with emphasis on inflammation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olívia M Ruberti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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20
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Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhang J, Wang X, Khan R, Ma Y, Zhang G, Luoreng Z, Zan L. Characterization of the promoter region of the bovine IRX3 gene: roles of SREBF2 and PPARG. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:160-167. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family, the IRX3 gene plays an important role in regulating the growth, development and fat deposition of chordates. In the present study, we found, using real-time PCR, that the bovine IRX3 gene was highly expressed in lung, kidney, heart, subcutaneous fat and longissimus dorsi muscle. We cloned the full-length sequence of the bovine IRX3 gene promoter and constructed eight series of 5′ deletion promoter plasmid luciferase reporter assays and then transfected them to 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cell lines to detect its core promoter regions. The results showed that the core promoter of bovine IRX3 was located within a −292/−42 bp region relative to the transcriptional start site. Furthermore, sequence analysis identified eight CpG islands in the promoter region. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay in combination with site-directed mutation and siRNA interference demonstrated that SREBF2 and PPARG binding occurs in region −292/−42 and is essential in bovine IRX3 transcription. These results lay an important theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of the IRX3 gene in bovine fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Xihaigu High-end Cattle Industry Research Institute, Zhongwei, China
| | | | - Jiupan Zhang
- Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guyuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Xihaigu High-end Cattle Industry Research Institute, Zhongwei, China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Xihaigu High-end Cattle Industry Research Institute, Zhongwei, China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- Ningxia Xihaigu High-end Cattle Industry Research Institute, Zhongwei, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,China
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21
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Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Zhao CC, Jiang MY, Zhang LY, Hu YY, Hu ZJ, Zhang MY, Qi J, Su AC, Lou N, Xian XH, Zhang JG, Li WB, Zhang M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma participates in the acquisition of brain ischemic tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning via glial glutamate transporter 1 in vivo and in vitro. J Neurochem 2019; 151:608-625. [PMID: 31314916 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) plays a vital role in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance (BIT) by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, the mechanism still needs to be further explained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) participates in regulating GLT-1 during the acquisition of BIT induced by IPC. Initially, cerebral IPC induced BIT and enhanced PPARγ and GLT-1 expression in the CA1 hippocampus in rats. The ratio of nuclear/cytoplasmic PPARγ was also increased. At the same time, the up-regulation of PPARγ expression in astrocytes in the CA1 hippocampus was revealed by double immunofluorescence for PPARγ and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Then, the mechanism by which PPARγ regulates GLT-1 was studied in rat cortical astrocyte-neuron cocultures. We found that IPC [45 min of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)] protected neuronal survival after lethal OGD (4 h of OGD), which usually leads to neuronal death. The activation of PPARγ occurred earlier than the up-regulation of GLT-1 in astrocytes after IPC, as determined by western blot and immunofluorescence. Moreover, the preadministration of the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 or PPARγ siRNA significantly attenuated GLT-1 up-regulation and the neuroprotective effects induced by IPC in vitro. Finally, the effect of the PPARγ antagonist on GLT-1 expression and BIT was verified in vivo. We observed that the preadministration of T0070907 by intracerebroventricular injection dose-dependently attenuated the up-regulation of GLT-1 and BIT induced by cerebral IPC in rats. In conclusion, PPARγ participates in regulating GLT-1 during the acquisition of BIT induced by IPC. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14532. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yang Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jie Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - A-Chou Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Aging and Cognition Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Aging and Cognition Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Cai L, Lu K, Chen X, Huang JY, Zhang BP, Zhang H. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation protects against postoperative cognitive dysfunction by attenuating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9549506. [PMID: 31205591 PMCID: PMC6530204 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9549506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) plays a protective role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of various organs. The present study investigates the protective effect of VNS on hepatic I/R injury and the potential mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups: the sham operation group (Sham; n = 6, sham surgery with sham VNS); the I/R group (n = 6, hepatic I/R surgery with sham VNS); and the VNS group (n = 6, hepatic I/R surgery plus VNS). The I/R model was established by 1 hour of 70% hepatic ischemia. Tissue samples and blood samples were collected after 6 hours of reperfusion. The left cervical vagus nerve was separated and stimulated throughout the whole I/R process. The stimulus intensity was standardized to the voltage level that slowed the sinus rate by 10%. VNS significantly reduced the necrotic area and cell death in I/R tissues. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also decreased by VNS. In addition, VNS suppressed inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in I/R tissues. VNS significantly increased the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver. These data indicated that VNS may attenuate hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis possibly via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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PPAR- γ Activation Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Spinal Cord-Derived Neurons. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6386729. [PMID: 31015796 PMCID: PMC6444263 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6386729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation disrupts functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) activation promotes functional recovery in SCI rats by inhibiting inflammatory cascades and increasing neuronal survival. We sought to clarify the relationship between PPAR-γ activation and NACHT, LRR and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome suppression, and the role of NF-κB in activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in neurons. In SCI rats, we found that rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) inhibited the expression of caspase-1. In in vitro neurons, G3335 (PPAR-γ antagonist) reversed the rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of caspase-1, interleukin 1 (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-6. However, the activator of NLRP3 could counteract this inhibition induced by PPAR-γ activation. NF-κB did not participate in the process of rosiglitazone-induced inhibition of NLRP3. Consistent with our in vitro results, we verified that locomotor recovery of SCI rats in vivo was regulated via PPAR-γ, NLRP3, and NF-κB. These results suggest that PPAR-γ activation exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome—but not NF-κB—in neurons and that PPAR-γ activation is a promising therapeutic target for SCI.
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9208949. [PMID: 30944700 PMCID: PMC6421791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9208949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple organs. The present study aimed at investigating whether VNS could exert protective effects against I/R injury in the skeletal muscle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control, I/R, and I/R+VNS groups. The skeletal muscle I/R (SMI/R) model was induced by occlusion of the left femoral artery for 2.5 hours followed by reperfusion for 2 hours. The vagal nerve trunk was separated, and VNS was performed during the whole I/R process. The intensity of VNS was optimized in each rat to obtain a 10% reduction in the heart rate relative to the value before stimulation. After the experiment, the blood sample and left gastrocnemius muscle tissues were collected for histological examination, biochemical analysis, and molecular biological detection. During the I/R process, VNS significantly reduced cellular apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to sham VNS. The VNS treatment also decreased the inflammatory response, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved vascular endothelial function (p < 0.05 for each). In contrast, the I/R group showed an opposite effect compared to the control group. The present study indicated that VNS could protect against SMI/R injury by suppressing excessive inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress, and preserving vascular endothelial function.
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Chen X, He X, Luo S, Feng Y, Liang F, Shi T, Huang R, Pei Z, Li Z. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Cerebral Microinfarct and Colitis-induced Cerebral Microinfarct Aggravation in Mice. Front Neurol 2018; 9:798. [PMID: 30319530 PMCID: PMC6168656 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortical microinfarct (CMI) is common in patients with dementia and cognitive decline. Emerging studies reported that intestinal dysfunction influenced the outcome of ischemic stroke and that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) protected against ischemic stroke. However, the effects of intestinal dysfunction and VNS on CMI are not clear. Therefore, we examined the influence of colitis and VNS on CMI and the mechanisms of VNS attenuating CMI in mice with colitis. CMI was induced using a two-photon laser. Colitis was induced using oral dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The cervical vagus nerve was stimulated using a constant current. In vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was evaluated using two-photon imaging. Infarct volume, microglial and astrocyte activation, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels were assessed using immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining. The BBB permeability, infarct volume, activation of microglia and astrocytes and oxidative stress increased significantly in mice with colitis and CMI compared to those in mice with CMI. However, these processes were reduced in CMI mice when VNS was performed. Brain lesions in mice with colitis and CMI were significantly ameliorated when VNS was performed during the acute phase of colitis. Our study demonstrated that VNS alleviated CMI and this neuroprotection was associated with the suppression of BBB permeability, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Also, our results indicated that VNS reduced colitis-induced microstroke aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijian Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yukun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Lu XX, Hong ZQ, Tan Z, Sui MH, Zhuang ZQ, Liu HH, Zheng XY, Yan TB, Geng DF, Jin DM. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha7 Subunit Mediates Vagus Nerve Stimulation-Induced Neuroprotection in Acute Permanent Cerebral Ischemia by a7nAchR/JAK2 Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:6072-6081. [PMID: 29274273 PMCID: PMC5747934 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit (a7nAchR) in the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia by VNS has not been thoroughly clarified to date. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the specific role of a7nAchR and explore whether this process is involved in the mechanisms of VNS-induced neuroprotection in rats undergoing permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) surgery. Material/Methods Rats received a7nAChR antagonist (A) or antagonist placebo injection for control (AC), followed by PMCAO and VNS treatment, whereas the a7nAChR agonist (P) was utilized singly without VNS treatment but only with PMCAO pretreatment. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham PMCAO, PMCAO, PMCAO+VNS, PMCAO+VNS+A, PMCAO+VNS+AC, and PMCAO+P. Neurological function and cerebral infarct volume were measured to evaluate the level of brain injury at 24 h after PMCAO or PMCAO-sham. Moreover, the related proteins levels of a7nAChR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the ischemic penumbra were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results Rats pretreated with VNS had significantly improved neurological function and reduced cerebral infarct volume after PMCAO injury (p<0.05). In addition, VNS enhanced the levels of a7nAchR, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 in the ischemic penumbra (p<0.05). However, inhibition of a7nAchR not only attenuated the beneficial neuroprotective effects induced by VNS, but also decreased levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. Strikingly, pharmacological activation of a7nAchR can partially substitute for VNS-induced beneficial neurological protection. Conclusions These results suggest that a7nAchR is a pivotal mediator of VNS-induced neuroprotective effects on PMCAO injury, which may be related to suppressed inflammation via activation of the a7nAchR/JAK2 anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong-Qiu Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Hong Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Hua Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tie-Bin Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Deng-Feng Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Mei Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation and Elderly Care, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Liu Y, Shi B, Li Y, Zhang H. Protective Effect of Luteolin Against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis for Possible Benefit in Kidney Transplant. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5720-5727. [PMID: 29196613 PMCID: PMC5723104 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acceptances and long-term outcomes of the renal transplantations are seriously jeopardized by inflammatory responses and damage to tissues. The present study intended to explicate the pharmacological effect of luteolin (LT) in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanism of action of LT. Material/Methods The effect of LT on the level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the homogenates of kidney tissues of male Swiss albino mice was determined after I/R injury. The effect of LT on MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and glutathione were also identified by enzyme assay. In addition, Western blotting was used to determine the level of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 in the presence of LT. Results The results showed that LT caused significant reduction in the level of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 compared to the I/R group without LT (p>0.05). To further confirm this, the efficacy of LT on the histopathology of I/R injured renal tissues was studied. It was found that LT restored cellular viability of damaged renal tissue. This observation was further confirmed by TUNEL assay, where it was found that LT caused considerable reduction in the population of apoptotic cells. LT pretreatment significantly increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced the level of Bax expression together with a reduction in the level of caspase-3 expression. Conclusions Luteolin showed its effect by interfering and attenuating a number of pathways, including pathways for inflammation and apoptosis in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Transplantation, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Baoxin Shi
- Hospice Research Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Family Planning, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Family Planning, Tianjin 1st Central Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Farrand AQ, Helke KL, Gregory RA, Gooz M, Hinson VK, Boger HA. Vagus nerve stimulation improves locomotion and neuronal populations in a model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:1045-1054. [PMID: 28918943 PMCID: PMC5675746 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying therapies, and symptomatic treatments are often limited by debilitating side effects. In PD, locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons degenerate prior to substantia nigra dopaminergic (SN-DA) neurons. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates LC neurons, and decreases pro-inflammatory markers, allowing improvement of LC targets, making it a potential PD therapeutic. OBJECTIVE To assess therapeutic potential of VNS in a PD model. METHODS To mimic the progression of PD degeneration, rats received a systemic injection of noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4, followed one week later by bilateral intrastriatal injection of dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. At this time, a subset of rats also had vagus cuffs implanted. After eleven days, rats received a precise VNS regimen twice a day for ten days, and locomotion was measured during each afternoon session. Immediately following final stimulation, rats were euthanized, and left dorsal striatum, bilateral SN and LC were sectioned for immunohistochemical detection of monoaminergic neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH), α-synuclein, astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1). RESULTS VNS significantly increased locomotion of lesioned rats. VNS also resulted in increased expression of TH in striatum, SN, and LC; decreased SN α-synuclein expression; and decreased expression of glial markers in the SN and LC of lesioned rats. Additionally, saline-treated rats after VNS, had higher LC TH and lower SN Iba-1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of increased locomotion, beneficial effects on LC-NE and SN-DA neurons, decreased α-synuclein density in SN TH-positive neurons, and neuroinflammation suggest VNS has potential as a novel PD therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Q Farrand
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB403, MSC510, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Dept of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Ave, Children's Hospital 309, MSC 908, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gregory
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB403, MSC510, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Dept of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St, STB 648, MSC 777, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Monika Gooz
- Dept of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St, DDB 507, MSC 139, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, CSB 309, MSC 606, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Dept of Neuroscience and Center on Aging, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, BSB403, MSC510, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Oleanolic acid prevents cartilage degeneration in diabetic mice via PPARγ associated mitochondrial stabilization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Neuroprotective Effect of the Ginsenoside Rg1 on Cerebral Ischemic Injury In Vivo and In Vitro Is Mediated by PPAR γ-Regulated Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7842082. [PMID: 28656054 PMCID: PMC5471560 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7842082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ginsenoside Rg1 exerts a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Rg1 has been previously reported to improve PPARγ expression and signaling, consequently enhancing its regulatory processes. Due to PPARγ's role in the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation, Rg1's PPARγ-normalizing capacity may play a role in the observed neuroprotective action of Rg1 during ischemic brain injury. We utilized a middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion injury model in rats in addition to an oxygen glucose deprivation model in cortical neurons to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of Rg1. We found that Rg1 significantly increased PPARγ expression and reduced multiple indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ultimately, Rg1 treatment improved neurological function and diminished brain edema, indicating that Rg1 may exert its neuroprotective action on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the activation of PPARγ signaling. In addition, the present findings suggested that Rg1 was a potent PPARγ agonist in that it upregulated PPARγ expression and was inhibited by GW9662, a selective PPARγ antagonist. These findings expand our previous understanding of the molecular basis of the therapeutic action of Rg1 in cerebral ischemic injury, laying the ground work for expanded study and clinical optimization of the compound.
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Ma J, Zhang L, He G, Tan X, Jin X, Li C. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation regulates expression of growth differentiation factor 11 and activin-like kinase 5 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kwan H, Garzoni L, Liu HL, Cao M, Desrochers A, Fecteau G, Burns P, Frasch MG. Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Inflammation: Systematic Review of Animal Models and Clinical Studies. Bioelectron Med 2016. [DOI: 10.15424/bioelectronmed.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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35
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Jiang Y, Li L, Ma J, Zhang L, Niu F, Feng T, Li C. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation promotes functional recovery and enhances the post-ischemic angiogenic response in an ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chronic Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Protects Against Seizures, Cognitive Impairments, Hippocampal Apoptosis, and Inflammatory Responses in Epileptic Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:78-89. [PMID: 26973056 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) has recently been demonstrated effective in the treatment of epilepsy and mood disorders. Here, we aim to determine the effects of TNS on epileptogenesis, cognitive function, and the associated hippocampal apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Rats were injected with pilocarpine to produce status epilepticus (SE) and the following chronic epilepsy. After SE induction, TNS treatment was conducted for 4 consecutive weeks. A pilocarpine re-injection was then used to induce a seizure in the epileptic rats. The hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by seizure was assessed by TUNEL staining and inflammatory responses by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) number was counted through video monitoring, and the cognitive function assessed through Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. TNS treatment attenuated the SRS attacks and improved the cognitive impairment in epileptic rats. A pilocarpine re-injection resulted in less hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and reduced level of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and microglial activation in epileptic rats with TNS treatment in comparison to the epileptic rats without TNS treatment. It is concluded that TNS treatment shortly after SE not only protected against the chronic spontaneous seizures but also improved cognitive impairments. These antiepileptic properties of TNS may be related to its attenuating effects on hippocampal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory responses.
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Kwan H, Garzoni L, Liu HL, Cao M, Desrochers A, Fecteau G, Burns P, Frasch MG. Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Inflammation: Systematic Review of Animal Models and Clinical Studies. Bioelectron Med 2016; 3:1-6. [PMID: 29308423 PMCID: PMC5756070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used since 1997 for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. More recently, an off-label use of VNS has been explored in animal models and clinical trials for treatment of a number of conditions involving the innate immune system. The underlying premise has been the notion of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (CAP), mediated by the vagus nerves. While the macroanatomic substrate - the vagus nerve - is understood, the physiology of the pleiotropic VNS effects and the "language" of the vagus nerve, mediated brain-body communication, remain an enigma. Tackling this kind of enigma is precisely the challenge for and promise of bioelectronic medicine. We review the state of the art of this emerging field as it pertains to developing strategies for use of the endogenous CAP to treat inflammation and infection in various animal models and human clinical trials. This is a systematic PubMed review for the MeSH terms "vagus nerve stimulation AND inflammation." We report the diverse profile of currently used VNS antiinflammatory strategies in animal studies and human clinical trials. This review provides a foundation and calls for devising systematic and comparable VNS strategies in animal and human studies for treatment of inflammation. We discuss species-specific differences in the molecular genetics of cholinergic signaling as a framework to understand the divergence in VNS effects between species. Brain-mapping initiatives are needed to decode vagus-carried brain-body communication before hypothesis-driven treatment approaches can be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harwood Kwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luca Garzoni
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hai Lun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mingju Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andre Desrochers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Burns
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Ay I, Nasser R, Simon B, Ay H. Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Ameliorates Acute Ischemic Injury in Rats. Brain Stimul 2015; 9:166-73. [PMID: 26723020 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct stimulation of the vagus nerve in the neck via surgically implanted electrodes is protective in animal models of stroke. We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of a non-invasive cervical VNS (nVNS) method using surface electrodes applied to the skin overlying the vagus nerve in the neck in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS nVNS was initiated variable times after MCAO in rats (n = 33). Control animals received sham stimulation (n = 33). Infarct volume and functional outcome were assessed on day 7. Brains were processed by immunohistochemistry for microglial activation and cytokine levels. The ability of nVNS to activate the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) was assessed using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Infarct volume was 43.15 ± 3.36 percent of the contralateral hemisphere (PCH) in control and 28.75 ± 4.22 PCH in nVNS-treated animals (p < 0.05). The effect of nVNS on infarct size was consistent when stimulation was initiated up to 4 hours after MCAO. There was no difference in heart rate and blood pressure between control and nVNS-treated animals. The number of c-Fos positive cells was 32.4 ± 10.6 and 6.2 ± 6.3 in the ipsilateral NTS (p < 0.05) and 30.4 ± 11.2 and 5.8 ± 4.3 in the contralateral NTS (p < 0.05) in nVNS-treated and control animals, respectively. nVNS reduced the number of Iba-1, CD68, and TNF-α positive cells and increased the number of HMGB1 positive cells. CONCLUSIONS nVNS inhibits ischemia-induced immune activation and reduces the extent of tissue injury and functional deficit in rats without causing cardiac or hemodynamic adverse effects when initiated up to 4 hours after MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Ay
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Rena Nasser
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Hakan Ay
- MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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He-min Z, Guo-Rong B, Qiu H, Xiang L, Suli L. Changes in plasma PPARs levels in migraine patients. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:735-9. [PMID: 25758678 PMCID: PMC4365761 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to observe the change in plasma PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) level during various periods and in different subtypes in migraine patients. Material/Methods We divided 227 patients with migraine into 2 main groups: the attack period group (n=98) and the attack-free period group (n=129). Patients were further divided into 4 subgroups according to whether they had aura symptoms. The control group consisted of 100 healthy subjects. We collected the clinical data of patients and measured the plasma levels of PPARs using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). We used SPSS software for statistical analysis. Results We found no significant difference in age, BMI, blood pressure, or blood lipid level among migraine patients during the headache attack period and during the headache-free period compared with the control group. The PPARα and PPARβ/δ levels during the headache attack period were significantly higher than during the headache free period and in healthy controls. The PPARγ levels during the headache attack period were significantly lower than those during the headache-free period and in the healthy control group. The PPARs levels during the headache attack period were significantly different from those during the headache-free period, regardless of presence or absence of aura. The PPARs levels during the headache-free period were not significantly different from those of the healthy control group. The level of PPARs has no significant differences between migraine with aura group and without aura group, regardless of whether headache attack. Conclusions PPARs involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. Presence of absence of aura had no obvious effect on PPARs level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang He-min
- Department of Neurology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bi Guo-Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - He Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Suli
- Department of Neurology, Zhu Madian Center Hospital, Zhu Madian, Henan, China (mainland)
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