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Kisa S, Gungor R, Kisa A. Domestic Violence Against Women in North African and Middle Eastern Countries: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:549-575. [PMID: 34350792 PMCID: PMC10009496 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify the scope of the current literature on the prevalence, consequences, and risk factors of domestic violence (DV) against women by their husbands or male partners in North African and Middle Eastern countries. The methodology for this scoping review was based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies published on DV against women over the age of 15 by partner or husband and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between January 1970 and April 2018 were included in the review. The databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Scopus, African Journals Online, Turkish Journal Database, and gray literature sources were searched. On completion of the review process, 151 full-text articles were identified for charting. This review demonstrated that women's age, women's education level, duration of marriage, history of childhood abuse/witnessing family violence, living in the rural region, and family income level were negatively associated with DV, indicating that younger women, women with lower education, a longer marriage duration, and a lower income level had a higher risk of exposure to DV in this region. Anxiety, depression/insomnia, and physical injury were the most common health problems reported by victims in the region. The highest proportion of women with no response to violence was reported in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The findings of this scoping review represent the first attempt to summarize the literature from North African and Middle Eastern countries and demonstrate the similarity in DV-related behaviors among women despite the cultural and regional diversity of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Kisa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health
Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
- Sezer, Kisa, Department of Nursing and
Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo,
Norway
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Mehra D, Srivastava S, Chandra M, Srivastava N, Laaksonen M, Saarinen HE, Mehra S. Effect of physical mobility, decision making and economic empowerment on gender-based violence among married youth in India-SAWERA project. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:548. [PMID: 36959579 PMCID: PMC10034242 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV) is both a human rights imperative and a multifaceted economic issue. GBV can also act as a barrier to economic empowerment. The aim of the study was to examine the association between women’s empowerment (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources) and GBV among married youth in India. Methods Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married youth in the age group of 15–24 years, in two selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, India. The data was collected from 578 youth. Pre-validated scales were used to assess women’s empowerment indicators (physical mobility, decision making and economic resources). The outcomes assessed were scales on physical and sexual violence. Multivariate regression models examined associations between women’s empowerment, spousal characteristics, socio-economic status and demographics. Results The overall results of the study found that restricted physical mobility had a negative association with sexual violence [AOR: 0.49; CI 0.26–0.92]. Women with no decision-making power had higher odds of physical violence [AOR: 2.12; CI 0.01–4.43] and sexual violence [AOR: 1.96; CI 1.02–3.77]. Having no economic resources had a negative association with sexual violence [AOR: 0.19; CI 0.09–0.39]. Women going through spousal controlling behavior had a higher likelihood of physical [AOR: 3.79; CI 1.75–8.19] and sexual violence [AOR: 4.03; CI 2.09–7.79]. It was also found that married women from rural areas and other ethnic backgrounds had higher odds of physical violence. Conclusion There is a crucial need to work towards women’s empowerment, with progressive gender roles such as greater decision-making, physical mobility and economic resources to reduce GBV. An established method that has worked in various contexts is adopting gender transformative approaches that involve men. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15421-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Mehra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Murari Chandra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Srivastava
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sunil Mehra
- grid.503716.60000 0004 1766 9202MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, India
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Wang ZY, Huang SX, Yang JD, Li DP, Xu YW. Subfertile Chinese patients with diminished ovarian reserve: An analysis of pregnancy outcomes of ART cycles. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:338-343. [PMID: 36950421 PMCID: PMC10025703 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.2.6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the pregnancy outcomes of patients presenting with infertility solely due to diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and treated by assisted reproductive technology (ART), including artificial insemination by husband (AIH) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods This was a retrospective study of subfertile patients due to DOR attending the Center for Reproductive Medicine in Guangzhou, China, between January 2010 and October 2015. Patients were assigned into either the AIH or IVF group. Within each group, these patients were further subgrouped based on their serum basal follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH) level (10 ≤ bFSH ≤ 12IU/L and bFSH > 12IU/L) and age (20-30, 31-35, 36-40, and 41-45 years). The live birth rates were compared among these groups and subgroups. Result A total of 1,003 patients with a median age of 38.91 (21-45) years were enrolled in the study. The live birth rate following AIH was 5.61% (25/446), which was significantly lower than that following IVF (25.13%; 140/557). In the subgroup analysis, the cumulative live birth rates in AIH group were significantly lower than those in the IVF groups (in the 10-12 IU/L bFSH subgroup, 13.74% vs. 41.13% (P<0.05) for patients aged ≤35 years, and 4.82% vs. 19.77% (P<0.05) for patients aged >35 years; in the >12 IU/L bFSH subgroup, 9.52% vs. 29.91% (P<0.05) for patients aged ≤35 years, and 5.71% vs. 20.55% (P<0.05) for patients aged >35 years). Longitudinal analysis showed that majority of live births, in AIH or IVF groups, were achieved in the first two cycles. Conclusions In subfertile women with DOR, live birth rates following AIH were significantly lower than IVF, especially for the aged women. Considering the low efficacy of AIH and that majority of live births were achieved in the first two cycles, we suggest no more than two AIH treatment attempts for the aged women with DOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Yan Wang
- Zeng-Yan Wang, MD., Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Sun-Xing Huang
- Sun-Xing Huang, MD., Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Di Yang
- Jing-Di Yang, MD., Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Dan-Ping Li
- Dan-Ping Li, MD., Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Wen Xu
- Yan-Wen Xu, MD., Center for Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Ghazi P, Gao Q, Tian T, Kong F, Zhan S, Liu C, Bloom DE, Qiao J. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. THE LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2022; 10:e820-e830. [PMID: 35561719 PMCID: PMC9115867 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility and intimate partner violence (IPV) are of serious concern globally, yet the prevalence of IPV against infertile women has not been quantified at the regional or global level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of IPV against infertile women and its variation in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We did a systematic literature search of 11 databases for articles published between database inception and Sept 30, 2021, and performed meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence and 95% CI of IPV against infertile women in LMICs. We used subgroup analyses and meta-regressions to explore variation in the prevalence by study period (2010 and before vs after 2010), study region (Africa, west Asia, south Asia, and east Asia), type of infertility (primary or secondary), risk of bias (high, moderate, or low), sample size (continuous variable), and measuring tools (the modified Abuse Assessment Screen, the WHO Violence Against Women instrument, or the revised Conflict Tactics Scales). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021248448. Findings Of 2661 references identified (2637 via database searches and 24 via secondary searches), 120 full-text articles were reviewed, and we identified 30 relevant studies conducted in nine LMICs between 2000 and 2019. 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 7164 participants. The 12-month prevalence of IPV among infertile women was 36·0% (95% CI 20·4–55·2), compared with a lifetime prevalence of 47·2% (31·7–63·3). The most common type of IPV was psychological violence, with a prevalence of 24·6% (11·3–45·6) over 12 months and 51·5% (38·8–64·0) over a lifetime (slightly higher than the pooled overall rate due to different data sources), respectively; followed by physical violence (11·9% [5·2–25·1] and 20·2% [12·1–31·7]); sexual violence (8·7% [2·6–25·0] and 11·5% [6·1–20·7]); and economic coercion (2·6% [0·4–13·7] and 9·8% [5·7–16·5]). Significant variations of lifetime prevalence estimates were presented by study period (R2=39·46%), region (R2=50·95%), and measuring tools (R2=54·27%). Interpretation A high prevalence of IPV against infertile women is evident despite heterogeneity across studies. IPV screening, counselling, and structural interventions should be tailored to address this urgent issue at multiple levels of society. Funding China Medical Board and WHO.
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Impact of Stress and Financials on Romanian Infertile Women Accessing Assisted Reproductive Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063256. [PMID: 35328944 PMCID: PMC8948966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Around 20% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility issues, with numbers in the European Union reaching as high as 25%, while access to reproductive care varies significantly by geopolitical and country-specific variables. The purpose of this research is to shed light on the unique social, psychological, and financial difficulties faced by Romanian couples seeking access to assisted reproductive therapy (ART). A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2017 and 2019 to involve women who accessed ART at fertility clinics in Romania by completing two infertility surveys. We analyzed the data in terms of all facets of infertility and ART, including the effect of personal background and stress levels on succeeding to conceive, the impact of treatment costs, and household income. A total of 829 participants completed the survey. We observed that high stress exposure leads to a substantially higher duration to conceive using ART, although the proportions of successful pregnancies did not differ between low-stress and high-stress groups. A significantly higher number of couples achieved pregnancy when their monthly household income was higher than EUR 1000 and if the ART method was more expensive. Additionally, we observed that advanced age, high stress levels, and the high cost of ART had a negative association with achieving pregnancy using ART. The findings indicated that Romanian couples experiencing infertility must contend with significant expenses for specialist infertility treatments, as well as treatment-related stress, both of which have a detrimental effect on their odds of attaining conception.
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Çambel B, Akköz Çevik S. Prevalence of intimate partner and family violence among women attending infertility clinic and relationship between violence and quality of life. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:2082-2088. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.2024156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behiye Çambel
- Gaziantep University of Institute of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Semra Akköz Çevik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetric Nursing, Gaziantep University of Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Öztürk R, Bloom TL, Li Y, Bullock LFC. Stress, stigma, violence experiences and social support of US infertile women. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 39:205-217. [PMID: 32338526 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1754373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Previous studies investigated the physical, psychological and sociological effects of infertility; however, stigma and violence experiences of infertile women haven't yet been studied in the US. The objective of the study is to examine the perceived stress, stigma, violence experiences, and social support of US infertile women and to compare with fertile women in order to understand the effects of infertility on stress levels, violence exposures, and support. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with fertile and infertile women who use social media for an online support group. A convenience sample of 786 women completed an online survey. Results: In the study, 41.6% of participants were fertile and 58.4% were infertile. We found infertile women experienced high levels of stigma and moderate stress. One in five infertile women has been exposed to emotional or physical violence. Compared to fertile women, infertile women had significantly higher perceived stress levels and were less likely to experience emotional or physical violence. Conclusion: These findings highlight that infertile women have experienced stigma and high levels of stress in a developed country. They are also exposed to emotional or physical violence, but surprisingly infertile women are less likely to report violence than fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina L Bloom
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Linda F C Bullock
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
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Lotfy M, Hamdy MA, Mansour AFI, Gharib WF, Ghoneim HM, Abbas AM, Sayed Ahmed WA, Ibrahim ZM. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among infertile Egyptian women: a cross-sectional study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:362-367. [PMID: 31335224 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1642467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Domestic violence (DV) is an important social and public health problem affecting women globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV among infertile Egyptian women. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study included infertile women attending the outpatient gynaecological clinic in a tertiary University hospital was carried out between September 2017 and October 2018. After obtaining ethical approval, 304 infertile women were enrolled in the study and investigated using an interview questionnaire of Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale (IWEVDS). The questionnaire was examined for accuracy after translation into the Arabic language. Results: The infertile women's reported DV resulted in an average total score on the IWEVDS of 73 ± 17. The top three domains with the highest scales were DV, punishment and exposure to traditional practices domains with scale 20.84 ± 7.67, 18.25 ± 4.15 and 14.63 ± 3.18 points, respectively. Using Multivariable linear regression analysis, we found that the best-fitting predictors for this scale were the wife's age (p = .001), residency (p = .033), previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (p = .016), divorce threatens (p = .022) and fear from husband (p = .026). Conclusions: Infertile Egyptian women are at an increased risk of DV. The most common forms of DV are psychological violence and verbal abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Lotfy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hamdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | | | - Waleed F Gharib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ghoneim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Waleed Ali Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Zakia M Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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Coşkuner Potur D, Onat G, Doğan Merih Y. An evaluation of the relationship between violence exposure status and personality characteristics among infertile women. Health Care Women Int 2019; 40:1135-1148. [PMID: 31274387 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2019.1622704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this descriptive study, our aim was to examine the relationship between violence exposure status and personality characteristics among infertile women. The researchers collected data from 315 infertile women at an in vitro fertilization unit of the Woman and Child Disease Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. An introductory information form, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated Form (EPQR-A), and the Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale (IWEVDS) were used as data collection tools. When the relationship between the IWEVDS and EPQR-A subdimension scores of the infertile women were examined, a positive relationship was found between the being-forced-into-traditional-practices subdimension of the IWEVDS and the neuroticism subdimension of the EPQR-A. In addition, a weak negative relationship was found between the being-forced-into-traditional-practices subdimension of the IWEVDS and the lying subdimension of the EPQR-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Coşkuner Potur
- Division on Nursing, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Nursing, Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Güliz Onat
- Department of Midwifery, KTO Konya Karatay University Academy of Medical Sciences, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Doğan Merih
- Health Care Manager, Zeynep Kamil Women and Child Disease Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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