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Granat MM, Eifler-Zydel J, Kolmas J. Statins-Their Role in Bone Tissue Metabolism and Local Applications with Different Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2378. [PMID: 38397055 PMCID: PMC10888549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, widely prescribed for lipid disorders, primarily target 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase competitively and reversibly, resulting in reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This mechanism proves effective in lowering the risk of lipid-related diseases such as ischemic cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases. Beyond their established use, statins are under scrutiny for potential applications in treating bone diseases. The focus of research centers mainly on simvastatin, a lipophilic statin demonstrating efficacy in preventing osteoporosis and aiding in fracture and bone defect healing. Notably, these effects manifest at elevated doses (20 mg/kg/day) of statins, posing challenges for systematic administration due to their limited bone affinity. Current investigations explore intraosseous statin delivery facilitated by specialized carriers. This paper outlines various carrier types, characterizing their structures and underscoring various statins' potential as local treatments for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Mateusz Granat
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Eifler-Zydel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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Diniz JA, Dourado ACAG, Barbirato DDS, da Silveira KG, Vasconcellos RJDH, Laureano Filho JR. Effect of simvastatin topical use on alveolar bone after tooth extraction: a scoping review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:86. [PMID: 38195898 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Conducting a scoping review (SR) to assess scientific evidence for topical simvastatin's impact on alveolar bone regeneration and determine its level of support for clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This SR followed the PRISMA-ScR and OSF registries protocol; systematic searching was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS, to identify relevant articles until June 2023. Inclusion criteria covered clinical trials, case series, prospective and retrospective studies, along with in vivo investigations, involving participants of any sex and age. RESULTS Out of 1312 identified studies, 20 (9 in vivo, 11 RCTs) met inclusion criteria. RCTs focused on third molar extraction, in vivo on mandibular incisor surgery. The majority of RCTs employed a collagen sponge and a simvastatin concentration of 10mg; conversely, most in vivo studies favored polylactide-co-glycolide and a 2 mg simvastatin concentration. RCTs had 3-month follow-ups; in vivo, studies extended to 8 weeks. Seven RCTs assessed pain outcomes, simvastatin did not significantly affect pain in six studies. Among four RCTs on postoperative swelling, only two observed a significant increase in the simvastatin group. In general, positive bone formation and the absence of adverse effects directly linked to topical simvastatin were observed across the study models. CONCLUSIONS Intra-alveolar simvastatin post-tooth extraction has been to be shown to be effective and safe for preserving alveolar bone, with varied concentrations and carriers, with no significant adverse effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review provides critical insights into the effects of simvastatin on alveolar bone regeneration, informing potential benefits and possible challenges associated with its post-extraction application. OSF REGISTRY PROTOCOL: osf.io/q3bnf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiordanne Araújo Diniz
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marques St., 310, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Amorim Gomes Dourado
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marques St., 310, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil.
| | - Davi da Silva Barbirato
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marques St., 310, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Karoline Gomes da Silveira
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marques St., 310, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
| | | | - José Rodrigues Laureano Filho
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, University of Pernambuco, Arnóbio Marques St., 310, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
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Kabra S, Thosar NR, Malviya NS. Exploring the Synergistic Effect of Simvastatin in Oral Health Applications: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e44411. [PMID: 37791218 PMCID: PMC10543113 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are the first line of treatment for hyperlipidaemia. Along with lowering lipids, it also lowers mortality and cardiovascular risk. Statins play a major role in maintaining the homeostasis of the oral cavity via a number of different mechanisms. It includes regeneration of dentin and pulp by differentiation and increased development of mineralized tissue via the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 Pathway. It shows effective bone health by leading to osteogenic differentiation mesenchymal stem cells, by facilitating epithelization process in wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties. To the finest of the information we have, there have been very few comprehensive studies that have investigated the effects of statin drugs on various aspects of dental and oral health. As a result, the main objective of this review was to examine the effect of statins on oral health applications. According to the findings of our extensive review, statins have noteworthy and promising effects on several aspects of oral health, including dental pulp cells, chronic periodontitis, alveolar bone loss, orthodontic tooth movement, and so on. Nevertheless, it is concluded that local or even systemic administration of simvastatin should be regarded as an innovative, easily accessible, and safe therapeutic agent that has a significant impact on enhancing the oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Kabra
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharard Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Nilima R Thosar
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharard Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Nishi S Malviya
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sharard Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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Pruthi G, Mahajan R, Gupta A, Patil AN, Paramasivam V, Kaundal S. The Effects of Statins on Bone Formation Around Implants Placed in Animal Bones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:265-286. [PMID: 37122799 PMCID: PMC10130266 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Implants are preferred for replacement of missing teeth by the clinicians as well as the patients. Lesser alveolar bone density doesn't preclude any individual for choosing this option but warrants for extra caution. Preclinical studies have explored the osteoinductive potential of statins, but results should be analyzed vigorously before implementing them in humans. There is no meta-analysis to document effect of statins on bone formation around implants in osteoporotic animals. Methods and material PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched for studies investigating the effect of statins on bone implant contact (BIC %), bone mineral density (BMD %) and bone volume (BV %) around implants at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Meta-analysis was performed on subgroups with osteoporotic animals which were administered statins through different routes. Results Quantitative data from 12 studies showed favorable effect of statins on bone around implants. Positive difference was observed at 4 weeks in BIC (parenteral [SMD = 4.33 (2.89, 5.77); I 2 = 3%)], BMD (local [SMD = 1.33 (0.51, 2.15); I 2 = 0%] and BV (local [SMD = 1.58 (0.76, 2.40); I 2 = 0%]. BIC [SMD = 1.40 (0.89, 1.90); I 2 = 0%] and BV [SMD = 3.91 (2.33, 5.50); I 2 = 43%] were higher in experimental group after 12 weeks of oral administration. Conclusions Statins can be investigated as potential bone graft materials to increase the predictability of osseointegration especially in osteoporotic individuals. Future research should focus to reproduce homogeneous data and conclusive recommendations which can be applied in clinical trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-023-01873-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Pruthi
- Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rhea Mahajan
- Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Arpit Gupta
- Public Health Dentistry, Oral Health Sciences Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Vijayabharathi Paramasivam
- Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012 India
- Present Address: Prosthodontics, AIIMS, Raipur, India
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Sun H, Meng S, Chen J, Wan Q. Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Its Strategies. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040194. [PMID: 37103284 PMCID: PMC10145040 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia refers to the abnormal increase in plasma lipid level exceeding the normal range. At present, a large number of patients require dental implantation. However, hyperlipidemia affects bone metabolism, promotes bone loss, and inhibits the osseointegration of dental implants through the mutual regulation of adipocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. This review summarized the effects of hyperlipidemia on dental implants and addressed the potential strategies of dental implants to promote osseointegration in a hyperlipidemic environment and to improve the success rate of dental implants in patients with hyperlipidemia. We summarized topical drug delivery methods to solve the interference of hyperlipidemia in osseointegration, which were local drug injection, implant surface modification and bone-grafting material modification. Statins are the most effective drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and they also encourage bone formation. Statins have been used in these three methods and have been found to be positive in promoting osseointegration. Directly coating simvastatin on the rough surface of the implant can effectively promote osseointegration of the implant in a hyperlipidemic environment. However, the delivery method of this drug is not efficient. Recently, a variety of efficient methods of simvastatin delivery, such as hydrogels and nanoparticles, have been developed to boost bone formation, but few of them were applied to dental implants. Applicating these drug delivery systems using the three aforementioned ways, according to the mechanical and biological properties of materials, could be promising ways to promote osseointegration under hyperlipidemic conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm.
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Mohammadi A, Dehkordi NR, Mahmoudi S, Rafeie N, Sabri H, Valizadeh M, Poorsoleiman T, Jafari A, Mokhtari A, Khanjarani A, Salimi Y, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Effects of Drugs and Chemotherapeutic Agents on Dental Implant Osseointegration: Narrative Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2022; 19:CRCEP-EPUB-124232. [PMID: 35674294 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220607114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental implants have been one of the most popular treatments for rehabilitating individuals with single missing teeth or fully edentulous jaws since their introduction. As more implant patients are well-aged and take several medications due to various systemic conditions, clinicians should be mindful of possible drug implications on bone remodeling and osseointegration. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to study and review some desirable and some unwelcomed implications of medicine on osseointegration. METHODS A broad search for proper relevant studies were conducted in four databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Some commonly prescribed medicines such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), anticoagulants, metformin, and chemotherapeutic agents may jeopardize osseointegration. On the contrary, some therapeutic agents such as anabolic, anti-catabolic, or dual anabolic and anti-catabolic agents may enhance osseointegration and increase the treatment's success rate. CONCLUSION Systemic medications that enhance osseointegration include mineralization promoters and bone resorption inhibitors. On the other hand, medications often given to the elderly with systemic problems might interfere with osseointegration, leading to implant failure. However, to validate the provided research, more human studies with a higher level of evidence are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadi
- Dental Materials Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Roqani Dehkordi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sadaf Mahmoudi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niyousha Rafeie
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamoun Sabri
- Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Valizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taniya Poorsoleiman
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Aryan Jafari
- Dental Materials Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Khanjarani
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Salimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Student Research Committee, Dental Faculty, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Chao B, Liu S, Luo W, Jiao J, Wu M. Biomaterials for Interbody Fusion in Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900992. [PMID: 35656196 PMCID: PMC9152360 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interbody fusion cages have played an important role in interbody fusion surgery for treating diseases like disc protrusion and spondylolisthesis. However, traditional cages cannot achieve satisfactory results due to their unreasonable design, poor material biocompatibility, and induced osteogenesis ability, limiting their application. There are currently 3 ways to improve the fusion effect, as follows. First, the interbody fusion cage is designed to facilitate bone ingrowth through the preliminary design. Second, choose interbody fusion cages made of different materials to meet the variable needs of interbody fusion. Finally, complete post-processing steps, such as coating the designed cage, to achieve a suitable osseointegration microstructure, and add other bioactive materials to achieve the most suitable biological microenvironment of bone tissue and improve the fusion effect. The focus of this review is on the design methods of interbody fusion cages, a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, the influence of post-processing techniques and additional materials on interbody fusion, and the prospects for the future development of interbody fusion cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shixian Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wangwang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Minfei Wu,
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Accioni F, Vázquez J, Merinero M, Begines B, Alcudia A. Latest Trends in Surface Modification for Dental Implantology: Innovative Developments and Analytical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020455. [PMID: 35214186 PMCID: PMC8876580 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in the world population and its life expectancy, as well as the ongoing concern about our physical appearance, have elevated the relevance of dental implantology in recent decades. Engineering strategies to improve the survival rate of dental implants have been widely investigated, focusing on implant material composition, geometry (usually guided to reduce stiffness), and interface surrounding tissues. Although efforts to develop different implant surface modifications are being applied in commercial dental prostheses today, the inclusion of surface coatings has gained special interest, as they can be tailored to efficiently enhance osseointegration, as well as to reduce bacterial-related infection, minimizing peri-implantitis appearance and its associated risks. The use of biomaterials to replace teeth has highlighted the need for the development of reliable analytical methods to assess the therapeutic benefits of implants. This literature review considers the state-of-the-art strategies for surface modification or coating and analytical methodologies for increasing the survival rate for teeth restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Accioni
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Juan Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuel Merinero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Belén Begines
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (F.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (A.A.)
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Effects on bone regeneration of single-dose treatment with osteogenic small molecules. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1538-1544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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ÖZER T, AKTAŞ A, AVAĞ C, FIRAT A, OCAK M, KAYMAZ FF, ÇELİK HH. Evaluation of the effects of locally applied rosuvastatin on bone formation in a three-dimensional reconstruction rabbit xenograft model. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:3115-3125. [PMID: 34428883 PMCID: PMC10734865 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2011-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly performed to repair bone defects, and rigid occlusive titanium barriers play a vital role in bone formation in regions with no prior bone tissue. The statin, rosuvastatin (RSV), strongly affects bone apposition when applied locally. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anabolic effects of locally applied RSV with a xenograft placed on rabbit calvaria. Materials and methods Two rigid occlusive titanium caps were used in 16 rabbits after decorticating the calvarial bone. In the control group, the area under the cap was filled with a xenograft, while in the RSV group, a xenograft in combination with RSV (1 mg) was used. In both groups, at 6 and 12 weeks, new bone, residual graft, soft tissue areas, and histological and radiological bone volume were evaluated. Results At 12 weeks, histologically, the RSV group exhibited superior new bone proportion values, and radiologically, new bone and total bone volume in the RSV group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05); there were no significant differences at 6 weeks (p > 0.05). Conclusion According to our results, RSV applied locally under a titanium barrier on an area to be repaired with bone grafts increases new bone and total bone volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha ÖZER
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Alper AKTAŞ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Canseda AVAĞ
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Ayşegül FIRAT
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Mert OCAK
- Vocational School of Health, Ankara University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Fevziye Figen KAYMAZ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Hakan Hamdi ÇELİK
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkey
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Single Intraosseous Simvastatin Application Induces Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization and Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Diabetic Hindlimb Ischemia Rat Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:936e-945e. [PMID: 34644264 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells have shown the ability to enhance neovascularization. In this study, the authors tested whether intraosseous delivery of simvastatin could mobilize endothelial progenitor cells and enhance recovery in a hindlimb ischemia model. METHODS There are eight groups of rats in this study: normal control; type 1 diabetes mellitus control group control without drug intervention; and type 1 diabetes mellitus rats that randomly received intraosseous simvastatin (0, 0.5, or 1 mg) or oral simvastatin administration (0, 20, or 400 mg). All type 1 diabetes mellitus rats had induced hindlimb ischemia. The number of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood, and serum markers, were detected. The recovery of blood flow at 21 days after treatment was used as the main outcome. RESULTS The authors demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cell mobilization was increased in the simvastatin 0.5- and 1-mg groups compared with the type 1 diabetes mellitus control and simvastatin 0-mg groups at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly increased at 2 weeks in the simvastatin 0.5- and 1-mg groups, in addition to the increase of the blood flow and the gastrocnemius weight at 3 weeks. Similar increase can also been seen in simvastatin 400 mg orally but not in simvastatin 20 mg orally. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that a single intraosseous administration of simvastatin mobilized endothelial progenitor cells at a dose one-hundredth of the required daily oral dose in rats, and this potent mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells markedly improved diabetic limb ischemia by means of neovascularization.
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Jun JH, Oh KC, Park KH, Jung N, Li J, Moon HS. Improvement of Osseointegration by Ultraviolet and/or Simvastatin Treatment on Titanium Implants with or without Bone Graft Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133707. [PMID: 34279277 PMCID: PMC8269879 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated and compared ultraviolet (UV) treatment and simvastatin (SIM) immersion effects on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium dental implants at two different time points in rabbit tibias, with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The surface alteration on simvastatin treatment titanium discs was analyzed using an infrared spectrometer. Implants were categorized into four groups according to the surface treatment type. Twelve rabbits received two implants per tibia. A tibial defect model was created using a trephine bur, with implants in contact with the bone surface and bovine bone graft materials for gap filling. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks. UV treatment or SIM immersion increased the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) on nongrafted sides, and both increased the BIC and bone area (BA) on grafted sides. The application of both treatments did not result in higher BIC or BA than a single treatment. At two different time points, BIC in the nongrafted sides did not differ significantly among the UV and/or SIM treated groups, whereas BA differed significantly. UV or SIM treatment of SLA titanium implants accelerates osseointegration in tibias with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The combination of both treatments did not show synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
- Aeromedical Squadron, Republic of Korea Air Force 8th Fighter Wing, Wonju 26304, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Narae Jung
- Oral Science Research Center, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (N.J.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
| | - Hong Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.H.J.); (K.C.O.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3155; Fax: +82-2-312-3598
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Senescence Osteoblast-Derived Exosome-Mediated miR-139-5p Regulates Endothelial Cell Functions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5576023. [PMID: 33954179 PMCID: PMC8064779 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5576023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is considered extremely intricate. Osteoblast differentiation and angiogenesis can greatly affect bone development and formation, given their coupling role in these processes. Exosome-mediated miRNA regulates cellular senescence, proliferation, and differentiation. However, whether senescent osteoblasts can regulate the senescence of vascular endothelial cell by miRNA through exosomal pathway remains unclear. In this study, senescent osteoblasts could regulate endothelial cell function, promote cell senescence and apoptosis, and decrease cell proliferation via exosomal pathway. miR-139-5p showed high expression in senescent osteoblasts and their exosomes. After senescent osteoblast-derived exosome treatment, miR-139-5p was also upregulated in endothelial cells. Furthermore, transfection of miR-139-5p mimic promoted the senescence and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and inhibited their proliferation and migration, whereas transfection of miR-139-5p inhibitor rescued the effect of D-galactose. Using double luciferase assay, TBX1 was confirmed to be a direct target gene of miR-139-5p. In conclusion, senescent osteoblast-derived exosome-mediated miR-139-5p regulated endothelial cell function via exosomal pathway. Our study revealed the role of osteoblast-derived exosomes in the bone environment during aging, providing a clue for inventing a new target therapy.
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Xu L, Sun X, Zhu G, Mao J, Baban B, Qin X. Local delivery of simvastatin maintains tooth anchorage during mechanical tooth moving via anti-inflammation property and AMPK/MAPK/NF-kB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:333-344. [PMID: 33314684 PMCID: PMC7810950 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SMV) could increase tooth anchorage during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, previous studies on its bone‐specific anabolic and anti‐inflammation properties were based on static in vitro and in vivo conditions. AMPK is a stress‐activated kinase that protects tissue against serious damage from overloading inflammation. Rat periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were subjected to a serial of SMV concentrations to investigate the optimization that promoted osteogenic differentiation. The PDLCs in static and/or tensile culturing conditions then received the proper concentration SMV. Related factors expression was measured by the protein array, real‐time PCR and Western blot. The 0.05UM SMV triggered osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The inhibition of AMPK activation through a pharmacological approach (Compound C) caused dramatic decrease in osteogenic/angiogenic gene expression and significant increase in inflammatory NF‐κB phosphorylation. In contrast, pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly inhibited inflammatory factors expression and activated ERK1/2, P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK activation induced by SMV delivery significantly attenuated the osteoclastogenesis and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and NF‐κB in a rodent model of OTM. The current studies suggested that SMV could intrigue intrinsic activation of AMPK in PDLCs that promote attenuate the inflammation which occurred under tensile irritation through AMPK/MAPK/NF‐kB Inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tahamtan S, Shirban F, Bagherniya M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The effects of statins on dental and oral health: a review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Transl Med 2020; 18:155. [PMID: 32252793 PMCID: PMC7132955 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The statin family of drugs are safe and effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to a wide range of health benefits in addition to their cholesterol lowering properties, statins have recently attracted significant attention as a new treatment strategy for several conditions, which are not directly related to normalizing a lipid profile and preventing CVD. Statins exert a variety of beneficial effects on different aspects of oral health, which includes their positive effects on bone metabolism, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and their potential effects on epithelization and wound healing. Additionally, they possess antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungicidal properties, which makes this class of drugs attractive to the field of periodontal diseases and oral and dental health. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive study to date, which has investigated the effects of statin drugs on different aspects of dental and oral health. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper was to review the effect of statins on dental and oral health. Results of our extensive review have indicated that statins possess remarkable and promising effects on several aspects of dental and oral health including chronic periodontitis, alveolar bone loss due to either extraction or chronic periodontitis, osseointegration of implants, dental pulp cells, orthodontic tooth movement, and orthodontic relapse, tissue healing (wound/bone healing), salivary gland function, and finally, anti-cancer effects. Hence, statins can be considered as novel, safe, inexpensive, and widely-accessible therapeutic agents to improve different aspects of dental and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Tahamtan
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Liu C, Zhu J, Hai B, Zhang W, Wang H, Leng H, Xu Y, Song C. Single Intraosseous Injection of Simvastatin Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization, Neovascularization, and Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145:433-443. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic Science. OBJECTIVE To determine if locally delivered simvastatin can enhance bone formation in a rat spinal fusion model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The bone-anabolic properties of statins in fracture healing are well established, however, few studies have evaluated the impact of locally delivered statins in spinal fusion. METHODS We formulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by adapting previously published techniques. Two types of nanoparticles were created: simvastatin nanoparticles (SimNP) and nanoparticles without simvastatin (BlankNP). Drug elution from SimNP was characterized. Osteoblastic differentiation was analyzed using MC3T3-E1 cells cultured in differentiation medium containing SimNP or BlankNP. Forty male 12 week old outbred Wistar rats underwent uninstrumented posterolateral fusion using iliac crest bone graft and BlankNP, SimNP or simvastatin drug. X-rays to assess bone formation were obtained at 4 weeks and 9 weeks post-operatively. Spines were explanted at 9 weeks for micro-CT analysis, and a blinded manual assessment of fusion (MAF). RESULTS SimNP achieved a release efficiency of 74.1% with ∼50% release occurring in the first day. Simvastatin and SimNP treated cells showed significantly greater expression of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN). On micro-CT analysis, SimNP animals had higher bone volume and percent bone volume (bone volume/total volume) than control animals. SimNP rats had higher X-ray scores at 4 weeks (p=0.010) and 9 weeks (p<0.001) relative to BlankNP. MAF showed that SimNP had a higher fusion rate than BlankNP (42.9% vs. 0%, p=0.006). CONCLUSION We were able to validate that sustained release of simvastatin via a PLGA nanoparticle. SimNP was able to induce an increase in mineralization as well as an increase in markers of bone formation. X-ray analysis, micro-CT quantification, and MAF assessment of SimNP treated rats showed significantly greater bone formation and fusion mass strength relative to vehicle treated animals. Simvastatin may be a safe, cost-effective bone anabolic agent for use in spinal fusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Simvastatin improves olanzapine-induced dyslipidemia in rats through inhibiting hepatic mTOR signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1049-1057. [PMID: 30728467 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotic drug (SGA)-induced metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidemia, are a major clinical problem for antipsychotic therapy. Accumulated evidences have shown the efficacy of statins in reducing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we explored whether mTOR signaling was involved in olanzapine (OLZ)-induced dyslipidemia as well as the lipid-lowering effects of cotreatment of simvastatin (Sim) in rats. Model rats received OLZ (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.) for 7 weeks; from the third week a group of model rats were cotreatment of Sim (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.) for 5 weeks. We found that OLZ treatment significantly increased the plasma triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, and promoted lipid accumulation in the liver, whereas cotreatment of Sim reversed OLZ-induced dyslipidemia. Hepatic mTORC1 and p-mTORC1 expression was accelerated in the OLZ treatment group, with upregulation of mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and its target genes, whereas these alterations were ameliorated by Sim cotreatment. In HepG2 cells, rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor) significantly reduced the OLZ-stimulated hepatocellular lipid contents and weakened the ability of Sim to lower lipids via a mechanism associated with the upregulation of SREBP1c-mediated de novo lipogenesis. Our data suggest that OLZ induces lipid accumulation in both plasma and liver, and Sim ameliorates OLZ-induced lipid metabolic dysfunction through its effects on mTOR signaling via reducing SREBP1c activation and the downregulation of gene expression involved in lipogenesis. These data provide a new insight into the prevention of metabolic side effects induced by antipsychotic drugs.
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Venkatesan N, Liyanage AT, Castro-Núñez J, Asafo-Adjei T, Cunningham LL, Dziubla TD, Puleo DA. Biodegradable polymerized simvastatin stimulates bone formation. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:192-199. [PMID: 31055123 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research from our labs demonstrated the synthesis of polymerized simvastatin by ring-opening polymerization and slow degradation with controlled release of simvastatin in vitro. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the degradation and intramembranous bone-forming potential of simvastatin-containing polyprodrugs in vivo using a rat calvarial onlay model. Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin)-ran-poly(glycolide) were compared with simvastatin conventionally encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and pure PLGA. The rate of degradation was higher for PLGA with and without simvastatin relative to the simvastatin polyprodrugs. Significant new bone growth at the circumference of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin) disks was observed beginning at 4 weeks, whereas severe bone resorption (4 weeks) and bone loss (8 weeks) were observed for PLGA loaded with simvastatin. No significant systemic effects were observed for serum total cholesterol and body weight. Increased expression of osteogenic (BMP-2, Runx2, and ALP), angiogenic (VEGF), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and NF-ĸB) genes was seen with all polymers at the end of 8 weeks. Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(simvastatin), with slow degradation and drug release, controlled inflammation, and significant osteogenic effect, is a candidate for use in bone regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Traditional drug delivery systems, e.g., drug encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), are typically passive and have limited drug payload. As an alternative, we polymerized the drug simvastatin, which has multiple physiological effects, into macromolecules ("polysimvastatin") via ring-opening polymerization. We previously demonstrated that the rate of degradation and drug (simvastatin) release can be adjusted by copolymerizing it with other monomers. The present results demonstrate significant new bone growth around polysimvastatin, whereas severe bone loss occurred for PLGA loaded with simvastatin. This degradable biomaterial with biofunctionality integrated into the polymeric backbone is a useful candidate for bone regeneration applications.
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Angiogenesis Changes in Ovariectomized Rats with Osteoporosis Treated with Estrogen Replacement Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1283717. [PMID: 31355247 PMCID: PMC6637705 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1283717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether angiogenesis changes in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy, 120 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group (SHAM), ovariectomy group (OVX), and ovariectomy plus three different estrogen doses replacement therapy groups (OVX + E2). We detected the bone microarchitecture and measured the expression levels of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). CD31 immunofluorescence and silica gel perfusion imaging were used to analyze the vascular distribution. We confirmed that the femur BMD of ovariectomized rats was significantly lower than SHAM group and OVX+E2 groups. After estrogen therapy, the local microvascular formation increased after estrogen treatment in a dose dependent manner. ERβ was downregulated and VEGF was upregulated, positively correlated with estrogen dosage. We successfully constructed an osteoporosis model of ovariectomized rats with estrogen replacement therapy. We also found angiogenesis changed in early menopausal osteoporosis treated with estrogen replacement therapy. We indicated that estrogen replacement therapy increased angiogenesis through VEGF upregulation. However, we observed that, at the highest doses of estrogen studied, increased angiogenesis was associated with a decrease in BMD, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear.
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Moraschini V, Almeida DCF, Calasans-Maia JA, Diuana Calasans-Maia M. The ability of topical and systemic statins to increase osteogenesis around dental implants: a systematic review of histomorphometric outcomes in animal studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:1070-1078. [PMID: 29352637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the quantitative histomorphometric outcomes of animal studies investigating statins as a pro-osteogenic agent to enhance the osseointegration of dental implants. Some animal studies have suggested a beneficial action of statins on bone tissue. Electronic and manual literature searches, without date or language restriction, were performed by two independent review authors up to February 2017. Eligibility criteria included animal trials quantitatively analysing the pro-osteogenic effect of statins on dental implants. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the ARRIVE guidelines. The search and selection process yielded 12 studies, published between 2004 and 2015. The experimental animals models used were rats and dogs. The statins used in the studies were simvastatin and fluvastatin, which were administered locally or systemically, or applied to the implant surface. All of the selected studies showed a statistically significant positive effect of statins on bone formation around implants. The mean quality assessment score (ARRIVE) of the studies was 11.5±2.27 out of a possible total of 25 points. The histomorphometric data from available preclinical studies suggest a positive effect of statins on increasing osteogenesis around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moraschini
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D C F Almeida
- Department of Implantology, Brazilian Air Force, Odontoclínica de Aeronáutica Santos-Dumont, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J A Calasans-Maia
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Diuana Calasans-Maia
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Naqiong W, Liansheng W, Zhanying H, Yuanlin G, Chenggang Z, Ying G, Qian D, Dongchen L, Yanjun Z, Jianjun L. A Multicenter and Randomized Controlled Trial of Bicyclol in the Treatment of Statin-Induced Liver Injury. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:5760-5766. [PMID: 29200411 PMCID: PMC5728082 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bicyclol treatment in statin-induced liver injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 168 patients with liver injury caused by statins. Patients were randomized into two four-week treatment groups: bicyclol 25 mg three times daily or polyene phosphatidylcholine 456 mg three times daily as control. Serum biochemical indexes were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS Significant differences in alanine transaminase (ALT) levels among the three measurements before and after treatment in the two groups at different time points were observed (p<0.01). There was a significant difference (p<0.01) between two weeks and four weeks after treatment compared to the baseline period. There was a significant interaction (p=0.003) between the two groups and time factors. After two and four weeks of treatment, the ALT levels in the control group (68.20±26.31, 50.71±27.13 respectively) were higher compared to the ALT in the bicyclol group (49.33±21.39, 30.36±17.41 respectively) (p<0.01). After four weeks of treatment, the normalization rates of bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups were 74.68% and 46.15%, respectively. The efficacy of bicyclol was significantly better than that of polyene phosphatidylcholine (p<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the bicyclol and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups were 2.53% and 2.56%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences observed between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that trends of ALT changes in the two groups were different, and the improvement of ALT was more obvious in the bicyclol group. Bicyclol is considered to be safe and effective in the treatment of statin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Naqiong
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wang Liansheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhanying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guo Yuanlin
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhu Chenggang
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gao Ying
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dong Qian
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liu Dongchen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Yanjun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Li Jianjun
- Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Moshiri A, Sharifi AM, Oryan A. Role of Simvastatin on fracture healing and osteoporosis: a systematic review on in vivo investigations. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:659-84. [PMID: 27061579 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is a lipid lowering drug whose beneficial role on bone metabolism was discovered in 1999. Several in vivo studies evaluated its role on osteoporosis and fracture healing, however, controversial results are seen in the literature. For this reason, Simvastatin has not been the focus of any clinical trials as yet. This systematic review clears the mechanisms of action of Simvastatin on bone metabolism and focuses on in vivo investigations that have evaluated its role on osteoporosis and fracture repair to find out (i) whether Simvastatin is effective on treatment of osteoporosis and fracture repair, and (ii) which of the many available protocols may have the ability to be translated in the clinical setting. Simvastatin induces osteoinduction by increasing osteoblast activity and differentiation and inhibiting their apoptosis. It also reduces osteoclastogenesis by decreasing both the number and activity of osteoclasts and their differentiation. Controversial results between the in vivo studies are mostly due to the differences in the route of administration, dose, dosage and carrier type. Local delivery of Simvastatin through controlled drug delivery systems with much lower doses and dosages than the systemic route seems to be the most valuable option in fracture healing. However, systemic delivery of Simvastatin with much higher doses and dosages than the clinical ones seems to be effective in managing osteoporosis. Simvastatin, in a particular range of doses and dosages, may be beneficial in managing osteoporosis and fracture injuries. This review showed that Simvastatin is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moshiri
- RAZI Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sharifi
- RAZI Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
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Tian FM, Li SY, Yang K, Luo Y, Dai MW, Liu GY, Song HP, Zhang L. Orally administered simvastatin partially preserves lumbar vertebral bone mass but not integrity of intervertebral discs in ovariectomized rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:877-884. [PMID: 28450913 PMCID: PMC5403518 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of orally administered simvastatin on lumbar vertebral bone mass and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. A total of 30 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy (n=20) or sham surgery (n=10). After 12 weeks, the OVX rats were orally administered either saline vehicle (OVX + V group; n=10), or 5 mg/kg/day simvastatin (OVX + SIM group; n=10). Following 12 weeks of treatment, necropsy was conducted and bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in the L5-6 vertebrae. Furthermore, the microstructure and biomechanical properties of the L3 vertebrae were detected by micro-computed tomography and compression testing, respectively. The L5-6 vertebrae were analyzed by measurement of IVD height, observation of histological changes by van Gieson staining, and evaluation of collagen-II (col-II), aggrecan (AGG) and collagen I (col-I) expression by immunohistochemical analysis. Rats in the OVX+V group had lower BMD, bone volume/trabecular volume ratio, maximum load and elastic modulus than the sham group. Rats in the OVX + SIM group had higher BMD and biomechanical strength values than the rats in the OVX+V group. Histological analysis showed that the OVX + V and OVX + SIM groups exhibited significantly higher disc degeneration scores and significantly lower IVD height than the sham group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lower expression levels of col-II and AGG, but higher levels of col-I in the annulus fibrosis and endplate in OVX+V rats compared with the sham group. The OVX + SIM group exhibited levels of col-II, AGG and col-I expression comparable with those of OVX+V rats, with the exception of an upregulation of col-II expression in the annulus fibrosis. These data demonstrate that simvastatin treatment partially prevented bone loss and the deterioration of biomechanical properties of lumbar vertebrae, but not the progression of IVD degeneration in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Tian
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Wei Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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Zhang W, Liu C, Hai B, Du G, Wang H, Leng H, Xu Y, Song C. A Convenient In Vivo Model Using Small Interfering RNA Silencing to Rapidly Assess Skeletal Gene Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167222. [PMID: 27893850 PMCID: PMC5125699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to study bone in vitro because it contains various cell types that engage in cross-talk. Bone biologically links various organs, and it has thus become increasingly evident that skeletal physiology must be studied in an integrative manner in an intact animal. We developed a model using local intraosseous small interfering RNA (siRNA) injection to rapidly assess the effects of a target gene on the local skeletal environment. In this model, 160-g male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 1-2 weeks. The left tibia received intraosseous injection of a parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (Pth1r) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf-1r) siRNA transfection complex loaded in poloxamer 407 hydrogel, and the right tibia received the same volume of control siRNA. All the tibias received an intraosseous injection of recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rhPTH (1-34)) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Calcein green and alizarin red were injected 6 and 2 days before euthanasia, respectively. IGF-1R and PTH1R expression levels were detected via RT-PCR assays and immunohistochemistry. Bone mineral density (BMD), microstructure, mineral apposition rates (MARs), and strength were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-CT, histology and biomechanical tests. The RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry results revealed that IGF-1R and PTH1R expression levels were dramatically diminished in the siRNA-treated left tibias compared to the right tibias (both p<0.05). Using poloxamer 407 hydrogel as a controlled-release system prolonged the silencing effect of a single dose of siRNA; the mRNA expression levels of IGF-1R were lower at two weeks than at one week (p<0.01). The BMD, bone microstructure parameters, MAR and bone strength were significantly decreased in the left tibias compared to the right tibias (all p<0.05). This simple and convenient local intraosseous siRNA injection model achieved gene silencing with very small quantities of siRNA over a short treatment period (≤7 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Hai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Du
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yingsheng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Fu X, Tan J, Sun CG, Leng HJ, Xu YS, Song CL. Intraosseous Injection of Simvastatin in Poloxamer 407 Hydrogel Improves Pedicle-Screw Fixation in Ovariectomized Minipigs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1924-1932. [PMID: 27852910 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis leads to poor osseointegration and reduces implant stability. Statins have been found to stimulate bone formation, but the bioavailability from oral administration is low. Local application may be more effective at augmenting bone formation and enhancing implant stability. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of an intraosseous injection of simvastatin in thermosensitive poloxamer 407 hydrogel to enhance pedicle-screw fixation in calcium-restricted ovariectomized minipigs. METHODS Nine mature female Guangxi Bama minipigs underwent bilateral ovariectomy and were fed a calcium-restricted diet for 18 months. Simvastatin (0, 0.5, or 1 mg) in thermosensitive poloxamer 407 hydrogel was injected into the lumbar vertebrae (L4-L6), and titanium alloy pedicle screws were implanted. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of the lumbar vertebrae were determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and 3 months after treatment. The lumbar vertebrae were harvested and analyzed with use of microcomputed tomography, biomechanical pull-out testing, histological analysis, and Western blot analysis for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. RESULTS Evaluation over a 3-month study period demonstrated that the BMD of the vertebrae injected with 0.5 and 1.0 mg of simvastatin had increased by 31.25% and 31.09%, respectively, compared with vehicle-only injection (p ≤ 0.00014 for both) and increased by 32.12% and 28.16%, respectively, compared with the pre-treatment levels (p < 0.0001 for both). A single injection of simvastatin in poloxamer 407 increased trabecular volume fraction, thickness, and number and decreased trabecular separation (p ≤ 0.002). The bone formation and mineral apposition rates significantly increased (p ≤ 0.023). The percentage of osseointegration in the simvastatin 0.5 and 1-mg groups was 46.54% and 42.63% greater, respectively, than that in the vehicle-only group (p ≤ 0.006), and the maximum pull-out strength was 45.75% and 51.53% greater, respectively, than in the vehicle-only group (p ≤ 0.0005). BMP-2 and VEGF expressions were higher than for the vehicle-only injection. CONCLUSIONS A single intraosseous injection of simvastatin in thermosensitive poloxamer 407 hydrogel stimulated bone formation, increased BMD, improved bone microstructure, promoted osseointegration, and significantly enhanced the stability of pedicle screws in calcium-restricted ovariectomized minipigs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide rationale for evaluating intraosseous injection of simvastatin in poloxamer 407 to enhance implant fixation in patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fu
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - J Tan
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C G Sun
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Leng
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y S Xu
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Song
- Departments of Orthopedics (X.F., J.T., C.G.S., H.J.L., and C.L.S.) and Neurology (Y.S.X.), Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Vassalle C, Mazzone A. Bone loss and vascular calcification: A bi-directional interplay? Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 86:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu H, Li W, Liu C, Tan J, Wang H, Hai B, Cai H, Leng HJ, Liu ZJ, Song CL. Incorporating simvastatin/poloxamer 407 hydrogel into 3D-printed porous Ti
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V scaffolds for the promotion of angiogenesis, osseointegration and bone ingrowth. Biofabrication 2016; 8:045012. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sendyk DI, Deboni MCZ, Pannuti CM, Naclério-Homem MG, Wennerberg A. The influence of statins on osseointegration: a systematic review of animal model studies. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:873-882. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. I. Sendyk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. C. Z. Deboni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - C. M. Pannuti
- Division of Periodontics; Department of Stomatology; Faculty of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. G. Naclério-Homem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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The influence of oral administration of rosuvastatin on calvarial bone healing in rats. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016; 44:1327-32. [PMID: 27527680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of the systemic administration of different doses of rosuvastatin (RSV) on autogenous grafted critical-sized cortical bone defects. Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: Group C (control), Group RSV-2 and Group RSV-5. A 5-mm diameter critical-size defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by autogenous graft only and rats were given saline solution with oral gavage for 28 days. In Group RSV-2 defects were filled with autogenous graft and rats were given 2 mg/kg rosuvastatin with oral gavage for 28 days. In Group RSV-5 defects were filled with autogenous graft and rats were given 5 mg/kg rosuvastatin with oral gavage for 28 days. All animals were euthanized at 28 days postoperative. Stereologic and micro-CT analyses were performed. New bone area (NBA) and connective tissue volumes were measured. Stereologic analysis showed that Group RSV-5 and RSV-2 had significantly more new bone at 4 weeks compared with group C. Connective tissue volumes were also significantly higher in RSV applicated groups. New bone and connective tissue volumes' difference were not statistically significant between RSV groups. Micro-CT results were similar with stereologic analyses. Orally administered RSV enhances bone regeneration in critical size calvarial rat defects filled with autogenous graft furthermore possible inflammatory effect should be investigated.
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Oryan A, Kamali A, Moshiri A. Potential mechanisms and applications of statins on osteogenesis: Current modalities, conflicts and future directions. J Control Release 2015; 215:12-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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