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Patra SK, Sahoo RK, Biswal S, Panda SS, Biswal BK. Enigmatic exosomal connection in lung cancer drug resistance. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102177. [PMID: 38617976 PMCID: PMC11015513 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a significant global health concern with limited treatment options and poor prognosis, particularly in advanced stages. Small extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, secreted by cancer cells, play a pivotal role in mediating drug resistance in lung cancer. Exosomes have been found to facilitate intercellular communication by transferring various biomolecules between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Additionally, exosomes can transport signaling molecules promoting cancer cell survival and proliferation conferring resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, exosomes can modulate the tumor microenvironment by inducing phenotypic changes hindering drug response. Understanding the role of exosomes in mediating drug resistance in lung cancer is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to overcome treatment limitations. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on conventional and emerging drug resistance mechanisms and the involvement of exosomes as well as exosome-mediated factors mediating drug resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K. Patra
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Rajeev K. Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Stuti Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Shikshya S. Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh Kumar Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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2
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Xing Y, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Tianran H, Dong L, Tian J, Liu J. Low-dose cadmium induces lymphangiogenesis through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116741. [PMID: 38744218 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that poses significant threat to public health. After intake, Cd is distributed throughout the body via blood and lymphatic circulation. However, the effect of Cd on lymphatic vessels has not been revealed. In this study, mice were exposed to 10 μM cadmium chloride through drinking water immediately after corneal alkali burn. In vivo analyses showed that Cd treatment enhances the alkali burn-induced corneal lymphangiogenesis, which is characterized by increased expression of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). In vitro, the proliferation and migration of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) are increased by 1 μM Cd treatment, while inhibited by 10 μM Cd treatment. At a concentration of 1 μM, Cd specifically induces phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), but has no effect on the MAPK, AKT, or NF-κB signaling pathway. In the presence of the STAT3 inhibitor STATTIC, Cd fails to induce HDLECs proliferation and migration. In addition, Cd upregulates VEGFR3 expression and its gene promoter activity in a STAT3-dependent manner. Our study suggests that low-dose Cd promotes lymphangiogenesis through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, 250014, China; Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huai Tianran
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China; School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jinghui Tian
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Béland LC, Roussel S, Bertrand N, Hébert SS, Vallières L. Optimization of a lipid nanoparticle-based protocol for RNA transfection into primary mononuclear phagocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1165-1176. [PMID: 38466819 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effective delivery of synthetic RNA into mononuclear phagocytes is a prerequisite for experimental research and therapeutic development. However, traditional methods are highly ineffective and toxic for these cells. Here, we aimed to optimize a transfection protocol for primary bone marrow-derived phagocytes, specifically dendritic cells and macrophages, using lipid nanoparticles generated by microfluidics. Our results show that a lipid mixture similar to that used in Moderna's COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccine outperforms the others tested. Improved messenger RNA transfection can be achieved by replacing uridine with methylpseudouridine but not methoxyuridine, which interferes with transfection. The addition of diphenyleneiodonium or apocynin can enhance transfection in a cell type-dependent manner without adverse effects, while apolipoprotein E provides no added value. These optimized transfection conditions can also be used for microRNA agonists and antagonists. In sum, this study offers a straightforward, highly efficient, reproducible, and nontoxic protocol to deliver RNA into different primary mononuclear phagocytes in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Béland
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sabrina Roussel
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Luc Vallières
- Neuroscience Unit, University Hospital Center of Quebec-Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
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Wu HH, Leng S, Sergi C, Leng R. How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5865. [PMID: 38892054 PMCID: PMC11172831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
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Huang Q, Zhong X, Li J, Hu R, Yi J, Sun J, Xu Y, Zhou X. Exosomal ncRNAs: Multifunctional contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116409. [PMID: 38460375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant liver cancer characterized by aggressive progression, unfavorable prognosis, and an increasing global health burden. Therapies that precisely target immunological checkpoints and immune cells have gained significant attention as possible therapeutics in recent years. In truth, the efficacy of immunotherapy is heavily contingent upon the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have indicated that exosomes serve as a sophisticated means of communication among biomolecules, executing an essential part in the TME of immune suppression. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can induce the activation of tumor cells and immunosuppressive immune cells that suppress the immune system, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), CD+8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and regulatory B cells (Bregs). This cell-cell crosstalk triggered by exosomal ncRNAs promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis, angiogenesis, malignant phenotype transformation, and drug resistance. Hence, it is imperative to comprehend how exosomal ncRNAs regulate tumor cells or immune cells within the TME to devise more comprehensive and productive immunotherapy programs. This study discusses the features of exosomal ncRNAs in HCC and how the activation of the exosomes redefines the tumor's immunosuppressive microenvironment, hence facilitating the advancement of HCC. Furthermore, we also explored the potential of exosomal ncRNAs as a viable biological target or natural vehicle for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Rui Hu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jinyu Yi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China; Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jialing Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao PR China.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Chen J, He F, Peng H, Guo J. The underlying mechanism and targeted therapy strategy of miRNAs cross-regulating EMT process through multiple signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1378386. [PMID: 38584703 PMCID: PMC10995332 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1378386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The consistent notion holds that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) initiation, progression, and clinical treatment failure treatment failure are affected by the accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an irreplaceable role in a variety of physiological and pathological states. meanwhile, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial biological process that controls the development of HCC. miRNAs regulate the intermediation state of EMTor mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MTE)thereby regulating HCC progression. Notably, miRNAs regulate key HCC-related molecular pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, TGF-β pathway, and RAS/MAPK pathway. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed how miRNAs produce EMT effects by multiple signaling pathways and their potential significance in the pathogenesis and treatment response of HCC. emphasizing their molecular pathways and progression in HCC initiation. Additionally, we also pay attention to regulatory mechanisms that are partially independent of signaling pathways. Finally, we summarize and propose miRNA-targeted therapy and diagnosis and defense strategies forHCC. The identification of the mechanism leading to the activation of EMT programs during HCC disease processes also provides a new protocol for the plasticity of distinct cellular phenotypes and possible therapeutic interventions. Consequently, we summarize the latest progress in this direction, with a promising path for further insight into this fast-moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuguo He
- Department of Pathology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Tian L, Lu J, Ng IOL. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma - is there a link? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368898. [PMID: 38476233 PMCID: PMC10927723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, with high recurrence rates and notorious resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Cancer stemness refers to the stem-cell-like phenotype of cancer cells and has been recognized to play important roles in different aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are small membranous particles secreted by cells that can transfer bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, to neighboring or distant cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of sEVs in modulating different aspects of the cancer stemness properties of HCC. Furthermore, sEVs derived from diverse cellular sources, such as cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, contribute to the maintenance of the cancer stemness phenotype in HCC. Through cargo transfer, specific signaling pathways are activated within the recipient cells, thus promoting the stemness properties. Additionally, sEVs can govern the secretion of growth factors from non-cancer cells to further maintain their stemness features. Clinically, plasma sEVs may hold promise as potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and treatment prediction. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which sEVs promote cancer stemness in HCC is crucial, as targeting sEV-mediated communication may offer novel strategies in treatment and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Yang L, Gao X, Tian D, Yang W, Xue S, Cao Z, Sun T. Resolvin D2 activates anti-inflammatory microglia via restoring autophagy flux and alleviate neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114573. [PMID: 37858697 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a fatal and intractable disease accompanied by the comorbidity of chronic neuropathic pain. Here, we purposed to explore the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Resolvin D2 (RvD2) on neuropathic pain after SCI. The in vivo model of traumatic SCI rats was established. Primary microglia isolated from neonatal rats were induced by TNF-α in vitro. The locomotor ability was assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Besnahan score. Hargreaves methods and Von Frey fibrofilaments were used to evaluate the symptoms of neuropathic pain including allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats. The cytotoxicity of RvD2 was evaluated by MTT assay. ELISA kit was applied to access the levels of inflammatory factors. And the expression levels of related mRNA and proteins were determined by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The targeting relationship between miR-155 and PTEN was verified by dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay. We found that RvD2 mitigated locomotor dysfunction, allodynia and hyperalgesia of SCI rats. In addition, RvD2 treatment suppressed pro-inflammatory phenotype but promoted anti-inflammatory differentiation in microglia. Furthermore, RvD2 treatment inhibited the upregulated expression level of miR-155 which was caused by NF-κB activation and then recovered the autophagy flux via targeting PTEN, thereby relieving the inflammatory response in the TNF-α-induced primary microglia. In summary, RvD2 treatment could recover the autophagy flux via suppressing NF-κB-modulated miR-155 expression to activate anti-inflammatory microglia and then inhibit the inflammatory response and even mitigate neuropathic pain following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021,China; Department of Pain Management, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264200,China
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Department of Pain Management, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264200,China
| | - Demin Tian
- Department of Pain Management, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264200,China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021,China
| | - Zhenxin Cao
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021,China; Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Li S, Dong R, Kang Z, Li H, Wu X, Li T. Exosomes: Another intercellular lipometabolic communication mediators in digestive system neoplasms? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:93-100. [PMID: 37541791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neoplasms are one of the most concerned public health problems worldwide. Digestive system neoplasms, with a high morbidity and mortality, is one of the most common malignant tumors in human being. It is found that exosomes act as an intercellular communication media to carry the metabolic and genetic information of parental cells to target cells. Likely, exosomes participate in lipid metabolism and regulates multiple processes in digestive system neoplasms, including the information transmission among cancer cells, the formation of neoplastic microenvironment, and the neoplastic biological behaviors like metastasis, invasion, and the chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we firstly introduce the main mechanisms whereas exosomes act as intercellular lipometabolic communication mediator in digestive system neoplasms. Thereafter we introduce the relationship between exosomes lipid metabolism and various type of digestive system neoplasms, including gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Eventually, we summarized and prospected the development and implication of exosomes in digestive system neoplasms. The further research of exosomes as intercellular lipid metabolism mediator will contribute to accurate and efficient diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruizhi Dong
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hucheng Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China; Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Li T, Jiao J, Ke H, Ouyang W, Wang L, Pan J, Li X. Role of exosomes in the development of the immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200201. [PMID: 37457718 PMCID: PMC10339802 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous improved treatment methods used in recent years, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a disease with a high mortality rate. Many recent studies have shown that immunotherapy has great potential for cancer treatment. Exosomes play a significant role in negatively regulating the immune system in HCC. Understanding how these exosomes play a role in innate and adaptive immunity in HCC can significantly improve the immunotherapeutic effects on HCC. Further, engineered exosomes can deliver different drugs and RNA molecules to regulate the immune microenvironment of HCC by regulating the aforementioned immune pathway, thereby significantly improving the mortality rate of HCC. This study aimed to declare the role of exosomes in the development of the immune microenvironment in HCC and list engineered exosomes that could be used for clinical transformation therapy. These findings might be beneficial for clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanghua Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Jiao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoteng Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Ouyang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luobin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Pan
- The Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, Hongkong SAR, China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Stabile R, Cabezas MR, Verhagen MP, Tucci FA, van den Bosch TPP, De Herdt MJ, van der Steen B, Nigg AL, Chen M, Ivan C, Shimizu M, Koljenović S, Hardillo JA, Verrijzer CP, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, Calin GA, Fodde R. The deleted in oral cancer (DOC1 aka CDK2AP1) tumor suppressor gene is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma by multiple microRNAs. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:337. [PMID: 37217493 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1; also known as deleted in oral cancer or DOC1) is a tumor suppressor gene known to play functional roles in both cell cycle regulation and in the epigenetic control of embryonic stem cell differentiation, the latter as a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex. In the vast majority of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), expression of the CDK2AP1 protein is reduced or lost. Notwithstanding the latter (and the DOC1 acronym), mutations or deletions in its coding sequence are extremely rare. Accordingly, CDK2AP1 protein-deficient oral cancer cell lines express as much CDK2AP1 mRNA as proficient cell lines. Here, by combining in silico and in vitro approaches, and by taking advantage of patient-derived data and tumor material in the analysis of loss of CDK2AP1 expression, we identified a set of microRNAs, namely miR-21-5p, miR-23b-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-155-5p, which inhibit its translation in both cell lines and patient-derived OSCCs. Of note, no synergistic effects were observed of the different miRs on the CDK2AP1-3-UTR common target. We also developed a novel approach to the combined ISH/IF tissue microarray analysis to study the expression patterns of miRs and their target genes in the context of tumor architecture. Last, we show that CDK2AP1 loss, as the result of miRNA expression, correlates with overall survival, thus highlighting the clinical relevance of these processes for carcinomas of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Stabile
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Román Cabezas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs P Verhagen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco A Tucci
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria J De Herdt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berdine van der Steen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex L Nigg
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Center of Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Center of Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Caris Life Science, Irving, TX, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Center of Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jose A Hardillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Peter Verrijzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Baatenburg de Jong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Center of Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, and Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Riccardo Fodde
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gondaliya P, Sayyed AA, Driscoll J, Patel K, Patel T. Extracellular vesicle RNA signaling in the liver tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216089. [PMID: 36758739 PMCID: PMC9992346 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver cancers such as hepatocellular cancer (HCC) consists of a complex milieu of liver tissue-resident cells, infiltrated immune cells, and secreted factors that collectively serve to promote tumor growth and progression. Intercellular crosstalk contributes to tissue homeostasis, and perturbations during injury, inflammation and tumorigenesis that are important for tumor progression. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of a payload of RNA molecules that serve as an intercellular signaling is an important contributor to tissue homeostasis within the TME. Several types of RNA have been implicated in EV-mediated signaling. Biological processes that can be modulated by EV RNA signaling within the liver include tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and modulation of the immune cell activities. This mini-review describes the liver TME, and the biological effects of EV RNA-mediated signaling within the liver to highlight the role of EV RNA in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gondaliya
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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13
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Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
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14
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Xue X, Wang J, Fu K, Dai S, Wu R, Peng C, Li Y. The role of miR-155 on liver diseases by modulating immunity, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109775. [PMID: 36753984 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a well-known metabolic organ that can be susceptible to external stimuli to affect its normal physiological function. Worldwide, the morbidity and mortality of liver diseases are skyrocketing every year, causing human health crises. Recently, new approaches such as biotechnology have been introduced to achieve optimal treatment and prognostic management of liver diseases. microRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of small non-coding RNA molecule, have the advantages of biodiversity, wide distribution and numerous members. Among these miRNAs, miR-155 is an important regulator of inflammation, immunity and tumorigenesis. In this review, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from 2009 to 2022. After inclusion and exclusion, 64 articles were selected for a systematic review to comprehensively summarize the mechanisms of miR-155 regulating inflammation, immunity and tumorigenesis in liver diseases and liver cancer, covering in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Existing preclinical studies and clinical trials have listed that the up-regulation and down-regulation of miR-155 are significant in alcoholic liver injury, viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, infectious liver injury, liver transplantation and liver cancer. The immune and inflammation effects of miR-155 are manifested by regulating macrophage polarization, NK cell killing, Th17 cell and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation. Additionally, miR-155 is also committed to participating in the cell cycle, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and other processes to promote and intensify the development of liver cancer. In conclusion, miR-155 is not only a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver diseases, but also plays a therapeutic role via regulating immunity, inflammation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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15
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Kalkusova K, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Smrz D. The Role of miR-155 in Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5414. [PMID: 36358832 PMCID: PMC9659277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs belong to a group of short non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at multiple levels. Their function was described two decades ago, and, since then, microRNAs have become a rapidly developing field of research. Their participation in the regulation of cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, cell growth, and migration, made microRNAs attractive for cancer research. Moreover, as a single microRNA can simultaneously target multiple molecules, microRNAs offer a unique advantage in regulating multiple cellular processes in different cell types. Many of these cell types are tumor cells and the cells of the immune system. One of the most studied microRNAs in the context of cancer and the immune system is miR-155. MiR-155 plays a role in modulating innate and adaptive immune mechanisms in distinct immune cell types. As such, miR-155 can be part of the communication between the tumor and immune cells and thus impact the process of tumor immunoediting. Several studies have already revealed its effect on antitumor immune responses, and the targeting of this molecule is increasingly implemented in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of miR-155 in the regulation of antitumor immunity and the shaping of the tumor microenvironment, and the plausible implementation of miR-155 targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kalkusova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Intercellular communication in the tumour microecosystem: Mediators and therapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166528. [PMID: 36007784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common tumours worldwide, is one of the main causes of mortality in cancer patients. There are still numerous problems hindering its early diagnosis, which lead to late patients receiving treatment, and these problems need to be solved urgently. The tumour microecosystem is a complex network system comprising seven parts: the hypoxia niche, immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, mechanical microenvironment, and microbial microenvironment. Intercellular communication is divided into direct contact and indirect communication. Direct contact communication includes gap junctions, tunneling nanotubes, and receptor-ligand interactions, whereas indirect communication includes exosomes, apoptotic vesicles, and soluble factors. Mechanical communication and cytoplasmic exchange are further means of intercellular communication. Intercellular communication mediates the crosstalk between the tumour microecosystem and the host as well as that between cells and cell-free components in the tumour microecosystem, causing changes in the tumour hallmarks of the HCC microecosystem such as changes in tumour proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammatory response, gene mutation, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we review the role of the above-mentioned intercellular communication in the HCC microecosystem and discuss the advantages of targeted intercellular communication in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Finally, the current problems and prospects are discussed.
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18
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Yang S, Wang J, Wang S, Zhou A, Zhao G, Li P. Roles of small extracellular vesicles in the development, diagnosis and possible treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:91. [PMID: 35674180 PMCID: PMC9262158 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy of hepatocytes accounting for 75-85% of primary hepatic carcinoma cases. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), previously known as exosomes with a diameter of 30-200 nm, can transport a variety of biological molecules between cells, and have been proposed to function in physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that the cargos of sEVs are implicated in intercellular crosstalk among HCC cells, paratumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. sEV-encapsulated substances (including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids) regulate signal transduction pathways in recipient cells and contribute to cancer initiation and progression in HCC. In addition, the differential expression of sEV cargos between patients facilitates the potential utility of sEVs in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with HCC. Furthermore, the intrinsic properties of low immunogenicity and high stability render sEVs ideal vehicles for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of HCC. The present review article summarizes the carcinogenic and anti-neoplastic capacities of sEVs and discusses the potential and prospective diagnostic and therapeutic applications of sEVs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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19
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Zelli V, Compagnoni C, Capelli R, Corrente A, Di Vito Nolfi M, Zazzeroni F, Alesse E, Tessitore A. Role of exosomal microRNAs in cancer therapy and drug resistance mechanisms: focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940056. [PMID: 35912267 PMCID: PMC9334682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined as intercellular messengers that carry their cargos between cells, are involved in several physiological and pathological processes. These small membranous vesicles are released by most cells and contain biological molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which can modulate signaling pathways of nearby or distant recipient cells. Exosomes, one the most characterized classes of EVs, include, among others, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs able to regulate the expression of several genes at post-transcriptional level. In cancer, exosomal miRNAs have been shown to influence tumor behavior and reshape tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, their possible involvement in drug resistance mechanisms has become evident in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the major type of liver cancer, accounting for 75-85% of all liver tumors. Although the improvement in HCC treatment approaches, low therapeutic efficacy in patients with intermediate-advanced HCC is mainly related to the development of tumor metastases, high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Exosomes have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis and progression of HCC, as well as in drug resistance, by regulating processes such as cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune response. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the involvement of exosomal miRNAs in HCC therapy, highlighting their role as modulators of therapeutic response, particularly chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as possible therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Compagnoni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Capelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Corrente
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Advanced Therapies, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Tessitore,
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20
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Devvanshi H, Kachhwaha R, Manhswita A, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P. Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895254. [PMID: 35517798 PMCID: PMC9065684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stringent balance of the immune system is a key regulatory factor in defining successful implantation, fetal development, and timely parturition. Interference in these primary regulatory mechanisms, either at adolescence or prenatal state led to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fertility restoration with the help of injectable gonadotrophins/progesterone, ovulation-inducing drugs, immunomodulatory drugs (corticosteroids), and reproductive surgeries provides inadequate responses, which manifest its own side effects. The development of a potential diagnostic biomarker and an effectual treatment for adverse pregnancy outcomes is a prerequisite to maternal and child health. Parent cell originated bi-layered-intraluminal nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) also known as exosomes are detected in all types of bodily fluids like blood, saliva, breast milk, urine, etc. Exosomes being the most biological residual structures with the least cytotoxicity are loaded with cargo in the form of RNAs (miRNAs), proteins (cytokines), hormones (estrogen, progesterone, etc.), cDNAs, and metabolites making them chief molecules of cell-cell communication. Their keen involvement in the regulation of biological processes has portrayed them as the power shots of cues to understand the disease's pathophysiology and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of immunexosomes (immunomodulating exosomes) in maintaining unwavering immune homeostasis between the mother and developing fetus for a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, the concentration and size of the exosomes are extensively studied in adverse pregnancies like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROMs) as an early diagnostic marker, thus giving in-depth information about their pathophysiology. Exosomes have also been engineered physically as well as genetically to enhance their encapsulation efficiency and specificity in therapy for cancer and adverse pregnancies. Successful bench to bedside discoveries and interventions in cancer has motivated developmental biologists to investigate the role of immunexosomes and their active components. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical studies for the use of these power-shots as therapeutic agents. We envisage that these studies will pave the path for the use of immunexosomes in clinical settings for reproductive problems that arise due to immune perturbance in homeostasis either at adolescence or prenatal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Devvanshi
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rohit Kachhwaha
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Anima Manhswita
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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21
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Shi Y, Qiu B, Huang L, Lin J, Li Y, Ze Y, Huang C, Yao Y. Exosomes and ferroptosis: roles in tumour regulation and new cancer therapies. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13238. [PMID: 35497192 PMCID: PMC9053300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the biological role of exosomes is rapidly developing, and recent evidence suggests that exosomal effects involve ferroptosis. Exosomes derived from different tissues inhibit ferroptosis, which increases tumour cell chemoresistance. Therefore, exosome-mediated regulation of ferroptosis may be leveraged to design anticancer drugs. This review discusses three pathways of exosome-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis: (1) the Fenton reaction; (2) the ferroptosis defence system, including the Xc-GSH-GPX4 axis and the FSP1/CoQ10/NAD(P)H axis; and (3) lipid peroxidation. We also summarize three recent approaches for combining exosomes and ferroptosis in oncology therapy: (1) promoting exosome-inhibited ferroptosis to enhance chemotherapy; (2) encapsulating exosomes with ferroptosis inducers to inhibit cancers; and (3) developing therapies that combine exosomal inhibitors and ferroptosis inducers. This review will contribute toward establishing effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingrun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Poly-adenine-mediated spherical nucleic acid probes for live cell fluorescence imaging of tumor-related microRNAs. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3705-3712. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Espejo-Cruz ML, González-Rubio S, Zamora-Olaya J, Amado-Torres V, Alejandre R, Sánchez-Frías M, Ciria R, De la Mata M, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Ferrín G. Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review and Critical Appraisal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313073. [PMID: 34884878 PMCID: PMC8657934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common neoplasm and a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There is no ideal biomarker allowing early diagnosis of HCC and tumor surveillance in patients receiving therapy. Liquid biopsy, and particularly circulating tumor cells (CTCs), have emerged as a useful tool for diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic responses in different tumors. In the present manuscript, we evaluate the current evidence supporting the quantitative and qualitative assessment of CTCs as potential biomarkers of HCC, as well as technical aspects related to isolation, identification, and classification of CTCs. Although the dynamic assessment of CTCs in patients with HCC may aid the decision-making process, there are still many uncertainties and technical caveats to be solved before this methodology has a true impact on clinical practice guidelines. More studies are needed to identify the optimal combination of surface markers, to increase the efficiency of ex-vivo expansion of CTCs, or even to target CTCs as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent HCC recurrence after surgery or to hamper tumor progression and extrahepatic spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lola Espejo-Cruz
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Sandra González-Rubio
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Javier Zamora-Olaya
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor Amado-Torres
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Alejandre
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marina Sánchez-Frías
- Department of Pathology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rubén Ciria
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel De la Mata
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Gustavo Ferrín
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.L.E.-C.); (S.G.-R.); (J.Z.-O.); (V.A.-T.); (R.A.); (R.C.); (M.D.l.M.); (G.F.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Su H, Su L. Non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma-A systematic review. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101736. [PMID: 34146723 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, and its incidence is increasing globally. Despite significant advances in treatment strategies for HCC, the prognosis is still poor due to its high recurrence rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of HCC and further develop new therapies to improve the prognosis and quality of life of HCC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that is abnormally expressed in cancer-associated genomic regions or vulnerable sites. More and more findings have shown that miRNAs are important regulatory factors of mRNA expression in HCC, and they are receiving more and more attention as a possible key biomarker of HCC. This review mainly summarizes the potential applied value on miRNAs as diagnostic, drug resistant, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of HCC. Also, we summarize the research value of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and miRNAs network in HCC as novel biomarkers, aiming at providing some references for the therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhao
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Morphology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Huahua Su
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lijia Su
- The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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25
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Wang M, Wang Y, Ye F, Yu K, Wei W, Liu M, Wang R, Cui S. Exosome encapsulated ncRNAs in the development of HCC: potential circulatory biomarkers and clinical therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3794-3812. [PMID: 34522450 PMCID: PMC8414376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most deadly malignant cancer in the world and has the third highest mortality rate among cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its poor prognosis can be attributed to late diagnosis, high risk of recurrence and drug resistance. Therefore, finding a new biomarker to help us in the early diagnosis, and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in recurrence and drug resistance is a reasonable research direction for clinical treatment of HCC. At present, the exosomes related to HCC have been confirmed to carry ncRNAs, transfer them to target cells, and bind corresponding target molecules. Furthermore, they affect the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inhibiting the function of the body's immune system. They play an important role in the recurrence and resistance of HCC. Besides, exosomes are stably expressed in body fluids such as sera, are easy to collect and cause little harm to the human body. They are the best candidates for liquid biopsy. Therefore, exosomal ncRNAs have application prospects as biomarkers and targeted molecules for therapy. This article summarizes the current research involving ncRNAs in HCC-related exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Ye
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weicheng Wei
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muyue Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital of PLANanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyun Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Zheng W, Ji D, Zhou Y, Yu L, Huang P, Zheng Y, Meng N, Wang H, Bai X, Huang Z, Chen W, Yam JWP, Xu Y, Cui Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in Hepatobiliary Cancer: A Rising Star. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:1777-1788. [PMID: 34376575 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a dismal prognosis. Despite intensive research efforts focused on these tumors, methods for early diagnosis and effective targeted therapies are still lacking. Exosomes, released by most cells, exist in all kinds of body fluids and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. They are small membranous vesicles containing biological molecules, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are not translated into proteins, but they exert effects on the regulation of gene transcription and translation. There is growing evidence for the essential roles of ncRNAs in exosomes in both physiological and pathological conditions of hepatobiliary cancers. They have been identified as sensitive diagnostic biomarkers as well as potential therapeutic targets. The present review discusses recent findings in the crosstalk between hepatobiliary cancers cells and the surrounding cells of the microenvironment and discuss their potential clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Zheng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Daolin Ji
- Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yongxu Zhou
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Liang Yu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Peng Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Yuling Zheng
- Department of Pediatric, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Hang Wang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma/Cancer Center, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute/Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - ZiYue Huang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Wangming Chen
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Judy W P Yam
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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27
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Zou Y, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Huang D, Guo Y, Zhou D, Li PL. Release and Actions of Inflammatory Exosomes in Pulmonary Emphysema: Potential Therapeutic Target of Acupuncture. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3501-3521. [PMID: 34335040 PMCID: PMC8318722 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s312385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes have been reported to mediate activation of the inflammatory response by secretion of inflammasome products such as IL-1β or IL-18 and that changes in exosomes production or secretion may be a therapeutic target for treatment of a variety of different chronic diseases. The present study tested the hypothesis that exosome-mediated release of NLRP3 inflammasome products instigates the inflammatory response in the lung during emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and that electroacupuncture (EA) may attenuate emphysema by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequent inflammation. METHODS The COPD mice model was developed by injecting porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) via puncture tracheotomy and instillation. EA (4 Hz/20 Hz, 1 to 3 mA) was applied to the bilateral BL13 and ST36 for 30 min, once every other day for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure lung function. Histopathological changes in the lungs were displayed by HE staining. RESULTS In a mouse model of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema, the lung tissue was found to display several key features of emphysema, including alveolar septal thickening, enlarged alveoli, interstitial edema, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Lungs of mice receiving PPE exhibited substantially increased low attenuation area (LAA) in micro-CT images. The colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1 detected by confocal microscopy was shown to increase in both bronchial and alveolar walls, indicating the increased formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. IL-1β, a prototype NLRP3 inflammasome activating product, was also found to have increased in the lung during emphysema, which was colocalized with CD63 (an exosome marker), an indicative of inflammatory exosome formation. By nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), IL-1β-containing exosomes were shown to significantly increase in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice with emphysema. Therapeutically, IL-1β production in the lung during emphysema was significantly reduced by EA at the acupoint Feishu (BL13) and Zusanli (ST36), accompanied by decreased colocalization of NLRP3 vs ASC or caspase-1. Increased exosome release into BAL during emphysema was shown to be significantly attenuated in EA-treated mice compared to their controls. However, EA of non-specific BL23 together with ST36 acupoint had no effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, exosome release and associated lung pathology during emphysema. CONCLUSION NLRP3 inflammasome activation in concert with increased release of exosomes containing IL-1β or other inflammasome products contributes to the development of lung inflammation and injury during PPE-induced emphysema and that EA of lung-specific acupoints attenuates inflammasome activation and exosome release, thereby reducing inflammatory response in the lung of mice with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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28
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Moyal L, Arkin C, Gorovitz-Haris B, Querfeld C, Rosen S, Knaneh J, Amitay-Laish I, Prag-Naveh H, Jacob-Hirsch J, Hodak E. Mycosis fungoides-derived exosomes promote cell motility and are enriched with microRNA-155 and microRNA-1246, and their plasma-cell-free expression may serve as a potential biomarker for disease burden. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:999-1012. [PMID: 34053079 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature regarding exosomes as mediators in intercellular communication to promote progression in mycosis fungoides (MF) is lacking. OBJECTIVES To characterize MF-derived exosomes and their involvement in the disease. METHODS Exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cell lines, and from plasma of patients with MF and controls (healthy individuals). Exosomes were confirmed by electron microscopy, NanoSight and CD81 staining. Cell-line exosomes were profiled for microRNA array. Exosomal microRNA (exomiRNA) expression and uptake, and plasma-cell-free microRNA (cfmiRNA) were analysed by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exosome uptake was monitored by fluorescent labelling and CD81 immunostaining. Migration was analysed by transwell migration assay. RESULTS MyLa- and MJ-derived exosomes had a distinctive microRNA signature with abundant microRNA (miR)-155 and miR-1246. Both microRNAs were delivered into target cells, but only exomiR-155 was tested, demonstrating a migratory effect on target cells. Plasma levels of cfmiR-1246 were significantly highest in combined plaque/tumour MF, followed by patch MF, and were lowest in controls (plaque/tumour > patch > healthy), while cfmiR-155 was upregulated only in plaque/tumour MF vs. controls. Specifically, exomiR-1246 (and not exomiR-155) was higher in plasma of plaque/tumour MF than in healthy controls. Plasma exosomes from MF but not from controls increased cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that MF-derived exosomes promote cell motility and are enriched with miR-155, a well-known microRNA in MF, and miR-1246, not previously reported in MF. Based on their plasma expression we suggest that they may serve as potential biomarkers for tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moyal
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - C Arkin
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - B Gorovitz-Haris
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - C Querfeld
- Department of Pathology & Division of Dermatology, City of Hope, and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Rosen
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Knaneh
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - I Amitay-Laish
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - H Prag-Naveh
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - J Jacob-Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Hodak
- Laboratory for Molecular Dermatology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Moldogazieva NT, Zavadskiy SP, Terentiev AA. Genomic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Personalized Medicine. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:369-383. [PMID: 33994362 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advanced-stage HCC patients have poor survival rates and this requires the discovery of novel clear biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis, identifying risk factors, distinguishing HCC from non-HCC liver diseases, and assessment of treatment response. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel minimally invasive approach to enable monitoring tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Since the liquid biopsy analysis has relatively high specificity and low sensitivity in cancer early detection, there is a risk of bias. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide accurate and comprehensive gene expression and mutational profiling of liquid biopsies including cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and genomic components of extracellular vesicles (EVs) including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Since HCC is a highly heterogeneous cancer, HCC patients can display various genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic patterns and exhibit varying sensitivity to treatment options. Identification of individual variabilities in genomic signatures in liquid biopsy has the potential to greatly enhance precision oncology capabilities. In this review, we highlight and critically discuss the latest progress in characterizing the genomic landscape of liquid biopsy, which can advance HCC personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey P Zavadskiy
- A.P. Nelyubin Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Pasteurized non-fermented cow's milk but not fermented milk is a promoter of mTORC1-driven aging and increased mortality. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101270. [PMID: 33571703 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies in Sweden, a country with traditionally high milk consumption, revealed that the intake of non-fermented pasteurized milk increased all-cause mortality in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, the majority of epidemiological and clinical studies report beneficial health effects of fermented milk products, especially of yogurt. It is the intention of this review to delineate potential molecular aging mechanisms related to the intake of non-fermented milk versus yogurt on the basis of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Non-fermented pasteurized milk via its high bioavailability of insulinotropic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundance of lactose (glucosyl-galactose) and bioactive exosomal microRNAs (miRs) enhances mTORC1 signaling, which shortens lifespan and increases all-cause mortality. In contrast, fermentation-associated lactic acid bacteria metabolize BCAAs and degrade galactose and milk exosomes including their mTORC1-activating microRNAs. The Industrial Revolution, with the introduction of pasteurization and refrigeration of milk, restricted the action of beneficial milk-fermenting bacteria, which degrade milk's BCAAs, galactose and bioactive miRs that synergistically activate mTORC1. This unrecognized behavior change in humans after the Neolithic revolution increased aging-related over-activation of mTORC1 signaling in humans, who persistently consume large quantities of non-fermented pasteurized cow's milk, a potential risk factor for aging and all-cause mortality.
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31
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Xue D, Han J, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current perspectives on exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (review). Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:279-290. [PMID: 33847207 PMCID: PMC8183537 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1898728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor, is poor. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the major challenges for the treatment of HCC. Various studies have demonstrated that exosomes, which are loaded with various biomolecules including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are involved in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. Additionally, exosomes mediate various biological processes, such as immune response, cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, autophagy, and intercellular signal transduction. In cancer, exosomes regulate cancer cell differentiation, development, and drug resistance. Circular RNAs, microRNAs, and proteins in the exosomes can serve as early diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. As exosomes are characterized by low immunogenicity and high stability in the tissues and circulation, they can be used to deliver the drugs in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China.,Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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Transferred by exosomes-derived MiR-19b-3p targets PTEN to regulate esophageal cancer cell apoptosis, migration and invasion. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226893. [PMID: 33146702 PMCID: PMC7685012 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the relationship between miR-19b-3p and esophageal cancer (ESCA), and to detect the effects of miR-19b-3p transferred by exosomes on the phenotype of EC9706 cells. The expression of miR-19b-3p was detected by starBase analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The target genes of miR-19b-3p were predicted by TargetScan and further verified by luciferase analysis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PTEN and EMT-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The effects of miR-19b-3p transferred by exosomes and its target genes on the apoptosis, migration and invasion of EC9706 cells were studied by establishing a co-culture model of donor cells. The expression of miR-19b-3p in ESCA plasma, cells and exosomes was significantly up-regulated. miR-19b-3p transferred by exosomes could significantly reduce EC9706 cells apoptosis rate, promote cell migration and invasion, and could target the inhibition of PTEN expression. PTEN overexpression promoted apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion, down-regulated the expression of MMP-2 and vimentin, and up-regulated E-cadherin expression; however, these effects could be partially reversed by miR-19b-3p. In summary, our results reveal that miR-19b-3p transferred by exosomes can target PTEN to regulate ESCA biological functions in the receptor EC9706 cells.
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Abstract
This review provides epidemiological and translational evidence for milk and dairy intake as critical risk factors in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Large epidemiological studies in the United States and Europe identified total dairy, milk and butter intake with the exception of yogurt as independent risk factors of HCC. Enhanced activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a hallmark of HCC promoted by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). mTORC1 is also activated by milk protein-induced synthesis of hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), abundant constituents of milk proteins. Over the last decades, annual milk protein-derived BCAA intake increased 3 to 5 times in Western countries. In synergy with HBV- and HCV-induced secretion of hepatocyte-derived exosomes enriched in microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-155, exosomes of pasteurized milk as well deliver these oncogenic miRs to the human liver. Thus, milk exosomes operate in a comparable fashion to HBV- or HCV- induced exosomes. Milk-derived miRs synergistically enhance IGF-1-AKT-mTORC1 signaling and promote mTORC1-dependent translation, a meaningful mechanism during the postnatal growth phase, but a long-term adverse effect promoting the development of HCC. Both, dietary BCAA abundance combined with oncogenic milk exosome exposure persistently overstimulate hepatic mTORC1. Chronic alcohol consumption as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two HCC-related conditions, increase BCAA plasma levels. In HCC, mTORC1 is further hyperactivated due to RAB1 mutations as well as impaired hepatic BCAA catabolism, a metabolic hallmark of T2DM. The potential HCC-preventive effect of yogurt may be caused by lactobacilli-mediated degradation of BCAAs, inhibition of branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase via production of intestinal medium-chain fatty acids as well as degradation of milk exosomes including their oncogenic miRs. A restriction of total animal protein intake realized by a vegetable-based diet is recommended for the prevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Ding J, Wang J, Chen J. Exosomes as therapeutic vehicles in liver diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:735. [PMID: 33987433 PMCID: PMC8106083 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and treatment of various liver diseases have progressed greatly over the years, but clinical outcomes are still not satisfying. New research on the mechanisms and application thereof may effectuate positive changes. Exosomes are membrane-derived nanovesicles ranging in size from 40 to 160 nm and are released by a diversity of cells. They contain a variety of cargo, including lipids, proteins, coding RNAs, and noncoding RNAs. Recent studies have recognized exosomes as intercellular communication agents, which play important roles in physiological or biological processes in acute or chronic liver disorders by horizontal transferring of genetic bioinformation from donor cells to neighboring or distal target cells. In the hope that exosomes can potentially be used as vehicles for clinical intervention, this review aims to focus on the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the field of various liver disorders, including virus-related liver diseases, alcoholic liver diseases (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and liver cancer. In addition, many studies have indicated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes or engineered MSC-derived exosomes can also exert hepatoprotection, antioxidation, or enhance drug sensitivity on corresponding liver diseases with the advantage of low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. Overall, exosomes are expected to serve as an important therapeutic tool for various liver diseases. However, there are still many problems that need to be resolved by further research and a greater body of evidence before exosomes are ready for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ju Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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35
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Xia H, Huang Z, Liu S, Zhao X, He R, Wang Z, Shi W, Chen W, Li Z, Yu L, Huang P, Kang P, Su Z, Xu Y, Yam JWP, Cui Y. Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: Regulatory and Therapeutic Target of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653846. [PMID: 33869059 PMCID: PMC8044750 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by most somatic cells, which can carry a variety of biologically active substances to participate in intercellular communication and regulate the pathophysiological process of recipient cells. Recent studies have confirmed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by tumor cell/non-tumor cell-derived exosomes have the function of regulating the cancerous derivation of target cells and remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, due to the unique low immunogenicity and high stability, exosomes can be used as natural vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. This article aims to review the potential regulatory mechanism and the therapeutic value of exosomal ncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in order to provide promising targets for early diagnosis and precise therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuqiang Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wangming Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhizhou Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhilei Su
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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36
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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37
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Xue D, Zheng Y, Wen J, Han J, Tuo H, Liu Y, Peng Y. Role of chemokines in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:809-823. [PMID: 33650640 PMCID: PMC7859922 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, with an unsatisfactory prognosis, although treatments are improving. One of the main challenges for the treatment of HCC is the prevention or management of recurrence and metastasis of HCC. It has been found that chemokines and their receptors serve a pivotal role in HCC progression. In the present review, the literature on the multifactorial roles of exosomes in HCC from PubMed, Cochrane library and Embase were obtained, with a specific focus on the functions and mechanisms of chemokines in HCC. To date, >50 chemokines have been found, which can be divided into four families: CXC, CX3C, CC and XC, according to the different positions of the conserved N‑terminal cysteine residues. Chemokines are involved in the inflammatory response, tumor immune response, proliferation, invasion and metastasis via modulation of various signaling pathways. Thus, chemokines and their receptors directly or indirectly shape the tumor cell microenvironment, and regulate the biological behavior of the tumor. In addition, the potential application of chemokines in chemotaxis of exosomes as drug vehicles is discussed. Exosomes containing chemokines or expressing receptors for chemokines may improve chemotaxis to HCC and may thus be exploited for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Medical Center Laboratory, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Junye Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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38
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Honarmand Tamizkar K, Hussen BM, Taheri M. MicroRNA signature in liver cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153369. [PMID: 33626406 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the 7th utmost frequent neoplasm and the 4th principal source of cancer deaths. This malignancy is linked with several environmental and lifestyle-related factors emphasizing the role of epigenetics in its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as potent epigenetic mechanisms partaking in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been related with poor outcome of patients with liver cancer. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise review of the results of recent studies about the role of miRNAs in the progression of liver cancer and their diagnostic and prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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Kim T, Croce CM. MicroRNA and ER stress in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 75:3-14. [PMID: 33422566 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of biological technologies in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics has led to the identification and characterization of the complete set of coding genes and their roles in various cellular pathways in cancer. Nevertheless, the cellular pathways have not been fully figured out like a jigsaw puzzle with missing pieces. The discovery of noncoding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) has provided the missing pieces of the cellular pathways. Likewise, miRNAs have settled many questions of inexplicable patches in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. The ER stress-caused pathways typified by the unfolded protein response (UPR) are pivotal processes for cellular homeostasis and survival, rectifying uncontrolled proteostasis and determining the cell fate. Although various factors and pathways have been studied and characterized, the understanding of the ER stress requires more wedges to fill the cracks of knowledge about the ER stress pathways. Moreover, the roles of the ER stress and UPR are still controversial in cancer despite their strong potential to promote cancer. The noncoding RNAs, in particular, miRNAs aid in a better understanding of the ER stress and its role in cancer. In this review, miRNAs that are the more-investigated subtype of noncoding RNAs are focused on the interpretation of the ER stress in cancer, following the introduction of miRNA and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Histology & Developmental Biology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation, Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Center, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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40
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Shoorei H, Mohaqiq M, Majidpoor J, Sayad A, Taheri M. Regulatory role of microRNAs on PTEN signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110986. [PMID: 33166764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein which is altered in several malignancies. This protein is a negative regulator of the PI3K/AKT signaling. Several transcription factors regulate the expression of PTEN in positive or negative directions. Moreover, numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have functional interactions with PTEN and inhibit its expression. Suppression of PTEN can attenuate the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Based on the critical role of this tumor suppressor gene, the identification of negative regulators of its expression has practical significance particularly in the prevention and management of cancer. Meanwhile, the interaction between miRNAs and PTEN has functional consequences in non-malignant disorders including myocardial infarction, osteoporosis, cerebral ischemic stroke, and recurrent abortion. In the present review, we describe the role of miRNAs in the regulation of expression and activity of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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41
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Massaro C, Sgueglia G, Frattolillo V, Baglio SR, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nucleic Acid Delivery: Current Advances and Future Perspectives in Cancer Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100980. [PMID: 33081417 PMCID: PMC7589909 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sophisticated and sensitive messengers released by cells to communicate with and influence distant and neighboring cells via selective transfer of bioactive content, including protein lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have therefore attracted broad interest as new and refined potential therapeutic systems in many diseases, including cancer, due to their low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and elevated bioavailability. They might serve as safe and effective vehicles for the transport of therapeutic molecules to specific tissues and cells. In this review, we focus on EVs as a vehicle for gene therapy in cancer. We describe recent developments in EV engineering to achieve efficient intracellular delivery of cancer therapeutics and avoid off-target effects, to provide an overview of the potential applications of EV-mediated gene therapy and the most promising biomedical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Victoria Frattolillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - S. Rubina Baglio
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-5667569 (L.A.); +39-081-5667564 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-5667569 (L.A.); +39-081-5667564 (C.D.)
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42
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Loesch R, Chenane L, Colnot S. ARID2 Chromatin Remodeler in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102152. [PMID: 32977645 PMCID: PMC7598172 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodelers are found highly mutated in cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma. These mutations frequently occur in ARID (AT-rich Interactive Domain) genes, encoding subunits of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF remodelers. The increasingly prevalent complexity that surrounds the functions and specificities of the highly modular BAF (BG1/BRM-associated factors) and PBAF (polybromo-associated BAF) complexes, including ARID1A/B or ARID2, is baffling. The involvement of the SWI/SNF complexes in diverse tissues and processes, and especially in the regulation of gene expression, multiplies the specific outcomes of specific gene alterations. A better understanding of the molecular consequences of specific mutations impairing chromatin remodelers is needed. In this review, we summarize what we know about the tumor-modulating properties of ARID2 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Loesch
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Linda Chenane
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer”, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Flaming the fight against cancer cells: the role of microRNA-93. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:277. [PMID: 32612456 PMCID: PMC7325196 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been attempts to develop novel anti-tumor drugs in cancer therapy. Although satisfying results have been observed at a consequence of application of chemotherapeutic agents, the cancer cells are capable of making resistance into these agents. This has forced scientists into genetic manipulation as genetic alterations are responsible for generation of a high number of cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous, short non-coding RNAs that affect target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence reveals the potential role of miRs in regulation of biological processes including angiogenesis, metabolism, cell proliferation, cell division, and cell differentiation. Abnormal expression of miRs is associated with development of a number of pathologic events, particularly cancer. MiR-93 plays a significant role in both physiological and pathological mechanisms. At the present review, we show how this miR dually affects the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. Besides, we elucidate the oncogenesis or oncosuppressor function of miR-93.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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44
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Kwon Y, Kim M, Kim Y, Jung HS, Jeoung D. Exosomal MicroRNAs as Mediators of Cellular Interactions Between Cancer Cells and Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1167. [PMID: 32595638 PMCID: PMC7300210 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and various stromal cells such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), neutrophils, macrophages, and other innate and adaptive immune cells. Of these innate immune cells, macrophages are an extremely heterogeneous population, and display both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. While M1 macrophages (classically activated macrophages) display anti-tumoral and pro-inflammatory functions, M2 macrophages display pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory functions. Cellular interactions and molecular factors in the tumor microenvironment affect the polarization of macrophages. We review molecules and immune cells that influence the polarization status of macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) generally express M2 phenotype, and mediate many processes that include tumor initiation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. A high number of TAMs has been associated with the poor prognosis of cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been known to regulate cellular interactions that involve cancer cells and macrophages. Tumor-derived exosomes play critical roles in inducing the M1 or M2-like polarization of macrophages. The roles of exosomal miRNAs from tumor cells in the polarization of macrophages are also discussed and the targets of these miRNAs are presented. We review the effects of exosomal miRNAs from TAMs on cancer cell invasion, growth, and anti-cancer drug resistance. The relevance of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as targets for the development of anti-cancer drugs is discussed. We review recent progress in the development of miRNA therapeutics aimed at elevating or decreasing levels of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Ben Q, Sun Y, Liu J, Wang W, Zou D, Yuan Y. Nicotine promotes tumor progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 axis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2020; 20:698-708. [PMID: 32354626 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine, the major component of cigarette smoke, has been reported to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and invasion. Deregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression is found in many cancers, including PDAC. The effects of nicotine on miRNAs change in PDAC progression remain unknown. METHODS The effects of cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure on PDAC cell lines and tissues were evaluated. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization assays were used to determine miR-155-5p expression in human PDAC tissue and cell lines upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure. Bioinformatics, loss-of-function experiments, luciferase reporter assay were performed to validate Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (NDFIP1) as a direct target of miR-155-5p. The potentials of systemic miR-155-5p inhibitor-based therapy in overcoming nicotine exposure were evaluated in tumor xenograft model. RESULTS Nicotine promoted PDAC cells proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a dose-response manner. MiR-155-5p was found to be highly expressed in PDAC cell lines and tissues upon cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure. Functional studies showed that miR-155-5p knockdown could override the enhancement of oncogenic activity due to nicotine exposure in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of NDFIP1. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that nicotine-regulated miR-155-5p/NDFIP1 promotes tumor progression and EMT of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Ben
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yaozong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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The Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and the Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Exosomal microRNAs and their Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040823. [PMID: 32235370 PMCID: PMC7226466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The communication between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and their microenvironment is an essential mechanism supporting or preventing tumor development and progression. Recent evidence has identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as one of the mechanisms mediating paracrine signaling between cells. Exosomes, the most described class of EVs, deliver proteins, mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, DNA, and lipids to recipient cells, also at remote distances. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as part of the non-coding RNA exosomal cargo, have an important role in regulating cellular pathways in targeted cells, regulating several processes related to tumor progression invasion and metastasis, such as angiogenesis, immune-escape, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and multi-drug resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests exosomal miRNAs as relevant players in the dynamic crosstalk among cancerous, immune, and stromal cells in establishing the tumorigenic microenvironment. In addition, they sustain the metastasic niche formation at distant sites. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on the role of the exosome-derived miRNAs in the cross-communication between tumor cells and different hepatic resident cells, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cell re-programming. In addition, we describe the clinical implication derived from the exosomal miRNA-driven immunomodulation to the current immunotherapy strategies and the molecular aspects influencing the resistance to therapeutic agents.
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